Difference between revisions of "Adpositions"

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(Created page with "Position in Sereer is mostly indicated with prepositions. Currently, it's not clear if all these prepositions can be used verbally. Some can, i.e. ɟof no taχarkɛ "towards the …")
 
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Position in Sereer is mostly indicated with prepositions. Currently, it's not clear if all these prepositions can be used verbally. Some can, i.e. ɟof no taχarkɛ "towards the trees" and mɛhɛ ɟofaa "I am going toward (something)".
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Position in Sereer is mostly indicated with prepositions. Prepositions are syntactically free elements.
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There are two classes of prepositions: those that function verbally and therefore take verbal morphology, and those that cannot take verbal morphology. I am also currently separating temporal prepositions because they take particular morphology that I don't fully understand.
   
  +
==Verbal Prepositions==
 
{|class="wikitable"
  
{|class="wikitable"
   
 
! Gloss || Aposition || || Position || Source || || || Notes, Example Sentences
  
! Gloss || Aposition || || Position || Source || || || Notes, Example Sentences
 
|-
  
|-
−
| at || onga || || posposed to N || JM_021, VW_068 || || || temporal
+
| twist around || wid || || || VW_040 || || ||
 
|-
  
|-
−
| behind/after || aciⁿɉ || || || JM_021, VW_040 || || || acinᶮɟ ᵐbinɛ "behind the house"
 +
| go toward || ɟof || || || VW_024 || || ||
 
|-
  
|-
−
| amidst/between/surrounded by/inside || ⁿdɛɛr || || || VW_024 || || || ⁿdɛɛr taχarkɛ "amidst the trees"
 +
| be near || mat || || || VW_024 || || ||
 
|-
  
|-
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| between, in the middle between (2 things) || ⁿdɛɛrⁿdɛr || || || VW_024 || || || ⁿdɛɛⁿdɛr taχarkɛ "between the (two) trees"
 +
| be far || goƭ || || || VW_024 || || ||
  ⚫
|-
  ⚫
| come from || χat || || || VW_068 || || ||
 
|-
  
|-
−
| in front of || ᵐbaaᵐbir || || || JM_021, VW_054 || || ||
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| come from || inoor || || || VW_068 || || ||
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  ⚫
|}
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  +
  +
  +
{|class="wikitable"
  +
  +
! Gloss || Aposition || || Position || Source || || || Notes, Example Sentences
  ⚫
| at || n- || || || VW_054 || || || eg. noboχolɛ "at the dog"
 
|-
  
|-
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| over/above/on/up || tok || || || JM_021, VW_040 || || || used also as adv. "up"
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| with || fo || || || VW_054 || || || fo ɟapil "with the knife", fo otɛo "with the woman"
⚫
|-
  
−
| under || ɗoχang || ɗoχaᵑɡ, ɗoχaŋ || || JM_021 || || || ɗoχaᵑɡ ᵐbaɟnɛ "under the blanket"
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
| in/inside || kam || || || JM_021, VW_040 || || ||
 
| in/inside || kam || || || JM_021, VW_040 || || ||
 
|-
  
|-
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| near/by/next to || paam || pam || || JM_021, VW_040 || || || pam ⁿdaχarnɛ "by the tree"
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| near/by/next to || pam || pam || || JM_021, VW_040 || || || pam ⁿdaχarnɛ "by the tree"
 
|-
  
|-
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| behind || ka'taa || || || VW_040 || || ||
 +
| over/above/on/up || tok || || || JM_021, VW_040 || || || used also as adv. "up"
 
|-
  
|-
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| around || kɛˈʋidna || || || VW_040 || || ||
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| under || ɗoχang || ɗoχaᵑɡ, ɗoχaŋ || || JM_021 || || || ɗoχaᵑɡ ᵐbaɟnɛ "under the blanket"
⚫
|-
  
⚫
| outside || ˈtafil || || || VW_040 || || || also N "outside"
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
| inside/in between/in the middle || a'ndeer || || || JM_012, VW_040 || || ||
  
| inside/in between/in the middle || a'ndeer || || || JM_012, VW_040 || || ||
 
|-
  
|-
−
| at || non || || || VW_024 || || || non ⁿdaχarnɛ "at the tree"
 +
| amidst/between/surrounded by/inside || ⁿdɛɛr || || || VW_024 || || || ⁿdɛɛr taχarkɛ "amidst the trees"
 
|-
  
|-
−
| toward || ɟof, ɟofin, ɟofna || || || VW_024 || || || ɟofna noqololɛ "toward the field"
 +
| between, in the middle between (2 things) || ⁿdɛɛrⁿdɛr || || || VW_024 || || || ⁿdɛɛⁿdɛr taχarkɛ "between the (two) trees"
 
|-
  
|-
−
| near to || mɛmaʔna || || || VW_024 || || || mɛˈmaʔna ⁿdaχarnɛ "close to the tree"
 +
| in front of || ᵐbaaᵐbir || || || JM_021, VW_054 || || ||
 
|-
  
|-
−
| far from || mɛgotna || || || VW_024 || || ||
 +
| in front of || adoχ || || || VW_038 (JH_039) || || || derived from "leader" N
 
|-
  
|-
−
| to || mɛna, mɛn || || || VW_054 || || ||
 +
| behind/after || aciⁿɉ || || || JM_021, VW_040 || || || acinᶮɟ ᵐbinɛ "behind the house"
 
|-
  
|-
−
| at || n- || || || VW_054 || || || eg. noboχolɛ "at the dog"
 +
| behind || ka'taa || || || VW_040 || || ||
⚫
|-
  
⚫
| with || fo || || || VW_054 || || || fo ɟapil "with the knife", fo otɛo "with the woman"
  
 
|-
  
|-
  ⚫
| outside || ˈtafil || || || VW_040 || || || also N "outside"
  ⚫
|}
  +
  +
  +
  +
{|class="wikitable"
  +
  +
! Gloss || Aposition || || Position || Source || || || Notes, Example Sentences
  +
 
| before || bala || || || VW_054 || || ||
 
| before || bala || || || VW_054 || || ||
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|-
  
⚫
| from || χatna no- || || || VW_068 || || ||
 
−
|-
  
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| from || inoorna no- || || || VW_068 || || ||
 
 
|-
  
|-
 
| during || anaᵑga || || || VW_068 || || ||
 
| during || anaᵑga || || || VW_068 || || ||
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|-
  
|-
 
| until || booyaatɛ || || || VW_068 || || ||
 
| until || booyaatɛ || || || VW_068 || || ||
  +
−
|-
  
−
| in front of || adoχ || || || VW_038 (JH_039) || || || derived from "leader" N
  
 
|}
  
|}

Revision as of 18:25, 29 October 2012

Position in Sereer is mostly indicated with prepositions. Prepositions are syntactically free elements.

There are two classes of prepositions: those that function verbally and therefore take verbal morphology, and those that cannot take verbal morphology. I am also currently separating temporal prepositions because they take particular morphology that I don't fully understand.

Verbal Prepositions

Gloss Aposition Position Source Notes, Example Sentences
twist around wid VW_040
go toward ɟof VW_024
be near mat VW_024
be far goƭ VW_024
come from χat VW_068
come from inoor VW_068


Gloss Aposition Position Source Notes, Example Sentences at n- VW_054 eg. noboχolɛ "at the dog"
with fo VW_054 fo ɟapil "with the knife", fo otɛo "with the woman"
in/inside kam JM_021, VW_040
near/by/next to pam pam JM_021, VW_040 pam ⁿdaχarnɛ "by the tree"
over/above/on/up tok JM_021, VW_040 used also as adv. "up"
under ɗoχang ɗoχaᵑɡ, ɗoχaŋ JM_021 ɗoχaᵑɡ ᵐbaɟnɛ "under the blanket"
inside/in between/in the middle a'ndeer JM_012, VW_040
amidst/between/surrounded by/inside ⁿdɛɛr VW_024 ⁿdɛɛr taχarkɛ "amidst the trees"
between, in the middle between (2 things) ⁿdɛɛrⁿdɛr VW_024 ⁿdɛɛⁿdɛr taχarkɛ "between the (two) trees"
in front of ᵐbaaᵐbir JM_021, VW_054
in front of adoχ VW_038 (JH_039) derived from "leader" N
behind/after aciⁿɉ JM_021, VW_040 acinᶮɟ ᵐbinɛ "behind the house"
behind ka'taa VW_040
outside ˈtafil VW_040 also N "outside"


Gloss Aposition Position Source Notes, Example Sentences before bala VW_054
during anaᵑga VW_068
during yɛtɛ VW_068
during/in na VW_068
until botɛ VW_068
until bona VW_068
until booyaatɛ VW_068
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