Difference between revisions of "Consonants"
From Sereer wiki
Jump to navigationJump to searchLine 15: | Line 15: | ||
| c~ʧ |
| c~ʧ |
||
| k |
| k |
||
− | | |
+ | | |
| ʔ |
| ʔ |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 106: | Line 106: | ||
* The back fricative /χ/ is alternately pronounced as [χ] or [h]. In quicker speech, [h] is more likely to surface, with [χ] being the more common allophone in slower or more careful speech. |
* The back fricative /χ/ is alternately pronounced as [χ] or [h]. In quicker speech, [h] is more likely to surface, with [χ] being the more common allophone in slower or more careful speech. |
||
* In quick speech, the prenasalized stop /ɲɟ/ is often pronounced as [ɲj]. |
* In quick speech, the prenasalized stop /ɲɟ/ is often pronounced as [ɲj]. |
||
− | * /k/ |
+ | * /k/ often has a backed allophone [q] in the presence of the vowels /a/ or /o/. |
* The voiceless (non-implosive) stops are pronounced as alternately aspirated, unaspirated, or lightly ejective. The conditioning environments for this allophony are not yet completely clear. |
* The voiceless (non-implosive) stops are pronounced as alternately aspirated, unaspirated, or lightly ejective. The conditioning environments for this allophony are not yet completely clear. |
||
* Initially (and of course medially), the voiced stops are fully voiced, with voicing and closure being essentially simultaneous. |
* Initially (and of course medially), the voiced stops are fully voiced, with voicing and closure being essentially simultaneous. |
Revision as of 17:16, 26 September 2012
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stops | V'less | p | t | c~ʧ | k | ʔ | |
Voiced | b | d | ɟ~ʤ | g | |||
Implosive | ɓ | ɗ | ʄ | ||||
Voiceless Implosive | ƥ | ƭ | ƈ | ||||
Prenasalized | ᵐb | ⁿd | ⁿɟ | ⁿg | |||
Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |||
Fricative | f | s | χ~h | ||||
Tap/Trill | ɾ~r | ||||||
Liquid | l | ||||||
Implosive lateral | ɗl | ||||||
Glide | ʋ~β̞~w | j |
Notes:
- The modal voice palatal stops tend to be pronounced as affricates word initially, and stops elsewhere. The implosive palatal stops do not exhibit this alternation.
- /r/ can be pronounced as either a tap/flap, or a trill. In slower or more careful speech, the trill is more likely to surface.
- The labial glide is not exactly [w], but there may in fact be velar co-articulation. Note that in certain morpho-phonological alternations, /w/ and /k/ pattern together, as well as /w/, /b/ and /p/.
- The back fricative /χ/ is alternately pronounced as [χ] or [h]. In quicker speech, [h] is more likely to surface, with [χ] being the more common allophone in slower or more careful speech.
- In quick speech, the prenasalized stop /ɲɟ/ is often pronounced as [ɲj].
- /k/ often has a backed allophone [q] in the presence of the vowels /a/ or /o/.
- The voiceless (non-implosive) stops are pronounced as alternately aspirated, unaspirated, or lightly ejective. The conditioning environments for this allophony are not yet completely clear.
- Initially (and of course medially), the voiced stops are fully voiced, with voicing and closure being essentially simultaneous.
- Voiced stops (implosive, modal, and prenasalized) undergo some degree of word- or phrase-final devoicing in quick speech. Tentatively, this does not seem to cause complete devoicing, avoiding neutralization with the voiceless stops.