Adpositions

Position in Sereer is mostly indicated with prepositions. Prepositions are syntactically free elements.

There are two classes of prepositions: those that function verbally and therefore take verbal morphology, and those that cannot take verbal morphology. I am also currently separating temporal prepositions because they take particular morphology that I don't fully understand.

Basic Prepositions

Gloss	Adposition			Source			Notes, Example Sentences
at/to	n-			VW_054			eg. noboχolɛ "at the dog"
with	fo			VW_054			fo ɟapil "with the knife", fo otɛo "with the woman"
in/inside	kam			JM_021, VW_040
near/by/next to	pam	pam		JM_021, VW_040			pam ⁿdaχarnɛ "by the tree"
over/above/on/up	tok			JM_021, VW_040			used also as adv. "up"
under	ɗoχang	ɗoχaᵑɡ, ɗoχaŋ		JM_021			ɗoχaᵑɡ ᵐbaɟnɛ "under the blanket"
inside/in between/in the middle	a'ndeer			JM_012, VW_040
amidst/between/surrounded by/inside	ⁿdɛɛr			VW_024			ⁿdɛɛr taχarkɛ "amidst the trees"
between, in the middle between (2 things)	ⁿdɛɛrⁿdɛr			VW_024			ⁿdɛɛⁿdɛr taχarkɛ "between the (two) trees"
in front of	ᵐbaaᵐbir			JM_021, VW_054
behind/after	aciⁿɉ			JM_021, VW_040			acinᶮɟ ᵐbinɛ "behind the house"
behind	ka'taa			VW_040
outside	ˈtafil			VW_040			also N "outside"

Verbal Prepositions

Gloss	Adposition	Verbal Root	Meaning	Source			Notes, Example Sentences
around	widna, mbidna	twist around	wid	VW_040
toward	jofna	go toward	ɟof	VW_024
near (to)	matna	be near	mat	VW_024
far from	goƭna	be far	goƭ	VW_024
from	xatna	come from	xat	VW_068
from	inoorna	come from	inoor	VW_068
in front of	adox??	be first	adox	VW_038 (JH_039)			derived from "leader" N
above	yoorox??	be above	yoorox	VW_097

Temporal Prepositions

Gloss	Adposition			Source			Notes, Example Sentences
before	bala			VW_054
during	anaᵑga			VW_068
during	yɛtɛ			VW_068
during/in	na			VW_068
until	botɛ			VW_068
until	bona			VW_068
until	booyaatɛ			VW_068