John Ohala, Emeritus Lab Director

John J. Ohala is Emeritus Professor of Linguistics. He has been on the Berkeley faculty since 1970. His research interests are in experimental phonology and phonetics and ethological aspects of communication, including speech perception, sound change, phonetic and phonological universals, psycholinguistic studies in phonology, and sound symbolism.

CV

• Milestones
  • Born: 19 July 1941 in Chicago, Illinois
  • Married: 24 November 1969 in New Delhi, India, to Manjari Agrawal
• Degrees
  • A.B., English, June 1963, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
  • M.A., Linguistics, June 1966, UCLA
  • Ph.D., Linguistics, June 1969, UCLA (Dissertation directed by Peter Ladefoged)
• "Gigs" (Employment)
  • From my teens to approximately age 24 I had various part-time, low-paying, jobs as: caddy, short-order cook, factory worker, gardener, usher, babysitter, photographer, editor, Coordinator of Language Instruction in a Peace Corps Training Program, and research assistant.
  • Assistant Professor, Department of Linguistics, University of California, Berkeley, April 1970-June 1972.
  • Associate Professor, Department of Linguistics, University of California, Berkeley, July 1972-June 1977.
  • Professor, Department of Linguistics, University of California, Berkeley, July 1977 - present.
  • Visiting Researcher, Bell Telephone Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ, summer 1970.
  • Exchange Assistant Professor, University of California, Santa Cruz, summer 1971, summer 1972.
  • Visiting Lektor, Institute of Phonetics, University of Copenhagen, September - November 1973.
  • Exchange Professor, Department of Linguistics, UCLA, January - March 1981.
  • Lecturer, Summer Symposium on Acoustic Phonetics and Speech Modelling, 22 June - 31 July 1981, Williams College, Williamstown, MA; sponsored by Institute for Defense Analyses, Princeton, NJ.
  • Visiting Professor, Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD. [Linguistic Society of America Summer Institute], summer 1982.
  • Lecturer, Arab School on Science and Technology, Session on "Applied Arabic Linguistics and Information and Signal Processing." Rabat, Morocco. 26 Sept - 5 Oct 1983.
  • Lecturer, NATO Advanced Studies Institute ("New Systems and Architectures for Automatic Speech Recognition and Synthesis"), Bonas, Gers, France, 2 - 14 July 1984.
  • Lecturer, NATO Advanced Studies Institute ("Speech Production and Speech Modelling"), Bonas, Gers, France, 17-29 July 1989.
  • Exchange Professor, Department of Phonetics, Leningrad State University. 25 May - 9 June 1990. (Under exchange program between Univ of California and Leningrad State Univ.)
  • AGT, Ltd. Visiting Professor in Linguistics, University of Alberta, Edmonton. 1 Jan 91 - 31 Dec 92. [AGT, Ltd. was the telephone company providing long-distance service in the province of Alberta.]
  • Invited Lecturer for Short Course of Five Lectures: "Phonetic and psychological aspects of phonology", LOT (Landelijke Onderzoeksschool Taalwetenschap), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam. 7-11 June 1993.
  • Visiting Professor, Université de Paris VII; 9 lectures on "Phonetics and Phonology" including one public lecture on "Smiles, sex, and the symbolic use of speech sound." 28 Oct - 21 Nov 94.
  • Invited lecture series "Comprehension of US Dialects / Accents", Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, on the occasion of the 20th Anniversary of Escuela de Idiomas Modernos; 13 - 24 June 1994. [Sponsored by the USIA.]
  • Invited lecture series "Relation between Acoustic Parameters, Linguistic Sounds, and Perception." Linguistics Graduate Department, Universidad de los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela; 27 - 29 June 1994.
  • Invited Lecture Series (3): “The phonetics of phonology,” University of Stellenbosch (Stellenbosch), University of South Africa (Pretoria), and University of Venda, (Thohoyandou), South Africa, 15-30 March 1997.
  • Invited Lecturer: ESCA Workshop/International Summer School "Speech Processing, Recognition, and Artificial Neural Networks" International Institute for Advanced Scientific Studies, Vietri sul Mare, Salerno, Italy. 5 - 14 October 1998.
  • Invited Lecture Series (4): “Phonetics in phonology,” Université Lumière-Lyon II. 2 – 25 Jan 1999.
  • Invited lecture series (5), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 13-17 March 2000.
  • Invited lecture series (6), Department of Linguistics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais & CNPq, Belo Horizonte, 18-25 March 2000.
  • Visiting Professor, Short Course, Phonetics in Phonology, Univ. California, Santa Barbara, CA; Linguistic Society of America Summer Institute. 25 June – 13 July 2001.
  • Visiting Professor, ABRALIN (Summer Ling. Institute at Univ Brasilia, sponsored by Assoc. of Brazilian Linguistics), Summer 2005.
  • Visiting Professor, Dept Chinese, Translation, and Linguistics at City University of Hong Kong, 1-30 Nov 2005.
  • Invited speaker, Fonología instrumental: Patrones fónicos y variación. Coloquio Internacional y Seminarios. Centro de Estudios Lingüísticos y Literarios, Laboratorio de Estudios Fónicos. El Colegio de México. 23-27 October 2006.
• Awards for Research/Teaching Abroad
  • National Science Foundation Post-Doctoral Fellow, Research Institute of Logopedics and Phoniatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 1969-1970.
  • Fulbright (Senior, Lecturing) Fellowship, Institute of Phonetics, University of Copenhagen, January-June 1985.
• Honors
  • Festschrift, edited by Jeri J. Jaeger, Language & Speech, Vol. 35, Parts 1 & 2 [v-249]
  • Ph.D, Honoris Causa, University of Copenhagen, 19 November 1992.
  • Fellow, Acoustical Society of America, 1995.
  • Subject of biographical Article 'An initiator of integrative phonology' published in Guówài Y??yánxué ?[Linguistics Abroad] 1992, no. 2, pp. 40-41. [This same issued featured a Chinese translation of my plenary address to the 12th Int. Congr. of Phonetic Sciences, Aix-en-Provence.]
  • Conférence: Un siècle de phonétique expérimentale : histoire et développement. De Théodore Rosset à John Ohala." [A Century of Experimental Phonetics: Its History and Development from Théodore Rosset to John Ohala], Université Stendhal, Grenoble, France, 24-25.
  • International Speech Communication Association [ISCA] Medal for Scientific Achievement, 2006.
  • Subject of a conference at University of California Berkeley, “Methods in Phonology, honoring John Ohala” [a 3-day meeting on the occasion of my retirement] June 2004
• Invited Plenary/Semi-plenary Talks
  • "Experimental historical phonology." 1st International Conference on Historical Linguistics Edinburgh, Scotland, 2 - 7 Sept 1973.
  • "Phonetic explanation in phonology." Chicago Linguistic Society, Parasession on Natural Phonology, Chicago, 18 Apr 1974.
  • "Labio-velars and de Saussure's chess analogy." 9th International Congr. of Phonetic Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark, 6 -11 Aug 1979.
  • "The listener as a source of sound change." Chicago Linguistic Society, Parasession on Language and Behavior, Chicago, 1 May 1981.
  • "The phonological end justifies any means." 13th Int. Cong. of Linguists, Tokyo. 29 Aug. - Sept. 1982.
  • "The direction of sound change." 10th International Congr. of Phonetic Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 1 - August 1983.
  • "Explanation, evidence, and experiment in phonology." 5th Phonology Meeting, Eisenstadt, Austria, 25 - 28 June 1984.
  • "Experimental phonology." Berkeley Linguistics Society, 13th Ann. Conference, Berkeley, 14 Feb 1987.
  • "The phonetics and phonology of aspects of assimilation." First Conference on Laboratory Phonology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 5-7 June 1987.
  • "Sound change is drawn from a pool of synchronic variation." Symposium on "The causes of language change, do we know them yet?" University of Tromsö, Norway, 15-17 October 1987.
  • "Segments: Primitive or derived?" 2nd International Laboratory Phonology Conference, Edinburgh. 30 June - 3 July 1989.
  • "What's cognitive, what's not, in historical phonology." International Symposium on 'Diachrony within synchrony'. Univ of Duisburg (Germany). 26-28 Mar 1990.
  • "Alternatives to the sonority hierarchy for explaining morpheme structure constraints". Chicago Linguistic Society Parasession on the Phonetics and Phonology of the Syllable. 26-28 April 1990.
  • [Keynote Speech] "The integration of phonology and phonetics." 12th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, Aix-en-Provence, France, 19-24 August 1991.
  • [Keynote Speech]: "The acoustics of speech: a link between the behavioral and physical sciences." Annual Meeting of the Canadian Acoustical Association, Edmonton, Alberta, 9-10 Oct 1991.
  • [With Manjari Ohala] "Nasals and nasalization in Hindi." 3rd International Symposium on Language and Linguistics: Pan-Asiatic Linguistics. Chulalongkorn Univ., Bangkok, Thailand. 8-10 Jan 92.
  • "A critique of autosegmental phonology." ESCOL [Eastern States Conference on Linguistics], SUNY Buffalo, 13-15 Nov 92.
  • Series of 6 Lectures: "Le Lezioni comparettiane" (series founded by l'Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei in honor of Domenico Comparetti). Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa. 22-29 March 1993. [Topic "The physics and psychology of phonology."]
  • "Emergent obstruents: phonetic and diachronic evidence." Symposium on Sound Change. Belgian Linguistics Society, 9-11 December 1993.
  • "Speech perception is hearing sounds, not tongues," for a special session, "Speech recognition and perception from an articulatory point of view.": Spring Mtg, Acoust. Soc. Am., Cambridge, MA, 6-10 June 1994.
  • "Smiles, sex, and the symbolic use of speech sounds." Int. Conf. on Spoken Language Processing, 18-22 Sep 1994, Yokohama.
  • Commencement speaker, Spring 1995 Graduation ceremony, Department of Linguistics, University of California, Berkeley.
  • 13th Int. Congr. Phonetic Sciences, Stockholm, 13-19 August 1995, organizer, semi-plenary: "Phonetic explanations for sound patterns," .
  • Four plenary lectures. “Phonetics in phonology,” “Aerodynamics of phonology,” “Emergent stops,” “Sound symbolism.” Seoul International Conference on Linguistics, Seoul, Korea, 11-15 Aug 1997.
• Editorial Service
  • Speech Communication, Permanent Advisory Committee, 1993-.
  • Phonetica, Member, Editorial Board, 1978 - ; North American Editor 1986 - 1989.
  • Journal of Phonetics, Advisory Editor, 1985 - present.
  • Canadian Journal of Linguistics, Member, Editorial Board, 1983 -1985.
  • Language Sciences, Associate Editor, 1979 - 1990.
  • Phonology Yearbook, Member, Editorial Board, 1983 - 1991.
  • Studia Phonetica Posnaniensia, Member, Editorial Board, 1985 -.
  • Studies in Speech Science and Communication (Cambridge University Press monograph series), Member, Editorial Board, 1987 - 1992; Series co-editor 1992-
  • Pergamon Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics. Section Editor: Speech Science and Phonetics. 1988-1994.
  • Rivista di Linguistica, Editorial Board, 1996 --2001.
  • Language Review Committee, Member (1981), Chair (1982).
  • Netherlands Phonetic Archive (Foris); changed to: Speech Research (Mouton de Gruyter). Monograph series), Member, Editorial Board, 1990--1995.
  • Links & Letters, (Universitat Autònoma, Barcelona) Editorial Board, 1997-
  • Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. Consulting Editor 1997-1998.
• Consulting
  • Berkeley Systems Works (aka: Berkeley Speech Technologies), Jan - Feb 1982; Spring 1989.
  • Speech Plus, Inc., [Now Centigram Communications Corp] 4415 Fortran Ct., San Jose, CA 95143, Aug-Dec 1984.
  • Hewlett Packard Labortories, Speech Research Department, 1501 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA 94303. June 1985 - June 1986.
  • Digital Sound Corporation, 2030 Alameda Padre Serra, Santa Barbara, CA 93103. April--December 1986.
  • Rainoldi, Kerzner, & Radcliffe [Advertising Agency], The Hearst Building, 5 Third St., Suite 222, San Francisco, CA 94103. October 1986 - 1987.
  • Infovox AB, Box 2503, S - 171 02 Solna, Sweden. October 1986.
  • AGT, Ltd., Alberta, Canada. 1 Jan 91 - 31 Dec 92.
  • International Computer Science Institute, Berkeley, CA. Mar 1996 – present; member of the ICSI Advisory Board.
• Professional
  • Linguistic Society of America (life member)
  • Acoustical Society of America (1967 - present)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (1966 -1990)
  • International Phonetic Assoc. (life member)
  • New York Academy of Sciences (life member)
  • Language Origins Society (1989 - 1995)
  • European Speech Communication Association (now: International Speech Communication Association) (1991 - present)

Selected Publications

• Ohala, J. J. 1966. A new photoelectric glottograph. Working papers in phonetics (UCLA) 4.40-52.
• Hirano, M. & Ohala, J. J. 1969. Use of hooked-wire electrodes for electromyography of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles. J. Speech & Hearing Res. 12.362 - 73.
• Ohala, J. J. & Hirose, H. 1969. The function of the sternohyoid muscle in speech. Reports of the Autumn Meeting of the Acoust. Soc. of Japan, 359 - 360.
• Ohala, J. J. 1971. Monitoring soft-palate movements in speech. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 50.140. [Abstract] [Full text: Project on Linguistic Analysis Reports (Berkeley) 13.JO1-JO15 (1971).]
• Ohala, J. J. 1971. The role of physiological and acoustic models in explaining the direction of sound change. Project on Linguistic Analysis Reports (Berkeley) 15.25-40.
• Ohala, J. J. 1972. How is pitch lowered? J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 52.124. [Abstract] Ms. written in 1973, expanding on this topic.
• Ohala, J. J. 1972. How to represent natural sound patterns. Project on Linguistic Analysis (Berkeley) 16.40-57.
• Ohala, J. J. 1972. The physiology of tone. In: L. M. Hyman (ed.), Consonant types and tone. So. Calif. Occasional Papers in Linguistics (Univ. of So. Calif.) 1.1-14.
• Ohala, M. & Ohala, J. J. 1973. The problem of aspiration in Hindi phonetics. [In Hindi] In: Hindi Bhashavigyan Ank Hindi. Delhi: Central Hindi Directorate, Ministry of Education and Social Welfare, Govt. of India. 67 - 72. [Reprinted in English translation in: Project on Linguistic Analysis Reports (Berkeley) 16.63 - 70 (1972), and Ann. Rep., Res. Inst. of Logopedics and Phoniatrics (Univ. of Tokyo) 6.39 - 46 (1972).]
• 34.5 Ohala, J. J. 1973. Explanations for the intrinsic pitch of vowels. Unpub. Ms.
• Ohala, J. J. 1974. Experimental historical phonology. In: J. M. Anderson & C. Jones (eds.), Historical linguistics II. Theory and description in phonology. [Proc. of the 1st Int. Conf. on Historical Linguistics. Edinburgh, 2 - 7 Sept. 1973.] Amsterdam: North Holland. 353 - 389.
• Ohala, J. J. 1975. Phonetic explanations for nasal sound patterns. In: C. A. Ferguson, L. M. Hyman, & J. J. Ohala (eds.), Nasálfest: Papers from a symposium on nasals and nasalization. Stanford: Language Universals Project. 289 - 316.
• Ohala, J. J. 1975. A mathematical model of speech aerodynamics. In: G. Fant (ed.), Speech Communication. [Proc., Speech Comm. Seminar. Stockholm, 1 - 3 Aug. 1974.] Vol. 2: Speech production and synthesis by rule. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell. 65 - 72.
• Ohala, J. J. 1975. The temporal regulation of speech. In: G. Fant & M. A. A. Tatham (eds.), Auditory analysis and the perception of speech. New York: Academic Press. 431 - 453. [preprint, dated 1973]
• Ohala, J. J. & Lyberg, B. 1976. Comments on 'Temporal interaction within a phrase and sentence context' [Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 56, 1258 - 1265 (1975)]. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 59.990 - 992.
• Ohala, J. J. 1977. The physiology of stress. In: L. M. Hyman (ed.), Studies in stress and accent. [So. Calif. Occasional Papers in Linguistics (Univ. So. Calif.)] 4.145 -168.
• Ohala, J. J. & Lorentz, J. 1977. The story of [w]: an exercise in the phonetic explanation for sound patterns. Berkeley Ling. Soc., Proc., Ann. Meeting 3.577 - 599.
• Ohala, J. J. 1978. Southern Bantu vs. the world: the case of palatalization of labials. Berkeley Ling. Soc., Proc., Ann. Meeting 4.370 - 386.
• Ohala, J. J. 1978. The production of tone. In: V. A. Fromkin (ed.), Tone: a linguistic survey. New York: Academic Press. 5 - 39.
• Ohala, J. J. 1978. Phonological notations as models. In: W. U. Dressler and W. Meid (eds.), Proc., 12th Int. Cong. of Linguists, Vienna, Aug. 28 - Sept. 2, 1977. Innsbruck: Innsbrucker Beitrage zur Sprachwissenschaft. 811 - 816.
• Ohala, J. J. 1979. The contribution of acoustic phonetics to phonology. In: B. Lindblom & S. Öhman (eds.), Frontiers of speech communication research. London: Academic Press. 355 - 363.
• Ohala, J. J. 1979. Universals of labial velars and de Saussure's chess analogy. Proc., 9th Int. Cong. of Phonetic Sciences. Vol. 2. Copenhagen: Institute of Phonetics. 41 - 47.
• Ohala, J. J. 1979. Phonetic universals in phonological systems and their explanation. [Summary of symposium moderator's introduction.] Proc., 9th Int. Cong. of Phonetic Sciences. Vol. 2. Copenhagen: Institute of Phonetics. 5 - 8.
• Ohala, J. J. & Riordan, C. J. 1979. Passive vocal tract enlargement during voiced stops. In: J. J. Wolf & D. H. Klatt (eds.), Speech communication papers. New York: Acoust. Soc. of Am. 89 - 92. [Abstract: J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 65.S23 (1978).]
• Hombert, J.-M., Ohala, J. J., & Ewan, W. G. 1979. Phonetic explanations for the development of tones. Language 55.37 - 58.
• Ohala, J. J. 1980. Moderator's summary of symposium on 'Phonetic universals in phonological systems and their explanation'. Proc., 9th Int. Cong. of Phonetic Sciences. Vol. 3. Copenhagen: Institute of Phonetics. 181 - 194.
• Ohala, J. J. 1980. The acoustic origin of the smile. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 68.S33. [Abstract]
• Ohala, J. J. 1980. The application of phonological universals in speech pathology. In: N. J. Lass (ed.), Speech and language. Advances in basic research and practice. Vol. 3. New York: Academic Press. 75-97.
• Greenlee, M. & Ohala, J. J. 1980. Phonetically motivated parallels between child phonology and historical sound change. Language Sciences 2.283-308.
• Ohala, J. J. & Gilbert, J. B. 1981. Listeners' ability to identify languages by their prosody. In: P. Leon & M. Rossi (eds.), Problèmes de prosodie, Vol. II: Experimentations, modeles et fonctions. [Studia Phonetica 18]. Ottawa: Didier. 123-131.
• Ohala, J. J. 1981. Articulatory constraints on the cognitive representation of speech. In: T. Myers, J. Laver, & J. Anderson (eds.), The cognitive representation of speech. Amsterdam: North Holland. 111 - 122.
• Ohala, J. J. 1981. The listener as a source of sound change. In: C. S. Masek, R. A. Hendrick, & M. F. Miller (eds.), Papers from the Parasession on Language and Behavior. Chicago: Chicago Ling. Soc. 178 - 203.
• Ohala, J. J. 1981. Speech timing as a tool in phonology. Phonetica 38.204-217.
• Ohala, J. J. 1983. The phonological end justifies any means. In: S. Hattori & K. Inoue (eds.), Proc. of the XIIIth Int. Cong. of Linguists, Tokyo, 29 Aug. - 4 Sept. 1982. Tokyo. [Distributed by Sanseido Shoten.] 232 - 243.
• Ohala, J. J. 1983. The origin of sound patterns in vocal tract constraints. In: P. F. MacNeilage (ed.), The production of speech. New York: Springer-Verlag. 189 - 216.
• Ohala, J. J. 1983. Modern applied linguistics. In: Proceedings of the Arab School on Science and Technology, First Fall Session: Applied Arabic Linguistics and Signal and Information Processing. Damascus, Syria. 51 - 62.
• Ohala, J. J. 1984. An ethological perspective on common cross - language utilization of F0 of voice. Phonetica 41.1 - 16.
• Ohala, J. J. 1984. Chairman's summary of Symposium on Phonetic Explanation in Phonology. In: M. P. R. van den Broecke and A. Cohen (eds.), Proc., 10th Int. Congr. of Phonetic Sciences. Dordrecht: Foris. 175 - 182.
• Ohala, J. J. & Kawasaki, H. 1984. Prosodic phonology and phonetics. Phonology Yearbook 1.113 - 127.
• Ohala, J. J. 1985. Around flat. In: V. Fromkin (ed.), Phonetic linguistics. Essays in honor of Peter Ladefoged. Orlando, FL: Academic Press. 223-41.
• Ohala, J. J. & Jaeger, J. J. 1986. Introduction. In J. J. Ohala & J. J. Jaeger (eds.), Experimental phonology. Orlando, FL: Academic Press. 1 - 12.
• Ohala, J. J. & Ohala, M. 1986. Testing hypotheses regarding the psychological manifestation of morpheme structure constraints. In J. J. Ohala & J. J. Jaeger (eds.), Experimental phonology. Orlando, FL: Academic Press. 239 - 252.
• Ohala, J. J. 1986. Against the direct realist view of speech perception. Journal of Phonetics 14.75 - 82.
• Ohala, J. J. 1986. Consumer's guide to evidence in phonology. Phonology Yearbook 3.3 - 26.
• Ohala, J. J. 1987. Experimental phonology. Proc. Ann. Meeting, Berkeley Ling. Soc. 13.207¿222.
• Ohala, J. J. 1987. Explanation in phonology: Opinions and examples. In: W. U. Dressler, H. C. Luschützky, O. E. Pfeiffer, & J. R. Rennison (eds.), Phonological 1984. Cambridge University Press. 215 - 225.
• Ohala, J. J. & Eukel, B. W. 1987. Explaining the intrinsic pitch of vowels. In: R. Channon & L. Shockey (eds.), In honor of Ilse Lehiste. Ilse Lehiste Pühendusteos. Dordrecht: Foris. 207¿215.
• Ohala, M. and Ohala, J. 1987. Psycholinguistic probes of native speakers' phonological knowledge. In: W. U. Dressler, H. C. Luschützky, O. E. Pfeiffer, & J. R. Rennison (eds.), Phonologica 1984. Cambridge University Press. 227¿233.
• Ohala, J. J. 1988. Linguistics as an experimental discipline. [Position statement.] Washington, DC: Linguistic Society of America [Ad Hoc Committee on "Linguistics in the Undergraduate Curriculum."]
• Ohala, J. J. 1989. Discussion of Lindblom's 'Phonetic invariance and the adaptive nature of speech'. In B. A. G. Elsendoorn & H. Bouma (eds.), Working models of human perception. London: Academic Press. 175¿183.
• Ohala, J. J. 1989. Sound change is drawn from a pool of synchronic variation. L. E. Breivik & E. H. Jahr (eds.), Language Change: Contributions to the study of its causes. [Series: Trends in Linguistics, Studies and Monographs No. 43]. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 173¿198.
• Ohala, J. J. 1990. Respiratory activity in speech. In W. J. Hardcastle & A. Marchal (eds.), Speech production and speech modelling. Dordrecht: Kluwer. 23¿53.
• Ohala, J. J. 1990. There is no interface between phonetics and phonology. A personal view. Journal of Phonetics. 18. 153-171.
• Ohala, J. J. & Shriberg, E. E. 1990. Hyper¿correction in speech perception. Proceedings, ICSLP 90 [International Conference on Spoken Language Processing, Kobe 18¿22 Nov 1990]. Vol. 1, pp. 405¿408.
• Ohala, J. J. 1990. The phonetics and phonology of aspects of assimilation. [And: A response to Pierrehumbert's commentary] In J. Kingston & M. Beckman (eds.), Papers in Laboratory Phonology I: Between the grammar and the physics of speech. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 258¿275; 280¿282.
• Ohala, J. J. 1991. The integration of phonetics and phonology. Proceedings of the XIIth International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, Aix¿en¿Provence, 19¿24 Aug 1991. Vol. 1, pp. 1¿16.
• Ohala, M. & Ohala, J. J. 1991. Epenthetic nasals in the historical phonology of Hindi. Proceedings of the XIIth International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, Aix¿en¿Provence, 19¿24 Aug 1991. Vol. 3, pp. 126¿129.
• Ohala, M. & Ohala, J. 1991. Nasal epenthesis in Hindi [plus: Ohala, J. J. & Ohala, M., Reply to commentators]. Phonetica 48.207¿220; 271¿274.
• Ohala, J. J. 1992. What is the input to the speech production mechanism? in: Y. Tohkura, E. Vatikiotis¿Bateson, Y. Sagisaka (eds.), Speech perception, production, and linguistic structure. Tokyo: Ohmsha. 297¿311. [Reprinted in Speech Communication 11.369¿378 (1992)]
• Ohala, J. J. 1992. What's cognitive, what's not, in sound change. In Günter Kellermann & Michael D. Morrissey (eds.), Diachrony within synchrony: Language history and cognition. [Duisburger Arbeiten zur Sprach¿ und Kulturwissenschaft 14] Frankfurt/M: Peter Lang Verlag. 309¿355.
• Ohala, J. J. 1992. Alternatives to the sonority hierarchy for explaining the shape of morphemes. Papers from the Parasession on the Syllable. Chicago Linguistic Society. Chicago. 319¿338.
• Ohala, M. & Ohala, J. J. 1992. Phonetic universals and Hindi segment duration. In Ohala, J. J., Nearey, T., Derwing, B., Hodge, M., & Wiebe, G. (eds.) Proceedings, International Conference on Spoken Language Processing, Banff, 12¿16 Oct 1992. Edmonton: University of Alberta. 831¿834.
• Ohala, J. J. 1992. The costs and benefits of phonological analysis. In P. Downing, S. D. Lima, & M. Noonan (eds.), The Linguistics of literacy. Amsterdam; Philadelphia: J. Benjamins Pub. Co. 211¿237.
• Ohala, J. J. 1993. Coarticulation and Phonology. Language & Speech 36 155-170.
• Ohala, J. J. 1993. The phonetics of sound change. In Charles Jones (ed.), Historical Linguistics: Problems and Perspectives. London: Longman. 237¿278.
• Ohala, J. J. & Ohala, M. 1993. The phonetics of nasal phonology: theorems and data. M. K. Huffman & R. A. Krakow (eds.), Nasals, nasalization, and the velum. [Phonetics and Phonology Series, Vol. 5] San Diego, CA: Academic Press. 225¿249.
• Ohala, J. J. 1993. Sound change as nature's speech perception experiment. Speech Communication. 13.155¿161. [Also reprinted in: G. Fant, K. Hirose, and S. Kiritani (eds.), 1996. Analysis, perception and processing of spoken language. Festschrift for Hiroya Fujisaki. Amsterdam: Elsevier. 155-161.]
• Ohala, J. J. 1994. Towards a universal, phonetically-based, theory of vowel harmony, ICSLP 3, Yokohama, pp. 491-494.
• Ohala, J. J. 1994. Phonetics. [pp. 3051¿3053] In R. E. Asher and J. M. Y. Simpson (eds), The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. Oxford: Pergamon.
• Ohala, J. J. & Feder, D. 1994. Listeners' identification of speech sounds is influenced by adjacent "restored" phonemes. Phonetica 51.111¿118.
• Ohala, J. J. 1994. Acoustic study of clear speech: a test of the contrastive hypothesis. Proceedings, International Symposium on Prosody, September 18, 1994, Pacific Convention Plaza Yokohama. 75¿89.
• Ohala, J. J. 1994. Hierarchies of environments for sound variation; plus implications for 'neutral' vowels in vowel harmony. Acta Linguistica Hafniensia 27.371¿382.
• Ohala, J. J. 1994. The frequency codes underlies the sound symbolic use of voice pitch. In L. Hinton, J. Nichols, & J. J. Ohala (eds.), Sound symbolism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 325¿347.
• Ohala, J. J. 1995. Experimental phonology. In John A. Goldsmith (ed.), A Handbook of Phonological Theory. Oxford: Blackwell. 713¿722.
• Ohala, J. J. 1995. A probable case of clicks influencing the sound patterns of some European languages. Phonetica 52.160-170.
• Ohala, J. J. 1995. The phonetics of phonology. G. Bloothooft, V. Hazan, D. Huber, & J. Llisterri (eds.), European studies in phonetics and speech communication. Utrecht: OTS Publications. 85-89.
• Ohala, J. J. & Ohala, M. 1995. Speech perception and lexical representation: The role of vowel nasalization in Hindi and English. B. Connell & A. Arvaniti (eds.), Phonology and Phonetic Evidence. Papers in Laboratory Phonology IV. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 41-60
• Ohala, J. J. & Busà, M. G. 1995. Nasal loss before voiceless fricatives: a perceptually¿based sound change. [Special issue on The Phonetic basis of Sound Change, ed. by Carol A. Fowler] Rivista di Linguistica 7.125-144. [preprint]
• Lang, C. E. & Ohala, J. J. 1996. Temporal cues for vowels and universals of vowel inventories, In ICSLP 4, Philadelphia. Pp. 434-437.
• Ohala, J. J. 1996. Speech perception is hearing sounds, not tongues. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 99.1718-1725.
• Ohala, J. J. 1996. Ethological theory and the expression of emotion in the voice. Proc. ICSLP 96, October 3-6, 1996. [4th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing, Philadelphia]. Wilmington: University of Delaware. Vol. 3, pp. 1812-1815.
• Ohala, John J. & Kawasaki-Fukumori, Haruko. 1997 Alternatives to the sonority hierarchy for explaining segmental sequential constraints. In Stig Eliasson & Ernst Håkon Jahr (eds.), Language And Its Ecology: Essays In Memory Of Einar Haugen. Trends in Linguistics. Studies and Monographs, Vol. 100. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 343-365
• Ohala, J. J. 1997. Comparison of speech sounds: Distance vs. cost metrics. In S. Kiritani, H. Hirose, & H. Fujisaki (eds.), Speech Production and Language. In honor of Osamu Fujimura. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 261 - 270.
• Ohala, J. J. 1997. Phonetics in phonology. Proc. 4th Seoul International Conference on Linguistics [SICOL] 11-15 Aug 1997. 45-50. [Also published in: Linguistics in the Morning Calm 4,: Selected Papers from SICOL-¿97, ed. by the Linguistic Society of Korea. 1999. pp. 105-113.]
• Ohala, J. J. 1997. Aerodynamics of phonology. Proc. 4th Seoul International Conference on Linguistics [SICOL] 11-15 Aug 1997. 92-97.
• Ohala, J. J. 1997. Emergent stops. Proc. 4th Seoul International Conference on Linguistics [SICOL] 11-15 Aug 1997. 84-91.
• Ohala, J. J. 1997. Sound symbolism. Proc. 4th Seoul International Conference on Linguistics [SICOL] 11-15 Aug 1997. 98-103.
• Ohala, M. & Ohala, J. J. 1998. Correlation between consonantal VC transitions and degree of perceptual confusion of place contrast in Hindi. ICSLP 5, Sydney. pp. 2795-2798.
• Ohala, J. J. 2000. Phonetics in the Free Market of Scientific Ideas and Results. Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2000, 30. 25-29
• Ohala, J. J. 2000. Irrelevance of the lowered larynx in modern Man for the development of speech. Evolution of Speech - ENST. Paris.
• Chang, S., Plauché, M. C., & Ohala, J. J.. 2001. Markedness and consonant confusion asymmetries. In E. Hume & K. Johnson (eds.), The role of speech perception in phonology. San Diego CA: Academic Press. 79-101.
• Ohala, M. & Ohala, J. J.. 2001. Acoustic VC transitions correlate with degree of perceptual confusion of place contrast in Hindi. Travaux du Cercle Linguistique de Copenhague. 31.265-284.
• Ohala, J. J. 2004. Phonetics and phonology then, and then, and now. In H. Quene & V. van Heuven (eds.), On speech and language: Studies for Sieb G. Nooteboom. LOT Occasional Series 2. 133-140.
• Ohala, J. J., A. Dunn, & R. Sprouse. 2004. Prosody and Phonology. Speech Prosody 2004, Nara, Japan. ISCA Archive.
• Ohala, J. J. 2005. Phonetic explanations for sound patterns. Implications for grammars of competence. In W. J. Hardcastle & J. M. Beck (eds.) A figure of speech. A festschrift for John Laver. London: Erlbaum. 23-38.
• Ohala, J. J. Forthcoming. The marriage of phonetics and phonology. J. Acoust. Soc. Japan. [Japanese version].