Difference between revisions of "Minimal Pair List"

From Sereer wiki
Jump to navigationJump to search
 
(14 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 24: Line 24:
 
| '''e : a''' || sex || to carve off || sax || insult
  
| '''e : a''' || sex || to carve off || sax || insult
 
|-
  
|-
−
| '''ee : aa''' || || || ||
+
| '''ee : aa''' || meeɓ || to pick up || maaɓ || to lie on
 
|-
  
|-
−
| '''a : o''' || || || ||
+
| '''a : o''' || sax || insult || sox || to hull millet by pounding
 
|-
  
|-
 
| '''aa : oo''' || aqaal || boat sp. || aqool || standing dead tree trunk
  
| '''aa : oo''' || aqaal || boat sp. || aqool || standing dead tree trunk
Line 32: Line 32:
 
| '''o : u''' || sox || to dehusk millet || sux || to plug a hole
  
| '''o : u''' || sox || to dehusk millet || sux || to plug a hole
 
|-
  
|-
−
| '''oo : uu''' || || || ||
+
| '''oo : uu''' || ɓooɓ || family name || ɓuuɓ || to be cold
−
|-
  
−
| '''c : ƈ''' || oxiic || jujube || oxiiƈ || bone
  
 
|}
  
|}
−  
−  
−
==Consonants==
  
   
 
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
−
! word || || gloss
 +
! Contrast || Item 1 || Gloss || Item 2 || Gloss
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| '''p : b''' || pac || to remove foreskin || bac || to winnow
−
| ˈtadikʰ || - || three
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| '''t : d''' || taxan || to cause for someone || daxan || to search for firewood
−
| ⁿdiitˈ || - || bird
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| '''c : j''' || cimb || seedling || jimb || to transplant seedlings
−
| ŋɡol || - || finger
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| '''k : g''' || suk || boat || sug || to pound millet
−
| oŋɡool || - || moon
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| '''b : mb''' || bind || to write || mbind || house
−
| famb || - || drum
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| '''d : nd''' || roxod || to take off of head || roxond || to put on head
−
| faaɓ || - || frog
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
| fidɛl || - || fire
 +
| '''j : nj''' || || || ||
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| '''g : ng''' || ɗag || to hang || ɗang || to be stuck (in a tree)
−
| ˈʔambɛ:l || - || lake
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| '''p : ƥ''' || pog || trap || ƥog || pl. to bathe
−
| ƥa̰:k || - || baobab tree
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
| ɓa:k || - || baobab fruit
 +
| '''t : ƭ''' || teen || stoves || ƭeen || breasts
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| '''c : ƈ''' || oxiic || jujube || oxiiƈ || bone
−
| oˈɟɛm || - || salt
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
| ˈɟimb || - || transplant
 +
| '''b : ɓ''' || || || ||
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| '''d : ɗ''' || dox || to be first || ɗox || to burn (intr.)
−
| ˈɟimb || - || transplant
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
| ˈcimb || - || seedling
 +
| '''j : ʄ''' || || || ||
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| '''ƥ : ɓ''' || ƥaak || baobab tree || ɓaak || baobab fruit
−
| aˈkim || - || song
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| '''ƭ : ɗ''' || ƭaaf || daaf tree || ɗaaf || daaf
−
| oˈqol || - || field
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
| oˈkol || - || glue (Fr.)
 +
| '''ƈ : ʄ''' || || || ||
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
| aˈnaaq || - || branch
 +
| '''t : c''' || || || ||
 
|-
  
|-
−
| aˈnaaχaha|| - || senile, negligent
 +
| '''c : k''' || || || ||
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
| mbɪnd || - || house (sg)
 +
| '''k : q''' || || || ||
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| '''k : ' ''' || ojok || neck || ojo' || testicle
−
| pɪnd || - || house (pl)
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| '''q : ' ''' || yoq || to be left over || yo' || to move
−
| suk || - || boat
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
| sug || - || pound millet
 +
| '''d : j''' || deg || to cut || jeg || to have
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
| suk || - || boat
 +
| '''j : g''' || || || ||
 
|-
  
|-
−
| ɗuk || - || tackle
 +
| '''nd : nj''' || || || ||
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
| okor || - || man
 +
| '''nj : ng''' || || || ||
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| '''ng : nq''' || ngas || pl. to dig || nqas || pl. to berate
−
| okol || - || glue (Fr.)
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
| fiɗel || - || fire (sg)
 +
| '''ɗ : ʄ''' || || || ||
 
|-
  
|-
−
| piɗel || - || fire (pl)
 +
| '''ƭ : ƈ''' || || || ||
 
|}
  
|}
   
 
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
−
! word || || gloss
 +
! Contrast || Item 1 || Gloss || Item 2 || Gloss
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| '''m : mb''' || kam || to be crooked || kamb || pits, holes
−
| ndaχar || - || tree
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
| taχar || - || tree (pl)
 +
| '''n : nd''' || || || ||
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
| mbaal || - || sheep (sg)
 +
| '''ñ : nj''' || || || ||
 
|-
  
|-
−
| paal || - || sheep (pl)
 +
| '''ŋ : ng''' || ŋas || to play || ngas || pl. to dig
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
| mbof || - || tied bundle (pl)
 +
| '''ñ : ŋ''' || || || ||
 
|-
  
|-
−
| pof || - || tied bundle (pl)
 +
| '''n : ñ''' || riin || front || ||
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| '''ñ : ŋ''' || ñaay || to be spicy || ŋaay || to climb, mount
−
| ndeen || - || stove (sg)
  
−
|-
  
−
| teen || - || stove (pl)
  
 
|}
  
|}
   
 
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
−
! word || || gloss
 +
! Contrast || Item 1 || Gloss || Item 2 || Gloss
 
|-
  
|-
−
| ndiig || - || rainy season (sg)
 +
| '''l : r''' || || || ||
 
|-
  
|-
−
| tiig || - || rainy season (pl)
 +
| '''w : b''' || || || ||
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
| nɟɔŋg || - || bed (sg)
 +
| '''l : n''' || || || ||
 
|-
  
|-
−
| cɔŋg || - || bed (pl)
 +
| '''l : nd''' || || || ||
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
| nduus || - || knife (sg)
 +
| '''y : j''' || || || ||
−
|-
  
−
| ruus || - || knife (pl)
  
 
|}
  
|}
   
  +
==Consonants==
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| gin || - || egg
  
−
|-
  
−
| giɲ || - || (be) full
  
−
|}
  
   
 
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
 
! word || || gloss
  
! word || || gloss
 
|-
  
|-
−
| lug || - || gangrene (?)
 +
| tadik || - || three
 
|-
  
|-
−
| luɗ || - || borrow
 +
| ndiit || - || bird
 
|}
  
|}
   
Line 229: Line 142:
 
! word || || gloss
  
! word || || gloss
 
|-
  
|-
−
| atɛƥ || - || rain
 +
| ngol || - || finger
 
|-
  
|-
−
| atɛɓ || - || small (class x)
 +
| onqool || - || moon
 
|}
  
|}
   
Line 237: Line 150:
 
! word || || gloss
  
! word || || gloss
 
|-
  
|-
−
| atɛɓ || - || small (class x)
+
| ƥaak || - || baobab tree
 
|-
  
|-
−
| adɛɓ || - || small (class y)
+
| ɓaak || - || baobab fruit
 
|}
  
|}
   
Line 245: Line 158:
 
! word || || gloss
  
! word || || gloss
 
|-
  
|-
−
| χal || - || make a mistake, misspeak
 +
| jimb || - || to transplant
 
|-
  
|-
−
| kal || - || a mistake
 +
| cimb || - || seedlings
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| (mɛhɛ) χɔ:χa || - || 'I'm cultivating'
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
| (inwɛ) ɴɢɔ:χa || - || 'We're cultivating'
 +
| akim || - || song
 
|}
  
|}
   
Line 261: Line 168:
 
! word || || gloss
  
! word || || gloss
 
|-
  
|-
−
| fa:ɲik || - || elephant (sg)
 +
| oqol || - || field
 
|-
  
|-
−
| pa:ɲik || - || elephant (pl)
 +
| okol || - || glue (Fr.)
 
|}
  
|}
   
Line 269: Line 176:
 
! word || || gloss
  
! word || || gloss
 
|-
  
|-
−
| ʄu:d || - || thunder
 +
| mbind || - || house (sg)
 
|-
  
|-
−
| ɗu:d || - || swallow
 +
| pind || - || house (pl)
 
|}
  
|}
   
Line 277: Line 184:
 
! word || || gloss
  
! word || || gloss
 
|-
  
|-
−
| ɗat || - || pick fruit
 +
| suk || - || boat
 
|-
  
|-
−
| ƭat || - || (be) right
 +
| sug || - || pound millet
 
|}
  
|}
   
Line 285: Line 192:
 
! word || || gloss
  
! word || || gloss
 
|-
  
|-
−
| ɗat || - || pick fruit
 +
| fiɗel || - || fire (sg)
 
|-
  
|-
−
| ɗap || - || wash laundry
 +
| piɗel || - || fire (pl)
 
|}
  
|}
   
Line 293: Line 200:
 
! word || || gloss
  
! word || || gloss
 
|-
  
|-
−
| dam || - || hold sth. for
 +
| gin || - || egg
 
|-
  
|-
−
| daɓ || - || bellybutton
 +
| giñ || - || (be) full
 
|}
  
|}
   
Line 301: Line 208:
 
! word || || gloss
  
! word || || gloss
 
|-
  
|-
−
| ɗaj || - || happiness
 +
| ateƥ || - || rain
 
|-
  
|-
−
| ɓaj || - || blow
 +
| ateɓ || - || small
 
|}
  
|}
   
Line 309: Line 216:
 
! word || || gloss
  
! word || || gloss
 
|-
  
|-
−
| gar || - || come
 +
| ɗat || - || pick fruit
 
|-
  
|-
−
| gaʔ || - || see
 +
| aƭat || - || road
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
 
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| naf || - || hit
  
−
|-
  
−
| nag || - || pick up
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
 
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| rɛf || - || be
  
−
|-
  
−
| gɛf || - || crack, break
  
 
|}
  
|}
   
Line 336: Line 227:
 
|-
  
|-
 
| ɓok || - || (be) pigeon-toed
  
| ɓok || - || (be) pigeon-toed
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
 
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| aʄɛwa || - || He gets water from a well
  
−
|-
  
−
| aƈɛwa || - || They get water from a well
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
 
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| afo:la || - || He jumps
  
−
|-
  
−
| ambo:la || - || They jump
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
 
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| abuga || - || He loves
  
−
|-
  
−
| ambuga || - || They love
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
 
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| awa:ɗa || - || He looks for
  
−
|-
  
−
| amba:ɗa || - || They look for
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
 
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| ɟik || - || buy
  
−
|-
  
−
| ɗik || - || two
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
 
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| aɟika || - || He buys
  
−
|-
  
−
| aɲɟika || - || They buy
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
 
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| ɓood || - || to crawl
  
−
|-
  
−
| ƥood || - || snake (lit. 'crawler')
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
 
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| qɔχ || - || bulls
  
−
|-
  
−
|ɴɢɔχ || - || a bull
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
 
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| laac || - || to ask for
  
−
|-
  
−
|laƈ || - || a limp
  
−
|-
  
−
| laʄ || - || to limp
  
−
|}
  
−  
−  
−
==Vowels==
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| daɓ || - || belly button
  
−
|-
  
−
| deɓ || - || rain
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| faɗ || - || to slap
  
−
|-
  
−
| fiɓ || - || to sift
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| naf || - || to hit
  
−
|-
  
−
| nof || - || ear
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| sak || - || to hold something
  
−
|-
  
−
| suk || - || boat
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| gen || - || to live
  
−
|-
  
−
| gin || - || egg
  
−
|-
  
−
| gon || - || name
  
−
|-
  
−
| gum || - || to have a mouth full of water
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| liƥ || - || fish
  
−
|-
  
−
| luƥ || - || a borrowing
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| log || - || to have a mouth full of food
  
−
|-
  
−
| lug || - || abscess
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| xas || - || to scold
  
−
|-
  
−
| xaas || - || to fart
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| ten || - || he/she/it
  
−
|-
  
−
| teen || - || breast
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| gin || - || egg
  
−
|-
  
−
| giiñ || - || to swear an oath
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| liƥ || - || fish
  
−
|-
  
−
| liiɓ || - || to measure
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| χooχ || - || to cultivate
  
−
|-
  
−
| χoχ || - || head
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| luƥ || - || a borrowing
  
−
|-
  
−
| aluuƥ || - || a flute
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| poj || - || tomb
  
−
|-
  
−
| paj || - || sarong
  
 
|}
  
|}

Latest revision as of 16:14, 28 April 2013

The list below shows some minimal or near minimal pairs.

Minimal Pairs

Consonant and vowel minimal pairs are given here to justify contrasts that one might find worthy of scrutiny.

Contrast Item 1 Gloss Item 2 Gloss
i : ii liƥ fish liiƥ to measure
e : ee ref to be reef to follow
o : oo dor to fold door to start
u : uu xuf to startle xuuf to cut short
a : aa kaf joke kaaf millet plants
i : e wil hair wel to be sharp
ii : ee xiiñ to squint xeeñ heart, lung
e : a sex to carve off sax insult
ee : aa meeɓ to pick up maaɓ to lie on
a : o sax insult sox to hull millet by pounding
aa : oo aqaal boat sp. aqool standing dead tree trunk
o : u sox to dehusk millet sux to plug a hole
oo : uu ɓooɓ family name ɓuuɓ to be cold
Contrast Item 1 Gloss Item 2 Gloss
p : b pac to remove foreskin bac to winnow
t : d taxan to cause for someone daxan to search for firewood
c : j cimb seedling jimb to transplant seedlings
k : g suk boat sug to pound millet
b : mb bind to write mbind house
d : nd roxod to take off of head roxond to put on head
j : nj
g : ng ɗag to hang ɗang to be stuck (in a tree)
p : ƥ pog trap ƥog pl. to bathe
t : ƭ teen stoves ƭeen breasts
c : ƈ oxiic jujube oxiiƈ bone
b : ɓ
d : ɗ dox to be first ɗox to burn (intr.)
j : ʄ
ƥ : ɓ ƥaak baobab tree ɓaak baobab fruit
ƭ : ɗ ƭaaf daaf tree ɗaaf daaf
ƈ : ʄ
t : c
c : k
k : q
k : ' ojok neck ojo' testicle
q : ' yoq to be left over yo' to move
d : j deg to cut jeg to have
j : g
nd : nj
nj : ng
ng : nq ngas pl. to dig nqas pl. to berate
ɗ : ʄ
ƭ : ƈ
Contrast Item 1 Gloss Item 2 Gloss
m : mb kam to be crooked kamb pits, holes
n : nd
ñ : nj
ŋ : ng ŋas to play ngas pl. to dig
ñ : ŋ
n : ñ riin front
ñ : ŋ ñaay to be spicy ŋaay to climb, mount
Contrast Item 1 Gloss Item 2 Gloss
l : r
w : b
l : n
l : nd
y : j

Consonants

word gloss
tadik - three
ndiit - bird
word gloss
ngol - finger
onqool - moon
word gloss
ƥaak - baobab tree
ɓaak - baobab fruit
word gloss
jimb - to transplant
cimb - seedlings
akim - song
word gloss
oqol - field
okol - glue (Fr.)
word gloss
mbind - house (sg)
pind - house (pl)
word gloss
suk - boat
sug - pound millet
word gloss
fiɗel - fire (sg)
piɗel - fire (pl)
word gloss
gin - egg
giñ - (be) full
word gloss
ateƥ - rain
ateɓ - small
word gloss
ɗat - pick fruit
aƭat - road
word gloss
tok - on, on top of
ɓok - (be) pigeon-toed
Retrieved from "http://linguistics.berkeley.edu/sereer/guestwiki/index.php?title=Minimal_Pair_List&oldid=5192"