Difference between revisions of "Adpositions"

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! Gloss || Adposition || || || Source || || || Notes, Example Sentences
  
! Gloss || Adposition || || || Source || || || Notes, Example Sentences
 
|-
  
|-
−
| at/to || n- || || || VW_054 || || || eg. noboχolɛ "at the dog"
 +
| at/to || n- || || || VW_054 || || || eg. noboxole "at the dog"
 
|-
  
|-
−
| with || fo || || || VW_054 || || || fo ɟapil "with the knife", fo otɛo "with the woman"
 +
| with || fo || || || VW_054 || || || fo japil "with the knife", fo oteo "with the woman"
 
|-
  
|-
 
| in/inside || kam || || || JM_021, VW_040 || || ||
 
| in/inside || kam || || || JM_021, VW_040 || || ||
 
|-
  
|-
−
| near/by/next to || pam || pam || || JM_021, VW_040 || || || pam ⁿdaχarnɛ "by the tree"
 +
| near/by/next to || pam || pam || || JM_021, VW_040 || || || pam ndaxarne "by the tree"
 
|-
  
|-
 
| over/above/on/up || tok || || || JM_021, VW_040 || || || used also as adv. "up"
  
| over/above/on/up || tok || || || JM_021, VW_040 || || || used also as adv. "up"
 
|-
  
|-
−
| under || ɗoχang || ɗoχaᵑɡ, ɗoχaŋ || || JM_021 || || || ɗoχaᵑɡ ᵐbaɟnɛ "under the blanket"
 +
| under || ɗoχang || ɗoxang, ɗoxaŋ || || JM_021 || || || ɗoxang mbajne "under the blanket"
 
|-
  
|-
−
| inside/in between/in the middle || a'ndeer || || || JM_012, VW_040 || || ||
 +
| inside/in between/in the middle || andeer || || || JM_012, VW_040 || || ||
 
|-
  
|-
−
| amidst/between/surrounded by/inside || ⁿdɛɛr || || || VW_024 || || || ⁿdɛɛr taχarkɛ "amidst the trees"
 +
| amidst/between/surrounded by/inside || ndeer || || || VW_024 || || || ndeer taxarke "amidst the trees"
 
|-
  
|-
−
| between, in the middle between (2 things) || ⁿdɛɛrⁿdɛr || || || VW_024 || || || ⁿdɛɛⁿdɛr taχarkɛ "between the (two) trees"
 +
| between, in the middle between (2 things) || ndeender || || || VW_024 || || || ndeender taxarke "between the (two) trees"
 
|-
  
|-
−
| in front of || ᵐbaaᵐbir || || || JM_021, VW_054 || || ||
 +
| in front of || mbaambir || || || JM_021, VW_054 || || ||
 
|-
  
|-
−
| behind/after || aciⁿɉ || || || JM_021, VW_040 || || || acinᶮɟ ᵐbinɛ "behind the house"
 +
| behind/after || acinj|| || || JM_021, VW_040 || || || acinj mbine "behind the house"
 
|-
  
|-
−
| behind || ka'taa || || || VW_040 || || ||
 +
| behind || kataa || || || VW_040 || || ||
 
|-
  
|-
−
| outside || ˈtafil || || || VW_040 || || || also N "outside"
 +
| outside || tafil || || || VW_040 || || || also N "outside"
 
|}
  
|}
   
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| before || bala || || || VW_054 || || ||
 
| before || bala || || || VW_054 || || ||
 
|-
  
|-
−
| during || anaᵑga || || || VW_068 || || ||
+
| during || ananga || || || VW_068 || || ||
 
|-
  
|-
−
| during || yɛtɛ || || || VW_068 || || ||
+
| during || yete || || || VW_068 || || ||
 
|-
  
|-
−
| during/in || na || || || VW_068 || || ||
+
| during/in || na || || || VW_068 || || || same as n- above ?
 
|-
  
|-
−
| until || botɛ || || || VW_068 || || ||
+
| until || bote || || || VW_068 || || ||
 
|-
  
|-
 
| until || bona || || || VW_068 || || ||
 
| until || bona || || || VW_068 || || ||
 
|-
  
|-
−
| until || booyaatɛ || || || VW_068 || || ||
+
| until || booyaate || || || VW_068 || || ||
   
 
|}
  
|}

Revision as of 15:23, 30 October 2012

Position in Sereer is mostly indicated with prepositions. Prepositions are syntactically free elements.

There are two classes of prepositions: those that function verbally and therefore take verbal morphology, and those that cannot take verbal morphology. I am also currently separating temporal prepositions because they take particular morphology that I don't fully understand.


Basic Prepositions

Gloss Adposition Source Notes, Example Sentences
at/to n- VW_054 eg. noboxole "at the dog"
with fo VW_054 fo japil "with the knife", fo oteo "with the woman"
in/inside kam JM_021, VW_040
near/by/next to pam pam JM_021, VW_040 pam ndaxarne "by the tree"
over/above/on/up tok JM_021, VW_040 used also as adv. "up"
under ɗoχang ɗoxang, ɗoxaŋ JM_021 ɗoxang mbajne "under the blanket"
inside/in between/in the middle andeer JM_012, VW_040
amidst/between/surrounded by/inside ndeer VW_024 ndeer taxarke "amidst the trees"
between, in the middle between (2 things) ndeender VW_024 ndeender taxarke "between the (two) trees"
in front of mbaambir JM_021, VW_054
behind/after acinj JM_021, VW_040 acinj mbine "behind the house"
behind kataa VW_040
outside tafil VW_040 also N "outside"

Verbal Prepositions

Gloss Adposition Verbal Root Meaning Source Notes, Example Sentences
around widna, mbidna twist around wid VW_040
toward jofna go toward ɟof VW_024
near (to) matna be near mat VW_024
far from goƭna be far goƭ VW_024
from xatna come from xat VW_068
from inoorna come from inoor VW_068
in front of adox?? be first adox VW_038 (JH_039) derived from "leader" N
above yoorox?? be above yoorox VW_097

Temporal Prepositions

Gloss Adposition Source Notes, Example Sentences
before bala VW_054
during ananga VW_068
during yete VW_068
during/in na VW_068 same as n- above ?
until bote VW_068
until bona VW_068
until booyaate VW_068
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