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| Line 38: |
Line 38: |
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! Contrast || Item 1 || Gloss || Item 2 || Gloss |
|
! Contrast || Item 1 || Gloss || Item 2 || Gloss |
| |
|- |
|
|- |
| − |
| '''p : b''' || || || || |
+ |
| '''p : b''' || pac || || bac || |
| |
|- |
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|- |
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| '''t : d''' || || || || |
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| '''t : d''' || || || || |
| Line 56: |
Line 56: |
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| '''q : nq''' || || || || |
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| '''q : nq''' || || || || |
| |
|- |
|
|- |
| − |
| '''p : ƥ''' || || || || |
+ |
| '''p : ƥ''' || pog || trap || ƥog || pl. to bathe |
| |
|- |
|
|- |
| |
| '''t : ƭ''' || || || || |
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| '''t : ƭ''' || || || || |
Revision as of 14:06, 28 April 2013
The list below shows some minimal or near minimal pairs.
Minimal Pairs
Consonant and vowel minimal pairs are given here to justify contrasts that one might find worthy of scrutiny.
| Contrast |
Item 1 |
Gloss |
Item 2 |
Gloss
|
| i : ii |
liƥ |
fish |
liiƥ |
to measure
|
| e : ee |
ref |
to be |
reef |
to follow
|
| o : oo |
dor |
to fold |
door |
to start
|
| u : uu |
xuf |
to startle |
xuuf |
to cut short
|
| a : aa |
kaf |
joke |
kaaf |
millet plants
|
| i : e |
wil |
hair |
wel |
to be sharp
|
| ii : ee |
xiiñ |
to squint |
xeeñ |
heart, lung
|
| e : a |
sex |
to carve off |
sax |
insult
|
| ee : aa |
meeɓ |
to pick up |
maaɓ |
to lie on
|
| a : o |
sax |
insult |
sox |
to hull millet by pounding
|
| aa : oo |
aqaal |
boat sp. |
aqool |
standing dead tree trunk
|
| o : u |
sox |
to dehusk millet |
sux |
to plug a hole
|
| oo : uu |
ɓooɓ |
family name |
ɓuuɓ |
to be cold
|
| Contrast |
Item 1 |
Gloss |
Item 2 |
Gloss
|
| p : b |
pac |
|
bac |
|
| t : d |
|
|
|
|
| c : j |
|
|
|
|
| k : g |
|
|
|
|
| b : mb |
|
|
|
|
| d : nd |
|
|
|
|
| j : nj |
|
|
|
|
| g : ng |
|
|
|
|
| q : nq |
|
|
|
|
| p : ƥ |
pog |
trap |
ƥog |
pl. to bathe
|
| t : ƭ |
|
|
|
|
| c : ƈ |
oxiic |
jujube |
oxiiƈ |
bone
|
| b : ɓ |
|
|
|
|
| d : ɗ |
|
|
|
|
| j : ʄ |
|
|
|
|
| ƥ : ɓ |
ƥaak |
baobab tree |
ɓaak |
baobab fruit
|
| ƭ : ɗ |
ƭaaf |
daaf tree |
ɗaaf |
daaf
|
| ƈ : ʄ |
|
|
|
|
| t : c |
|
|
|
|
| c : k |
|
|
|
|
| k : q |
|
|
|
|
| d : j |
|
|
|
|
| j : g |
|
|
|
|
| nd : nj |
|
|
|
|
| nj : ng |
|
|
|
|
| ng : nq |
|
|
|
|
| ɗ : ʄ |
|
|
|
|
| ƭ : ƈ |
|
|
|
|
Consonants
| word |
|
gloss
|
| tadik |
- |
three
|
| ndiit |
- |
bird
|
| word |
|
gloss
|
| ngol |
- |
finger
|
| onqool |
- |
moon
|
| word |
|
gloss
|
| ƥaak |
- |
baobab tree
|
| ɓaak |
- |
baobab fruit
|
| word |
|
gloss
|
| jimb |
- |
to transplant
|
| cimb |
- |
seedlings
|
| akim |
- |
song
|
| word |
|
gloss
|
| oqol |
- |
field
|
| okol |
- |
glue (Fr.)
|
| word |
|
gloss
|
| mbind |
- |
house (sg)
|
| pind |
- |
house (pl)
|
| word |
|
gloss
|
| suk |
- |
boat
|
| sug |
- |
pound millet
|
| word |
|
gloss
|
| fiɗel |
- |
fire (sg)
|
| piɗel |
- |
fire (pl)
|
| word |
|
gloss
|
| gin |
- |
egg
|
| giñ |
- |
(be) full
|
| word |
|
gloss
|
| ateƥ |
- |
rain
|
| ateɓ |
- |
small
|
| word |
|
gloss
|
| ɗat |
- |
pick fruit
|
| aƭat |
- |
road
|
| word |
|
gloss
|
| tok |
- |
on, on top of
|
| ɓok |
- |
(be) pigeon-toed
|
Vowels
| word |
|
gloss
|
| daɓ |
- |
belly button
|
| deɓ |
- |
rain
|
| word |
|
gloss
|
| faɗ |
- |
to slap
|
| fiɓ |
- |
to sift
|
| word |
|
gloss
|
| naf |
- |
to hit
|
| nof |
- |
ear
|
| word |
|
gloss
|
| sak |
- |
to hold something
|
| suk |
- |
boat
|
| word |
|
gloss
|
| gen |
- |
to live
|
| gin |
- |
egg
|
| gon |
- |
name
|
| gum |
- |
to have a mouth full of water
|
| word |
|
gloss
|
| liƥ |
- |
fish
|
| luƥ |
- |
a borrowing
|
| word |
|
gloss
|
| log |
- |
to have a mouth full of food
|
| lug |
- |
abscess
|
| word |
|
gloss
|
| xas |
- |
to scold
|
| xaas |
- |
to fart
|
| word |
|
gloss
|
| ten |
- |
he/she/it
|
| teen |
- |
breast
|
| word |
|
gloss
|
| gin |
- |
egg
|
| giiñ |
- |
to swear an oath
|
| word |
|
gloss
|
| liƥ |
- |
fish
|
| liiɓ |
- |
to measure
|
| word |
|
gloss
|
| χooχ |
- |
to cultivate
|
| χoχ |
- |
head
|
| word |
|
gloss
|
| luƥ |
- |
a borrowing
|
| aluuƥ |
- |
a flute
|
| word |
|
gloss
|
| poj |
- |
tomb
|
| paj |
- |
sarong
|
