Word Tone Class Gloss Toneless_Word Note Mwi’chaaB—/Bi’chaaB— L-HLLH N 1/2 MwiichaaBo/BiichaaBo see [MwiiyŽ] Mwi’giisś/Bi’giisś L-HLLH N 1/2 Mwiigiisu/Biigiisu see [MwiiyŽ] hadUhUź LLLH hadUhUU see [ndUhUź] gatI• LLH gatII see [hagatI•]; see [m`gatI•]; see [hagatIg‡t•] mIlI LL N 3 mIlI see [muBIlI] shiiMw‡‡n‡ L-LHHH N -/8 shiiMwaana see [shiilw‡‡n‡] -Ig•ja LHL V IgIja see [-Ij‡] MwiiMw‡‡n‡/BiiMw‡‡n‡ L-LHHH N 1/2 MwiiMwaana/BiiMwaana see [Mwiilw‡‡n‡/Biilw‡‡n‡] -chija LL V chija see [-chilwa] nhUl•lŽ LHH N 9/10 nhUlIle see [matUl•lŽ] mako—mba.' L-LHL.h N -/6 makoomba see [Mho—mba.'] kUnź LH kUnU see [kUźnU] m`BIlI L-LL N 3 mBIlI see [muBIlI] -po—nd‡ LHH V poonda see [nson’] shame teetele LLLL I teetele see [teletele] mvya L N -/10 mvya see [ivya] Mwi’chaanŽ/Bi’chaanŽ L-HLLH N 1/2 Mwiichaane/Biichaane see [MwiiyŽ] Mwiiy—/Biiy— L-LH N 1/2 Mwiiyo/Biiyo see [MwiiyŽ] Mwi’chiinś/Bi’chiinś L-HLLH N 1/2 Mwiichiinu/Biichiinu see [MwiiyŽ] -dUj‡ LH V able: be dUja hiigźlya.' L-LHL.h N 16+5 above hiigUlya lit. on the hill -hyo—goja LHLL V abuse hyoogoja [kwiihy——goja] to abuse each other -shi’nd•kIla LHHLL V accompany shiindIkIla -ja kIIh‡mo.' L LLHL.h accompany ja kIIhamo lit. go together -sUUmbya LLL V accumulate sUUmbya -choongeela LLLLL V accuse choongeela -shid‡‡ki LHHL V irr accuse shidaaki [waash’d‡‡kagwa] she has been accused; [waan’shid‡‡kaga hiiBa‡nz‡] he accused me at the meeting -di’mana LHLL V accuse each other diimana [Bi’d’’manilŽ wiiB’] they have accused each other of theft wiim‡ne.' L-LHL.h N 14/- acquaintance (mutual), knowing each other wiimane shIIt— L-LH N -/8 action, deed shIIto more commonly [lIIshIIt—/maashIIt—] cl. 5+/6+ -tUl•la LHL V add (sth. to sth. else) tUlIla see also increase ihano/mahano L-LL N 5/6 advice, warning instruction ihano/mahano -hana LL V advise, caution, instruct hana mbiizo/= LLL N 9/10 adze (Sw. tezo) mbiizo/= -sus‡ LH V affect (of coldness) susa more commonly in the passive: [kUsusw‡‡ mbeh—] to feel cold again see other -zunIlIja LLLL V agree to sth. zunIlIja -zuNa LL V agree, consent, believe zuNa -lagana LLL V agree, enter into an agreement lagana ilagano/malagano L-LLL N 5/6 agreement ilagano/malagano -ta‡ng‡ LHH V ahead of s.o. else: be or arrive taanga isopweŽ/masopweŽ L-LLH N 5/6 albino isopwee/masopwee pŽ H I all pe used in: [BUzikź pŽ] all night long dwi’ LH I all dwii used in: [lIIm’ dwi’] all day long po— LH I all, whole poo [BanhU po—] all the people -—se. HL. P all, whole ose [Mweend‡ g——se] the whole cloth; [myeend‡ y——se] all cloths pyŽ H I all, whole pye [waalwa pyŽŽ] all the beer -zumIja LLL V allow zumIja -’nenŽ HLH P alone inene 1SG [ni’nenŽ], 2SG [wi’nenŽ], 1PL [twi’nenŽ], 2PL [Mwi’nenŽ], cl.1 [wi’nenŽ], cl.2 [Bi’nenŽ] shŽnIIsh— HLLH I also, likewise shenIIsho see also other, see also together always see day maalek‡ani. LLLHLL. N 9a/- America, U.S.A. maalekaani ilika/malika L-LL N 5/6 amount: a certain reasonable, medium size, middle age ilika/malika [miinz• g‡‡-m‡lika] a reasonable quantity of water kItaange L-LLL N 7/- amount: a small kItaange [kItaange dUhź] provided that and see with kIshil‡ L-LH N 7/- anger kIshila -daki LL A angry, wild, brave daki [ndaki] cl. 9 -daka LL V angry: be daka [kUdakIla] be angry with s.o. or for some reason -yog‡ LH V angry: get yoga ndimś/= LH N 9/10 animal (wild) ndimu/= also [ilimś/malimś vv idimś/madimś] cl. 5/6 m`tug—/mitug— L-LH N (3)/4 animal: domestic, livestock mtugo/mitugo kIgo—ngwi.'/shigo—ngwi.' L-LHL.h N 7/8 ankle kIgoongwi/shigoongwi -taangaaja LLLLL V announce taangaaja ishoosho L-LLL N 5/6 answer ishoosho -shoosha LLL V answer shoosha mb’sU.'/= HL.h N 9/10 ant sp. (small, black) mbisU/= also [iB’sU.'/maB’sU.'] cl. 5/6 sh’la‡mba.' HLHL.h N -/10a; 8 ant sp. (Sw. siafu) shilaamba also [lIIsh’la‡mba.'/maash’la‡mba.'] cl. 5+/6+ sUźngwa.'/= LHL.h N 9a/10a ant sp. (Sw. sungusungu) sUUngwa/= also [lIIsUźngwa.'/maasUźngwa.'] cl. 5+/6+ nag‡/= LH N 9/10 anteater naga/= also [inag‡/manag‡] cl. 5/6 kIgUlU/shigUlU L-LL N 7/8 anthill kIgUlU/shigUlU lUfiindo/mfiindo L-LLL N 11/10 anus lUfiindo/mfiindo -igŽla L-HL V refl appear (become visible, seem), happen igela -Bal‡ LH V appear (of moon and stars) Bala m`heŽmb‡/BaheŽmb‡ L-LHH N 1/2 apprentice, trainee in an art or craft mheemba/Baheemba -egeela LLLL V approach, move closer to egeela m`ya‡ngźzi./Baya‡ngźzi. L-LHHL. N 1/2 arbiter, s.o. who settles a dispute myaangUzi/BayaangUzi -ya‡ngźla LHHL V arbitrate, settle a dispute yaangUla arm see hand lyaap‡/maap‡ L-LH N 5/6 armpit lyaapa/maapa -pa‡ng‡ LHH V arrange paanga -hela LL V arrange in a row hela -shika LL V arrive shika Mwaambi/myaambi L-LL N 3/4 arrow Mwaambi/myaambi Tutsi, Tab. isoonga/masoonga L-LLL N 5/6 arrow isoonga/masoonga ikUUmbo/makUUmbo L-LLL N 5/6 arrow head ikUUmbo/makUUmbo g•tI HL I as, like gItI [aBi’lŽ g•tI m`sazi] he is like crazy maBuś L-LH N (5)/6 ashes maBuu sg. [iBuś] some quantity of ash -BUźja LHL V ask BUUja -iBźźgiisha L-HHLLL V refl ask a lot of petty questions iBUUgiisha double-caus. < [kUBUźja] to ask < [kUBUźla] to reveal -lo—mb‡ LHH V ask for sth. loomba [kIswaah’li ch‡‡-kźlo—mbŽla miinz•] just enough Swahili to ask for some water -iB’l’’nga L-HHHL V refl assemble (of people, itr.), become round iBiliinga -Bil’’nga LHHL V assemble (people; tr.) Biliinga astonished: be see be surprised -tala LL V astray: go (of animals: not staying with the herd, of people: not staying at home) tala -gol‡ LH V attentive or vigilant about s.o.: be gola kaan— L-LH N 12; 9a/10a attic (space between ceiling and roof) kaano aunt see mother"s younger/elder sister, father"s sister -il’g‡ L-HH V refl avoid iliga mbasa‡/= LLH N 9/10 axe (Sw. shoka) mbasaa/= ngUkU/= LL N 9/10 baboon ngUkU/= also [igUkU/magUkU] cl. 5/6 kaan‡/twaan‡ L-LH N 12/13 baby kaana/twaana also [Mwaan‡ MweelŽŽle] lit. very young child m`goongo/migoongo L-LLL N 3/4 back mgoongo/migoongo -Bi’ LH A bad, ugly Bii [shiBi’] badly; [kIBi’] very much; [magazi maBi’] bad luck; see also evil -Bi’pa LHL V bad: be Biipa waanga L-LL N 14/- bald head waanga also [lIIwaanga/maawaanga] 5+/6+ nhoongeŽ/= LLLH N 9/10 ball of food (made with fingers for putting food into mouth) nhoongee/= m`sUnźnź/misUnźnź L-LHH N 3/4 bamboo msUnUnU/misUnUnU ngilig’li.'/= LLHL.h N 9/10 bank (of river), the inner rim of a vessel ngiligili/= -UBUUla LLLL V bark (a tree), remove outer skin UBUUla [kwiiyźźBUUla] shed skin (as a snake does) igźla.'/magźla.' L-HL.h N 5/6 bark (of tree), shell (of egg, animal or fruit), scale (of fish) igUla/magUla -kaaBa LLL V barter (usually livestock) kaaBa kIgapź/shigapź L-LH N 7/8 basket kIgapU/shigapU [g vv k] tUźnge.'/= LHL.h N 9a/10a bat tUUnge/= also [lIItUźnge.'/maatUźnge.'] cl. 5+/6+ -lI L V irr be lI -Bi’ LH V irr be Bii -I L V irr be I only used with following [na-] -k• H V irr be not kI BUsalź/nsalź L-LH N 14/(10) beads, a loop of beads BUsalU/nsalU augm. [lIIBUsalź/maaBUsalź] 5+/6+; dim. [kaaBUsalź/tUUBUsalź] 12+/13+ ihalage/mahalage L-LLL N 5/6 bean ihalage/mahalage lUduślu.'/nduślu.' L-LHL.h N 11/10 bean sp. (small green seeds; Sw. chooko) lUduulu/nduulu -twa‡la LHL V bear fruit (of trees, plants) twaala -But‡ LH V bear, give birth Buta Tab. -Bya‡la LHL V bear, give birth, beget Byaala ndezu LL N -/10 beard ndezu Tab. [ndevu]; cf. [kIlezu] 7/8 chin, beard -tUl‡na LHL V beat each other habitually, always quarrel and fight tUlana -tUl‡gUla LHLL V beat up thoroughly tUlagUla -tUl‡ LH V beat, hit tUla [kUtUl‡ m'lUl’] to whistle; [yIkatUl‡ mbUl‡] it rained beautiful see good m`leenzi/Baleenzi L-LLL N 1/2 beautiful, a beauty mleenzi/Baleenzi Tab. kwIIshi LLL I because kwIIshi Ishi LL P DEM1 8 because, as, that (complementizer) Ishi kUUnguno LL-LL N 17+9 because, why kUUnguno [akaja kUUngUno kI] why did he go? BUlI•lI.'/maaBUlI•lI.' L-LHL.h/LL- N 14/6+ bed BUlIIlI/maaBUlIIlI -amba LL V bed: make the amba -anza LL V bed: make the anza MhUźngźn’/= LHHH N 9/10 bedbug MhUUngUni/= also [ikUźngźn’/makUźngźn’] cl. 5/6 nzUk•/= LH N 9/10 bee nzUkI/= also [iyUk•/mayUk•] cl. 5/6 cha‡pa.'/Baacha‡pa.' LHL.h/LL- N 1a/2+ bee-master, professional honey collector chaapa/Baachaapa m`ziinga/miziinga L-LLL N 3/4 beehive, cannon mziinga/miziinga waalwa‡ L-LLH N 14/- beer waalwaa [maawaalwa‡] cl. 6+ sorts of beer matUl•lŽ L-LHH N -/6 beer to which sugar or honey has been added matUlIle also [nhUl•lŽ] cl. 9/10 m`laambya/milaambya L-LLL N 3/4 beer without sugar or honey added to it (normally from millet) mlaambya/milaambya Mhaang‡la.' LLHL.h N 9/- beer: maize Mhaangala nta L N 9/- beeswax nta beget see bear -lamula LLL V begin lamula pronunciation [kUlam`la] -andya LL V begin (tr. and itr.) andya waandanIjo L-LLLL N 14/- beginning waandanIjo numa LL N 9/- behind numa [kUUnuma yaa-nuśmba] behind the house; cf. [haanuma] then -biizUka LLLL V belch biizUka believe see agree ikI•nd‡/makI•nd‡ L-LHH N 5/6 bell ikIInda/makIInda MheŽngŽlŽ/= LHHH N 9/10 bell Mheengele/= m`yI•mb‡/miyI•mb‡ L-LHH N 3/4 bell (worn around ankles; Sw. njuga) myIImba/miyIImba m`guBa/miguBa L-LL N 3/4 bellows mguBa/miguBa -fuguta LLL V bellows: work the fuguta nda/= L N 9/10 belly nda/= [kUso—mb‡ nda] to become pregnant Mhulśli.'/= LHL.h N 9/10 below sth.: space Mhululi/= [Mhulśli y‡‡-BUlI•lI] space below the bed; often locative: [muuMhulśli.'] cl. 18+9 (pronounced [muM`Mhulśli]) nsIl•l• LHH N 9/- below, under nsIlIlI usually locative: [haansIl•l• y‡‡-BUlI•lI] under the bed -pIInda LLL V bend (tr.) pIInda -inama LLL V bend down low (oneself) inama -guundama LLLL V bend onself, bow guundama -goonda LLL V bend, fold goonda -ig—mu.' LHL.h A bent, crooked igomuu [kiig—mu.'] cl. 7 -ig—ma L-HL V refl bent, crooked: become igoma ngo—nde.'/= LHL.h N 9/10 bent: sth. ngoonde/= [ngo—nde y‡‡-nsam‡aki] bent fish (dried, bent for storage) m`fI•lw‡/BafI•lw‡ L-LHH N 1/2 bereaved person mfIIlwa/BafIIlwa hagatI• L-LLH N 16 between, in the middle (on a line or a plane) hagatII [ikal‡g‡ h‡gatI(•)] sit in the middle; also [kUgatI•] (rare) -loga LL V bewitch loga njeŽmś LHH N 9/(10) bhang njeemu nda‡zi./= LHL. N 9/10 big, huge ndaazi/= always with following connexive: [nda‡zi yaa-nshi’mb‡] a huge lion -h‡Na. HL. A big, large haNa noni/= LL N 9/10 bird noni/= also [inoni/manoni] cl. 5/6; dim. [kanoni/tUnoni] cl. 12/13 jo—le.'/= LHL.h N 9a/10a bird sp. (eats crops) joole/= also [lIIjo—le.'/maajo—le.'] cl. 5+/6+ wi’leŽmbo.' L-HLHL.h N 14/- birdlime, glue wiileembo kIBya‡l’lwŽ/shiBya‡l’lwŽ L-LHHH N 7/8 birth sequence kIByaalilwe/shiByaalilwe -lum‡ LH V bite luma see also stop -lum‡gUla LHLL V bite many times lumagUla -ka‡mvśga LHHL V bite strongly kaamvuga -temś LH A bitter temu cf. cut (with sharp instrument) -lUlU LL A bitter, sour lUlU -lUla LL V bitter, sour: become lUla BUlUlU L-LL N 14/- bitterness BUlUlU pi L I black pi [Mweend‡ gw‡‡-pi] a black cloth m`suz’/Basuz’ L-LH N 1/2 blacksmith msuzi/Basuzi lUhuBa/maalUhuBa L-LL/LL- N 11/6+ bladder lUhuBa/maalUhuBa -boku LL A blind boku Suk. -hofu LL A blind hofu -chiB‡ LH V block hole, plug, seal chiBa magazi L-LL N -/6 blood magazi also cl. 3 m`gazi L-LL N 3/- blood mgazi also cl. 6 -fuula LLL V blow (of wind or with mouth) fuula Bulślu.' LHL.h N 9a/- blue Bululu [Mweend‡ gw‡‡-Bulślu] a blue cloth -duśhś LHH A blunt duuhu -duśha LHL V blunt: become duuha waat—/maawaat— L-LH/LL- N 14/6+ boat waato/maawaato muBIlI/miBIlI L-LL N 3/4 body muBIlI/miBIlI sing. also [m`BIlI] or [mIlI] -seBya LL V boil seBya -pogoma LLL V boil and bubble pogoma caus. [kUpogomya] iguh‡/maguh‡ L-LH N 5/6 bone iguha/maguha -laanda LLL V borrow (from s.o.) laanda -gopa LL V borrow (from s.o.) gopa [kUBag—pa] to borrow from them lUBI•mb•/maalUBI•mb• L-LHH/LL- N 11/6+ boundary lUBIImbI/maalUBIImbI BUta‡/maaBUta‡ L-LH/LL- N 14/6+ bow BUtaa/maaBUtaa [ita ly‡‡-Baash’] rainbow -Baanga LLL V bow: make a Baanga [kUBaanga BUta‡] to manufacture a bow ibakśli.'/mabakśli.' L-LHL.h N 5/6 bowl (Sw. bakuli) ibakuli/mabakuli kIhIInda‡/shihIInda‡ L-LLLH N 7/8 box made from two pieces of bark (side and sewn-on bottom), sometimes with lid kIhIIndaa/shihIIndaa isheelo/masheelo L-LLL N 5/6 box made from two pieces of bark (side and sewn-on bottom), sometimes with lid isheelo/masheelo m`ya‡nda.'/Baya‡nda.' L-LHL.h N 1/2 boy myaanda/Bayaanda Bo—ngo.'/maaBo—ngo.' L-HL.h/LL- N 14/6+ brain Boongo/maaBoongo Tab. [Bo—nko] mhuśmba.' LHL.h N -/10 bran (seed husk or outer coating of cereals) mhuumba also [mapuśmba.'] cl. 6 mapuśmba.' L-LHL.h N -/6 bran (seed husk or outer coating of cereals) mapuumba also [mhuśmba.'] cl. 10 mahUźmb• L-LHH N -/6 bran: fermented mahUUmbI ita‡mb•/mata‡mb• L-LHH N 5/6 branch itaambI/mataambI -gimuś LLH A brave gimuu [igimuś] cl. 5; [BUgimuś] cl. 14 bravery -gima LL V brave: be, dare gima m`ga‡tŽ/miga‡tŽ L-LHH N 3/4 bread mgaate/migaate -BI•nz•ka LHHL V break (itr.) BIInzIka -BelŽka LHL V break (itr., of sth. brittle, e.g. calabash) Beleka -BI•nz‡ LHH V break (tr.) BIInza -Bel‡ LH V break (tr., sth. brittle, e.g. calabash) Bela -hog—la LHL V break off (with ease, as of maize cob or dry branch) hogola iBeŽle.'/maBeŽle.' L-LHL.h N 5/6 breast (of woman) iBeele/maBeele mUUyŽ/myUUyŽ L-LH N 3/4 breath mUUye/myUUye -esheema LLLL V breathe esheema brew (beer) see strain m`kologo/mikologo L-LLL N 3/4 brew: the whole quantity of one mkologo/mikologo m`to—lw‡ L-LHH N 1/2 bride mtoolwa MwIInga/BIInga L-LL N 1/2 bride MwIInga/BIInga BUkwi’ L-LH N 14/- bridewealth, payment of bridewealth BUkwii -kwa‡ LH V bridewealth: pay kwaa [kUkweŽla] appl. -leŽta LHL V bring leeta -eMheleja LLLL V bring about eMheleja [Isho sheŽMhelŽj‡g"••libUbź] (the matter) which has brought about the quarrel -shikIlIja LLLL V bring s.o. to his destination shikIlIja -lela LL V bring up (a child) lela see also respect -eMha LL V bring, bring along eMha broad see wide cheeyo/sheeyo LLL N 7/8 broom cheeyo/sheeyo pl. also [maacheeyo] 6+ brother see sibling m`seŽng’zana./BaseŽng’zana. L-LHHLL. N 1/2 brother"s child: a woman"s mseengizana/Baseengizana ndoB—/= LH N 9/10 bucket ndoBo/= mbogo—/= LLH N 9/10 buffalo mbogoo/= also [iBogo—/maBogo—] cl. 5/6 -zeenga LLL V build zeenga -zeengUla LLLL V build zeengUla nzag‡‡mba.'/= LHHL.h N 9/10 bull nzagaamba/= also [iyag‡‡mba.'/mayag‡‡mba.'] cl. 5/6 -Bak‡ LH V burn (itr.), shine (of sun, moon, lamp) Baka -Bach‡ LH V burn (sth.), light (fire) Bacha -deŽMh‡ LHH V burn well (of fire) deeMha -peŽmb‡ LHH V burn: put sth. on (i.e. into) the fire in order to peemba [kUpeŽmbŽl"UUmoot—] replenish the fire BUpeŽmbŽ L-LHH N 14/- burnt state BUpeembe [makwi g‡‡-BźpeŽmbŽ] burnt logs of firewood -jIIka LLL V bury jIIka -fukIIla LLLL V bury, cover the grave fukIIla mhoongo/= LLL N 9/10 bushbuck (Sw. pongo) mhoongo/= also [ipoongo/mapoongo] cl. 5/6 al’ LH I but ali [al"••shi] but ifiindo/mafiindo L-LLL N 5/6 buttock ifiindo/mafiindo Tab. idak—/madak— L-LH N 5/6 buttock, hip idako/madako -gUla LL V buy gUla m`gUzi/BagUzi L-LL N 1/2 buyer mgUzi/BagUzi -detŽla LHL V cackle detela nhaangala/= LLLL N 9/10 calabash (small) for putting medicine into nhaangala/= isaazi/masaazi L-LLL N 5/6 calabash bottle isaazi/masaazi Tab. nheŽndŽ/= LHH N 9/10 calabash for drinking nheende/= [iteŽndŽ] big calabash for drinking nsUh‡/= LH N 9/10 calabash, gourd nsUha/= sikoondo/vikoondo L-LLL N 7/8 calabash, gourd sikoondo/vikoondo Tab. itolo/matolo L-LL N 5/6 calabash, gourd itolo/matolo dim. [katolo/tUtolo] cl. 12/13 kIsaaBo/shisaaBo L-LLL N 7/8 calabash, gourd (for storing milk) kIsaaBo/shisaaBo ndama‡/= LLH N 9/10 calf (also young goat, sheep, or any herbivore) ndamaa/= dim. [kadama‡/tUdama‡] cl. 12/13 lUsakU/nsakU L-LL N 11/10 calf of leg lUsakU/nsakU salśta.'/= LHL.h N 9a/10a calf of leg saluta/= -it‡na LHL V call itana -to—ng——la LHHHL V call and praise (e.g. s.o. dead) toongoola -deŽk‡‡nś LHHHH A calm deekaanu [ndeŽk‡‡nś] cl. 9 -hol‡ LH V calm, peaceful: become, improve (of s.o."s health) hola -deŽkaana LHLLL V calm: become deekaana -koB—la LHL V can koBola -weeja LLL V can weeja cannon see beehive -pIIndUla LLLL V capsize, overturn pIIndUla cf. [kUpIInda] mo—doka.'/= LHLL.h N 9/10 car moodoka/= -deŽnhŽka LHHL V care for s.o. deenheka sag‡la.' LHL.h N 9a/- carelessness sagala used mainly adverbially carry see lift up -so—mb‡ LHH V carry (in a container) soomba [kUso—mb‡ nda] to become pregnant -heeka LLL V carry (on the back) heeka -taBa LL V carry on a pole (by two persons) taBa [midaala yaa-kUshit‡BIl"IIshiseme] poles with which to carry vessels -pUźnz‡ LHH V carve, sharpen (to a point); make wooden handle (as for hoe) pUUnza kŽesi./= HLL. N 9a/10a case (in court) keesi/= traditional case: see word muh—go.'/mih—go.' L-HL.h N 3/4 cassava muhogo/mihogo Na‡BU.'/= LHL.h N 9/10 cat NaaBU/= also [lIINa‡BU.'/maaNa‡BU.'] cl. 5+/6+ nso—ng—/= LHH N 9/10 cataract (disease of the eye) nsoongo/= -gwa‡sha LHL V catch in trap gwaasha ja‡nga.'/= LHL.h N 9a/10a caterpillar sp. (reddish) jaanga/= also [lIIja‡nga.'/maaja‡nga.'] cl. 5+/6+; to see it is a bad omen Moombe/= LLL N 9/10 cattle Moombe/= -hUgźka LHL V cautious: be, take precautions, be careful hUgUka -leBeŽ LLH A certain, some leBee [BaanhU BaleBeŽ] certain people, [haleBeŽ] at a certain place m`N—lolo.'/miN—lolo.' L-HLL.h N 3/4 chain mNololo/miNololo isUźmb•/masUźmb• L-LHH N 5/6 chair, stool isUUmbI/masUUmbI nswa‡k‡l‡/= LHHH N 9/10 chalk nswaakala/= waambś/= L-LH N 14; 9a/10a chameleon waambu/= also [lIIwaambś/maawaambś] cl. 5+/6+ ikal‡/makal‡ L-LH N 5/6 charcoal ikala/makala lUkag—/maalUkag— L-LH/LL- N 11/6+ charm lUkago/maalUkago -peeja LLL V chase off, drive away peeja cheap see light; see soft -ko—ng‡ LHH V cheat koonga see also deceive itam‡/matam‡ L-LH N 5/6 cheek itama/matama kIkuB‡/shikuB‡ L-LH N 7/8 chest kIkuBa/shikuBa -dakśna LHL V chew dakuna ngok—/= LH N 9/10 chicken ngoko/= also [igok—/magok—] cl. 5/6; Tab. [nkok—] chief see king Mwaan‡/Baan‡ L-LH N 1/2 child, son, daugther; child of sibling of same sex Mwaana/Baana kalezu/tUlezu L-LL N 12/13 chin kalezu/tUlezu also cl. 7/8; Tab. [kalevu] kIlezu/shilezu L-LL N 7/8 chin, beard kIlezu/shilezu also cl. 12/13; Tab. [kIlevu] -nija LL V choke s.o. nija also [kUniga] -niga LL V choke s.o. niga also [kUnija] -saagUla LLLL V choose saagUla igoongo/magoongo L-LLL N 5/6 clan igoongo/magoongo magaanza L-LLL N (5)/6 clapping (of hands) magaanza [kUtUl‡ m‡gaanza] to clap hands iBuśndś/maBuśndś L-LHH N 5/6 claw (as of lion) iBuundu/maBuundu clean see white ibaala/mabaala L-LLL N 5/6 clearing, open area ibaala/mabaala -Bal‡g‡nś LHHH A clever, active Balaganu [mbal‡g‡nś] cl. 9 -Bal‡gana LHLL V clever, active: be Balagana -li’na LHL V climb, go up (e.g. a tree, a hill) liina [n vv nh] -Um••la LHHL V cling, stick firmly, hold on tightly (to sth.) UmIIla -lugala LLL V close lugala Mweend‡/myeend‡ L-LH N 3/4 clothing, robe Mweenda/myeenda iluunde/maluunde L-LLL N 5/6 cloud, sky iluunde/maluunde nsa‡nzi.'/Baansa‡nzi.' LHL.h/LL- N 9/2+ co-father-in-law, i.e. the fathers of husband and wife nsaanzi/Baansaanzi m`to—zi MwiiyŽ/Bato—zi BiiyŽ LLHL LLH co-husband: his, i.e. husband of wife"s sister mtoozi Mwiiye/Batoozi Biiye [m`to—zi Mwi’chaanŽ/m`to—zi Mwiiy—] my/your co-husband waaBUkźlU.'/BaawaaBUkźlU.' LLLHL.h/LL- N 1a/2+ co-mother-in-law, i.e. the mothers of husband and wife waaBUkUlU/BaawaaBUkUlU Suk. m`to—lw‡ MwiiyŽ/Bato—lw‡ BiiyŽ LLHH LLH co-wife: her mtoolwa Mwiiye/Batoolwa Biiye [m`to—lw‡ Mwi’chaanŽ/m`to—lw‡ Mwiiy—] my/your co-wife makal‡ g‡‡-m‡we LLH HH-HL coal makala gaa-mawe lit. charcoal of stones -gak‡yU.' LHL.h A coarse, rough (of texture) gakayU -gak‡yUka LHLL V coarse, rough: become (of texture) gakayUka MhoB—k—/= LHH N 9/10 cobra MhoBoko/= also [ikoB—k—/makoB—k—] cl. 5/6 nswI•la.'/= LHL.h N 9/10 cobra: spitting nswIIla/= also [iswI•la.'/maswI•la.'] cl. 5/6 MhUźngźlźmŽ/= LHHHH N 9/10 cock MhUUngUlUme/= also [ikUźngźlźmŽ/makUźngźlźmŽ] cl. 5/6 gUUgUl’igUU LLLHLLL I cock-a-doodle-doo gUUgUliigUU -gilUla LLL V code: inappropriately not using the special night gilUla when out at night, a special code has to be used, e.g. "bull" instead of "lion", "cat" instead of "leopard", "rope" instead of "snake", "needle" instead of "thorn" -nedekś LLH A cold nedeku [miinz• m‡nedekś] cold water -nedeka LLL V cold: become nedeka mbeh— LH N 9/- coldness (of weather) mbeho -kum’’nga LHHL V collect, gather (e.g. fruit) kumiinga see also come -iza LL V come iza imperative: [zUźgź/zUźg’]; [kwiizIla] come to collect sth. zUźgź/zUźg’ LHH come zUUgU/zUUgi irregular imperative < [-iza] come -fum••la LHHL V come from fumIIla see go or come out -izIIla LLLL V come from or towards swh. izIIla -fum‡ LH V come out, go out, come from, appear fuma come: not see not go -semŽja LHL V command, give an order semeja ngo—sha.' LHL.h/L- N 1a/- companion, fellow (man) ngoosha see also [m`go—sha.'] 1/2 man MwiiyŽ/BiiyŽ L-LH N 1/2 companion, fellow, friend: his or her Mwiiye/Biiye [Mwi’chaanŽ/Bi’chaanŽ] my friend(s); [Mwiiy—/Biiy—] your (sg.) friend(s); [Mwi’giisś/Bi’giisś] our friend(s); [Mwi’chiinś/Bi’chiinś] your (pl.) friend(s); [Mwi’chaaB—/Bi’chaaB—] their friend(s) m`kal•/Bakal• L-LH N 1/2 companion, junior relative mkalI/BakalI -idśgśma L-HHL V refl complain iduguma -timIlIja LLLL V complete (sth.) timIlIja -timIla LLL V complete: become timIla -lIInga LLL V compose (words and music of songs) lIInga [m`lIIngi] cl. 1/2 composer -taBaNa LLL V confuse s.o. taBaNa [akataBaNiwa] he was confused kataBaNa/BaakataBaNa LLLL/LL- N 1a/2+ confuses: s.o. who kataBaNa/BaakataBaNa ndomeelo LLLL N 9/10 conversation ndomeelo nsUźsź/= LHH N 9/10 conversation nsUUsU/= -zug‡ LH V cook zuga (Tab.: cook and stir [BUgalI]) -deŽka LHL V cook deeka Tab. -Iga LL V cook (normally thin porridge - Sw. uji) Iga if’ga.'/maf’ga.' L-HL.h N 5/6 cooking stones ifiga/mafiga izug•lo./mazug•lo. L-LHL. N 5/6 cooking: place for izugIlo/mazugIlo -fuka LL V cool down, become healthy fuka -pol‡ LH V cool off, become cold (of sth. warm or hot) pola BUpozś L-LH N 14/- coolness BUpozu sh‡ba.' HL.h N 9a/- copper shaba isaB‡ L-LH N 5/- copper isaBa m`laambo/milaambo L-LLL N 3/4 corpse mlaambo/milaambo ib‡ati./mab‡ati. L-HLL. N 5/6 corrugated iron (galvanized sheets used for roofing) ibaati/mabaati Suk. [iB‡adi/maB‡adi] cl. 5/6 BUlUBa L-LL N 14/- cotton BUlUBa kIkol—lo.'/shikol—lo.' L-LHL.h N 7/8 cough kIkololo/shikololo -kol—la LHL V cough kolola -loonja LLL V counsel: give good loonja -Bala LL V count Bala m`gaBeŽ/BagaBeŽ L-LLH N 1/2 court official mgaBee/BagaBee m`gaBa‡M—m‡/BagaBa‡M—m‡ L-LLHHH N 1/2 court official mgaBaaMoma/BagaBaaMoma m`tw‡ale./Batw‡ale. L-HLL. N 1/2 court official (the king"s principal advisor and executive assistant) mtwaale/Batwaale waan‡‡ngwa.' L-LHHL.h N 14/- court or authority of [Mwaan‡‡ngwa] ruler waanaangwa ikUlź/makUlź L-LH N 5/6 court: king"s ikUlU/makUlU m`ni’kUlU.'/Bani’kUlU.' L-LHLL.h N 1/2 court: person living at the king"s mniikUlU/BaniikUlU m`Bya‡la.'/BaBya‡la.' L-LHL.h N 1/2 cousin: cross- mByaala/BaByaala see also sibling -kuumba LLL V cover (as with blanket) kuumba -kuśnd•kIja LHHLL V cover (put a cover or lid on sth.) kuundIkIja -kuśnd•kIla LHHLL V cover (put a cover or lid on sth.) kuundIkIla ikuśnd•kIjo./makuśnd•kIjo. L-LHHLL. N 5/6 cover, lid ikuundIkIjo/makuundIkIjo ikuśnd•kIlo./makuśnd•kIlo. L-LHHLL. N 5/6 cover, lid ikuundIkIlo/makuundIkIlo -gub•ka LHL V cover, put on a lid gubIka -gub‡ LH V cover, put on a lid guba Tab. mbog—ma.'/= LHL.h N 9/10 cow mbogoma/= Naambo/= LLL N 9/10 cow: healthy Naambo/= Mhala/= LL N 9/10 crab Mhala/= also [ikala/makala] cl. 5/6; Tab. igegŽlŽhy‡/magegŽlŽhy‡ L-LHHH N 5/6 crab igegelehya/magegelehya m`lala/milala L-LL N 3/4 crack mlala/milala -sazi LL A crazy sazi [isazi] cl. 5 -peela Mweel’ LLL LLH crazy: become peela Mweeli lit. run west -sala LL V crazy: become sala -tuśnd‡ LHH V create tuunda -sUźmb‡ LHH V create sUUmba see also mould; see also make matuśnda.'/Baamatuśnda.' LLHL.h/LL- N 1a/2+ creator matuunda/Baamatuunda m`sUźmb’/BasUźmb’ L-LHH N 1/2 creator msUUmbi/BasUUmbi m`tuśnd’/batuśnd’ L-LHH N 1/2 creator mtuundi/batuundi yaw‡‡ne.' LHHL.h N 9a/- creature: large and dangerous yawaane also [lIIyaw‡‡ne.'/maayaw‡‡ne.'] cl. 5+/6+ nho—l——l—/= LHHHH N 9/10 cricket nhooloolo/= m`lem‡‡zi./Balem‡‡zi. L-LHHL. N 1/2 cripple mlemaazi/Balemaazi m`lem‡‡zś/Balem‡‡zś L-LHHH N 1/2 cripple mlemaazu/Balemaazu -lem‡‡la LHHL V crippled or maimed: be lemaala maamba/= LLL N 9/10 crocodile maamba/= Mwiina/= LLL N 9/10 crocodile Mwiina/= Tab. [ngweena] cl. 9/10 isogejo/masogejo L-LLL N 5/6 crop (of bird) isogejo/masogejo -kIl‡ LH V cross (road, river), surpass kIla cha‡w•/= LHH N 9a/10a cross-country (not following any path) chaawI/= -hIl‡ LH V crow (of cock) hIla ngUkźlź/= LHH N 9/10 crust (Sw. ukoko) ngUkUlU/= igUkźlź/magUkźlź L-LHH N 5/6 crust of food baked to the inside of the cooking pot igUkUlU/magUkUlU -Mo—la LHL V cry (make a heavy sound, of pain or distress, or of steam engine) Moola -lIla LL V cry (with tears; of animals) lIla -lIlaalIla LLLLL V cry a little, whimper lIlaalIla -ana LL V cry, shout (expressing sorrow) ana li’mbe.'/= LHL.h N 9a/10a cucumber (Sw. tango) liimbe/= also [lIIli’mbe.'/maali’mbe.'] cl. 5+/6+ cultivate see farm -laaBa LLL V cultivate a small, personal plot laaBa -lImUka LLL V cultivate for a whole season lImUka cf. [kUlIma] ig—po./mag—po. L-HL. N 5/6 cup (of metal), tin igopo/magopo cure see heal, see treat -lahIlIja LLLL V curse lahIlIja -but‡ LH V cut (big things, e.g. trees) buta -seŽna LHL V cut (firewood) seena [kUseŽnaa Mhwi’] to cut or split firewood -tem‡ LH V cut (with sharp instrument); become bitter; rule, reign tema -muula LLL V cut grass muula -geŽMh‡ LHH V cut hair geeMha [m`geŽMh’] cl. 1/2 n. ag. -palźla LHL V cut hair (all the hair) palUla [m`palźzi] cl. 1/2 n. ag. -tIn‡gUla LHLL V cut into small pieces (sth. flexible, such as string or rope) tInagUla -but‡gUla LHLL V cut into small pieces (sth. stiff, such as wood) butagUla -bud•ka LHL V cut off: be, break off (of sth. which is being cut) budIka cf. [kUbut‡] -at‡ LH V cut s.o. with sharp instrument ata -tIn‡ LH V cut, chop tIna -cheemba LLL V cut, cut off pieces or slices cheemba -negula LLL V dance negula Tab.; [m`neguzi] cl. 1/2 n. ag. -funa LL V dance funa Tab. -Bin‡ LH V dance Bina mbin‡/= LH N 9/10 dance mbina/= shi L I dare you (challenging) shi [zUźg’ shi] come if you dare! -il‡Bźzś LHHH A dark (of complexion) ilaBUzu -il‡BUla LHLL V dark: become ilaBUla [hayźźyil‡BUla] it is getting dark; [yiil‡BUlaga p’i] it has become pitch-dark giit’ LLH N 9a/- darkness giiti daughter see child m`ka‡Mwaan‡/Baka‡Mwaan‡ L-LHLLH N 1/2 daughter-in-law mkaaMwaana/BakaaMwaana day (daytime) see sun lwi’sI.'/maalwi’sI.' L-HL.h/LL- N 11/6+ day (of 24 hours) lwiisI/maalwiisI [lwi’sI w‡‡-lwi’sI] some/one day lUsh’kU.'/nshikź L-HL.h/LH N 11/10 day (of 24 hours; counting unit) lUshikU/nshikU different tone for sg./pl.; [nshikź j——se] always waang‡lźkŽ L-LHHH N 14/- day: the next waangalUke m`yagi/Bayagi L-LL N 1/2 dead person myagi/Bayagi [m`yagi mbat•] the late so-and-so m`fuś/Bafuś L-LH N 1/2 dead person mfuu/Bafuu (less common than [m`yagi]) nch’Ba.'/Baanch’Ba.' HL.h/LL- N 1a/2+ deaf person nchiBa/BaanchiBa [nch’Ba m‡twi] deaf person; [lIInch’Ba.'] deaf animal lUfuś/maalUfuś L-LH/LL- N 11/6+ death lUfuu/maalUfuu mfa‡B‡‡nhź LHHHH N 9/(10) death (in the family), bereavement mfaaBaanhU m`saango/misaango L-LLL N 3/4 debt msaango/misaango -lUlźźngaNa LHHLL V deceive, cheat lUlUUngaNa see also cheat BUlUlźźng‡N‡/ndUlźźng‡N‡ L-LHHHH N 14/10 deception BUlUlUUngaNa/ndUlUUngaNa -pa‡mb‡ LHH V decorate paamba -pUźngźla LHHL V decrease (itr.), become less pUUngUla [-pUźngźja] decrease (tr.) -do—ha LHL V decrease, become less dooha -shihś LH A deep shihu -shimś LH A deep shimu -Na L V defecate Na [kUNeela] appl. kaag—l—/tUUg—l— LL-HH N 12+/13+ defect, shortcoming, blemish kaagolo/tUUgolo -dIIja LLL V delay s.o., keep s.o. staying longer dIIja -goonga LLL V demand goonga depart see leave MhUźmbś/= LHH N 9/10 desire, longing, fondness (Sw. hamu) MhUUmbu/= -BeŽngŽleja LHHLL V despise, look down upon Beengeleja lUme L-L N 11/- dew lUme lUsaangU L-LLL N 11/- dew lUsaangU Tab. -fa‡ LH V die faa [kUfa‡ nson’] to be ashamed; [kUfI•la] appl.; Tab. [-fwa‡] -gulaala LLLL V die gulaala -gaya LL V die gaya difficult see hard -lemeela LLLL V difficult: be too lemeela -sIImba LLL V dig sIImba [kUsIImbIla nuśmba] dig holes for putting the poles for a house -jUUla LLL V dig up (sth. heavy) jUUla sUBźy‡/= LHH N 9/10 dikdik sUBUya/= -sUBya LL V dilute, become diluted .. sUBya [alIIgasźBy"aamako—mba] she is diluting the gruel; [amako—mba g‡sźBijŽ] the gruel has become diluted mako— L-LH N -/6 dirt makoo [Mweend‡ gw‡‡-m‡ko—] a dirty cloth -im‡nIla L-HLL V refl discover, come to know (an event) imanIla disease see sickness -taligUla LLLL V disentangle, free from snare taligUla -twi’na LHL V dive twiina -gaBa LL V divide gaBa -gaBUla LLL V divide, partition (for others) gaBUla BUshiimbe L-LLL N 14/- divorced woman or widow: state of being a BUshiimbe m`shiimbe/Bashiimbe L-LLL N 1/2 divorced woman, widow mshiimbe/Bashiimbe also cl. 5/6; [kUpeela mashiimbe] to run away from one"s husband -It‡ LH V do Ita m`fumś/Bafumś L-LH N 1/2 doctor (traditional) mfumu/Bafumu m`lagUzi/BalagUzi L-LLL N 1/2 doctor, s.o. who treats patients mlagUzi/BalagUzi mbwa‡/= LH N 9/10 dog mbwaa/= also [iwa‡/mawa‡] cl. 5/6 -saBa LL V domesticate, keep livestock, become rich saBa [mayUk• g‡kas‡Bagw‡] bees are not domesticated; [kUsaBa Moombe] to own cattle nzoBŽ/= LH N 9/10 donkey nzoBe/= also [iyoBŽ/mayoBŽ] cl. 5/6 m`zigo/mizigo L-LL N 3/4 door mzigo/mizigo m`lyaango/milyaango L-LLL N 3/4 door mlyaango/milyaango liigI/maaliigI L-LL/LL- N 5/6 door, gate, entrance to the homestead (or the closing structure) liigI/maaliigI -ton‡ LH V dot (make dots); slaughter in honour of a visitor; select the good, edible leaves from salad or vegetable tona -tiBIzś LLH A down-going (of ground, and then up again) tiBIzu -deema LLL V down: be bent (as of branch), alight (of bird in flight) deema -tiBIla LLL V down: go (of ground) tiBIla -ol‡ LH V draw lines on a surface ola [alIIlyo—l"••ligelŽlŽ] or [alool"źźkwiigelŽlŽ] he is drawing lines on the wall -ol‡gUla LHLL V draw many lines olagUla -dah‡ LH V draw water, scoop up (liquid, grain) daha appl. [kUdah•laa ndoB—] to draw water with a pail -lo—ta LHL V dream loota kIlo—t’/shilo—t’ L-LHH N 7/8 dream kIlooti/shilooti -zwa‡la LHL V dress (oneself), wear zwaala -zwI•ka LHL V dress (s.o.) zwIIka -Utźla LHL V dress a wound (wash wound with hot water and apply medicine) UtUla -begŽsa LHL V drill, bore, twirl begesa -Mwa‡ LH V drink Mwaa [kUMweŽla] appl. -hulutIja LLLL V drink heavily hulutIja -bUUta LLL V drink or eat (thick liquid such as gruel; with sucking sound) bUUta -twi’na LHL V drip, leak (as rain water or a roof) twiina [miinz• gal••twi’na] water is dripping down; [nuśmba y•lIItwi’na] the house (i.e. roof) is leaking -did’mIla LHLL V drown didimIla Moma/= LL N 9/10 drum Moma/= Tab. [ngoma] ifip‡/mafip‡ L-LH N 5/6 drum (big round container from metal) ifipa/mafipa m`z’ki.'/miz’ki.' L-HL.h N 3/4 drum: big bass mziki/miziki -kolw‡ LH V drunk: become kolwa -kol‡ LH V drunk: make, intoxicate kola -kazś LH A dry kazu (less common than [-Umś]) -Umś LH A dry Umu [NUUmś] cl. 9/10 -Um‡ LH V dry (itr.) Uma [-Umy‡] dry (tr.); [-Um•ka] dry (tr.) yw‡ H I dry and hard ywa kIpwa‡/shipwa‡ L-LH N 7/8 dry season kIpwaa/shipwaa -kam‡ LH V dry up, lose water (as of well, or pot while cooking) kama -kal‡ LH V dry: become (as when a drum gains its normal pitch after being warmed up in the sun or by a fire) kala -Naala LLL V dry: become (of green vegetables), heal (of wound) Naala mbaata/= LLL N 9/10 duck mbaata/= -mumś LH A dumb mumu Nakay——mba.'/BaaNakay——mba.' LLHHL.h/LL- N 1a/2+ dumb Nakayoomba/BaaNakayoomba lit. s.o. who does not speak kapIIndIpIIndI L-LLLLLL N 12/- dusk, just after sunset kapIIndIpIIndI lUBuśBś/maalUBuśBś L-LHH/LL- N 11/6+ dust lUBuuBu/maalUBuuBu inaanda‡/manaanda‡ L-LLLH N 5/6 eagle (Sw. tai) inaandaa/manaandaa itwi’/matwi’ L-LH N 5/6 ear itwii/matwii Nam`ditimya/= LLLLL N 9/10 earthquake Namditimya/= also [lIINam`ditimya/maaNam`ditimya] cl. 5+/6+ NahI•nga.' LLHL.h N 9/- earthquake; god, creator NahIInga used in class 1a when referring to god kI•ya.' LHL.h N 9a/- east kIIya [kUkI•ya y‡‡-nhoBola] east of Tabora easy see light; see soft -lya‡ LH V eat lyaa [kUlI•la m`-nuśngU] to eat out of a pot; [kUlI•laa Nama] to eat (the staple food) together with meat -BonŽka LHL V eat, have a meal Boneka igI•/magI• L-LH N 5/6 egg igII/magII nhole/= LL N 9/10 eggplant (white, small) nhole/= m`na‡nŽ L-LHH N 3/- eight mnaane mboku/= LL N 9/10 eland antelope (Sw. pofu) mboku/= niimba/= LLL N 9/10 eland antelope (Sw. pofu) niimba/= igo—koola.'/mago—koola.' L-LHLLL.h N 5/6 elbow igookoola/magookoola [g vv k] mhUlI/= LL N 9/10 elephant mhUlI/= nzovu/= LL N 9/10 elephant nzovu/= Tab. iteŽndŽ/mateŽndŽ L-LHH N 5/6 elephantiasis, leg that is swollen because of elephantiasis iteende/mateende -kuśmb‡tIla LHHLL V embrace (a person) kuumbatIla -Buśng‡tIla LHHLL V embrace, take into one"s arms BuungatIla -dUhUź LLH A empty dUhUU lUgUtź/maalUgUtź L-LH/LL- N 11/6+ enclosure for keeping animals, byre, cowshed lUgUtU/maalUgUtU lUBIgIlI/mbIgIlI L-LLL N 11/10 enclosure for keeping animals, byre, cowshed lUBIgIlI/mbIgIlI Mhal•kIlo. LHLL. N 9/- end [.. Mhal•kIlo] the last dog MhalIkIlo [Mhal•kIlo yaa-weeleelo] the end of the world; [mbwa y‡‡-..] nsote/= LL N 9/10 end point (as of pencil or rope) nsote/= -pel‡ LH V end, come to an end (itr.) pela Tab. -lUźnj‡ LHH V engage s.o. (especially in marriage) lUUnja [m`lUźnj‡ vv m`lUźnz’] cl. 1/2 n. ag. -to—sha LHL V enough: be toosha -taliga LLL V entangle taliga -ing•la LHL V enter ingIla -leenganIla LLLLL V equal: be leenganIla -Im•lIka LHLL V erect ImIlIka -pUlUgUka LLLL V escape pUlUgUka -pIla LL V escape from danger, recover, get well pIla caus. [-pIja] -gemeela LLLL V estimate, calculate gemeela in‡la.'/man‡la.' L-HL.h N 5/6 euphorbia (? - plant with white, poisonous sap) inala/manala BUl‡ya.' L-HL.h N 14/- Europe BUlaya niinga‡ LLLH I even, at least niingaa [niing‡ BeeBŽ] even you mhIIndI LLL N 9/- evening mhIIndI [lIImi ly‡‡-mh••ndI] late afternoon, when the sun is low mapIIndI L-LLL N -/6 evening: time or period of mapIIndI k•la.' HL.h I every, each kIla [k•!l‡ MweŽne] everyone; [k•la m'ya‡nda] every young man BUl• LH I every, each BUlI [BUl• MweŽne] everyone; [BUl• k••nhU] everything -Bay‡ LH A evil, bad Baya [mbay‡] cl. 9 maafi’ LL-LH N -/6 excrement, faeces maafii [tUUfi’] 13 a bit of excrement; note long vowel of NPx -deduś LLH A exhausted, tired, weak deduu -deda LL V exhausted, weak: be deda -loma LL V expect, intend, hope (to do) loma expensive see hard -zim‡ LH V extinguish (itr.) zima -zimy‡ LH V extinguish (tr.) zimya liis—/miis— L-LH N 5/6 eye liiso/miiso mbon’ LH N -/10 eyebrows mboni lUgohŽ/ngohŽ L-LH N 11/10 eyelash lUgohe/ngohe BUshUź/maaBUshUź L-LH/LL- N 14/6+ face BUshUU/maaBUshUU Tab. [BUsyUź] fail see surpass -lemeelwa LLLL V fail, be unable lemeelwa -gwa L V fall gwa [kUgwIIla] appl. mata LL I falling (as raindrops on the roof) mata [kUgwa mata mata] pśu HL I falling heavily on hard ground, pounding puu -kumźźkś LHHH A famous kumUUku -kumźźka LHHL V famous, well-known: become kumUUka -kumźźcha LHHL V famous, well-known: make kumUUcha kUle LL I far kUle [kUle na-(ha)kaay‡] far from home; [kaakUle] quite far -daahya LLL V farewell: bid daahya m`gUUnda/migUUnda L-LLL N 3/4 farm (presently under cultivation) mgUUnda/migUUnda -il•mIlIja L-HLLL V refl farm in the employment of s.o. else ilImIlIja Mwiil•mIl•j‡/Biil•mIl•j‡ L-LHLHH N 1/2 farm labourer MwiilImIlIja/BiilImIlIja ila‡lŽ/mala‡lŽ L-LHH N 5/6 farm, field ilaale/malaale -lIma LL V farm, hoe, cultivate lIma m`lImi/BalImi L-LL N 1/2 farmer mlImi/BalImi MwI•ga.'/myI•ga.' L-HL.h N 3/4 fastness (at running), speed MwIIga/myIIga fat see oil fat see thick -gIna LL V fat: become gIna nsŽ m`h‡Na/BaasŽ Bah‡Na H LHL/LL- father"s elder brother: his/her nse mhaNa/Baase BahaNa Ba‡Ba m`h‡Na/BaaBa‡Ba Bah‡Na LHL LHL/LL- father"s elder brother: my BaaBa mhaNa/BaaBaaBa BahaNa ns— m`h‡Na/Baas— Bah‡Na H LHL/LL- father"s elder brother: your (sg.) nso mhaNa/Baaso BahaNa seŽngi.'/BaaseŽngi.' LHL.h/LL- N 1a/2+ father"s sister seengi/Baaseengi nse m'do.'/Baase B‡do.' L HL.h/LL- father"s younger brother: his/her nse mdo/Baase Bado Ba‡Ba m'do.'/BaaBa‡Ba B‡do.' LHL HL.h/LL- father"s younger brother: my BaaBa mdo/BaaBaaBa Bado nso m'do.'/Baaso B‡do.' L HL.h/LL- father"s younger brother: your (sg.) nso mdo/Baaso Bado m`kwi’ngwa.'/Bakwi’ngwa.' L-LHL.h N 1/2 father-in-law, the most senior member of wife"s family mkwiingwa/Bakwiingwa Ba‡Ba Bźkwi/BaaBa‡Ba Bźkwi LHL-HL/LL- father-in-law: my, the most senior member of my wife"s family BaaBa BUkwi/BaaBaaBa BUkwi lit. father-bridewealth nseŽ/BaaseŽ LH/LL- N 9/2+0 father: his/her nsee/Baasee Ba‡Ba.'/BaaBa‡Ba.' LHL.h/LL- N 1a/2+ father: my BaaBa/BaaBaaBa also used to address son and other non-teasing male relatives da‡da.'/Baada‡da.' LHL.h/LL- N 1a/2+ father: my daada/Baadaada used mainly by children shi’swŽ/Baashi’swŽ LHH/LL- N 1a/2+ father: our shiiswe/Baashiiswe sa‡B—/Baasa‡B— LHH/LL- N 1a/2+ father: their saaBo/BaasaaBo shi’MwŽ/Baashi’MwŽ LHH/LL- N 1a/2+ father: your (pl.) shiiMwe/BaashiiMwe nso—/Baaso— LH/LL- N 9/2+0 father: your (sg.) nsoo/Baasoo BUnog—le.'/maaBUnog—le.' L-LHL.h/LL- N 14/6+ fatigue BUnogole/maaBUnogole BooB‡ L-LH N 14/- fear BooBa [maaBooB‡] cl. 6+ attacks of fear -og—ha LHL V fear ogoha -oB‡ LH A fearful, cowardly oBa [NooB‡] cl. 9 looya‡/nzoya‡ L-LLH N 11/10 feather looyaa/nzoyaa mheŽla.'/= LHL.h N 9/10 fee mheela/= -guma LL V fell guma Tab. ig’ta.'/mag’ta.' L-HL.h N 5/6 fence igita/magita -kilima LLL V fence in, make an enclosure kilima -git‡ LH V fence: make a gita -anj‡ LH V fend off, parry (a blow) anja Mwiisśg’/Biisśg’ L-LHH N 1/2 fends for himself: s.o. who Mwiisugi/Biisugi -BUźkIja LHLL V ferment bran (of maize, when preparing beer) BUUkIja [IkIsem"IIcho wa‡BźźkIgIjaga] the vessel you used for fermenting -gaasa LLL V ferment slowly, spoil, go bad gaasa -gaasś LLH A fermented, spoiled (of food) gaasu -fukuś LLH A fertile, wet (of land) fukuu -dah••la LHHL V fetch water (bringing it swh.) dahIIla [kUdah••la miinz• h‡kaay‡] to fetch water and bring it home h—oma./= HLL. N 9a/10a fever hooma/= see also become hot -geŽhś LHH A few geehu [myeend‡ m’geŽhś] few cloths; see also small itoongo/matoongo L-LLL N 5/6 field on abandoned homestead itoongo/matoongo -ikŽNa L-HL V refl fight ikeNa -ok‡ja LHL V fill okaja -fulIIla LLLL V fill a ditch or hole in the ground, cover with soil fulIIla -Bisźla LHL V find (out) sth. hidden BisUla -paandIka LLLL V find, manage to get, obtain paandIka [h—oma yaam'paandIkaga] he got a (bad) fever masumźlŽ L-LHH N -/6 fine, imposed penalty masumUle [kUli’wa masumźlŽ] to be fined; [kUlya m‡sumźlŽ] to be awarded the payment of a fine lwaal‡/maal‡ L-LH N 11/6 finger, toe lwaala/maala [maal‡ (g‡‡-m‡gUlU)] toes lUzal‡/nzal‡ L-LH N 11/10 fingernail lUzala/nzala -malIIla LLLL V finish completely (tr.) malIIla -shil‡ LH V finish, end (itr.) shila -mala LL V finish, end (tr. and itr.) mala see also stop sweŽ LH I finished completely swee fśu HL I finished completely fuu sweŽlu LHL I finished completely sweelu moot—/myoot— L-LH N 3/4 fire mooto/myooto BUpI• L-LH N 14/- fire: bush BUpII -Big’sa LHL V fire: make (with stick) Bigisa kaanzimi’nzim’/tUUnzimi’nzim’ LL-LLHLH N 12+/13+ firefly kaanzimiinzimi/tUUnzimiinzimi Tab., fam. ka‡muśngwe.'/tUUka‡muśngwe.' LH-LHL.h/LL- N 12+/13+ firefly kaamuungwe/tUUkaamuungwe pl. also [tUźmuśngwe.'] cl. 13+ lUkwi’/Mhwi’ L-LH N 11/10 firewood lUkwii/Mhwii kwaandya L-LL N 15/- first kwaandya used in connexive: [mbwa y‡‡-kwaandya] the first dog mbele-n‡‡-mbŽlŽ LLHHHH N 9/- first of all, first (of a small, ordered set) mbele-naa-mbele used in connexive: [Mwaan‡ w‡‡-mbele-n‡‡-mbŽlŽ] first-born child mbŽla.' HL.h N 9/- first: at mbela nso—mba.'/= LHL.h N 9/10 fish nsoomba/= nsam‡aki./= LHLL. N 9/10 fish nsamaaki/= -zuBa LL V fish zuBa -loBa LL V fish (with hook and line) loBa Suk. m`zuBi/BazuBi L-LL N 1/2 fisherman mzuBi/BazuBi ndoB‡no.'/= LHL.h N 9/10 fishhook ndoBano/= ikuunzi’/makuunzi’ L-LLLH N 5/6 fist ikuunzii/makuunzii -gelan•zś LLHH A fitting (in size) gelanIzu -gelanIla LLLL V fitting (in size): become gelanIla nha‡no.' LHL.h N 9/- five nhaano used for counting without reference to any specific object -t‡‡no.' HHL.h P NUM five taano [nzIla it‡‡no] five paths -lIIngan•zś LLLHH A flat, smooth (of surface) lIInganIzu -lIInganIla LLLLL V flat, smooth: become (of surface) lIInganIla igino/magino L-LL N 5/6 flea igino/magino -eleela LLLL V float eleela BUsu L-L N 14/- flour BUsu [maaBUsu] cl. 6+ sorts of flour BUfuma L-LL N 14/- flour BUfuma Tab. BUmela L-LL N 14/- flour (from pre-germinated cereal) BUmela iśwa.'/maśwa.' L-HL.h N 5/6 flower iuwa/mauwa il‡BU.'/mal‡BU.' L-HL.h N 5/6 flower ilaBU/malaBU BUl‡BU.' L-HL.h N 14/- flowers (coll.) BUlaBU -lal‡ LH V fly lala ngi’/= LH N 9/10 fly ngii/= also [igi’/magi’] cl. 5/6 isaazi/masaazi L-LLL N 5/6 fly isaazi/masaazi Tab. iful—/maful— L-LH N 5/6 foam ifulo/mafulo ikUźngźkź/makUźngźkź L-LHHH N 5/6 fog ikUUngUkU/makUUngUkU -loonda LLL V follow loonda [kUloondela] follow by means of (e.g. dog) -loondeja LLLL V follow s.o. in order to catch up with him loondeja -loondeela LLLLL V follow s.o. with keen interest loondeela shilI•w‡ L-LHH N -/8 food shilIIwa lUpa‡mb‡l‡/mha‡mb‡l‡ L-LHHH N 11/10 foot, sole, footprint lUpaambala/mhaambala footprint see foot, see sole, see trace -lemeja LLL V forbid lemeja ipo—lś/mapo—lś L-LHH N 5/6 forest ipoolu/mapoolu BUl•k— LHH I forever, for good BUlIko -sul‡ LH V forge sula -IBa LL V forget IBa wa‡ne.' LHL.h N 9a/- four waane used for counting without reference to any specific object -ne (H)L P NUM four ne [nzIla ’ne] four paths fresh see wet -la‡la.' LHL.h A fresh: not laalaa m`nwa‡ni./Banwa‡ni. L-LHL. N 1/2 friend mnwaani/Banwaani -nwa‡na LHL V friendly: become, become well-mixed (of food, conversation) nwaana -inw‡‡Na L-HHL V refl friends: become inwaaNa -ka‡ng‡ LHH V frighten (teasingly, without intent to harm) kaanga -og—hya LHL V frighten, threaten ogohya -gak‡n‡zś LHHH A frightening gakanazu -gak‡nala LHLL V frightening: be gakanala chUUla‡/= LLLH N 9a/10a frog, toad chUUlaa/= also [lIIchUUla‡/maachUUla‡] cl. 5+/6+ kwIIngIIla L-LLLL N 15/- from kwIIngIIla [ah"UUl’’za kwIIngIIla kU-pśgu] when you were coming from Pugu mbele LL N 9/- front mbele [kUUmbele yaa-nuśmba] in front of the house BUto—ng’ L-LHH N 14/- front BUtoongi [kUBUto—ng’ w‡‡-nuśmba] in front of the house kIsumo/shisumo L-LL N 7/8 fruit kIsumo/shisumo also [lIIkIsumo/maashisumo] cl. 5+7/6+8 ikuśwa.'/makuśwa.' L-LHL.h N 5/6 fruit of wild tree (edible) ikuuwa/makuuwa -kal‡‡nga LHHL V fry kalaanga p‡ H I full pa -ok‡la LHL V full: become okala Mhi’nda.' LHL.h N 9/- full: not Mhiinda -suma LL V gain, make profit, accumulate wealth suma [m`sumi] cl. 1/2 bread winner ndUlIla/= LLL N 9/10 gall, gallbladder ndUlIla/= nsha‡/= LH N 9/10 gazelle nshaa/= also [isha‡/masha‡] cl. 5/6 laala‡/= LLLH N 9a/10a gazelle: Thomson"s (Sw. paa) laalaa/= -bata LL V get bata see also find nhwiiga/= LLL N 9/10 giraffe nhwiiga/= Mwa‡nikI.'/Ba‡nikI.' L-HLL.h N 1/2 girl MwaanikI/BaanikI m`Nhya‡/BaNhya‡ L-LH N 1/2 girl (after puberty) mNhyaa/BaNhyaa -fuN‡ LH V give (away sth.) fuNa -pa‡ LH V give (to s.o.) paa -iMh‡ LH V give (to s.o.) iMha [kwiiy’’Mh‡ m‡kon—] to shake hands -peŽla LHL V give as a fee for sth. peela appl. < [-pa‡] -shooloma LLLL V glide, slide shooloma -shUUna LLL V gnaw (as of monkey or hyena) shUUna -gegŽna LHL V gnaw (as when eating maize from the cob) gegena -ja L V go ja Tab. [kUya] -ika LL V go down ika -to—ng‡ LHH V go in front, go ahead toonga [kUto—ngŽla] go in front of others, lead -jIIla LLL V go to fetch s.o., go by (instrument), go because of (reason) jIIla appl. < [-ja] -kIj‡ LH V go: not, not come kIja mbUl’/= LH N 9/10 goat, she-goat mbUli/= also [iBUl’/maBUl’] cl. 5/6 kUźBe.' LHL.h N 5a/- god kUUBe god see world, see earthquake Naangasa LLLL N 5a/- god Naangasa zah‡abu./maazah‡abu. LHLL./LL- N 9a/6+ gold zahaabu/maazahaabu -iza LL A good iza Suk. -ful‡ LH A good fula -sog‡ LH A good, beautiful soga [shisog‡] well (used adverbially) -BeŽla LHL V good: be, be nice, be beautiful Beela gourd see calabash -viga LL V grab viga Mwiizźkźlź/Biizźkźlź L-LHHH N 1/2 grandchild MwiizUkUlU/BiizUkUlU gUźkU.'/BaagUźkU.' LHL.h/LL- N 1a/2+ grandfather, brother of grandfather or grandmother gUUkU/BaagUUkU ma‡ma.'/Baama‡ma.' LHL.h/LL- N 1a/2+ grandmother maama/Baamaama iswa/maswa L-L N 5/6 grass iswa/maswa ipalala/mapalala L-LLL N 5/6 grass or leaves: dry ipalala/mapalala -lamIlIja LLLL V grateful: be lamIlIja kaBśli./maakaBśli. LHL./LL- N 9a/6+ grave kaBuli/maakaBuli -dIIma LLL V graze: send animals to dIIma nhaB—nwa.'/BaanhaB—nwa.' LHL.h/LL- N 9/2+ great-great-grandchild nhaBonwa/BaanhaBonwa lUdUźtU.' L-LHL.h N 11/- green lUdUUtU [Mweend‡ gw‡‡-lźdUźtU] a green cloth; cf. leaf -gi’sha LHL V greet giisha lUgi’sh’/ngi’sh’ L-LHH N 11/(10) greeting(s) lUgiishi/ngiishi h‡a HL I greeting: answer to welcome haa -sha L V grind sha [kUm`sh"iipI•] to slap s.o.; [kUsheela] appl. nsho/= L N 9/10 grinding stone (the one that is held in the hands) nsho/= m`to—zi./Bato—zi. L-LHL. N 1/2 groom mtoozi/Batoozi nsI• LH N 9/- ground, earth nsII haasI• LL-LH N 16+ ground: on the haasII [kaBUly‡‡gŽ n‡-wa‡-h‡‡sI•] you have really been lucky (lit. go and eat it off the floor) -kUl‡ LH V grow, grow up kUla m`h‡Na./Bah‡Na. L-HL. N 1/2 grown-up person mhaNa/BahaNa cf. big guard see wait m`geni/Bageni L-LL N 1/2 guest, stranger mgeni/Bageni kIsa‡seembe. L-LHLLL. N 7/- guilt: feeling of kIsaaseembe Mha‡ng‡/= LHH N 9/10 guinea-fowl Mhaanga/= also [ika‡ng‡/maka‡ng‡] cl. 5/6 m`dźUzi./= LHLL. N 9a/10a gun mdUUzi/= muśndźzi.'/mi’ndźzi.' LH-HL.h N 3+/4+ gun muundUzi/miindUzi sg. more commonly pronounced [m`m'ndźzi] BUla/maaBUla L-L/LL- N 14/6+ guts, intestines BUla/maaBUla m`jeŽ/mijeŽ L-LH N 3/4 habit mjee/mijee BUmanIl•zś L-LLHH N 14/- habit (being used to sth.) BUmanIlIzu mbanIl•z’/= LLHH N 9/10 habit (of doing sth.) mbanIlIzi/= nseembo/= LLL N 9/10 habit, feature of character nseembo/= Booya‡/maaBooya‡ L-LLH/LL- N 14/6+ hair (of body), fur Booyaa/maaBooyaa lUNelŽ/NelŽ L-LH N 11/10 hair (of head) lUNele/Nele Tab. lUywI•lI.'/nzwI•lI.' L-LHL.h N 11/10 hair (of head) lUywIIlI/nzwIIlI m`shiinzi’/mishiinzi’ L-LLLH N 3/4 hair: dreadlock mshiinzii/mishiinzii BUso L-L N 14/- hair: pubic BUso lUbwI•/mbwI• L-LH N 11/10 hair: white lUbwII/mbwII -komŽŽla LHHL V hammer komeela see also stop nuundo/= LLL N 9/10 hammer nuundo/= kUBok—/maBok— L-LH N 15/6 hand kUBoko/maBoko Tab. m`kon—/makon— L-LH N 3/6 hand, arm mkono/makono m`pIn’/mipIn’ L-LH N 3/4 handle mpIni/mipIni -’nUUna H-LLL V refl hang (by holding on to sth.) inUUna -enena LLL V hang, be suspended enena [-eneNa] hang up (tr.) wiih‡lalŽ L-LHLH N 14/- happiness wiihalale -ih‡lala L-HLL V refl happy: be, rejoice ihalala hard see also stick -ja‡mś LHH A hard jaamu less common than [-laambuś] bź H I hard (as of soil) bU [BUlo—ngo w‡a-bź] hard soil -da‡mś LHH A hard or stiff (of objects), difficult, hard-working (of people) daamu -laambuś LLLH A hard, expensive, difficult laambuu [shilaambuś] cl. 8 (used adverbially) -laamba LLL V hard, expensive, difficult: become laamba BUMaando/= L-LLL N 14; 9a/10a hare, rabbit BUMaando/= seeyaayi/= LLLLL N 9a/10a hare, rabbit (name used in stories) seeyaayi/= -ImbUla LLL V harvest ImbUla ngoof’’la.'/= LLHHL.h N 9/10 hat ngoofiila/= -chilwa LL V hate, dislike chilwa caus. [-chija] isa‡nsa.'/masa‡nsa.' L-LHL.h N 5/6 hawk isaansa/masaansa also [lisa‡nsa] (Tab.) saalya‡/= LLLH N 9a/10a hawk saalyaa/= also [lIIsaalya‡/maasaalya‡] cl. 5+/6+ lUp‡la.'/maalUp‡la.' L-HL.h/LL- N 11/6+ hawk (Sw. mwewe) lUpala/maalUpala weŽ LH P SUBST 1 he, she wee ngulyaati/= LLLL N 9/10 he-goat ngulyaati/= also [igulyaati/magulyaati] cl. 5/6 m`tweŽ/mitweŽ L-LH N 3/4 head mtwee/mitwee ngat‡/= LH N 9/10 headpad (ring of grass or cloth) ngata/= -pIja LL V heal, cure pIja [kUm`pIja BUlwi’lŽ] to cure him from his illness; see also treat BUfumś L-LH N 14/- healing or divining: art of BUfumu -zuBUkś LLH A healthy zuBUku Suk. -pa‡ng‡ LHH A healthy, alive and well paanga [ngok— mha‡ng‡] a healthy chicken ilUUndo/malUUndo L-LLL N 5/6 heap ilUUndo/malUUndo -lUUnda LLL V heap up lUUnda -igw‡ LH V hear igwa [kwiig•lwa] appl. -degŽleka LHLL V hear a case, listen to the statement of a case degeleka mooyo/myooyo L-LL N 3/4 heart mooyo/myooyo idUt‡ L-LH N 5/- heat idUta -dito LL A heavy dito -tiimbuś LLLH A heavy, thick (of liquid) tiimbuu -tiimba LLL V heavy: become tiimba ishi’gino.'/mashi’gino.' L-LHLL.h N 5/6 heel ishiigino/mashiigino ndogoosa/= LLLL N 9/10 heifer ndogoosa/= -ambIlIja LLLL V help ambIlIja also [-ambya] -ambya LL V help ambya also [-ambIlIja] MwaambIl•j‡/BaambIl•j‡ L-LLHH N 1/2 helper MwaambIlIja/BaambIlIja m`seni/miseni L-LL N 3/4 hen (before reaching maturity, i.e. laying eggs) mseni/miseni [m`seni gUk• na-Booya] a feather-less young hen Moongo/= LLL N 9/10 hen (mature, i.e. laying eggs and breeding) Moongo/= aha LL P DEM1 16 here aha -fuumbuś LLLH A hidden from the eyes fuumbuu -Bis‡ LH V hide Bisa [-iB’s‡] hide oneself -fuumba LLL V hide by covering, prevent from being seen fuumba -gUźngźmźkś LHHHH A high, elevated (of ground) gUUngUmUku -gUźngźmUka LHHLL V high: become, rise up (as of ground) gUUngUmUka igźlya.'/magźlya.' L-HL.h N 5/6 hill (small), elevated position igUlya/magUlya see also mountain hip see buttock nh—mo—mbo.'/= HLHL.h N 9/10 hippopotamus nhomoombo/= -chalamIla LLLL V hiss (of fermenting beer) chalamIla -boola LLL V hit, crash into boola igeembe/mageembe L-LLL N 5/6 hoe igeembe/mageembe hoe see farm -cha‡ma LHL V hold one"s position (as when attacked) chaama -di’mIIla LHLLL V hold tight without letting go diimIIla -di’ma LHL V hold tightly, seize, touch, arrest diima li’na.'/mi’na.' L-HL.h N 5/6 hole (in sth., e.g. in the ground) liina/miina mheembo/= LLL N 9/10 hole (in the trunk of a tree) mheembo/= also [ipeembo/mapeembo] cl. 5/6 idUlźlź/madUlźlź L-LHH N 5/6 hole (through sth., e.g. shirt) idUlUlU/madUlUlU -chiBźla LHL V hole through sth.: make, hollow out chiBUla BUhola‡nzi. L-LLHL. N 14/- Holland BUholaanzi m`zeengo/mizeengo L-LLL N 3/4 home (the institution) mzeengo/mizeengo nsaalŽ/= LLH N 9/10 home (the institution) nsaale/= [Mwaan‡ w‡‡-nsaalŽ] housewife kaay‡/= LLH N 9a/10a homestead kaaya/= kItoongo/shitoongo L-LLL N 7/8 homestead: abandoned kItoongo/shitoongo BUUk• L-LH N 14/- honey BUUkI Mwaap’/Baap’ L-LH N 1/2 honey collector Mwaapi/Baapi -ap‡ LH V honey: collect apa ilel‡/malel‡ L-LH N 5/6 honeycomb ilela/malela igasa/magasa L-LL N 5/6 honeycomb out of which all honey has been squeezed igasa/magasa ipeŽmbŽ/mapeŽmbŽ L-LHH N 5/6 horn ipeembe/mapeembe fal‡asi./= LHLL. N 9a/10a horse falaasi/= -seBuś LLH A hot seBuu -seBa LL V hot: become seBa [kUseBa m`BIlI] to have fever saa/= LL N 9a/10a hour saa/= [saa y•mo] seven o"clock, [s"iit‡‡no] eleven o"clock nuśmba.'/= LHL.h N 9/10 house nuumba/= kIneheŽ LLLH I how kInehee [akaja kInehe] how did he go?; [kInehŽ-na] oh, how about this?; [kIneheŽ ngo—sha] what"s the matter, fellow? Umo LL P DEM2 18 how (introducing relative clause) Umo -.'nga.' (H)L.h P how many nga [mawe ga‡nga/ nuśmba z’’nga/ tUgoso tUźnga] how many stones/houses/sqirrels? -huuma LLL V howl (of hyena) huuma igana/magana L-LL N 5/6 hundred igana/magana nzala LL N 9/- hunger nzala also [iyala/mayala] cl. 5/6 Naanzala LLLL N 1a/- Hungry (proper name (of s.o. born during famine) Naanzala cf. hunger -tuuBa LLL V hungry: be tuuBa -wI•ma LHL V hunt wIIma -hI•ga LHL V hunt hIIga muwI•mi./BawI•mi. L-LHL. N 1/2 hunter muwIImi/BawIImi m`hI•gi./BahI•gi. L-LHL. N 1/2 hunter mhIIgi/BahIIgi mhUźgI.'/= LHL.h N 9/10 hunting dog (Sw. mbwa-mwitu) mhUUgI/= [mhUźgI nd‡ki] an angry hunting dog -lapźla LHL V hurl, fling, throw sth. flexible lapUla -angUha LLL V hurry angUha -laBźla LHL V hurt (s.o.) laBUla see also injure m`gooshi’/Bagooshi’ L-LLLH N 1/2 husband mgooshii/Bagooshii mbit’/= LH N 9/10 hyena mbiti/= also [iBit’/maBit’] cl. 5/6 mbit’-m`lźźlź/= LH-LHHH N 9/10 hyena sp. mbiti-mlUUlU/= neenŽ LLH P SUBST I neene UlU LL P DEM1 11 if UlU -gemeeheja LLLLL V imitate gemeeheja mhala/= LL N 9/10 impala mhala/= m`gatI• L-LLH N 18 in, inside, in the middle (of an object) mgatII m`kwa‡no./mikwa‡no. L-LHL. N 3/4 in-law family mkwaano/mikwaano m`kweŽla./BakweŽla. L-LHL. N 1/2 in-law relative of same generation mkweela/Bakweela lUsal‡go./nsal‡go. L-LHL. N 11/10 incision in the skin (for putting medicine) lUsalago/nsalago -sal‡gUla LHLL V incisions in the skin: make small (for putting medicine) salagUla -ongeja LLL V increase, add (tr.) ongeja [-iy——ngeja] become more teletele LLLL I indeed teletele also [teetele] -ik——ndŽleja L-HHHLL V refl ingratiate oneself ikoondeleja isaalo/masaalo L-LLL N 5/6 inheritance isaalo/masaalo -saBiingUla LLLLL V inheritance: divide s.o."s saBiingUla -gulaaja LLLL V injure, inflict injury gulaaja -ik—meŽMhŽj‡ LHLHHH A inquisitive ikomeeMheja [Niik—meŽMhŽj‡] cl. 9 -ik—meeMheja L-HLLLL V refl inquisitive: be ikomeeMheja -ih‡‡mb‡ L-HHH V refl insist, try hard ihaamba -laaBIla LLLL V inspect laaBIla malaangiisho L-LLLLL N (5)/6 instructions malaangiisho -dUk‡ LH V insult dUka [-dUk•la] insult by using bad language intelligence see trick intestines see guts chUUm‡/maachUUm‡ L-LH/LL- N 7/6+ iron chUUma/maachUUma kIsI•nz‡/shisI•nz‡ L-LHH N 7/8 iron, metal kIsIInza/shisIInza isela magazi L-LL L-LL Isela-Magazi (n. pr. loci) isela magazi lit. shedding-blood it is see then isaja/masaja L-LL N 5/6 jaw isaja/masaja -BUBIla LLL V jealous: be BUBIla iBUBa/maBUBa L-LL N 5/6 jealousy iBUBa/maBUBa -lUUnga LLL V join lUUnga also [-lUUnja] -lUUnja LLL V join lUUnja also [-lUUnga] makelŽgŽ L-LHH N -/6 joking, not being serious (Sw. mzaha) makelege lUgeendo/Meendo L-LLL N 11/10 journey, (a particular point in) time lUgeendo/Meendo pl. also [maalUgeendo] cl. 6+ BUtogw’ L-LH N 14/- joy BUtogwi see also happy -duumUka LLLL V jump duumUka also [kwi’duumUka] refl -ta‡mbźka LHHL V jump up or over sth. taambUka (less common than [kUduumUka]) li’la‡mbI.'/mi’la‡mbI.' L-HLHL.h N 5/6 kick liilaambI/miilaambI -luusa LLL V kick luusa mfig— LH N (11)/10 kidney mfigo sg. [lUfig—] -BUl‡ga LHL V kill BUlaga -ko—ndś LHH A kind koondu -so—nd— LHH A kind, good, holy soondo -so—nd—ha LHHL V kind, holy: become soondoha (rare) -so—nd—hya LHHL V kind, holy: make soondohya -ko—nd‡ LHH V kind: be koonda [kUko—nd‡ m——yo] do not rush, be calm and patient BUso—nd— L-LHH N 14/- kindness, goodness BUsoondo m`goli/Bagoli L-LL N 1/2 king"s wife mgoli/Bagoli Mwaam’/Baam’ L-LH N 1/2 king, chief Mwaami/Baami Tutsi, Tab. m`tem’/Batem’ L-LH N 1/2 king, chief mtemi/Batemi liik—/maaliik— L-LH/LL- N 5/6+ kitchen, hearth liiko/maaliiko -koonda LLL V knead, stir sth. thick (as paste) koonda iyUUngo/mayUUngo L-LLL N 5/6 knee iyUUngo/mayUUngo Tab. izwi’/mazwi’ L-LH N 5/6 knee izwii/mazwii lUshUź/nshUź L-LH N 11/10 knife lUshUU/nshUU pl. also [maalUshUź] cl. 6+11 nj—olo./= HLL. N 9/10 knife (improvised instrument for cutting or carving) njoolo/= augm. [ij—olo./maj—olo.] cl. 5/6 or [lIInj—olo./maanj—olo.] cl. 5+/6+ -go—M——Nhya LHHHL V knock (at sth.) gooMooNhya note irregular tone -guśmh‡ LHH V knock s.o. down (in passing that person) guumha iguśnd—/maguśnd— L-LHH N 5/6 knot iguundo/maguundo -mana LL V know mana -gayiwa LLL V lack gayiwa [na‡g‡yiw’lwŽ IhŽla] I lacked the money iNaanza‡/maNaanza‡ L-LLLH N 5/6 lake (big) iNaanzaa/maNaanzaa t‡la.'/= HL.h N 9a/10a lamp tala/= language see tongue Mw’isho. HLL. I last (more common than [Mhal•kIlo] end) Mwiisho used in connexive: [mbwa y‡a-Mw’isho] the last dog -seka LL V laugh seka [-sekela] laugh because of (reason) -sekeela LLLL V laugh at (s.o. or sth.) sekeela kaseko L-LL N 12/- laughter kaseko -zoBuś LLH A lazy, without endurance zoBuu idUźtU.'/madUźtU.' L-LHL.h N 5/6 leaf idUUtU/madUUtU -il‡‡nja L-HHL V refl learn ilaanja m`koB‡/mikoB‡ L-LH N 3/4 leather strip mkoBa/mikoBa -leka LL V leave (sth. or s.o.) leka see let -lekeja LLL V leave (sth.) to s.o. lekeja -IngIIla LLLL V leave from swh., come from swh. IngIIla [UUma‡yU w‡‡kwIIngIIla kU-pśgu] the lady who had come from Pugu -Inga LL V leave, depart Inga see also rise, go or come out, [kwIIngIla] since nsaasa/= LLL N 9/10 leaves which are first cooked and then dried and stored (e.g. of peas) nsaasa/= m`m—so.' L-HL.h N 3/- left mmoso [kUm`m—so gw‡‡-nuśmba] to the left of the house lUm—so.' L-HL.h N 11/- lefthandedness lUmoso m`gUlU/magUlU L-LL N 3/6 leg mgUlU/magUlU sg. also [kUgUlU] cl. 15 kUgUlU/magUlU L-LL N 15/6 leg kUgUlU/magUlU sg. also [m`gUlU] cl. 3 kItaambo/shitaambo L-LLL N 7/8 leg: hind (of animal) kItaambo/shitaambo m`lUźnd•/milUźnd• L-LHH N 3/4 leg: lower part of mlUUndI/milUUndI -tIIja LLL V lend (to s.o. or sth.) tIIja [kUm`tIIja] to lend to him; [kUk•tIIja] to lend it nsUB•/= LH N 9/10 leopard nsUBI/= also [isUB•/masUB•] cl. 5/6 leke LL let leke irregular imperative < [-leka]; used with following optative: [leke ngŽme(Ž)] let me try let alone (Sw. sembuse) see must -la‡mb‡ LHH V lick laamba BUla‡mb‡/maaBUla‡mb‡ L-LHH/LL- N 14/6+ lie BUlaamba/maaBUlaamba Tab. BUgulśgulu.'/maaBUgulśgulu.' L-LHLL.h/LL- N 14/6+ lie BUgulugulu/maaBUgulugulu BUnya‡/maaBUnya‡ L-LH/LL- N 14/6+ lie BUnyaa/maaBUnyaa Tab. BUlomol—mo.'/maaBUlomol—mo.' L-LLHL.h/LL- N 14/6+ lie BUlomolomo/maaBUlomolomo BUfi’ L-LH N 14/- lie BUfii Tab. -la‡mb‡ha LHHL V lie (tell lies) laambaha Tab. -gulśguta LHLL V lie (tell lies) guluguta -lomaloma LLLL V lie (tell lies) lomaloma -Buśnd‡‡la LHHHL V lie down Buundaala BUpa‡ng‡ L-LHH N 14/- life BUpaanga shiikal•lŽ L-LLHH N -/8 lifestyle shiikalIle -BUźcha LHL V lift up, carry BUUcha m`neengeela/mineengeela L-LLLLL N 3/4 light mneengeela/mineengeela -bUUhś LLH A light (not heavy), thin (of liquid), easy, cheap bUUhu [-bUUhśbźźhś] lightish -Ilź LH A light (of complexion) IlU [mbUl’ NIIlź] white or light coloured goat(s) -bUUha LLL V light (of weight): become bUUha -isŽkś LHH A light coloured iseku -el‡ LH V light, bright: become ela from a song: [kUkI•ya kweel‡ na-pŽŽ, yaafśm‡ga iMhaangaya] in the east it has become light, and the morning star has come out lUkeemo/Mheemo L-LLL N 11/10 lightning lUkeemo/Mheemo like see love -ik——ndŽla L-HHHL V refl like each other, be on good terms ikoondela -tonŽka LHL V liked, loved: be toneka -tonŽkŽ LHH A liked: most-, favourite toneke -suśnh‡ LHH V limp suunha suśnhI.'/BaasuśnhI.' LHL.h/LL- N 1a/2+ limps: s.o. who suunhI/BaasuunhI Bool‡‡ngŽ/maaBool‡‡ngŽ L-LHHH/LL- N 14/6+ line (drawn on surface) Boolaange/maaBoolaange nshi’mb‡/= LHH N 9/10 lion nshiimba/= also [ishi’mb‡/mashi’mb‡] cl. 5/6 lip see mouth live (somewhere) see sit -ikalaNa LLLL V live together ikalaNa mpishŽ-mpishŽ LH-LH N 9/- liveliness, bustle, animation mpishe-mpishe -luma LL V lively: become, get swinging luma itIm‡/matIm‡ L-LH N 5/6 liver itIma/matIma n—olŽ/= HLH N 9/10 lizard, gecko noole/= kaBUlźBźlź/tUBUlźBźlź L-LHHH N 12/13 lizard, gecko kaBUlUBUlU/tUBUlUBUlU Tab. mbUlź/= LH N 9/10 lizard: monitor (Sw. kenge) mbUlU/= also [iBUlź/maBUlź] cl. 5/6 m`lig—/milig— L-LH N 3/4 load mligo/miligo [m`lig— gw‡‡-Mhwi’] a load of firewood iyige/mayige L-LL N 5/6 locust iyige/mayige iseelŽ/maseelŽ L-LLH N 5/6 loincloth (of girls) iseele/maseele mba‡ta.'/= LHL.h N 9/10 loincloth (of men) mbaata/= -liihś LLH A long liihu -liiha LLL V long: become liiha -lola LL V look (at) lola [-il—lela] look at oneself; cf. [-il—leela] watch -il—laangIja L-HLLLL V refl look around everywhere ilolaangIja -ByUUla LLL V look with eyes wide open, stare, gaze ByUUla -pIInIhala LLLLL V lose one"s parents pIInIhala nda‡/= LH N 9/10 louse ndaa/= also [ida‡/mada‡] cl. 5/6 -togw‡ LH V love, like, wish, be pleased togwa -icha LL V lower sth., make go down icha Bah‡tI.' LHL.h N 9a/- luck BahatI also with metathesis: [haB‡tI.'] haB‡tI.' LHL.h N 9a/- luck haBatI metathesized from [Bah‡tI.'] luck: bad see unlucky chIIlUź/shIIlUź L-LLH N 7/8 luck: good chIIlUU/shIIlUU ibUźpU.'/mabUźpU.' L-LHL.h N 5/6 lung ibUUpU/mabUUpU m`dŽge.'/midŽge.' L-HL.h N 3/4 maize mdege/midege magukulu L-LLL N -/6 maize: boiled whole grains of magukulu -BeŽja LHL V make, prepare, do well, create Beeja [wa‡BŽŽja(‡)] thank you! kaBeŽgŽjŽ L-LHHH N 12/- making: manner of kaBeegeje m`go—sha.'/Bago—sha.' L-LHL.h N 1/2 man mgoosha/Bagoosha Tab. [m`go—sya] Mwiilw‡‡n‡/Biilw‡‡n‡ L-LHHH N 1/2 man Mwiilwaana/Biilwaana also [MwiiMw‡‡n‡/BiiMw‡‡n‡] cl. 1/2 m`naamhal‡/Banaamhal‡ L-LLLH N 1/2 man: old mnaamhala/Banaamhala m`sUUmba/BasUUmba L-LLL N 1/2 man: young msUUmba/BasUUmba -ing• LH A many ingI [myeend‡ miing•] many cloths -kwI•la LHL V many: be kwIIla fal‡asi mbog—ma LHLL LHL mare falaasi mbogoma lit. horse-cow fal‡asi-k••m‡/= LHLL-HHH N 9a/10a mare falaasi-kIIma/= lit. horse-female igUl’lU.'/magUl’lU.' L-LHL.h N 5/6 market igUlilU/magUlilU BUto—zi./maaBUto—zi. L-LHL./LL- N 14/6+ marriage BUtoozi/maaBUtoozi m`kweŽlŽ/BakweŽlŽ L-LHH N 1/2 married person mkweele/Bakweele -to—la LHL V marry (of man) toola [-to—lwa] marry (of woman); [-to—ja] make s.o. get married m`gek‡/migek‡ L-LH N 3/4 mat mgeka/migeka Tab. [m`kek‡] -komŽŽla LHHL V mature, become wise komeela -komŽŽzś LHHH A mature, wise komeezu [MhomŽŽzś] cl. 9 h‡mo.' HL.h I maybe, perhaps hamo -tuuBś LLH A mean, miserly tuuBu [nhuuBś] cl. 9 -im’ LH A mean, miserly imi [Niim’] cl. 9 -tuuBana LLLL V mean, miserly: be tuuBana sheeng—/= LLH N 7a/8 meaning sheengo/= -pIIma LLL V measure pIIma Nama/= LL N 9/10 meat Nama/= ma‡nda.'/= LHL.h N 9/10 meat without bone: piece of maanda/= BUgaanga/maaBUgaanga L-LLL/LL- N 14/6+ medicine BUgaanga/maaBUgaanga BUgot‡/maaBUgot‡ L-LH/LL- N 14/6+ medicine BUgota/maaBUgota shiing•la.' L-LHL.h N -/8 medicine components shiingIla ibo—mh—/mabo—mh— L-LHH N 5/6 medicine pouch iboomho/maboomho -saanga LLL V meet, encounter saanga [akasaanga waayźźkolw‡] he was beginning to get drunk; [akasaanga waak—lw‡] already he was already drunk iBa‡nz‡/maBa‡nz‡ L-LHH N 5/6 meeting, the people gathered at a meeting iBaanza/maBaanza [tUl• n"’’Ba‡nz‡] we are having a meeting -nana LL V melt nana -kaN‡ LH V mention (s.o. who is absent) kaNa when you bite your tongue by accident you may say: [na‡n’ waan’kaN‡] who has mentioned me? -taNa LL V mention, name taNa kIgoongo L-LLL N 7/- mercy, compassion, kindness kIgoongo kIsa L-L N 7/- mercy, kindness kIsa mayŽga.'/BaamayŽga.' LHL.h/LL- N 1a/2+ merry person, s.o. who enjoys life mayega/Baamayega -yeg‡ LH V merry: be yega metal see iron isaB‡/masaB‡ L-LH N 5/6 metal: various kinds of (shiny white or red, used for bracelets) isaBa/masaBa hagatIg‡t• L-LLHH N 16 middle: in the hagatIgatI [hagatIg‡t• y‡‡-nzIla] in the middle of the road; see in; see between maBeŽle.' L-LHL.h N -/6 milk maBeele see breast -sheŽm‡ LHH V milk (a cow) sheema note irregular tone -Bisźźla LHHL V milk: have a lot of (of cow) BisUUla nhUźnda.'/= LHL.h N 9/10 milking vessel (from wood, cylindrical, with tripod) nhUUnda/= dim. [katUźnda.'/tUtUźnda.'] cl. 12/13 Mhol——ng— LHHH N 9/- millet sp. Mholoongo Tab. BUBeleŽ L-LLH N 14/- millet sp. (Sw. mawele) BUBelee BUlegi L-LL N 14/- millet sp. (Sw. ulezi) BUlegi il—le.'/mal—le.' L-HL.h N 5/6 mirror ilole/malole -ag‡lala LHLL V miscarriage: have agalala ihUBo/mahUBo L-LL N 5/6 mistake ihUBo/mahUBo ik—sa.'/mak—sa.' L-HL.h N 5/6 mistake, fault, guilt ikosa/makosa -hUBa LL V mistake: make a hUBa -saangIlIja LLLLL V mix saangIlIja kaka‡nz‡/tUka‡nz‡ L-LHH N 12/13 moment kakaanza/tUkaanza see also time hŽla.' HL.h N 9a/- money, silver hela nhUźmb•l•/= LHHH N 9/10 monkey (Sw. tumbili) nhUUmbIlI/= also [itUźmb•l•/matUźmb•l•] cl.5/6 month see moon -kuśmb‡ LHH V moo, low (of cow) kuumba to hear a python moo is a very good omen Mweez’/myeez’ L-LH N 3/4 moon, month Mweezi/myeezi Mweez’ gwŽŽl‡ LLH HHH moon: full Mweezi gweela lit. the moon has become bright Mweez’ gw‡‡B‡l‡ LLH HHHH moon: new Mweezi gwaaBala lit. the moon has appeared na-ha‡ng• lźźlU L-LHH HHL moreover na-haangI lUUlU m`laaBo/milaaBo L-LLL N 3/4 morning mlaaBo/milaaBo Tab. diiyź LLH N 9a/- morning diiyU diiyź-diiyU. LLH-LLL. N 5a/- morning: some time during the diiyU-diiyU maadiiyź LL-LLH N -/6+ morning: time or period of maadiiyU itUlI•/matUlI• L-LLH N 5/6 mortar itUlII/matUlII mbUź/= LH N 9/10 mosquito mbUU/= also [ibUź/mabUź] cl. 5/6 ma‡mi.'/Baama‡mi.' LHL.h/LL- N 1a/2+ mother"s brother maami/Baamaami nin‡ m`h‡Na/Baanin‡ Bah‡Na LH LHL/LL- mother"s elder sister: his/her nina mhaNa/Baanina BahaNa ni’na m`h‡Na/Baani’na Bah‡Na LHL LHL/LL- mother"s elder sister: my niina mhaNa/Baaniina BahaNa Tab. ma‡yU m`h‡Na/Baama‡yU Bah‡Na LHL LHL/LL- mother"s elder sister: my maayU mhaNa/BaamaayU BahaNa ya‡yU m`h‡Na/Baaya‡yU Bah‡Na LHL LHL/LL- mother"s elder sister: my yaayU mhaNa/BaayaayU BahaNa mainly used by children noko m`h‡Na/Baanoko Bah‡Na LL LHL/LL- mother"s elder sister: your (sg.) noko mhaNa/Baanoko BahaNa nina m'do/Baanina B‡do LL HL/LL- mother"s younger sister: his/her nina mdo/Baanina Bado ma‡yU m'do/Baama‡yU B‡do LHL HL/LL- mother"s younger sister: my maayU mdo/BaamaayU Bado ni’na m'do/Baani’na B‡do LHL HL/LL- mother"s younger sister: my niina mdo/Baaniina Bado Tab. ya‡yU m'do/Baaya‡yU B‡do LHL HL/LL- mother"s younger sister: my yaayU mdo/BaayaayU Bado mainly used by children noko m`do—/Baanoko Bado— LL LLH/LL- mother"s younger sister: your (sg.) noko mdoo/Baanoko Badoo ma‡yU Bźkwi/Baama‡yU Bźkwi LHL HL/LL- mother-in-law: my maayU BUkwi/BaamaayU BUkwi lit. mother-bridewealth nina‡/Baanina‡ LLH/LL- N 1a/2+ mother: his/her ninaa/Baaninaa ni’na.'/Baani’na.' LHL.h/LL- N 1a/2+ mother: my niina/Baaniina Tab. ya‡yU.'/Baaya‡yU.' LHL.h/LL- N 1a/2+ mother: my yaayU/BaayaayU mainly used by children ma‡yU.'/Baama‡yU.' LHL.h/LL- N 1a/2+ mother: my maayU/BaamaayU also used to address daughter and other non-teasing female relatives nini’swŽ/Baanini’swŽ LLHH/LL- N 1a/2+ mother: our niniiswe/Baaniniiswe nina‡B—/Baanina‡B— LLHH/LL- N 1a/2+ mother: their ninaaBo/BaaninaaBo nini’MwŽ/Baanini’MwŽ LLHH/LL- N 1a/2+ mother: your (pl.) niniiMwe/BaaniniiMwe noko/Baanoko LL/LL- N 1a/2+ mother: your (sg.) noko/Baanoko -BUźmb‡ LHH V mould, make pottery, create BUUmba -daamIIla LLLLL V mount (an animal) daamIIla lUgUlU/ngUlU L-LL N 11/10 mountain, hill lUgUlU/ngUlU ngoso/= LL N 9/10 mouse, rat (Sw. panya) ngoso/= also [igoso/magoso] cl. 5/6 m`lomo/milomo L-LL N 3/4 mouth, lip mlomo/milomo -saama LLL V move residence (from swh.) saama [kUsaamIla] move residence to swh. -ihŽga L-HL V refl move to give way and let pass ihega ifuśMha.'/mafuśMha.' L-LHL.h N 5/6 mucus: nasal ifuuMha/mafuuMha BUlolo L-LL N 14/- mud BUlolo Tab. [malolo] cl. 6 isoonzo—/masoonzo— L-LLLH N 5/6 mug (woven from grass, for beer) isoonzoo/masoonzoo lUge/nge L-L N 11/10 muscle, tendon lUge/nge also [lIIlUge/maalUge] cl. 5+/6+ BooBa L-LL N 14/(6+) mushrooms BooBa [maaBooBa] different types of mushrooms suśmvw‡ LHH I must, ought, let alone (Sw. sembuse) suumvwa [vv suśmbw‡]; [suśmvw‡ źje] you must go; [Bo—se Ba‡k’’nd‡gwa, suśmbw‡ n‡‡Mho] all have failed, so you will certainly also fail nail see fingernail m`sum‡ali./misum‡ali. L-LHLL. N 3/4 nail (of iron) msumaali/misumaali dUźhU.'/= LHL.h N 9a/10a nakedness dUUhU/= liin‡/miin‡ L-LH N 5/6 name liina/miina nhag‡lalo.'/= LHLL. N 9/10 nape nhagalalo/= -pinŽŽMhś LHHH A narrow pineeMhu -pinŽ LH A narrow pine -pinŽŽMha LHHL V narrow: become pineeMha inokś/manokś L-LH N 5/6 navel inoku/manoku ndaala LLL N 9/- Ndala (n. pr. loci) ndaala bIIh• LLH I near bIIhI [vv biih•]; [bIIh• n‡-(ha)kaay‡, habIIh• n‡-kaay‡] near the home bIIh•-bIIhI. LLH-LLL. I nearby, recently bIIhI-bIIhI Mhi’ng—/= LHH N 9/10 neck Mhiingo/= ikosi/makosi L-LL N 5/6 neck ikosi/makosi Tab. need see search -zil•lwa LHL V need: be in zilIlwa nephew see child, see sister"s child, see brother"s child cha‡lI.'/sha‡lI.' L-HL.h N 7/8 nest chaalI/shaalI BUdetŽlegejo./maaBUdetŽlegejo. L-LHLLL./LL- N 14/6+ nest of chicken, i.e. its place for laying eggs BUdetelegejo/maaBUdetelegejo -pya‡ LH A new pyaa [mhya‡] cl. 9/10 muung—oni./Baang—oni. LL-HLL. N 1+/2+ Ngoni muungooni/Baangooni also [lIIng—oni./maang—oni.] 5+/6+ niece see child, see sister"s child, see brother"s child BUzikź/maaBUzikź L-LH/LL- N 14/6+ night BUzikU/maaBUzikU keenda‡ LLLH N 9a/- nine keendaa [nzIla keenda‡] nine paths, [makUm’ kŽŽnda] ninety ya‡ya LHL I no yaaya ’i HL I no, oh ii also [i’!’] nobody see none kay—ge.' LHL.h N 9a/- noise kayoge ndUhUź LLH I? none ndUhUU [ndUhUź vv hadUhUź] nothing; [ndUhU mśśnhU] nobody lIImi h‡gatI.' LLL HLLH noon lIImi hagatII lit. sun in-the-middle lIImi’ ntwe-g‡tI.' LLLH L-HL.h noon lIImii ntwe-gatI lit. sun head-middle sukum‡ LLH N 9a/- north sukuma [kUsukum‡ y‡‡-nhoBola] north of Tabora ini’nd—/mani’nd— L-LHH N 5/6 nose iniindo/maniindo also cl. 9/10 ni’nd—/= LHH N 9/10 nose niindo/= also cl. 5/6 ngena LL I not ngena used with following optative: [ngena B‡lyeŽ] they shouldn"t eat Mo L I not, no Mo used with infinitive: [kUbeh‡ Mo] or [Mo UkUbeh‡] no smoking!; [niing‡ koog—ha nUUlź kźdetema Mo] without fear or tremor helŽelo LHLL I nothing heleelo Tab. nothing see none shI•n"I•shi LHLHL I now shIIn"IIshi < [shI•nI• Ishi] h‡aha. HLL. P DEM1 Pres 16 now haaha also [h‡ah"IIyI] kINaMwŽezi. L-LHLL. N 7/- Nyamwezi language kINaMweezi shiilw‡‡n‡ L-LHHH N -/8 Nyamwezi language (the local language as opposed to KiSwahili) shiilwaana also [shiiMw‡‡n‡] m`NaMwŽezi./BaNaMwŽezi. L-LHLL. N 1/2 Nyamwezi person mNaMweezi/BaNaMweezi nzeŽga.' LHL.h N 9/- Nzega (n. pr. loci) nzeega ilahIlo/malahIlo L-LLL N 5/6 oath ilahIlo/malahIlo lUka‡n’ L-LHH N 11/- obstinacy lUkaani also cl. 9 Mha‡n’ LHH N 9/- obstinacy Mhaani also cl. 11 -kI•ng‡ LHH V obstruct (passage), catch liquid in a receptacle (as water from a leaking roof kIInga -sumźla LHL V offend or misdemean oneself against parents-in-law sumUla offer see sacrifice often see time BźU HL I oh (expressing strong surprise) BUU k‡‡ HH I oh (expressing surprise with annoyance) kaa -na L Encl oh (expressing surprised question) na [’i, hź-BeeBŽ-na] oh, it is you?! magut‡ L-LH N (5)/6 oil, fat maguta sg. [igut‡] a piece of fat old (of things) see not fresh, see worn, see used up kale LL N 9a/- old times, long ago, the past kale [lyIImb— ly‡‡-k‡le] an old song dI•d‡/= LHH N 9a/10a old, lean (of cattle) dIIda/= also [lIIdI•d‡/maadI•d‡] cl. 5+/6+ soolo— LLLH N 9a/- one sooloo used for counting without reference to any specific object -mo.' L.h P NUM one; a certain, some (indefinite) mo [m`nhU źmo] one person, [nzIla y•mo] one path kItUUngźlU.'/shitUUngźlU.' L-LLHL.h N 7/8 onion kItUUngUlU/shitUUngUlU pl. also [maakItUUngźlU.' vv maashitUUngźlU.'] cl. 6+7 [vv] 6+8 dźhź HH I only dUhU -lugUla LLL V open lugUla lUBUźga.'/maalUBUźga.' L-LHL.h/LL- N 11/6+ open space (e.g. playground, courtyard) lUBUUga/maalUBUUga -BuundUla LLLL V open the eyes BuundUla -gubźla LHL V open, take off the lid gubUla nUUlź LLH I or, even nUUlU ichUźngwa.'/machUźngwa.' L-LHL.h N 5/6 orange ichUUngwa/machUUngwa m`pIIna/BapIIna L-LLL N 1/2 orphan mpIIna/BapIIna Mwa‡mbU.'/mya‡mbU.' L-HL.h N 3/4 other side: the (Sw. ng"ambo) MwaambU/myaambU -ngI• LH P other, some ... others ... ngII [m`nhU UngI•] another person; [ha‡ng•] also, again hiibaala L-LLLL N 16+5 outside hiibaala lit. at the clearing haanzeŽ LL-LH N 16+9 outside haanzee kamuundi/= LLLL N 9a/10a owl kamuundi/= pain see sickness kIgaanza/shigaanza L-LLL N 7/8 palm (of hand) kIgaanza/shigaanza ngak‡kźBonw‡/= LHHLH N 9/10 pangolin ngakakUBonwa/= to see it is a bad omen MhwaaleŽ/= LLLH N 9/10 partridge Mhwaalee/= -BIt‡ LH V pass BIta nzIla/= LL N 9/10 path, way nzIla/= ibab‡yU.'/mabab‡yU.' L-LHL.h N 5/6 pawpaw ibabayU/mababayU -lIpa LL V pay lIpa lUshi’li.'/nshi’li.' L-LHL.h N 11/10 pea sp. (Sw. kunde) lUshiili/nshiili lUBa‡ng— L-LHH N 11/- peace lUBaango BUhozś L-LH N 14/- peace BUhozu lUkalaanga/Mhalaanga L-LLLL N 11/10 peanut sp. (Sw. karanga or njugu nyasa) lUkalaanga/Mhalaanga lUpa‡ndŽ/mha‡ndŽ L-LHH N 11/10 peanut sp. (Sw. njugu mawe) lUpaande/mhaande -to—nd——la LHHHL V peel (without instrument, as banana or peanut) toondoola iBol—/maBol— L-LH N 5/6 penis iBolo/maBolo pl. male genitals incl. testicles mhIlIp•lI.'/= LLHL.h N 9/10 pepper mhIlIpIlI/= [mh vv mp vv p]; [m`pIlIp•lI.'] cl. 3/4 pepper plant m`nhU/BanhU L-L/LL-L N 1/2 person, pl. people mnhU/BanhU NPx cl. 1 [m`- vv mu-] m`go—Mh—/migo—Mh— L-LHH N 3/4 pestle mgooMho/migooMho -yoola LLL V pick up, gather yoola ibud•ka.'/mabud•ka.' L-LHL.h N 5/6 piece (big piece of sth. bulky, as log of wood) ibudIka/mabudIka -diba LL V pierce (an eye) diba -id’ba L-HL V refl pierce one"s eye idiba nguluBe/= LLL N 9/10 pig nguluBe/= Mhuśnda.'/= LHL.h N 9/10 pigeon, dove Mhuunda/= also [ikuśnda.'/makuśnda.'] cl. 5/6 iBIB•/maBIB• L-LH N 5/6 pile (of dry branches and leaves) for burning iBIBI/maBIBI MhI•ng•/= LHH N 9/10 pillar, post MhIIngI/= -dUUta LLL V pimples: have small dUUta isekeŽ/masekeŽ L-LLH N 5/6 pipe (for smoking) isekee/masekee m`teemba/miteemba L-LLL N 3/4 pipe (for smoking) mteemba/miteemba Tab. kIluunga/shiluunga L-LLL N 7/8 place kIluunga/shiluunga -teŽng‡ LHH V place (with care, esp. food, or sth. bulky or fragile) teenga -suśng‡ LHH V place high, hoist up suunga mbUg‡/= LH N 9/10 plain mbUga/= -haamba LLL V plant haamba sah‡ani./= LHLL. N 9a/10a plate sahaani/= -ish’N‡ L-HH V refl play ishiNa -esa LL V play "bao"; inconvenience s.o. by taking or hiding sth. he needs esa -toj‡ LH V please toja ndImIla LLL N 9/- Pleiades ndImIla BUyaga L-LL N 14/- plenty BUyaga [waalwa w‡‡-Bźyaga] lots of beer -kUźla LHL V pluck (mushrooms) kUUla -yoBa LL V pluck (vegetables, fruit) yoBa BUsUźngź/maaBUsUźngź L-LHH/LL- N 14/6+ poison BUsUUngU/maaBUsUUngU m`daala/midaala L-LLL N 3/4 poles for carrying (by two people) mdaala/midaala ila‡mb—/mala‡mb— L-LHH N 5/6 pool (small) ilaambo/malaambo poor see suffer nUUngUlI/= LLLL N 9/10 porcupine nUUngUlI/= BUgalI/magalI L-LL N 14/6 porridge: stiff BUgalI/magalI Mho—mba.'/= LHL.h N 9/10 porridge: thin, gruel (Sw. uji) Mhoomba/= also [mako—mba] cl. 6; [amako—mba g‡‡-BźsUByeŽ] diluted gruel -koB—leka LHLL V possible: be koBoleka nuśngU.'/= LHL.h N 9/10 pot nuungU/= m`z—ga.'/miz—ga.' L-HL.h N 3/4 pot (big clay pot, for storing water or beer) mzoga/mizoga lUBIga‡/maalUBIga‡ L-LLH/LL- N 11/6+ pot (small, from clay) lUBIgaa/maalUBIgaa isuful’ya.'/masuful’ya.' L-LLHL.h N 5/6 pot (usually from aluminum, Sw. sufuria) isufuliya/masufuliya kafu BUl‡ya.' LL-LHL.h potato kafu BUlaya lit. sweet potato-Europe kafu/maakafu LL/LL- N 12/6+ potato: sweet kafu/maakafu nUUmbU/= LLL N 9/10 potato: sweet nUUmbU/= Suk. lUjo/njo L-L N 11/10 potsherd lUjo/njo pl. also [maalUjo] cl. 6+ m`BUźmb’/BaBUźmb’ L-LHH N 1/2 potter mBUUmbi/BaBUUmbi -pUźla LHL V pound pUUla Mhoma‡ngo.'/= LLHL.h N 9/10 pounding: round stone for Mhomaango/= -ita LL V pour (away) ita -dIt•la LHL V pour (into a receptacle) dItIla -suka LL V pour out suka [BźUgasśkIla m`-madŽbe] then they pour it into tins praise see call and praise -kum•lIja LHLL V praise kumIlIja -so—mb‡ nda LHH L pregnant: become soomba nda lit. carry belly -iB‡‡nga L-HHL V refl prepare oneself, be prepared iBaanga [iB‡‡ngagŽ] be prepared; [MwiiB‡‡ngagŽ] be prepared for him la’si.'/Baala’si.' LHL.h/LL- N 1a/2+ president laisi/Baalaisi BUgUzi’ L-LLH N 14/- price BUgUzii magash’ L-LH N -/6 pride (?) magashi occurs also as proper name m`tuśngw‡/Batuśngwa‡ L-LHH N 1/2 prisoner mtuungwa/Batuungwa less common than [m`fuungwa‡] m`fuungwa‡/Bafuungwa‡ L-LLLH N 1/2 prisoner mfuungwaa/Bafuungwaa BUkoli’ L-LLH N 14/- problem, complication BUkolii proverb see word kItaange dUhź L-LLL LH provided that kItaange dUhU mhaamba/= LLL N 9/10 provision mhaamba/= -luta LL V pull luta -non——mbola LHHLL V pull out sth. that is stuck nonoombola -gweesa LLL V pull, attract gweesa -duta LL V pull, drag duta ipwa/mapwa L-L N 5/6 pumpkin ipwa/mapwa Tab. lyUUngź/mUUngź L-LH N 5/6 pumpkin (Sw. boga) lyUUngU/mUUngU BUfil‡ L-LH N 14/- pus BUfila -shi’nd•ka LHHL V push shiindIka -kIInda LLL V push or hit (as with stick or elbow) kIInda -hega LL V push things aside to make a path hega -dwI•ka LHL V put a load on the head dwIIka -BI•ka LHL V put aside as reserve, store BIIka -tUźla LHL V put down, put tUUla -Buśng‡ LHH V put into (e.g. bag) Buunga -cha‡mIka LHLL V put sth. across to make an obstruction chaamIka -kIIndIka LLLL V put upright kIIndIka kaawa‡mbonŽlahe.'/tUUwa‡mbonŽlahe.' LL-LHLHLLH N 12+/13+ pygmy .. kaawaambonelahee/tUUwaambonelahe lit. from what distance did you see me? nsat—/= LH N 9/10 python nsato/= -iy—j‡ L-HH V refl quarrel iyoja [Mwiiy—j‡/Biiy—j‡] cl. 1/2 s.o. who quarrels ibUbź/mabUbź L-LH N 5/6 quarrel ibUbU/mabUbU -ik—l—gosha L-HHLL V refl quarrel ikologosha -wI•laanga LHLLL V quarrel, speak to each other in anger wIIlaanga iBUźjo./maBUźjo. L-LHL. N 5/6 question iBUUjo/maBUUjo -angU LL A quick, easy angU used adverbially: [shaangU] waangUw‡‡ngź L-LLHHH N 14/- quickness, haste, ease waangUwaangU proverb: [waangUw‡‡ngź w‡‡-m`naambwa kźBya‡la lyaan"’’BIs•] dog-like haste results in premature birth -leembeela LLLL V quiet: be, be still leembeela sŽlŽ/= HH N 9a/10a quietness, silence sele/= used mainly adverbially kIliimba/shiliimba L-LLL N 7/8 quiver kIliimba/shiliimba [kIliimba cha‡-m‡soonga] a quiver for arrows mbul‡/= LH N 9/10 rain mbula/= [yIkatUl‡ mbul‡] it rained ita ly‡‡-Baash’ LL HH-LLH rainbow ita lyaa-Baashi (the meaning of [Baash’] is not clear) -Isa LL V rains: signal the start of the short Isa [mbUl‡ yaayźźwIIsa] the short rains are starting kIdikź/shidikź L-LH N 7/8 rainy season kIdikU/shidikU -dika LL V rainy season: be dika (rarely used) mIIsa L-LL N -/6 rainy season: short mIIsa used in [mbul‡ y‡‡-mIIsa] short rainy season Mo—nd’/= LHH N 9/10 ram Moondi/= also [iMo—nd’/maMo—nd’] cl. 5/6 m`koMw‡‡ nzok‡ L-LHH LH rascal (lit. snake-bitten) mkoMwaa nzoka iseenge/maseenge L-LLL N 5/6 rat: bush iseenge/maseenge also [liseenge] (Tab.) -soma LL V read soma nguno/= LL N 9/10 reason nguno/= [kUUnguno] cl. 17+9 because, why -anukUla LLLL V receive, accept anukUla -bokeela LLLL V receive, accept bokeela -manIIcha LLLL V recognize, find out, become aware manIIcha [Um‡nI•k’jŽ] you are aware recover see escape from danger -lalźkś LHH A red lalUku z‡ H I red za [Mweend‡ gw‡a-z‡] a red cloth -lalźka LHL V red: become lalUka [yaal‡lźkaga z‡] it has become really red idetŽ/madetŽ L-LH N 5/6 reed idete/madete -isśj‡ L-HH V refl refuge: find (at s.o. else"s home) isuja -isśg‡ L-HH V refl refuge: find (by oneself, without depending on s.o. else) isuga -sug‡ LH V refuge: provide suga Mwiisśz’/Biisśz’ L-LHH N 1/2 refugee, s.o. who joins or is adopted into the family Mwiisuzi/Biisuzi -ka‡na LHL V refuse kaana Tab. -im‡ LH V refuse (to give) ima -lema LL V refuse, deny lema makUB• L-LH N -/6 relish (Sw. kitoweo) makUBI -shi’gala LHLL V remain, be left shiigala -izUkIla LLLL V remember izUkIla -izUkIja LLLL V remind izUkIja -Inja LL V remove, put sth. away Inja -pa‡ng‡ LHH V rent paanga -shookeela LLLLL V repeat shookeela -wI•lagUla LHLLL V reprimand wIIlagUla -ikźźmb•lIja L-HHHLL V refl request (politely) ikUUmbIlIja -fuśmb——la LHHHL V rescue, come to the aid of s.o. fuumboola wiik—lŽ L-LHH N 14/- resemblance wiikole -ik—l‡ L-HH V refl resemble ikola [kwiik—l‡ n‡-neenŽ] to resemble me ikUj— L-LH N 5/- respect ikUjo -kUj‡ LH V respect, bring up (child) kUja -’suuhya H-LLL V refl rest isuuhya -suuha LLL V rest suuha -shooka LLL V return shooka [-shookela] return from swh. -godoka LLL V return godoka (less common than [kUshooka]) -BUźla LHL V reveal (sth. that s.o. has done) BUUla mhel‡/= LH N 9/10 rhinoceros mhela/= lUBazu/mbazu L-LL N 11/10 rib lUBazu/mbazu w‡ali. H-LL. N 14/- rice (cooked, Sw. wali) waali m`chelŽ/michelŽ L-LH N 3/4 rice (the husked grain, Sw. mchele) mchele/michele m`pUźnga.'/mipUźnga.' L-LHL.h N 3/4 rice (the plant, Sw. mpunga) mpUUnga/mipUUnga -saBi LL A rich saBi muśndeŽBa.'/Ba‡ndeŽBa.' LH-LHL.h N 1+/2+ rich person muundeeBa/BaandeeBa singular more commonly pronounced [m`m'ndeŽBa]; tonal variant [muundŽŽB‡] rich: become see domesticate ka‡la‡gU.'/twa‡la‡gU.' L-HLHL.h N 12/13 riddle kaalaagU/twaalaagU plural more commonly [maaka‡la‡gU.'] cl. 6+ lyaand•/maand• L-LH N 5/6 ridge of earth (raised bed for planting; Sw. tuta) lyaandI/maandI -paandUla LLLL V ridge of earth: make the first furrow for heaping up paandUla -bo—nh‡ LHH V ridge of earth: make the second furrow for heaping up boonha m`lI•la.' L-LHL.h N 3/- right mlIIla [kUm`lI•la gw‡‡-nuśmba] to the right of the house Bźlyo. H-L. N 14/- right BUlyo [BaanhU B‡a-Bźlyo] righthanded people; [m`nhU waa-kUBźlyo] the person on the right-hand side; [Bźlyo wa‡ne] my right side iteendele/mateendele L-LLLL N 5/6 ring (armring, from grass) iteendele/mateendele ik—ja.'/mak—ja.' L-HL.h N 5/6 ring (armring, from plastic) ikoja/makoja -bi’sha LHL V ripe or cooked: make biisha caus. < [kUpya‡] -pya‡ LH V ripe or done: become, catch fire pyaa [BUgalI BUp’’le] the porridge is ready; [Nama yIpi’lŽ] the meat is done; appl. [kUpyI•la]; caus. [kUbi’sha] BUpyeŽ L-LH N 14/- ripeness BUpyee [Nama yaa-BUpyeŽ] meat which is done -ang‡lUka LHLL V rise (of sun), come (of new day) [..a] day has come angalUka [Mwa‡ng‡lUka] you have reached a new day (greeting); [wa‡ng‡lUk.. -BUźkIIla LHLLL V rise, get up slowly BUUkIIla -BUźka LHL V rise, get up, leave BUUka [ga‡By"źźBUźka] (some liquid) is bubbling up; [kUBUźkIla] depart from swh. mo—ngo.'/myo—ngo.' L-HL.h N 3/4 river moongo/myoongo ibalab‡la.'/mabalab‡la.' L-LLHL.h N 5/6 road (big road for cars) ibalabala/mabalabala -hilima LLL V roar (of lion) hilima -ocha LL V roast ocha italŽ/matalŽ L-LH N 5/6 rock, boulder itale/matale itŽembe./matŽembe. L-HLL. N 5/6 roof (flat) iteembe/mateembe kaansoongeŽ/tUUnsoongeŽ LL-LLLH N 12+/13+ roof: highest point of round kaansoongee/tUUnsoongee chśumba./shśumba. H-LL. N 7/8 room chuumba/shuumba m`zi/mizi L-L N 3/4 root mzi/mizi it’na.'/mat’na.' L-HL.h N 5/6 root of creeper: main itina/matina lUgoye/ngoye L-LL N 11/10 rope lUgoye/ngoye -Bozuś LLH A rotten Bozuu -Bola LL V rotten: be Bola round see assemble BUBil’’ngŽ L-LHHH N 14/- roundness, being (made) circular or spherical BUBiliinge wiiB’l’’ngŽ L-LHHHH N 14/- roundness, being circular or spherical (inherent property) wiiBiliinge [kIsumo cha‡-wiiB’l’’ngŽ] a round fruit rule, reign see become bitter Mwaan‡‡ngwa.'/Baan‡‡ngwa.' L-LHHL.h N 1/2 ruler of large village ([igUźngźl’]) Mwaanaangwa/Baanaangwa -peela LLL V run (generally: away from) peela [kUpeela m`-nuśmba] run out of/into the house; [-peelela] run towards; [kUpeela Mweel’] to become crazy (lit. run west) kIta‡mb—/shita‡mb— L-LHH N 7/8 sacrifice kItaambo/shitaambo -ta‡mb‡ LHH V sacrifice taamba -ta‡mb•ka LHHL V sacrifice to s.o. taambIka -saaya LLL V sad: be saaya [kUsaayIla] to be sad because of (reason) lUsaayo/maalUsaayo L-LLL/LL- N 11/6+ sadness lUsaayo/maalUsaayo mateŽ L-LH N (5)/6 saliva matee sg. [iteŽ] a type of saliva m`m`nś L-LH N 3/- salt mmnu -Žne.' HL.h P/A same ene NPx in cl. 1: [MweŽne.'], PPx in other classes: [yeŽne.'] cl. 9 m`seengŽlya.'/miseengŽlya.' L-LLHL.h N 3/4 sand mseengelya/miseengelya Tab. m`tuunde/mituunde L-LLL N 3/4 sand mtuunde/mituunde m`seenga/miseenga L-LLL N 3/4 sand mseenga/miseenga Tab. -igźta LHL V satiated: be igUta m`sUzi’/misUzi’ L-LLH N 3/4 sauce, soup msUzii/misUzii -haya LL V say, intend haya njoombelŽ/= LLLH N 9/10 saying, expression njoombele/= kayoombelŽ L-LLLH N 12/- saying, expression kayoombele also [kaakayoombelŽ/tUUkayoombelŽ] cl. 12+/13+ scale (of fish) see bark iBaamba/maBaamba L-LLL N 5/6 scar iBaamba/maBaamba -sa‡mb‡‡la LHHHL V scatter (itr.) saambaala m`k‡asi./mik‡asi. L-HLL. N 3/4 scissors mkaasi/mikaasi -dahźźla LHHL V scoop out (water) dahUUla [źUgad‡hźźlIl"UUm`-madŽbe] then you scoop it out and pour it into the tins -fusa LL V scorn, speak with contempt fusa Mhomi’/= LLH N 9/10 scorpion Mhomii/= also [ikomi’/makomi’] cl. 5/6 -Mwaala LLL V scrape (with fingernails or claws) Mwaala ipwa‡n’/mapwa‡n’ L-LHH N 5/6 sea, ocean ipwaani/mapwaani -kooBa LLL V search, look for, want, need kooBa iBaanga/maBaanga L-LLL N 5/6 secret activities, secret place where witchcraft is carried out iBaanga/maBaanga kIkonikoni L-LLLL N 7/- secretly (applying magic) kIkonikoni -Bon‡ LH V see Bona mbiyź/= LH N 9/10 seed mbiyU/= -bad‡ LH V seize, catch bada see also hold select the good, edible leaves from vegetable or salad see dot (make dots) -enŽk•l• LHHH P/A self; cl.1/2: owner enekIlI NPx in cl. 1: [MweenŽk•l•], PPx in other classes: [yeenŽk•l•] cl. 9 -sUlźja LHL V sell sUlUja -gUja LL V sell gUja -tUm‡ LH V send (s.o., or sth. with s.o. else) tUma -ihŽŽnd‡ L-HHH V refl send food to the groom"s family iheenda when the bride and her group arrive at the groom"s home they prepare food and send it there -BI•cha LHL V send livestock to s.o. else to keep them in trust for the owner BIIcha -fil‡ LH V send sth., take sth. swh. fila -lekaana LLLL V separate, leave each other lekaana -lekaaNa LLLL V separate, make leave each other or let go of each other lekaaNa -lok‡ LH V set, go down (of sun) loka m`pśśngat• L-HHLH N 3/- seven mpuungatI -sum‡ LH V sew (clothing) suma -iy‡‡nza L-HHL V refl sexual intercourse: have iyaanza m`daka‡/midaka‡ L-LLH N 3/4 shade, shadow of sth. mdakaa/midakaa -shiingisha LLLL V shake shiingisha -di’nd’hś LHHH A shallow diindihu nson’ LH N 9/10 shame nsoni [kUfa‡ nson’] to be ashamed; [kUpo—nd‡‡ nson’] to bring shame upon s.o. kapo—nd‡‡-ns—n’ L-LHHHHH N 12/- shamefulness kapoondaa-nsoni [maashIIt— g‡‡-k‡po—nd‡‡-ns—n’] shameful deeds -gaBaana LLLL V share (with others) gaBaana -saangIla LLLL V share or pool resources saangIla -gaBaaNa LLLL V share, divide gaBaaNa -Ug’ LH A sharp (of blade or point) Ugi [NUUg’] cl. 9/10 -soongokś LLLH A sharp (pointed) soongoku -soongoka LLLL V sharp (pointed): become soongoka -noola LLL V sharpen (a blade), whet noola -soonja LLL V sharpen (to a point) soonja see also carve -mooga LLL V shave mooga [m`moogi] cl. 1/2 Mholo/= LL N 9/10 sheep, ewe Mholo/= also [ikolo/makolo] cl. 5/6 cha‡nzwa.'/sha‡nzwa.' L-HL.h N 7/8 sheet, cover of the bed chaanzwa/shaanzwa shell see bark nshiimbi’/= LLLH N 9/10 shellfish, sea-shell nshiimbii/= -UB‡ LH V shelter: take (from rain or sun) UBa lUMUUda/maMUUda L-LLL N 11/6 shield lUMUUda/maMUUda -keemagIla LLLLL V shine, be bright keemagIla -Bilima LLL V shine, be bright Bilima -keema LLL V shine, be bright keema see also burn -melemeeta LLLLL V shine, be bright, glitter melemeeta see also burn -tiima LLL V shine, emit light tiima kIla‡tU.'/shila‡tU.' L-LHL.h N 7/8 shoe kIlaatU/shilaatU -las‡ LH V shoot (with bow) lasa -pIga LL V shoot (with gun) pIga idUźka.'/madUźka.' L-LHL.h N 5/6 shop idUUka/madUUka -guh• LH A short guhI hado—o. L-LHL. N 16 short while hadooo used mainly adverbially -ang•ja LHL V short: come, have not enough angIja [na‡ng•ja] I don"t have enough (e.g., money for some purchase) -ang•la LHL V short: fall, be not enough angIla [ig—po ly‡‡ng•la] the cup is not full iBega/maBega L-LL N 5/6 shoulder iBega/maBega -yog‡Na LHL V shout yogaNa -shUUnUla LLLL V show one"s teeth (of person, to indicate scorn or ridicule) shUUnUla -laanja LLL V show, teach laanja -laanga LLL V show, teach laanga ilUUmbU/BalUUmbU L-LLL N 5/2 sibling of opposite sex ilUUmbU/BalUUmbU also used between children of opposite sex of siblings of same sex m`kUlź/BakUlź L-LH N 1/2 sibling of same sex: elder; the eldest sibling regardless of sex mkUlU/BakUlU also used between children of same sex of siblings of same sex m`zuna/Bazuna L-LL N 1/2 sibling of same sex: younger mzuna/Bazuna also used between children of same sex of siblings of same sex kIfum‡‡nd‡ L-LHHH N 7/- sibling-hood (i.e. having one mother) kIfumaanda -saatś LLH A sick (of any living organism) saatu [mtI m'saatś] a sick tree -lwi’lŽ LHH A sick (of people or animals) lwiile [vv -lwi’yŽ]; [ndwi’lŽ] cl. 9 -saata LLL V sick: become saata -lwa‡la LHL V sick: become lwaala imoojo/mamoojo L-LLL N 5/6 sickle imoojo/mamoojo BUlwi’lŽ/maaBUlwi’lŽ L-LHH/LL- N 14/6+ sickness, disease BUlwiile/maaBUlwiile [vv BUlwi’yŽ] BUsaatś/maaBusaatś L-LLH/LL- N 14/6+ sickness, disease, pain BUsaatu/maaBusaatu mhel—/= LH N 9/10 side mhelo/= lwaandI•/maalwaandI• L-LLH/LL- N 11/6+ side, place lwaandII/maalwaandII kayUUng•lo./tUyUUng•lo. L-LLHL. N 12/13 sieve kayUUngIlo/tUyUUngIlo also [kaakayUUng•lo./tUUkayUUng•lo.] cl. 12+/13+ -yUUnga LLL V sift (grain or flour by shaking the sieve) yUUnga lUmeŽMh—/meŽMh— L-LHH N 11/10 sign, signal lUmeeMho/meeMho -hUl•ka LHL V silent: be hUlIka see also quiet silver see money kwIIngIla L-LLL N 15/- since kwIIngIla [kwIIngIla kUBya‡lwa kwa‡kwŽ] since her birth -Imb‡ LH V sing Imba -liB•la LHL V sink, become submerged, drown liBIla sister see sibling Mwiipw‡/Biipw‡ L-LH N 1/2 sister"s child: a man"s Mwiipwa/Biipwa -goongomala LLLLL V sit at ease goongomala -ikala LLL V sit, live (somewhere) ikala -t‡‡ndatź HHLH P NUM six taandatU [nzIla it‡‡ndatź] six paths m`ka‡g‡ L-LHH N 3/- six mkaaga Tab. saat• LLH N 9a/- six saatI used for counting without reference to any specific object -engUla LLL V skim, remove top layer from a liquid engUla ikUźnz‡/makUźnz‡ L-LHH N 5/6 skin ikUUnza/makUUnza -Ba‡ga LHL V skin (an animal) Baaga see also bark V ndIlI•/= LLH N 9/10 skin, hide ndIlII/= dim. [kadIlI•] cl. 12 kapaanga/tUpaanga L-LLL N 12/13 skull kapaanga/tUpaanga also cl. 11/6 lUpaanga/mapaanga L-LLL N 11/6 skull lUpaanga/mapaanga also cl. 12/13 sky see cloud ipI•/mapI• L-LH N 5/6 slap (with the palm of the hand) ipII/mapII [kUtUl"’’pI•] to slap; [kUm`sh"iipI•] to slap s.o. -sI•nz‡ LHH V slaughter sIInza slaughter in honour of a visitor see dot (make dots) m`zyaa/Bazyaa L-LL N 1/2 slave mzyaa/Bazyaa Tab. (tone?) m`sese/Basese L-LL N 1/2 slave msese/Basese tUlo— LLH N 9a/- sleep tUloo [tUl— yaam'BIt•la] he has fallen asleep -la‡lIla LHLL V sleep hungry: go to laalIla -la‡lIIla LHLLL V sleep on sth. or s.o. laalIIla -la‡lIja LHLL V sleep or spend the night at a certain place (i.e. not at home) laalIja -ti’nd’’la LHHHL V sleep, doze off tiindiila -la‡la LHL V sleep, spend the night laala -la‡lIkIja LHLLL V sleep: persuade a child to go to bed and laalIkIja BUNUUlźlU.' L-LLHL.h N 14/- slipperiness BUNUUlUlU -NUUlUlUka LLLLL V slippery: be NUUlUlUka hado—h‡d— L-LHHH N 16 slowly, little by little hadoohado used mainly adverbially -do— LH A small, few doo -Bel‡gUla LHLL V smash BelagUla -pyooga LLL V smear on a lot pyooga -Bil‡ LH V smear on, paint Bila -nuuMha LLL V smell (give out a bad smell), stink nuuMha [-nuuNhya] smell sth. unpleasant -moota LLL V smell (give out a pleasant smell) moota isUź L-LH N 5/- smell, odour isUU inuuBo/manuuBo L-LLL N 5/6 smell: unpleasant inuuBo/manuuBo tśu HL I smelling badly tuu -sekaaseka LLLLL V smile sekaaseka isul•lo./masul•lo. L-LHL. N 5/6 smithy isulIlo/masulIlo lyooch’/maalyooch’ L-LH/LL- N 5/6+ smoke lyoochi/maalyoochi Tab. [lyoos’] -beh‡ LH V smoke (a pipe or cigarette) beha -zuukIja LLLL V smoke towards: direct zuukIja -zuuka LLL V smoke: emit zuuka caus. [kUzuucha lyooch’] to produce smoke smooth see flat, see soft nzok‡/= LH N 9/10 snake nzoka/= also [iyok‡/mayok‡] cl. 5/6; see also cobra, spitting cobra Mhaangalźkwi.'/= LLLHL.h N 9/10 snake sp. (poisonous, hides in trees) MhaangalUkwi/= -tIn•ka LHL V snap (as of rope) tInIka lUpa/mha L-L N 11/10 snare, noose lUpa/mha -ity‡‡mula LHHLL V sneeze ityaamula -koloma LLL V snore koloma BUg—lo.' L-HL.h N 14/(6+) snuff BUgolo nsuuMho LLL N 9/- snuff nsuuMho mbat•/Baambat• LH/LL- N 1a/2+ so-and-so (a person) mbatI/BaambatI dim. [kaambat•/tUUmbat•] cl. 12/13 mb‡tI.'/= HL.h N 9/10 so-and-so (something whose name is not readily available) mbatI/= also used in other classes: [kaamb‡tI.'] cl. 12+, [lIImb‡tI.'] cl. 5+ -Boomba LLL V soak (itr.), get soaked Boomba -Boombeka LLLL V soak sth. (in a liquid) Boombeka Na‡mbo.' LHL.h N 9/- soda: caustic (made from ashes, added to snuff) Naambo -moonduś LLLH A soft (as of ground, fruit) moonduu -nogś LH A soft, cheap, easy to agree nogu -nog—lŽkś LHHH A soft, tender, smooth nogoleku -nog—leka LHLL V soft, tender, smooth: become nogoleka -moonda LLL V soft: become moonda BUlo—ngo.' L-LHL.h N 14/- soil BUloongo ipaando/mapaando L-LLL N 5/6 sole, footprint (of animal) ipaando/mapaando see also foot some see one; see other; see certain son see child m`kwI•lIma./BakwI•lIma. L-LHLL. N 1/2 son-in-law mkwIIlIma/BakwIIlIma lwIImb— L-LH N 11 song lwIImbo Tab. lyIImb—/mIImb— L-LH N 5/6 song lyIImbo/mIImbo m`logi/Balogi L-LL N 1/2 sorcerer mlogi/Balogi iloonda/maloonda L-LLL N 5/6 sore, wound iloonda/maloonda nga‡lya.' LHL.h N 9/- sorghum sp. ngaalya Tab. BUkźla.' L-HL.h N 14/- sorghum sp. (dark red, sour taste) BUkUla BUsIg‡ L-LH N 14/- sorghum sp. (Sw. mtama) BUsIga BUsuśndśh‡zś/maaBUsuśndśh‡zś L-LHHHH/LL- N 14/6+ sorrow BUsuunduhazu/maaBUsuunduhazu -suśndśhala LHHLL V sorrow: feel suunduhala sound see voice soup see sauce sour see bitter dakam‡ LLH N 9a/- south dakama [kUdakam‡ y‡‡-nhoBola] south of Tabora -miiza LLL V sow (by throwing out seeds) miiza -BIB‡ LH V sow (putting the seeds one by one into the ground) BIBa kIBIB•lo.'/shiBIB•lo.' L-LHL.h N 7/8 sowing: seed container used for kIBIBIlo/shiBIBIlo isas•/masas• L-LH N 5/6 spark isasI/masasI ichimś/machimś L-LH N 5/6 spear ichimu/machimu m`li w‡‡-nsaBo LL HH-LL spendthrift mli waa-nsaBo lit. s.o. eating wealth ta‡ndU.'/= LHL.h N 9a/10a spider taandU/= also [lIIta‡ndU.'/maata‡ndU.'] cl. 5+/6+ -idIka LLL V spill over (of liquid) idIka m`sa‡mbwa.'/misa‡mbwa.' L-LHL.h N 3/4 spirit (of dead person) msaambwa/misaambwa Tab. m`zimś/mizimś L-LH N 3/4 spirit (of dead person) mzimu/mizimu Mhol—/= LH N 9/10 spirit, soul (of living person) Mholo/= -swa‡ LH V spit swaa Suk., Kahama -tuśga LHL V spit tuuga spoil see ferment kIj’iko./shij’iko. L-HLL. N 7/8 spoon kIjiiko/shijiiko kabad—/tUbad— L-LH N 12/13 spot kabado/tUbado -an’kIla LHLL V spread (in the sun for drying) anikIla lUzwIIlo/nzwIIlo L-LLL N 11/10 spring (of water) lUzwIIlo/nzwIIlo -fuupa LLL V sprinkle by spitting fuupa -mela LL V sprout mela -zwa L V sprout, spring from the earth (of water) zwa [kUzwIIla] appl. -itźźnd‡ L-HHH V refl squat on the haunches (Sw. -chuchumaa) itUUnda -nina LL V squeeze nina kagoso/tUgoso L-LL N 12/13 squirrel kagoso/tUgoso -chima LL V stab chima [kwiich’ma] stab oneself -chimana LLL V stab (at) each other, fight with knives chimana nchimIlŽ/= LLH N 9/10 stab, knife-stroke nchimIle/= -Naata LLL V stalk carefully Naata -Im‡ LH V stand Ima nsoonda‡/= LLLH N 9/10 star nsoondaa/= kIta‡ngw‡ B‡zUg’ L-LHH H-LH star: evening kItaangwa BazUgi lit. the one who arrives before the cooks Mhaangaya LLLL N 9/- star: morning Mhaangaya -iBźźla L-HHL V refl state one"s case iBUUla -dIIla LLL V stay for a long time, overstay dIIla -iB‡ LH V steal iBa -daasa LLL A sterile (of animals) daasa -gUUmba LLL A sterile (of people) gUUmba m`la‡nga.'/mila‡nga.' L-LHL.h N 3/4 stick mlaanga/milaanga na‡nga.'/= LHL.h N 9/10 stick naanga/= lUBśgu.'/mbśgu.' L-HL.h N 11/10 stick (small) for throwing lUBugu/mbugu -pag‡ LH V stick sth. into a branching fork paga -da‡mIIla LHLLL V stick to sth. daamIIla -da‡ma LHL V stick, become hard, try hard, make a special effort daama see also cling -ta‡mb‡l‡zś LHHHH A stiff (of body) taambalazu -ta‡mb‡lala LHHLL V stiff (of body): become taambalala -id’b‡ L-HH V refl still: be, do not move idiba lUBo—la.'/mbo—la.' L-LHL.h N 11/10 sting, especially of bee lUBoola/mboola -Baanza LLL V stingy: be Baanza m`dI•Mh—/midI•Mh— L-LHH N 3/4 stirring stick (for thick porridge), spatula mdIIMho/midIIMho Mhuumbi/= LLL N 9/10 stomach Mhuumbi/= iwe/mawe L-L N 5/6 stone iwe/mawe -kom‡ LH V stop, drive in (nails or pegs), bite (of snake) koma [kUkoMw‡‡ nzok‡] to be bitten by a snake -oya LL V stop, finish oya [Bo—yag"źźkwIImb‡] they no longer sing lUgano/ngano L-LL N 11/10 story lUgano/ngano lUsum—/nsum— L-LH N 11/10 story lUsumo/nsumo -tag‡lala LHLL V straddle, stand with feet wide apart tagalala -golol—kś LLHH A straight gololoku -gololoka LLLL V straight: become gololoka -swiiza LLL V strain (liquid, esp. beer), brew (i.e., make beer) swiiza iswiizIlo/maswiizIlo L-LLLL N 5/6 strainer: beer iswiizIlo/maswiizIlo stranger see guest nguzu/= LL N 9/10 strength, force nguzu/= [naa-nguzu] with strength -tUźng‡ LHH V string beads tUUnga caus. [kUtUźnj‡] -heNŽla LHL V strip down to the loincloth heNela m`taandeŽ/mitaandeŽ L-LLLH N 3/4 strip of meat (dried) mtaandee/mitaandee -taanda LLL V strips of meat: make (for drying) taanda -botś LH A strong botu also [naa-nguzu] lit. with strength -koz’ LH A strong (of beer), intoxicating kozi -kamź LH A strong and determined kamU -la‡ng‡ LHH V stuck up high: get (as of stick thrown into mango tree) laanga [mbUl‡ yaal‡‡ng‡] the rain is held up ish’kI.'/mash’kI.' L-HL.h N 5/6 stump (of tree) ishikI/mashikI -pUlźźng‡nś LHHHH A stupid, crazy pUlUUnganu -pUlźźngana LHHLL V stupid, crazy: become pUlUUngana -leŽle.' LHL.h A stupid, foolish, crazy leele [BUleŽle.'] cl. 14 foolishness -hUźmbś LHH A stupid, slow-witted hUUmbu [mbwa‡ MhUźmbś] a stupid dog; [BUhUźmbś] cl. 14 stupidity -hUźmb‡ LHH V stupid, slow-witted: be hUUmba -liB•ja LHL V submerge liBIja -lokŽja LHL V submerge, dip (tr.) lokeja -oMh‡ LH V suck oMha kUga‡fula.' L-LHLL.h N 17 suddenly kUgaafula -duka LL V suffer, be poor duka n. ag. [m`duki] cl. 1 poor person, s.o. who suffers suk‡ali./= LHLL. N 9a/10a sugar sukaali/= igśBa.'/magśBa.' L-HL.h N 5/6 sugar cane iguBa/maguBa lyUUB‡/maalyUUB‡ L-LH/LL- N 5/6+ sun lyUUBa/maalyUUBa Tab. lIImi’/maalIImi’ LLLH/LL- N 5a/6+ sun, daytime lIImii/maalIImii [IlIIm’ yUUBa‡gi shilaambw"Uźkwaap‡] collecting honey during the day is difficult lIImi ly‡‡fśm‡ LLL HHHH sunrise lIImi lyaafuma lit. the sun has come out lIImi ly‡‡gwa LLL HHL sunset lIImi lyaagwa lit. the sun has fallen sh’ H I surely (emphasis marker for non-verbal predicates) shi [sh’ mageembe ga‡n"‡‡ya] surely these hoes are mine -ki’nd‡ LHH V surpass, overcome; (used as passive:) fail kiinda [Bo—se Ba‡k’’nd‡gwa] all have failed; see also cross -kumy‡ LH V surprised: be kumya -kaamaala LLLLL V surprised: be kaamaala kIswaah’li.' L-LLHL.h N 7/- Swahili language kIswaahili -mila LL V swallow mila ilago/malago L-LL N 5/6 swamp (low, flat piece of land that remains wet) ilago/malago -lahIla LLL V swear lahIla lUUy•lo.' L-LHL.h N 11/- sweat lUUyIlo -Uy•la LHL V sweat UyIla -pya‡gUla LHLL V sweep pyaagUla -nonelŽzś LLHH A sweet nonelezu -seemś LLH A sweet seemu Tab. -nonuś LLH A sweet nonuu -nona LL V sweet: become nona -noneela LLLL V sweet: taste noneela -nonya LL V sweeten, make sweet nonya note: [ny] (not [N]) BUnonuś L-LLH N 14/- sweetness BUnonuu -Bi’mb‡ LHH V swell Biimba -ibśśnh‡ L-HHH V refl swim ibuunha caus. [kwiibśśNhy‡] lUp‡anga./mh‡anga. L-HLL. N 11/10 sword, matchet lUpaanga/mhaanga mŽeza./= HLL. N 9/10 table meeza/= mbIk‡/= LH N 9/10 taboo, bad omen mbIka/= Mwiik—/miik— L-LH N 3/4 taboo, sth. forbidden or to be avoided Mwiiko/miiko nhoBola LLL N 9/- Tabora (n. pr. loci) nhoBola m`kIl‡/mikIl‡ L-LH N 3/4 tail mkIla/mikIla m`sum’/Basum’ L-LH N 1/2 tailor msumi/Basumi -sola LL V take sola -jaana LLL V take (s.o.) along jaana -soja LL V take away from s.o. soja -ta‡ja LHL V take by force, grab taaja -kuśmya LHL V take or get hold (of sth. with hands), touch kuumya BUyoombi L-LLL N 14/- talk BUyoombi -yoombagIla LLLLL V talk a lot yoombagIla -shIIga LLL V talk about s.o. who is absent shIIga -lomeela LLLL V talk, chat lomeela -yoomba LLL V talk, say yoomba m`yoombagIzi/BayoombagIzi L-LLLLL N 1/2 talkative person myoombagIzi/BayoombagIzi BUshishi/maaBUshishi L-LL/LL- N 14/6+ tamarind (Sw. ukwaju) BUshishi/maaBUshishi -nuka LL V tan (leather) nuka [kadIlI k‡‡-BźnukeŽ] a small tanned hide taanzan’ya. LLLHL. N 9a/- Tanzania taanzaniya -Boonja LLL V taste (by swallowing a bit) Boonja -laBUja LLL V taste (without swallowing anything) laBUja teach see show -heŽmbŽka LHHL V teach or train s.o. (in) an art or craft heembeka Mwaal’mu.'/Baal’mu.' L-LHL.h N 1/2 teacher Mwaalimu/Baalimu m`laangiishi/Balaangiishi L-LLLLL N 1/2 teacher mlaangiishi/Balaangiishi [Mwaal’mu.'] is used more commonly -taandUla LLLL V tear (apart) taandUla lwiis—zi.'/miis—zi.' L-LHL.h N 11/6 tear (of eye) lwiisozi/miisozi nseko/= LL N 9/10 teasing relationship (Sw. utani) nseko/= BUpUg— L-LH N 14/- teasing relationship (Sw. utani) BUpUgo -gana LL V tell (a story) gana -wI•la LHL V tell (s.o.) wIIla chaah‡ L-LH N 7/- temper: high, quality of becoming easily angry chaaha ikUm’/makUm’ L-LH N 5/6 ten ikUmi/makUmi [ikUm’ n‡-keenda‡] nineteen; [makUm’ ‡B•l•] twenty tendon see muscle m`swa‡/miswa‡ L-LH N 3/4 termite (white ant) mswaa/miswaa pl. [vv maamiswa‡] cl. 6+4 -BUUnga LLL V termites (or other insects): become infested or eaten up by BUUnga ituśNa.'/matuśNa.' L-LHL.h N 5/6 testicle ituuNa/matuuNa ivya/mavya L-L N 5/6 testicle ivya/mavya also [mvya] cl. 10 -lUUmba LLL V thank lUUmba [(M)wa‡BŽŽja(‡)] thank you! (lit. you did well); see also grateful kUBi’ L-LH N 15/- that (complementizer) kUBii [źUwiig‡nika kUBi (g••kI)] she thought that (thus); see also because hź- H Idx that is hU- [hź-nuśmba y‡‡kwe] that is his house; [hź-UkźmanIIcha] that is when/how you will recognize; [hź-gweŽne.'] that is why/how -Biimba LLL V thatch Biimba -BiimbUla LLLL V thatch: remove BiimbUla wiiB’ L-LH N 14/- theft wiiBi • H I then I can replace any past tense form of [-lI] in compound tenses: [• w‡‡s‡‡nga l••kI] what had you met? n’- H Idx then (consecutive), it is ni- [Inuśmba yaal• y•B’i Mh‡Na n’-na‡y•gźla‡] iuf the house had been bigger then I would have bought it; [n’-wa‡d‡kśnwa‡] you might have been devoured!; [Mwiipo—lś n’-Mwiipo—lś] in the forest things are special haanuma LL-LL N 16+ then, after that, in addition haanuma cf. [numa] kUźnU LHL there kUUnU suppletive form for Dem1 cl. 17; [vv kUnź] aho LL P DEM2 16 there aho kźUnU HLL there is the place kUUnU suppletive form for presentative Dem1 cl. 17 -gInuś LLH A thick, fat gInuu ifuumba/mafuumba L-LLL N 5/6 thicket (Sw. chaka) ifuumba/mafuumba MwiiB’/BiiB’ L-LH N 1/2 thief MwiiBi/BiiBi ita‡ng—/mata‡ng— L-LHH N 5/6 thigh itaango/mataango -do—m‡‡zś LHHHH A thin doomaazu -gaanduś LLLH A thin, slim (of people or animals) gaanduu -do—maala LHLLL V thin: be doomaala -gaanda LLL V thin: become (of people or animals) gaanda kInhU/shinhU L-L N 7/8 thing kInhU/shinhU -ig‡nika L-HLL V refl think iganika no—ta.' LHL.h N 9/- thirst noota also [ino—ta.'/mano—ta.'] cl. 5/6 kIla‡ngU.' L-LHL.h N 7/(8) thirst, the urge for having a drink (of alcohol) kIlaangU [kila‡ngU ch‡‡-w‡‡lwa(‡)] desire to drink beer li’Mhwa.'/mi’Mhwa.' L-HL.h N 5/6 thorn liiMhwa/miiMhwa BUzi/maaBUzi L-L/LL- N 14/6+ thread BUzi/maaBUzi -d‡tź HH P NUM three datU [nzIla id‡tź] three paths yaatź LLH N 9a/- three yaatU used for counting without reference to any specific object ikolomelo/makolomelo L-LLLL N 5/6 throat ikolomelo/makolomelo -poNa LL V throw poNa -taamIja LLLL V throw sth. to the ground violently taamIja ikuślume.'/makuślume.' L-LHLL.h N 5/6 thumb ikuulume/makuulume lUkUB‡/maalUkUB‡ L-LH/LL- N 11/6+ thunder lUkUBa/maalUkUBa -gilima LLL V thunder, tremor (of earthquake, of heavy rain) gilima gI•kI LHL I thus, this way gIIkI ikuundya‡/makuundya‡ L-LLLH N 5/6 tick ikuundyaa/makuundyaa -twi’na LHL V tickle twiina -taBa LL V tickle (of eyelid or lip) taBa good omen when felt in the upper eyelid or lip, bad omen when felt in the lower eyelid or lip -BaB‡ LH V tickle (of part of body) BaBa good omen when felt in the palm of the hand -tuśng‡ LHH V tie tuunga -dadIla LLL V tie firmly dadIla -Baamba LLL V tie skin onto a drum, or similar action involving looping Baamba -taBIIla LLLL V tie sth. up with ropes taBIIla [masheelo ga‡-BźtaBI•lŽ] tied-up bark-boxes ng‡ H I tight nga time (a particular point in time) see journey maka‡nz‡ L-LHH N (5)/6 time (a period of time) makaanza sg. [ika‡nz‡] moment; see also moment lUkaangala/Mhaangala L-LLLL N 11/10 time (occurrence of an event) lUkaangala/Mhaangala [Mhaangala Niing•] often idŽbe.'/madŽbe.' L-HL.h N 5/6 tin (square; containing about 4 gallon) idebe/madebe -nog‡ LH V tired: be noga -zoBa LL V tired: become zoBa mp‡k‡ HH N 9/- to, up to, until mpaka note irregular form of NPx toad see frog ituśmb‡t•/matuśmb‡t• L-LHHH N 5/6 tobacco ituumbatI/matuumbatI lUshiBo/maalUshiBo L-LL/LL- N 11/6+ tobacco: dried cake of twisted rope of lUshiBo/maalUshiBo leelo— LLLH N 9a/- today leeloo [leelo y••ngI(•)] another today toe see finger haalźmo.' LL-HL.h N 16+ together haalUmo kIIh‡mo.' LL-HL.h N 7+16/- together, also kIIhamo igolo L-LL N 5/- tomorrow, yesterday igolo [igolo lI•ng•] another tomorrow mazUźl’ L-LHH N -/6 tomorrow: day after, day before yesterday mazUUli lUlIm’/ndIm’ L-LH N 11/10 tongue, language lUlImi/ndImi kIkol—/shikol— L-LH N 7/8 tool kIkolo/shikolo liin—/miin— L-LH N 5/6 tooth liino/miino cheenge/sheenge L-LL N 7/8 torch cheenge/sheenge gulumaati/= LLLLL N 9a/10a tortoise gulumaati/= also [lIIgulumaati/maagulumaati] cl. 5+/6+ touch see hold, see take lIIkaay‡/maakaay‡ LL-LLH N 5+/6+ town lIIkaaya/maakaaya dim. [kaakaay‡/tUUkaay‡] cl. 12+/13+ m`j’ini./mij’ini. L-HLL. N 3/4 town mjiini/mijiini iBo—nd—/maBo—nd— L-LHH N 5/6 trace, footprint (of animal with claws) iBoondo/maBoondo m`teg—/miteg— L-LH N 3/4 trap mtego/mitego -ta‡fUla LHLL V trap: release taafUla -teg‡ LH V trap: set up a tega lUhe/maalUhe L-L/LL- N 11/6+ tray (from wood) lUhe/maalUhe -paanda LLL V tread, step on sth. paanda -lagUla LLL V treat patient, divine the cause of a disease lagUla -gaanga LLL V treat patient, divine the cause of a disease gaanga see also heal ndagUź/= LLH N 9/10 treatment by divination ndagUU/= m`tI•/mitI• L-LH N 3/4 tree mtII/mitII m`da‡tI.'/mida‡tI.' L-LHL.h N 3/4 tree sp. mdaatI/midaatI [lUda‡tI.'/nda‡tI.'] cl. 11/10 its (edible) fruits m`s‡laas•/mis‡laas• L-HLLH N 3/4 tree sp. msalaasI/misalaasI [lUs‡laas•/ns‡laas•] cl. 11/10 its (edible) fruits m`yoombo/miyoombo L-LLL N 3/4 tree sp. myoombo/miyoombo m`kuśwa.'/mikuśwa.' L-LHL.h N 3/4 tree sp. mkuuwa/mikuuwa [ikuśwa.'/makuśwa.'] (edible) fruit(s) of this tree m`pulś/mipulś L-LH N 3/4 tree sp. (Sw. furu) mpulu/mipulu [lUpulś/mhulś] cl. 11/10 its (edible) fruits m`suśngwi.'/misuśngwi.' L-LHL.h N 3/4 tree sp. (Sw. tarari) msuungwi/misuungwi [lUsuśngwi.'/nsuśngwi.'] cl. 11/10 its (edible) fruits m`bapa/mibapa L-LL N 3/4 tree sp. (with broad leaves) mbapa/mibapa m`geŽmbe.'/migeŽmbe.' L-LHL.h N 3/4 tree: ebony mgeembe/migeembe -ditima LLL V tremble, shake (of earth) ditima kaB•la.'/= LHL.h N 9a/10a tribe kaBIla/= isala/masala L-LL N 5/6 trick, way of doing, cl. 6: intelligence isala/masala kashi’ndyŽ LLHH N 1a/- triplet: name of last-born kashiindye lole LL I true lole [mihayo yaa-lole] true words lIIm'tI.'/maam’tI.' LL-HL.h N 5+/6+ trunk (of tree) lIImtI/maamitI lI•ntI.'/ma‡ntI.' LH-L.h N 5+/6+ trunk (of tree) lIIntI/maantI [vv lIIntI•/maantI•] itI•/matI• L-LH N 5/6 trunk (of tree) itII/matII Mhan‡ LH N 9/- truth Mhana -gema LL V try, attempt gema mbaata-m`z’inga./= LLL-LHLL. N 9/10 turkey mbaata-mziinga/= lit. duck-cannon -galUla LLL V turn, invert galUla iBas‡/maBas‡ L-LH N 5/6 twin iBasa/maBasa shi’ja.' LHL.h N 1a/- twin: name of child born after shiija kślwa.' HL.h N 1a/- twin: name of first-born kulwa do—to.' LHL.h N 1a/- twin: name of second-born dooto -bot‡ LH V twist bota -No—ng‡ LHH V twist Noonga -sogota LLL V twist (e.g. rope) sogota -myo—la LHL V twist (especially neck) myoola -shiBa LL V twist (into some particular shape, as tobacco) shiBa -B•l• HH P NUM two BIlI [BaanhU BaB•l•] two people, [nzila iB•l•] two paths BIIl• LLH N 9a/- two BIIlI used for counting without reference to any specific object mbIka/= LL N 9/10 type, sort mbIka/= ugly see bad myeete L-LL N -/4 unappreciativeness myeete uncle see father"s younger/elder brother, mother"s brother -kuśndźla LHHL V uncover, take off lid kuundUla -zuśla LHL V undress zuula -goondoola LLLLL V unfold goondoola -byeŽda LHL V ungrateful: be, do not appreciate byeeda lUsaangI• L-LLLH N 11/- union, community lUsaangII wiiy’’gwŽ L-LHHH N 14/- unity wiiyiigwe magazi maBi’ L-LL L-LH unlucky, bad luck magazi maBii lit. blood bad; [m`nhU waa-magazi maBi’] an unlucky person -BIs• LH A unripe, raw BIsI [Nama mbIs•] raw meat -tuśngźla LHHL V untie tuungUla until see to -dubUla LLL V uproot dubUla -suBaala LLLL V urinate suBaala maasu LL-L N -/6+ urine maasu [tUUsu] cl. 13+ a drop of urine -tUm•ka LHL V usable: be, be sendable tUmIka -tUm•la LHL V use tUmIla -manIIla LLLL V use (to do), get accustomed manIIla -im‡nIIla L-HLLL V refl used to: be, be familiar with each other imanIIla isśka.'/masśka.' L-HL.h N 5/6 used up hoe (or other metal instrument) isuka/masuka [isśka ly‡‡-lźshUź] a used up or worn out knife No/= L N 9/10 vagina No/= lyoom‡/moom‡ LLH N 5/6 valley lyooma/mooma Mwaanz’/myaanz’ L-LH N 3/4 vein Mwaanzi/myaanzi -’geetś HLLH A venturesome igeetu -’geeta H-LLL V refl venturesome: be igeeta m`no— L-LH N 3/- very mnoo [m`n— gweŽne] very much no—-no—-no LH-LH-L I very noo-noo-no kIseme/shiseme L-LL N 7/8 vessel, container kIseme/shiseme kIBaanda/shiBaanda L-LLL N 7/8 village kIBaanda/shiBaanda kIzeengelo/shizengelo L-LLLL N 7/8 village kIzeengelo/shizengelo igUźngźl’/magUźngźl’ L-LHHH N 5/6 village: large igUUngUli/magUUngUli m`zwi’/mizwi’ L-LH N 3/4 voice, sound mzwii/mizwii -lUk‡ LH V vomit lUka mbeeshi/= LLL N 9/10 vulture mbeeshi/= also [iBeeshi/maBeeshi] cl. 5/6 m`kI•mb•l•/mikI•mb•l• L-LHHH N 3/4 waist mkIImbIlI/mikIImbIlI -liindIIla LLLLL V wait for liindIIla -liinda LLL V wait, guard liinda appl. [kUliindIla] guard with (instr.) -miisha LLL V wake up (tr. and itr.) miisha -keeyUla LLLL V wake, stay awake all night keeyUla -yUźmb‡ LHH V walk yUUmba -shim’’nza LHHL V walk shimiinza -kiN‡‡ngIla LHHLL V walk showing off kiNaangIla igelŽlŽ/magelŽlŽ L-LHH N 5/6 wall igelele/magelele iseenge/maseenge L-LLL N 5/6 wall, partition in house or room iseenge/maseenge want see search BUlUgUź/maaBUlUgUź L-LLH/LL- N 14/6+ war BUlUgUU/maaBUlUgUU -lUUngUzś LLLH A warm lUUngUzu -ot‡ LH V warm oneself at a fire ota -lUUngUla LLLL V warm: become lUUngUla igIlI/magIlI L-LL N 5/6 warthog (Sw. ngiri) igIlI/magIlI -ka‡nz‡ LHH V wash (clothes) kaanza -kal‡Ba LHL V wash (hands) kalaBa [-ik‡l‡Ba] wash one"s hands -guusa LLL V wash (vessels) guusa -og‡ LH V wash oneself, take a bath oga [-oj‡] wash s.o. -shiinga LLL V wash the back: help one"s husband to shiinga -ta‡ga LHL V waste, throw away taaga Tab. m`ta‡gagUzi./Bata‡gagUzi. L-LHLLL. N 1/2 wasteful person mtaagagUzi/BataagagUzi Tab. -il—leela L-HLLL V refl watch iloleela miinz• L-LH N -/6 water miinzI -puunga LLL V wave puunga iBIImbI/maBIImbI L-LLL N 5/6 wave iBIImbI/maBIImbI Suk. -puuga LLL V wave away flying insects puuga iisŽ LLH P SUBST we iise nsaBo/= LL N 9/10 wealth nsaBo/= -suka LL V weave, plait suka [kUsuka m`gek‡] to weave a mat; [kUsuka nzwI•lI] to plait hair wIInga/maawIInga L-LL N 14/6+ wedding wIInga/maawIInga ngesŽ/= LH N 9/10 weed ngese/= -lImIIla ngesŽ LLLL LH weed lImIIla ngese lit. hoe-for weeds iluumba/maluumba L-LLL N 5/6 weed sp. iluumba/maluumba these weeds are soaked in water which is then sprinkled around the house to keep away mosquitos by its smell well see [-sog‡] good lwiinz•/maalwiinz• L-LH/LL- N 11/6+ well lwiinzI/maalwiinzI m' H I well m m`m`Mhś LLH I well and then (also used to prompt the teller of a story) mmMhu lUźlU LHL I well, well now (Sw. basi) lUUlU [Moombe lUźlU zifśme(Ž)] well, the cows should come now gash’ LH I well, whereas, therefore (Sw. kumbe) gashi [gash’ lźźlU] well then Mweel’ LLH N 9a/- west Mweeli [kUMweel’ y‡‡-nhoBola] west of Tabora; [kUpeela Mweel’] become crazy sIIma‡/= LLLH N 9a/10a wet piece of ground sIImaa/= -doto LL A wet, fresh doto -dota LL V wet: be dota [-dotya] make wet kI• LH I what, what kind of, which kII [kI ‡kahaya] what did he say?; [lIIkI•] N 5+ what kind of creature? -kI• LH Encl what, what kind of, which kII [akahaya-kI•] what did he say?; [kUUngUno-kI] why?; [nuś!mb‡-kI] what kind of/which house? naan‡lI LLHL I when naanalI [akaja naan‡lI] when did he go? when (introducing relative clause) see where -heŽ LH Encl where hee [Bal•-he] where are they?; [alI-h"Uźm`ya‡nda] where is the boy? maaheŽ LLLH I where maahee [akaja maahe] where did he go? -heŽ LH P where hee only used in locative classes: [haheŽ / kUheŽ / m`heŽ] aho LL P DEM2 16 where, when (introducing relative clauses) aho [aho tUźkIl•laga] where we cross; [akafa ‡ho nakaBya‡lwa] she died when I was born aha LL P DEM1 16 where, when (introducing relative clauses) aha heŽ LH I which hee used in connexive: [BaanhU Ba‡-he] which people?; see where; see what -Ij‡ LH V while away the evening hours before going to sleep Ija caus. [-ig•ja] m`lUl’/milUl’ L-LH N 3/4 whistle (the whistling sound) mlUli/milUli [kUtUl‡ m'lUl’] to whistle pŽ H I white, bright, clean pe [Mweend‡ gw‡a-pŽ] a white cloth; see also light BUUpŽ LL-H N 14+/- whiteness BUUpe na‡n’ LHH I who naani [na‡n’ ‡kaja vv akaja na‡n’i] who went? whole, entire see all why see because -galIhś LLH A wide galIhu -galI• LLH A wide galII -baap‡g‡zś LLHHH A wide, broad baapagazu -baapaala LLLLL V wide, broad: become, make oneself wide (as a goalkeeper does) baapaala -galIha LLL V wide: become galIha widow see divorced woman m`keŽ/BakeŽ L-LH N 1/2 wife mkee/Bakee kIImbźlU.'/= LLHL.h N 9a/10a wildcat kIImbUlU/= also [lIIkIImbźlU.'/maakIImbźlU.'] cl. 5+/6+ nshi’mb‡-m‡‡ngź/= LHH-HHH N 9/10 wildcat sp. nshiimba-maangU/= mbuushi/= LLL N 9/10 wildebeest, gnu mbuushi/= also [iBuushi/maBuushi] cl. 5/6 muyaga‡/miyaga‡ L-LLH N 3/4 wind muyagaa/miyagaa also [lIImuyaga‡/maamuyaga‡] cl. 5+3/6+3 Naga‡ LLH N 9/- wind Nagaa also [lIINaga‡/maaNaga‡] cl. 5+/6+ idil’sha.'/madil’sha.' L-LHL.h N 5/6 window idilisha/madilisha Mheengelezi/= LLLLL N 9/10 window (a small, round hole in the wall of a house) Mheengelezi/= inana‡/manana‡ L-LLH N 5/6 wing inanaa/mananaa -heh‡ LH V winnow heha -futa LL V wipe, rub futa BUlok— L-LH N 14/- wisdom (the collected knowledge, e.g. of a singer) BUloko wise see mature -ikźźmbw‡ L-HHH V refl wish, desire ikUUmbwa see also love m`soz’/Basoz’ L-LH N 1/2 witch, wizard msozi/Basozi Tab. na- L Idx with, and na- [waaB‡‡gi na-Baan‡] she has got children mashźUda./BaamashźUda. LHLL./LL- N 1a/2+ witness mashUUda/BaamashUUda m`shIIk’/BashIIk’ L-LLH N 1/2 woman mshIIki/BashIIki m`kI•ma.'/BakI•ma.' L-LHL.h N 1/2 woman mkIIma/BakIIma m`di’nha.'/Badi’nha.' L-LHL.h N 1/2 woman (used among women friends of the same age group) mdiinha/Badiinha mhel‡-By‡‡l‡/= LHHHH N 9/10 woman past the age of bearing children mhela-Byaala/= m`gi’kźlź/Bagi’kźlź L-LHHH N 1/2 woman: old mgiikUlU/BagiikUlU m`hala/Bahala L-LL N 1/2 woman: young mhala/Bahala m`hayo/mihayo L-LL N 3/4 word, discussion, (traditional) case mhayo/mihayo [mihayo mifuumbuś] proverbs m`lImo/milImo L-LL N 3/4 work mlImo/milImo -tUm‡ma LHL V work tUmama m`tUm‡mi./BatUm‡mi. L-LHL. N 1/2 worker mtUmami/BatUmami weeleelo LLLLL N 5a/- world, universe, god weeleelo m`No—ng—tolo./miNo—ng—tolo. L-LHHLL. N 3/4 worm mNoongotolo/miNoongotolo m`N—lol—/miN—lol— L-HLH N 3/4 worm mNololo/miNololo idaaso/madaaso L-LLL N 5/6 worn piece of clothing idaaso/madaaso wound see sore -andIka LLL V write andIka m`kenaagUzi/BakenaagUzi L-LLLLL N 1/2 wrong-doer, offender mkenaagUzi/BakenaagUzi -kenaagUla LLLLL V wrong: do kenaagUla mal’imba. LHLL. N 9/- xylophone maliimba -ayźla LHL V yawn ayUla Mwaak‡/myaak‡ L-LH N 3/4 year Mwaaka/myaaka Mwaak’’zo.' L-LHHL.h N 3/- year: next or last Mwaakiizo mook——n— LLHHH N 3/- year: this mookoono nz‡ano. HLL. N 9/- yellow nzaano [Mweend‡ gw‡a-nz‡ano] a yellow cloth Že HL I yes ee yesterday see tomorrow yesterday: day before see day after tomorrow iiMwŽ LLH P SUBST you (pl.) iiMwe BeeBŽ LLH P SUBST you (sg.) BeeBe kaBuśnd‡/tUBuśnd‡ L-LHH N 12/13 young animal (dog, cat, any carnivore) kaBuunda/tUBuunda young herbivore animal: see calf -elŽŽle.' LHHL.h A young: very, infantile eleele [Mwaan‡ MweelŽŽle] baby ndUźlU.'/= LHL.h N 9/10 zebra ndUUlU/=