Difference between revisions of "Negation"
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===Morphological exponence=== |
===Morphological exponence=== |
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| − | ''See [[Negative paradigms]] for |
+ | ''See [[Negative paradigms|examples of negative paradigms]] for some subject-object agreement paradigms with negation.'' |
The negative morph exhibits complex allomorphy and at times coalesces with neighboring vowels. It also irregularly presents a final segment '''-r''' that appears in certain contexts; in final position with the negative morphs of the shape '''-ee''', use of '''-eer''' is seen as a characteristic of older generations' speech, and there is essentially free variation between usage of '''-ee''' and '''-eer''' in these contexts: |
The negative morph exhibits complex allomorphy and at times coalesces with neighboring vowels. It also irregularly presents a final segment '''-r''' that appears in certain contexts; in final position with the negative morphs of the shape '''-ee''', use of '''-eer''' is seen as a characteristic of older generations' speech, and there is essentially free variation between usage of '''-ee''' and '''-eer''' in these contexts: |
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Revision as of 02:06, 15 December 2012
Non-verbal phenomena
Adjectival and Adverb "negation"
For antonymic derived modifiers and agentive nouns, see Predication Strategies.
In the case of the antonymic derivational suffix -eer, the shape is suspiciously similar to that of the verbal negative morph -i(r). More research is needed to conclude whether or not these are actually the same morph, which is entirely feasible given the verbal character of most "modifiers" in Sereer.
Prohibitive
For the semantically related prohibitive mood, see Imperatives and Procedurals.
The prohibitive is expressed by way of a preverbal, uninflected particle ba(r), which superficially resembles the negative prefix in its coda -r. It is unclear if the historical origins of the prohibitive particle are actually amenable to this proposed connection, however.
Verbal negation
Verbal negation is expressed by an affix that generally takes the shape -i(r). Its allomorphy is complex and will be examined in further detail immediately, while syntactic restrictions on its usage are gathered in the following section.
Morphological exponence
See examples of negative paradigms for some subject-object agreement paradigms with negation.
The negative morph exhibits complex allomorphy and at times coalesces with neighboring vowels. It also irregularly presents a final segment -r that appears in certain contexts; in final position with the negative morphs of the shape -ee, use of -eer is seen as a characteristic of older generations' speech, and there is essentially free variation between usage of -ee and -eer in these contexts:
| Gloss | Sereer | Gloss | Sereer |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1SG | -iim | 1PL | i [mut]-ee(r) |
| 2SG | -iro' | 2PL | nu [mut]-ee(r) |
| 3SG | -ee(r) | 3PL | [mut]-ee(r) |
It seems that the variation between the -i and -ir negative allomorphs is largely predictable from segmental context, ...
More coming Faytak 01:20, 15 December 2012 (UTC)'
Syntax
- matrix clause vs. embedded clause
- alternate future tense inflection
- How it works with reduplication
more coming Faytak 01:34, 15 December 2012 (UTC)
