Difference between revisions of "Adverbial Clauses"

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==Temporal Adverbial Clauses==
 
==Temporal Adverbial Clauses==
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Temporal adverbial clauses, also called temporal clause-linking constructions, are formed by two clauses that are connected with a temporal adverb.
 
   
  ⚫
Temporal adverbial clauses, also called temporal clause-linking constructions, are formed by two clauses that are connected with a temporal adverb. In Sereer, temporal markers can serve to link two verbal clauses, are will as NPs. The latter construction is discussed in [[Adpositions]], while the former will be discussed here.
   
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The currently attested types of temporal adverbial clauses are listed in the Table below. More works will determine what
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The currently attested types of temporal adverbial clauses are listed in the Table below. More work will determine what other temporal clause-linking strategies there are. As shown in Examples <glr id="before.1"/>, <glr id="whenever"/>, the second clause in these construction is always somehow marked as a subordinate clause, either with a relativizer -na as in <glr id="whenever"/> or by use of the subordinate subject agreement markers.
   
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before
  
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after
  
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until
  
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since
  
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when/while
  
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while
  
   
 
{|class="wikitable"
  
{|class="wikitable"
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|+ '''1. Non-verbal Prepositions'''
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|+ '''Tempora Clause-linkers'''
 
! Gloss || Adposition || || || Source || || || Notes, Example Sentences
  
! Gloss || Adposition || || || Source || || || Notes, Example Sentences
 
|-
  
|-
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| at/to || no || || || VW_054 || || || eg. no oɓox ole [noɓox ole]"at the dog"
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| before || bala ~ balaa || || || VW_054, VW_167 || || ||
 
|-
  
|-
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| with || fo || || || VW_054 || || || fo japil "with the knife", fo oteo "with the woman"
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| after || acinj || || || VW_068 || || || also locative "behind"
 
|-
  
|-
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| in/inside || kam || || || JM_021, VW_040 || || ||
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| after || ye || || || VW_167 || || ||
 
|-
  
|-
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| near/by/next to || pam || pam || || JM_021, VW_040 || || || pam ndaxarne "by the tree"
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| when, while || ye, yaa || || || VW_167 || || ||
 
|-
  
|-
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| over/above/on/up || tok || || || JM_021, VW_040 || || || used also as adv. "up"
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| until || bo || || || VW_167 || || ||
 
|-
  
|-
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| under || ɗoxang || ɗoxang, ɗoxaŋ || || JM_021 || || || ɗoxang mbaj ne "under the blanket"
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| during || na|| || || VW_068 || || || also locative "in"
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|-
  
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| amidst/between/surrounded by/inside || ndeer || || || VW_024 || || || ndeer taxarke "amidst the trees", alternates with andeer, plural
  
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|-
  
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| in front of || mbaambir || || || JM_021, VW_054 || || ||
  
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|-
  
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| behind/after || acinj|| || || JM_021, VW_040 || || || acinj mbine "behind the house"
  
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|-
  
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| behind || kataa || || || VW_040 || || ||
  
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|-
  
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| outside || tafil || || || VW_040 || || || also N "outside"
  
 
|}
  
|}
   
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<glr id="before.1"/>
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{|class="wikitable"
  
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<gl id="before.1" fontsize=12>
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|+ '''Temporal Prepositions'''
  
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faak oyeng gimam balaa nɗaana
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! Gloss || Adposition || || || Source || || || Notes, Example Sentences
  
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\gll faak oyeng gim -am balaa n- ɗaan -a
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|-
  
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yesterday night sing -1S before 1S- sleep -NPT
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| before || bala || || || VW_054 || || ||
 
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\trans Last night I sang before sleeping (167)
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|-
  
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</gl>
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| during || ananga || || || VW_068 || || ||
 
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|-
  
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| during || yete || || || VW_068 || || ||
 
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|-
  
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| during/in || na || || || VW_068 || || || same as n- above ?
  
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|-
  
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| until || bote || || || VW_068 || || ||
 
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|-
  
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| until || bona || || || VW_068 || || ||
 
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|-
  
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| until || booyaate || || || VW_068 || || ||
 
   
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<glr id="whenever"/>
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|}
  
  +
<gl id="whenever" fontsize=12>
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oɓox ole woxa yii yaa te ga'na muus ne
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\gll oɓox ole woxa yii yaa te ga' -na muus ne
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god DET bark PROG when 3S see -RLVZR cat DET
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\trans The dog barks when he sees the cat. (167)
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</gl>

Revision as of 13:43, 12 December 2012

Adverbial clauses are a type of adjunct clause (see also Relative Clauses). The currently attested adverbial clauses in Sereer are mostly temporal, specifying when the event described by the main clause occurred with reference to a second event. In some cases, adverbial clauses have verbal morphology not seen in main clauses.

Temporal Adverbial Clauses

Temporal adverbial clauses, also called temporal clause-linking constructions, are formed by two clauses that are connected with a temporal adverb. In Sereer, temporal markers can serve to link two verbal clauses, are will as NPs. The latter construction is discussed in Adpositions, while the former will be discussed here.

The currently attested types of temporal adverbial clauses are listed in the Table below. More work will determine what other temporal clause-linking strategies there are. As shown in Examples <glr id="before.1"/>, <glr id="whenever"/>, the second clause in these construction is always somehow marked as a subordinate clause, either with a relativizer -na as in <glr id="whenever"/> or by use of the subordinate subject agreement markers.


Tempora Clause-linkers
Gloss Adposition Source Notes, Example Sentences
before bala ~ balaa VW_054, VW_167
after acinj VW_068 also locative "behind"
after ye VW_167
when, while ye, yaa VW_167
until bo VW_167
during na VW_068 also locative "in"

<glr id="before.1"/> <gl id="before.1" fontsize=12> faak oyeng gimam balaa nɗaana \gll faak oyeng gim -am balaa n- ɗaan -a yesterday night sing -1S before 1S- sleep -NPT \trans Last night I sang before sleeping (167) </gl>

<glr id="whenever"/> <gl id="whenever" fontsize=12> oɓox ole woxa yii yaa te ga'na muus ne \gll oɓox ole woxa yii yaa te ga' -na muus ne god DET bark PROG when 3S see -RLVZR cat DET \trans The dog barks when he sees the cat. (167) </gl>

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