English-Arapaho dictionary

DRAFT -- last updated June 1, 2006

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Contact Lisa Conathan -- conathan(at)berkeley(dot)edu -- with additions, comments or corrections.

List of contributing speakers

Acknowledgements and sources

List of abbreviations


A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z


A

a lot
nó'ot- pv much, a lot
howoh- pv many, much, a lot
howúhnéniinóó' vii 1) there is a lot , 2) there is too much
bee3- pv a lot
a
céése' na a, one, another
abandon
noo3- vta 1) to leave s.o. behind, 2) to abandon s.o.
abdomen
wonót ni-dep abdomen, belly
able
ni'- pv potential, able to
ni'ítoo- vai 1) to do something well, 2) to be able to do something
about
hi'ííhi' particle 1) instrumental, with, 2) about, concerning
hi'- pv instrumental, with, by means of, about
bebenéh particle about, approximately, roughly
above
hihcébe' particle 1) above, up, 2) in heaven
acceptable
ni'óó- vii to be good, nice, acceptable, ok
accident
cée3- pv by accident
céé3too- vai to do something by accident
cée3xóhetí- vai to get oneself to a place by accident, get oneself into a bad situation
accompany
nii3neniib- vta 1) to be with s.o, accompany s.o., be with s.o., 2) to support s.o., stand by s.o.
nii3óón- vta to go with s.o., to accompany s.o.
néí'iníí3oon- vta to accompany s.o. closely on a trip or errand
accomplish a goal
kóhkutoo- vai to accomplish one's goal
accomplish
ceestówoo- vai 1) to succeed, 2) to accomplish something
accord
niihen- pv by oneself, of one's own accord
accustomed to
nóo3ííton- vta to be or get accustomed to s.o.
nóo3ínoo'oo- vai to have gotten used to something or someone
ache
hesowowutii- vai to ache, hurt
no'oxóéhi- vai to ache, be sore
sesiini'oo- vai to ache
acquire
biisíínowóó3it- vti acquire a skill or ceremony by watching others carefully
across the river
hóóxonó'oo particle across the river, on the other side of the river
across
cebtóxotii- vai to lay things across one another, criss-cross
tokóóxuunííhi' adv across, on the other side
adolescent
honóh'oe na (male) adolescent, teenager, youth, young man
adorn
teexóó3ei'i- vai to have things upon oneself (e.g. a soldier adorned with medals)
advise
hiiseineeb- vta to advise s.o., tell s.o. to do something
afraid
híis- vta to be afraid of s.o., fear s.o.
tiit- vti to be afraid of s.t., fear s.t.
híít- vti to be afraid of s.t., scared of s.t.
héí3ecoo- vai to be afraid
African American
wo'oteenih'óó3oo na black person, African American person
after
toh- pv when, because, after
tohuu- pv when, because, after (habitual aspect)
afternoon
hiiskoh'uusiini- vii to be afternoon
again
ci' pv 1) also, 2) again
co' pv again, back, returning
ce' pv again, back, returning
ci' particle again
ce'ííhi' adv again
koox- proclitic again
age
neehiicxóóyeihí- vai to be of the same generation, be the same age
agree
ni'óóbetí- vai to agree with one another
ní'oob- vta to agree with s.o.
ní'oobéíhi- vai to be agreed with, have one's offer or proposal accepted
aim
sebeyoohóó3ei- vai to aim at s.t.
sebeyén- vti to aim at s.t.
air
hoowu3oow ni air, breath
airplane
niiníh'ohúúnoo' ni airplane
airport
níítohkóú'usé'i ni airport
all around
híítono'on- vta 1) to be on both sides of s.o., 2) to be all around s.o.
all the way
hóóyeinííhi' adv all the way to a place
all
hono'útoyóó- vii to be complete, all there
behííhi' adv all, entirely, as a whole
beisííhi' adv 1) all, entirely, completely, 2) everyone
boh- pv all, everyone
kónohúúhu' adv 1) all, everything, 2) most, majority
beh- pv all
beis- pv all
konóh- pv all
allative
won- pv allative, going to do something
alligator
hiincebíít na 1) water monster, 2) alligator, crocodile
allow
xóuuwoo3ib- vta to permit s.o. to do something, allow s.o. to do something
xóuuwoo3ih- vta to permit s.o. to do something, allow s.o. to do something
allright
hih'óó particle okay, all right, fine
almost
héyeih- pv almost, nearly approaching a goal
too- pv almost
wúho'ookúúhu' adv almost right, almost what I want
toonííhi' adv almost
alone
níis- pv 1) only, 2) alone
nííseihi- vai 1) to be one, 2) to be alone
níísneníí- pv alone
níisísee- vai to be alone, be left alone
along
niihííhi' adv along (e.g. a river or stream)
niihóótee- vii to be located along somewhere
already
woow particle now, already
hiis- pv already, perfect aspect
also
ci' pv 1) also, 2) again
howóó particle also, even
niixóó particle also
hííkoot particle also
niixóó particle also, in addition
altar
3í'eyoo ni 1) monument along a trail, 2) the pile of dirt in front of a sweatlodge, dug out from the firepit, 3) altar
3í'eyóonéíhiinóó' vii an altar has been set up, an altar has been established
3í'eyóonóót- vti to place an altar at a location
3í'eyóonóótii- vai to set up an altar or monument
always
tecó'on- pv always
tecó'onííhi' adv always, all the time
amiss
kóhtowúúni' vii there is something amiss, untoward
kóhtowú3ecóó- vai to think that something is amiss, feel strange about something
ancient
héétee particle 1) before, prior, previous, earlier, 2) in ancient times, traditionally
ko3éinííhi' adv of an old type, ancient
and
wo'éí3 particle or, but
noh particle and
angel
betéé3oo na 1) shadow, 2) spirit, angel
niibííniit na angel
hécesbetee3óó na angel
angry
3oxóni'éí'oo- vai 1) to look angry, 2) to frown
cesoni3ecóó- vai to be mad, angry
hesnonóóton- vta to be mad at s.o., angry with s.o.
hesinih- vta to make s.o. mad, angry
hesnónee- vai to be angry
animal
cese'eihíí na game, wild quadruped mammal, wild animals hunted for food
ankle
wonó' ni-dep 1) ankle, 2) wrist
annoucer
nooxuneihii na announcer, crier
announce
nóooxunóóhu' vii it has been announced
nóooxunóótiini' vii it has been announced publicly
nóooxunéé- vai to announce something publicly
another time
hoo3ííhi' adv 1) later, 2) next time, 3) another time
another
céése' na a, one, another
kóxuu- pv another, alternative, different
answer
hooxóénihíí3- vta 1) to answer s.o., 2) to respond to s.o.
hooxóénihíí- vai to answer, respond
ant
hééni' na ant
antelope
nisíce na 1) antelope, pronhorn antelope, 2) water strider
anthill
hééniiyoowú' ni anthill
antler
hiníínis ni horn, antler
anus
bé3it ni-dep anus
anyhow
konóhxuu particle anyhow, anyway, despite warnings
anyway
konóhxuu particle anyhow, anyway, despite warnings
Apache
ti'iihiinen na Apache person
appear good
ní'noéyotí' vii it appears to be good, looks good
appear
bisísee- vai 1) to appear, come in to view, 2) (the sun) to rise
bééyei3óót- pv it seems that, it appears that
biskóóhu- vai 1) to appear suddenly, appear running, 2) to go out (searching)
apple
bee'íce'éé' ni apple
appreciation
bébi'íni- vai to give thanks, show appreciation
approach
nééyeiníh'ohu- vai to fly close by, to approach by flying
neehéyei'on- vta to approach s.o.
neehéyei'- vti to approach s.t.
neehéyeikúútii- vai to approach something rapidly
neehéyeikóóhu- vai to approach something running
neeheyéísee- vai to approach something walking
approximately
bebenéh particle about, approximately, roughly
April
bénii'owuusíís ni April
apron
se'éíctoot ni apron
Arapaho Lodge
hinono'oowu' ni 'Arapaho Lodge', identified as the 'fifth dance' in Kroeber's "The Arapaho"
Arapaho Tribe
hinono'eiteen ni Arapaho Tribe
Arapaho
Bo'óóciinén na Northern Arapaho
Nóówunóno'ei na Southern Arapaho
hinonó'eisóó na young Arapaho person
hinóno'eitíít ni Arapaho language
hinóno'úsei na Arapaho woman
hinóno'éí na Arapaho person
hinóno'éí' na Arapaho (pl.)
nóno'éinííhi' adv in the Arapaho way
hoowuniihinen na Lower Arapaho
nóno'éinííne'etíít ni the Arapaho way of life
arise
koheí'i- vai get up or stand up (from a sitting or lying position), arise
arm band
niisiheswouh ni arm band
arm
beecét ni-dep 1) hand, arm, 2) a constellation of five stars
bénes ni-dep arm
híítonóó3ee- vai to arm oneself, get one's weapons
armpit
3éi3é' ni armpit
around
hííneenííhi' adv by turning around, in a turning around manner
híínee- pv turning around, reversing direction
noo'óee- pv around (a spot), in circles
noo'óeenííhi' adv around
3ebhíín3ííhi' adv around (circumventing) there
arrange
níítei'óó- to be arranged in single file
arrive home
no'eeckóóhu- vai to arrive back at one's home
cé'no'eeckóóhu- vai to arrive back home
arrive
híitísee- vai to come in the direction of the speaker, arrive where the speaker is
nó'úúhu- vai to arrive at camp
no'uxóóton- vta to arrive at s.o.'s location, come to s.o.
no'úh'ohu- vai to arrive by flying
no'kóóhu- vai to arrive by running
níitísee- vai to arrive from someplace
no'kóóhuuhéí- vai to arrive on horseback
bíí'onísee- vai to arrive propitiously, show up at just the right time
no'úhcehí- vai to arrive quickly, run or ride up to a place
nó'ceikóóhuuhéí- vai to arrive riding toward the speaker
nóhohoonííno'úsee- vai to arrive somewhere on foot while hurrying
no'úhcehéíhi- vai to have arrived quickly at a place, have just gotten somewhere in a hurry
no'- pv to reach the terminal point of a linear path, arrive
arrow
ho3 ni arrow
néic ni arrow
arrowhead
wóosóó3 ni arrowhead, flint
artery
be'íb na vein, artery
artist
niiwoowó3onóheit na artist
ash
ce'í3ee ni ash
ho'esciibis ni ash tree, scientific name Fraxinus pensylvanica
ashamed
teyeihi- vai to be ashamed
teyeihei- vai to be ashamed for someone
Asian
niih'éínookút na 1) an East Asian person, 2) someone who resembles an East Asian person
aside
ceibísee- vai to move to the side, move over, get out of the way
ask
nokóóyeiníiitowóót- vti to ask for s.t. through the process of fasting
noton- vta to ask s.o., ask s.o. a question
níiítowóó- vai to ask for something for oneself
kóónee'éébi- vai to ask for something seriously, in the proper manner
asleep
nókohu- vai to sleep, be asleep
aspen
bíiít ni 1) quaking aspen, scientific name Populus tremuloides, 2) elms, scientific name Ulmus spp.?
assemble
hoo'éikóóhu- vai to assemble together, run together
hoo'einéíhi- vai to be together, assembled
hoo'eikóni' vii (a group or tribe) is assembled
assistant
ho3ío' na a young man who serves as a helper, assistant or runner during a ceremony
aster
bííhceyínoo'óó' ni flower of the aster family, Asteraceae spp.
síísííyeinóxu' ni a plant, possibly aster, scientific name Asteraceae
Asteraceae
bííhceyínoo'óó' ni flower of the aster family, Asteraceae spp.
attached
héíbiní- vii to be stuck, attached to something
héíbi- vii to be stuck, attached to something
héíbi- vai to be stuck, attached to something
néibí'ini- vii to be (habitually) attached to something or someplace
attack
bisííten- vti 1) to attack s.t., 2) to raid s.t.
bisííton- vta to attack s.o., raid s.o.
bisíítoo- vai to attack
attractive
hi3ówoonéíhi- vai to be good-looking, attractive, pretty
attractive
noxoséíhi- vai 1) to be good looking, attractive, 2) to be sweet
auger
tónooxóhoé ni auger
August
niihóónkóo'úúniisíís ni August
aunt
nehéi na-dep my aunt
automobile
niiniihencebkóóhut na automobile, car
autumn
céénkoo' ni 1) fall, autumn, 2) October
tóóyouni- vii to be fall, autumn
tóyounííhi' adv in the autumn
tóyouní- vii to be autumn
available
níi3iní- vii 1) to be held, possessed, 2) to be available, at one's disposal
awake
hoowóto'óó- vai to be awake
away
beebei'ón particle far away, way over there
cesisíh'ohú- vai to fly away
honohúbe' particle there, away from here
awl
kokóubéí ni awl
ax
ho'onóóx ni ax

B

baby
téí'yoonehíhi' na baby, small child
back and forth
hiince'ísee- vai to pace, walk back and forth
back fat
nonii ni the back fat of a buffalo
back
níicibísee- vai to walk to the back, walk to the rear
co' pv again, back, returning
ce' pv again, back, returning
níicíbe' particle in back, especially in the back of the camp, in the rear
ce'íisííhi' adv back again in that direction
néé'eetéébe' particle in the back (e.g. of a tipi)
backbone
wótotóoy ni-dep backbone, spine
backrest
wohunohóé ni ?backrest, pillow
bacon
nih'óó3ouwóxuu ni bacon
bad
woxútoo- vai 1) to do something wrong, do something bad, 2) to sin
woxóuubéíhi- vai to feel bad
woxéíhi- vai 1) to be bad, mean, 2) to be ugly
badger
woh'ooó na badger
bag
ce'éinóx ni container, can be used for e.g. a bag, box, luggage, purse, satchel, trunk
ho'úwoonó3 ni parfleche, bag for jerked meat
touse3óo ni pouch or bag for tobacco, pipe, porcupine quills, etc.
ce'éíyoó ni 1) container, 2) paper bag
ho'úwoonóx ni rawhide bag
baked goods
nisíkoc ni cake, baked goods, pastry
baking powder
nisonóxoh'óe ni leavening agent such as baking powder or yeast
bald eagle
nooke'éibeh'éí na bald eagle
héétese'éit na bald eagle
biihtése'éít na bald eagle
bald
bihtesé'ei- vai to be bald, have a bald spot
bale
beenóókuhu' ni bale (e.g. of hay)
beenookhú'u' ni bale of hay
ball bearings
béí'ci3eiceeteyehí3i' na (pl.) ball bearings
ball
koho'owooó na ball
banana
nóóhousóó' ni banana
band
Hoxoo'o3inéno' na (pl.) one of four Arapaho bands identified by Kroeber, said by Kroeber to have been on the South Canadian river in Oklahoma
bank
hoxtóóno'óúni- vii there is a bank, steep slope, or cliff there
hoxtóóno' ni bank, cliff
baptize
touse'eneihi- vai to be baptized
bar
benohéíno'oowú' ni bar, saloon
barberry
cécinbiicííxo ni creeping barberry, scientific name Mahonia repens
barely
noxow- pv 1) very (intensifier), 2) barely, 3) just now
bark
beebee- vai (a dog) to bark
hinóoóx ni bark
wóhbee- vai to bark
barrel
ce'éíbes ni 1) box, 2) barrel
bat
woséín3e'enéíhii na bat
bath
tóusébi- vai 1) to swim, 2) to take a bath, bathe
bathe
tóusébi- vai 1) to swim, 2) to take a bath, bathe
hiinouu- vai 1) to swim around, 2) to bathe
tóúsebííxohéí- vai to be taken to bathe
bathroom
céénokuhcehéíno'oowú' ni outhouse, bathroom, restroom
biihííno'oowú' ni bathroom, privy
tóúsebííno'óówu' ni bathroom
battle
bóó3etí- vii there is a fight, there is a battle
bóó3etí- vai to fight with one another, do battle
bóó3etíít ni fighting, war, battle
be
nohuusóho- vii that's how it is, let it be that way
cebii'óónoo- vii to come to be, come to pass
héntoo- vai 1) to be present, 2) be in a particular place, be located somewhere
nenéé- vii it is it, that is it
cebíí'oo- vai to come to be, come into being
bead
ceenééteeyóó' ni bead
ce'íbinóotí' ni bead
beaded
kotóhuu- vii to be beaded
beak
bé'is ni-dep 1) nose, 2) beak
beans
wonííhiiho' na beans, scientific name Fabaceae spp.
bear fat
woxniinen ni bear fat
bear paw
woxse'eihtoo ni bear paw
bear
nóókox na 1) white bear, 2) polar bear
nonóókunéseet na grizzly bear
woxuusóó na bear cub
heebétox na 1) big bear, 2) grizzly bear
wox na bear
bearberry
noh'úwuno ni bearberries, scientific name Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (berries)
noh'úwunbííse' ni bearberry bush, scientific name Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (bush)
beard
biixoxko'onoo ni (buffalo) beard
beardtongue
wookúúno' ni penstemon, beardtongue, scientific name Penstemon spp.
beat
hoyóó3- vta to win against s.o., beat s.o. in a contest
beautiful
bébeenéíhi- vai to be beautiful, pretty
Beaver Rim
héétcowóúúte' placename Beaver Rim, WY
beaver
hébes na beaver
hebesokoy ni beaver lodge
because
toh- pv when, because, after
tohuu- pv when, because, after (habitual aspect)
hóókoh particle because
become
níí3o'oo- vai to become like something else
bed
híísibí- vai to lie down, go to bed
hooó ni bed
bedbug
bei'téi na-dep louse, bedbug
bee
kóho'ok na bee, wasp, yellowjacket, hornet
beehive
koho'okuunokoy ni beehive
beetle
ce'biisee na beetle
before
hééscii- pv before, while not yet
heecét proclitic before (another event), while not yet
beg
kóónee- vai to beg for something, beseech someone for something
begin
ce3- pv begin to do something, inceptive
césis- pv to begin to do something
césistoo- vai to begin to do something
behave
teiitoonéíhi- vai 1) to be quiet, 2) to sit still, 3) to be well behaved
belch
bée3ícei- vai to belch
believe
hee3óóbeenéét- vti to believe in s.t., consider s.t. true
hí3oowótonéíhiinóó- vii to be believed
hí3oowoton- vai to believe
hee3óóbeeneb- vta to believe in s.o.
híí3oowóton- vta to believe s.o.
híí3oowót- vti to believe s.t.
hí3oowót- vti to believe s.t.
hí3oowú3ecoo- vai to believe something to be true, to have faith in something
bell
nohcéíneeyóo ni bell
belly button
bé3in ni-dep 1) belly button, 2) umbilical cord
belly
wonót ni-dep abdomen, belly
béé3ií ni 1) belly, paunch, 2) lining of the paunch of an animal
bellyband
hóóxuuku ni bellyband, saddle girth
belt
koyootéé na belt
bent
hone'éékuu- vai to stand bent down
hookow- pv bent
berdache
hoxúx na 1) berdache, transvestite, 2) also applied to a homosexual person (of either sex)
berry
bííbinee- vai to eat berries (usually straight from the bush)
3ó'owú'uwonee- vai to grind or crush berries
hóóxehíb ni buffalo berry, bull berry
sée3íbino' ni berries or cones of pine or juniper trees, scientific names Juniperus communis, Sabina spp., Pinus spp.
bííbinoot ni 1) berry, 2) extended to other small roundish fruit such as grape or raisin
beseech
kóónee- vai to beg for something, beseech someone for something
beside
kokóon- pv on the side, beside
kókoo'ún- vta to be beside s.o.
best
honóuunowóót- vti to do s.t. in the preferable or best way
bet
hóó3o' particle I bet it is so
better
hííneyó'otii- vai to remediate a situation, make things better
beyond
cebe'éítii- vai to do something more than the limit, go beyond a limit
beyond
cebe'éítoo- vai to do something more than the number of times allowed, go beyond a limit
cebííhi' adv beyond, past
cebe'einííhi' adv beyond (a place, a limit)
Big Dipper
téébiicéso'o' na Big Dipper
Big Lodge person
béesóowúunén na one of the five 'subtribes' identified by Kroeber, member of the branch of the greater Arapaho-Gros Ventre tribe which went by this name, variously translated as 'Great Lakes person,' or 'big lodge person'
Big Wheel
bééxotii na Big Wheel
Big Wind River
hóteiniicíe ni Big Wind River
big
heebe3ííhi' adv large, big, immense
beeseihtee- vai to have big feet
bees3ee3ei- vai to have big hands
héébetóóx na big horse
heebe3inén na big man
heebetóóxei na big wolf
béései3e- vai to be big, large, have a big body
bees- pv big, large
beesóó- vii to be big, large
beeseinoehi- vai to be big, large
heebe3nenítee na 1) big person, 2) monster
bigger
beesísei- vai to be an older or bigger girl or woman
birch
nííyoo'óé ni red-bush, red birch, mountain birch, water birch, scientific name Betula fontinalis
béé'exootí' ni 1) mountain birch, 2) Osage orange tree
bird
nii'ehííhi' adv having to do with eagles or birds
nii'ehíísoo na young bird, nestling
nii'éíhii na 1) bird, 2) eagle
nii'ehííni- vai to be a bird, be an eagle
bird-like
níí'ehiinííhi' adv in a bird-like or eagle-like manner
biscuit root
nii'éétee' ni a plant known as bear root, biscuit root, pungent desert parsley or consumption plant, scientific name Lomatium dissectum, described by Kroeber as "a greasy, carrot-like root" (TA:32)
bit
beenihéhe' particle a little bit, few
bite
toyóób- vta to bite s.o.
ko'oot- vti to bite s.t., take a bite of s.t.
bitter root
neníícisoxú'oo' ni a medicinal root, possibly bitter root, scientific name Lewisia rediviva
wóóxcoo' ni bitter root, scientific name Lewisia rediviva
black
wo'oteenih'óó3oo na black person, African American person
wo'teen- pv 1) black, 2) dark
wo'teenóte'éí- vai to have black hair
wo'óteeyóó- vii to be black
wo'teenéíhi- vai to be black
blackbird
nih'eenó' na blackbird
béebé'3e'enéíhii na red-winged blackbird
níhoonnih'éeno' na yellow-headed blackbird
bladder
hinís ni bladder
blame
hó3oowub- vta to blame s.o.
blanket
hóu ni blanket, robe
nééceenóú ni the chief's blanket
hóoxóúbee- vai to wear a blanket, cover oneself with a blanket
bleed
be'ííni- vii to bleed
bless
bee3h- vta to bless s.o., pray for s.o. to be successful
níísih- vta to bless s.o., pray over s.o.
níísihkuu3- vta to bless s.o. quickly or rapidly
woxú'uuwu- vai to bless something
cecéecó'ohuun- vai to ceremonially bless
ceceecó'oh- vta to ceremonially bless s.o.
wóxu'óóntoo- vai to perform a blessing ceremony
blessed
woxú'ootííni' vii 1) it has been blessed, 2) power or authority has been granted ceremonially
ceceecéíhi'ííhi' adv in a blessed way
blink
céheekú- vai 1) to blink one's eyes, 2) (the Thunderbird) to make lightning, 3) lightening to flash
céheekúhcehi- vai to blink
hííne'éicéheekúhcehí- vai to blink one's eyes rapidly while turning one's head
blizzard
nookubee3ei na 1) white owl, 2) used figuratively to refer to snowy weather or frost
blood
hinót na blood clot
bé'eek ni gravy, blood gravy
be' ni blood
blouse
biixúút ni 1) shirt, blouse, 2) dress
blow one's nose
nii'ííbee- vai to blow one's nose
blow
nó'oo'héése- vii to be blown far from camp
blue
cenééteeyóó- vii to be blue or green
bluebell
ceenééteené'einóó' ni bluebell, scientific name Mertensia ciliata
blunt
hoowtoxu'óó- vii 1) to be blunt , 2) to be dull
blush
bo'óúu'éí'oo- vai 1) to turn red, 2) to blush
board
se'íbes ni board, plank
boat
3iiw ni boat, canoe, ship
bobcat
to'úú3eebexóókee na bobcat
to'uu3i'eibexóókee na bobcat
body
béései3e- vai to be big, large, have a big body
beténeyóoó ni-dep (human) body
bogeyman
bííbeet na bogeyman
boil
ko'youhu- vai to cook or boil something for oneself
sii'ihéíton- vta to put something in water (to cook or boil) for s.o.
boil
sii'ihwó'oyei- vai to put something into a pot or kettle to cook or boil
kóótee- vii to boil
kóóhob- vti to boil s.t.
bone
hix ni bone
book
wo3ónohóe ni paper, book, notebook, mail, anything made of paper
boot
touhóóno'óh ni boot
border
towóoxéisé' vii 1) something is marked by breaking, a route or road has been made by breaking things (as in railroad construction), 2) a border is marked
bored
ciisibínoo'óó- vai to get tired of something, find something monotonous
borrow
hotóónee- vta to burrow in to s.o.
hotóónee- vti to burrow in to s.t.
both sides
híítono'on- vta 1) to be on both sides of s.o., 2) to be all around s.o.
bother
nosóúnoxuuh- vta to keep bothering, harassing or persecuting someone
coo'u3éí'i- vai to bother people, harass people
nó'cou'u3éí'i- vai to come to bother or harass people
néenonih- vta 1) to continually bother s.o., 2) to continually persecute s.o.
noxúuh- vta to bother s.o., persecute s.o.
cóú'utii- vai 1) to bother something or someone, 2) to play with something casually
neenóóxobei- vai 1) to bother someone's horses, 2) to take someone's horses
cou'uh- vta to bother s.o.
bottle
niinéét ni 1) nipple, 2) bottle for feeding a baby
ceeníhcoo' ni a transparent container such as a bottle, jar, or glass
bottom
nókowúúhu' particle down here, at the bottom
céno'úúhu' particle at the bottom (when looking down from the top)
bow
beeté' ni bow
bowl
cee'einóó' ni bowl
bowstring
beetéyook na 1) bowstring, 2) string or rope made of sinew, 3) also extended to other string not made of sinew
box elder
hoxúús, hoxwúús ni box elder tree, scientific name Negundo aceroides
box
ce'éinóx ni container, can be used for e.g. a bag, box, luggage, purse, satchel, trunk
ce'éíbes ni 1) box, 2) barrel
boy
honóh'oehíhi' na little boy
hecéxonóh'oe na young boy
boyfriend
nebii'ó'oo na-dep my sweetheart, my girlfriend, my boyfriend
bracelet
wooxón ni 1) bracelet, 2) also used for jewelery in general
wohnóx ni bracelet
braid
nii3óótee'ee ni braid
nii3óotééni- vii to be braided
nii3óotééni- vai to be braided, be in braids
nii3óótee'ein- vta to braid s.o.'s hair
nii3óótee'en- vti to braid s.t. (hair, rope), make a braid
brain
betééc ni-dep brain
branch
hitéi ni branch, treelimb
brave
hiisíítookoxúúnee vai to earn a feather, as a symbol of a brave deed
hiihóho'nen- vta to act bravely towards s.o.
hiihóho'néíhi- vai to be brave
bread
cebiteenoc ni fry bread
co'céí- vai to fry bread
có'coo ni bread, loaf of bread
có'oc ni bread, loaf of bread
breadroot
hiicénii Indian breadroot, scientific name Pediomelum esculentum
break wind
cééti- vai to fart, break wind, pass gas
break
tebikuutii- vai to break something
breast
bé3en ni-dep breast
breath
hoowu3oow ni air, breath
hoowo3óów ni 1) breath, 2) air, 3) life
nííhon3óówu- vai to keep one's breath for a long time, avoid running out of breath for a long time
breathe
hoowo3óówo- vai to breathe
breechcloth
wonóut ni breechcloth, loincloth
breeze
teiise- vii to be breezy
breeze
kóxo'tóése- vii to be breezy
toeese- vii to be cold and breezy, there is a cold breeze
bridge
hooxuu3ííw ni bridge
bridle
ciitohko'neeyoo ni bridle
bring a story
nó'oo3íte'e- vai to bring a story here from another place
bring back
neyéíxohowóó- vai to try to get/bring things back for oneself
bring here
ceixotii- vai to bring something here
bring home
no'óókoo3- vta to bring s.o. home
no'óokéí'i- vai to bring something home, transport something to one's house
bring
no'oxoh- vta to bring s.o.
céíxoh- vta to bring s.o. in the direction of the speaker
bíí'ono'oxoh- vta to bring s.o. to a place just at the right time
hiitíxotii- vai to bring something here from someplace
céi3- vta to bring something here to s.o.
nó'uxoton- vta to deliver something to s.o.
nó'uxohéíhi- vai to have been delivered to a place
broad
cííxoyoo- vii to be broad
broken
towóónee- vai to have a broken leg
tebé'ei- vai 1) to be broken off at the head, 2) to have the top broken off
tówo'oní- vii to be broken
broom
wotí'ohóe ni broom
brother in law
nei3ébi na-dep (my) sibling in law of the opposite sex, (my) brother in law (woman speaking), (my) sister in law (man speaking)
neyóo na-dep my brother in law
brother
nééhebéhe' na-dep younger sibling, younger brother or sister
néteséí na-dep (my) sibling of the opposite sex, (my) brother (woman speaking), (my) sister (man speaking)
neeséh'e na-dep older brother, also used to refer to the person fulfilling the role of 'older brother' in a ceremony or dance
brown
nisíh'oo- vii to be brown
brush fire
kotee- vii 1) (a large conflagration) to give off smoke, to burn, 2) there is a brush fire
brush
hiikóó' ni 1) woods , 2) brush
hookoo'eeni- vii (brush) to be thick
kooxúúhu' particle in the brush
no'otoo'óé- vii to be brushy
hi3oowúukóó- vii to be in the brush, under the brush
buck
censíb- vta (e.g. a horse) to throw s.o. off, buck s.o. off
bucket
nóókohóé ni 1) water dipper, 2) medicine switch, 3) bucket
nookoheinooo ni bucket
buckskin
biixót ni buckskin
buckwheat
biiscihin ni buckwheat, scientific name Eriogonum spp.
hónookó3ookúnu' buckwheat, scientific name Eriogonum spp.
buffalo berry
hóóxeehíbino' ni buffalo berry, scientific name Shepherdia canadensis
buffalo robe
hii3einoonóu ni buffalo robe
Buffalo Wheel
híí3einóónotíí na Buffalo Wheel, Medicine Wheel (a site in the Bighorn Mountains of Wyoming)
buffalo
hóóxehíb ni buffalo berry, bull berry
biihí3ii ni 1) buffalo chips, 2) diaper powder made from dried buffalo chips
híí3einóón ni 1) buffalo, 2) a herd of buffalo
biixóu ni buffalo cow robe
biis na buffalo cow
nónooni na young buffalo cow, approximately 2-3 years old
henéécee na buffalo bull
bug
bíísee na 1) bug, insect, 2) ?worm
bugle
níitóuu3óó ni 1) whistle, 2) flute, 3) bugle
build
nii3oxoeyéí- vai to build a fence, repair a fence
Bull Lake, WY
Nééceiní'ec placename Bull Lake, WY
bull
hóóxehíb ni buffalo berry, bull berry
bullet pouch
kokuyoono3oot ni 1) powder horn, 2) bullet pouch
bullsnake
hóóxeesíísiiyei na bullsnake, gopher snake
kookousiisiiyei na bullsnake, gopher snake
bulrush
hónoowúuxó' bulrush, scientific name Scirpus or Schoenoplectus spp.
bumblebee
héébe3kohó'ok na bumblebee
bundle
cee'eeku3oo ni a bundle of offerings
burn
kotee- vii 1) (a large conflagration) to give off smoke, to burn, 2) there is a brush fire
co'ouuté3ee- vii to be flaming high
ceh'éí- vai burn incense (from cedar)
kohóóxoénoo'óó' vii (a fire) is burning
kóhooxoénoo'ooni- vii (a fire) is burning
béetoxúh'u- vai to be completely burned up
héébete3ééyei- vai to burn something in a large fire
béete3ééyei- vai to burn something up
néétoxúh'u- vai to burn to death
cíístonóót- vti to keep s.t. burning a long time, keep s.t. burning continuously
burned
beexúuto'ówu' ni burned land, a burned area
burp
bée3ícei- vai to belch
burr
woníseineehíís ni 1) burr plant, 2) a figure representing a burr painted on the body during the Tomahawk Lodge ceremony, 3) wild licorice, scientific name scientific name Glycyrrhiza lepidota,
bus
nihoonotíí ni schoolbus
neyei3einotíí ni schoolbus
bush
cóó'oo'éé' ni shrub, bush
busy
neetónoohúú- vai to be busy
nonó'o3on- pv to be busy or engaged with something
but
wo'éí3 particle or, but
'oh particle but
butcher
céniihéíhi- vai to be butchered
céniihéí'i- vai to butcher
ceníih- vta to butcher s.o. (anim. obj.)
butter
nihóóncebítee ni butter
buttercup
henéíxo' buttercup, scientific name Ranunculaceae spp.
yenéinkóóti'i ni buttercup, scientific name Ranunculaceae spp.
nííhooné'einóó' buttercup, scientific name Ranunculus glaberrimus, possibly other Ranunculus spp., also black-eyed susan and related plants, scientific name Rudbeckia spp.
butterfly
níh'ootéibéíhii na butterfly
buttock
besóo ni-dep buttocks
button
hoxkúh-d vai 1) to button up, 2) to zip up
hóxkuhuut ni button
buy
cééstoo- vai to procure or obtain something, buy something (typically for oneself)
cééston- vta to procure or obtain something for s.o., buy something for s.o.
céne3eih- vta 1) to knock s.o. down or off someplace, 2) to purchase s.o.
céne3éíh- vti 1) to knock s.t. down or off someplace, 2) to purchase s.t.
hotóónoot- vti to buy s.t., purchase s.t.
hotóónee- vai to shop, buy things
buzz
hetei'oo- vai to make a buzzing noise
heteiníh'ohú- vai to make a buzzing noise while flying (e.g. a bee)
buzzard
woxóóxobe'- pv relating to buzzards, vultures
buzzer
nohceineekúú3oo ni buzzer
by itself
niihen- pv by oneself, of one's own accord
by oneself
niihéyoo adv by oneself, on one's own
by
ceb- pv pass by

C

cable
béí'ci3eiséénok na cable
cactus
hóho'oyóóx na 1) cactus, scientific name Cactaceae spp. and Opuntia spp., 2) peyote, scientific name Lophophora williamsii
cééyookúú' ni cactus of some type, scientific name Coryphantha or (most likely) scientific name Pediocactus spp.
cake
nisíkoc ni cake, baked goods, pastry
calculate
téceenéét- vti to guess s.t., try to figure s.t. out, calculate s.t. in one's mind
calf
wookéciisoo na calf
woo' na calf (baby cow)
ci'í3 ni, na calf of leg
call
heenéti3- vta 1) to talk to s.o., speak with s.o., 2) to call s.o. over
ní'ii3éé- vai to be called by a certain name
ní'ii3éíhi- vai to be called or named
nih'óó3ounih'ééhi- vai to be called or named a certain way by Whites
néé'eesíh'iit- vti that is what they call it
héti3óótiini' vii there is calling, there is responding
hééti3- vta to call for s.o.
heetí3eininénee- vai to call for s.o., as by whistling
notéíneeb- vta to call for s.o. by making a sound, such as whistling
ní'iit- vti to call s.t. a certain name
héti3- vta to call to s.o.
3ebtéeti3- vta to call to s.o. there
céhti3- vta to call s.o. over
called
néé'ee3e'ínonéíhiinóó' vii that is how something is known, that is how something is named, called
calm
téiitoonéíhi- vai to be quiet, calm, still
téiitooyóó- vii to be calm, still, quiet
Calochortus gunnisonii
seenéí'oxúú3eet ni scientific name Calochortus gunnisonii
camp circle
nééyei3- pv having to do with a camp circle
neeyéi3kó'einííhi' adv in a close circle, as in a camp
neeyéi3einóotii- vai to camp in a circle
camp
bée3ii- vai 1) to finish camping, take down camp, 2) to leave a place behind, as in moving camp
níiítoo- vai to locate camp, be located in camp
cebiihíítooni- vii (camp) is being moved along
cebííhi- vai to move camp along, past a place
hóotéé' vii something is located there, something is arranged or laid out there, there is a camp there
hóoteení' vii something is located there, something is arranged or laid out there, there is a camp there
hóotíí- vai to camp (individually rather than as a group or tribe), to set up camp
niisóotéé' vii how the camp is, how the camp is set up
níii- vai to camp
ko'einootii- vai to camp in a circle
can
3owo3nóoó ni can
cane
hóokóto ni cane
canoe
3iiw ni boat, canoe, ship
canteen
niibecohuut ni canteen
niibecoo ni canteen
canvas
bee3o'óoó' ni canvas, denim or other stiff, densely woven cloth
canyon
bíí3oonóó- vii there is a canyon
hiicóó' vii there is a canyon there
cap
co'té' ni cap
capsize
hi3ókunoo'óó- vii to capsize
captive
wowóonííni- vai to be captive, have been captured
capture
wowóonííni- vai to be captive, have been captured
ce3- vta to catch, trap or capture an animal
ce3éíhi- vai to have ben caught, trapped or captured
tóunínoo3- vta to capture, defeat, or count coup on an enemy
car
niiniihencebkóóhut na automobile, car
card
sei'kuu3óó ni playing card
cardinal
bé'ii'éíhii na cardinal
care
hééteeniihéíhi- vai to be taken good care of
heetééniih- vta to take care of s.o. (well)
careful
néstouhu- vai to be careful
carefully
kóó'oe- pv slowly, carefully, in due time
carpet
so'oo3óó ni 1) tablecloth, mat, 2) carpet, rug
carrot
yeneinít na carrot, indian carrot, gardner's yampah, scientific name Perideridia gairdneri
carry a blanket
nííwouwu- vai to carry a blanket
carry
bííno3óóhu- vai to carry a load, pack something
nííwoho'un- vta to carry s.o.
niiwóúhu'un- vta to carry s.o. (animate object) along (e.g. on a trip)
nííwoho'ón- vti to carry s.t. along (e.g. on a trip)
3ei'iinóót- to carry s.t. or s.o. on one's back
cartilage
3ei3 ni 1) tendon, 2) cartilage, 3) muscle
carve
wo3ono'úx- vti to mark s.t., carve s.t.
níí3es- vta to carve s.o.
castrate
neecéés na gelding, castrated horse
cat
wo'óoó na cat
catch sight
3ooxúúnon- vta to notice s.o., catch sight of s.o.
catch
ce3- vta to catch, trap or capture an animal
ce3éíhi- vai to have ben caught, trapped or captured
hiisíítenéíhi- vai to have been seized or caught
hiisííten- vta 1) to catch s.o., grab s.o., seize s.o., 2) to run after s.o.
Catholic
heenínouhut na 1) Catholic priest, 2) sometimes extended to a Catholic person in general
cattleman
wóókeciinén na rancher, cattleman
cave
tonoxtééni' vii 1) there is a cave, there is an opening in the earth, 2) there is a meadow or clearing in the forest, 3) there is a tundra area beyond the forest
cease fire
ceniiyóó3eti- vii a cease fire is in effect
cedar
cooh'óee- vai to smudge or cedar
cóóh'owuun- vta to smudge s.o., cedar s.o.
bé'3einó'o ni 1) cedar, 2) juniper
bé'3ein- pv having to do with cedar or juniper (Sabina scopulorum and Juniperus communis)
bé'e3éinóoo ni cedar
center pole
no'oúúhtoohóee ni center pole (in the sun dance)
noh'óuutohóe ni the center pole of the Sun Dance lodge
center
no'oúúhtoohóee ni center pole (in the sun dance)
3óówohóú'u' particle in the middle, at the center
neehíi3éí' particle in the center, in the middle
wotees- pv into the center
centipede
hoowuho'ohteet na centipede
hoowoho'ohteihii na centipede
ceremony
beyoowú'u ni (pl.) Arapaho religious and ceremonial life, especially ceremonial dances such as the Sun Dance and dances of each of the lodges
niistoowóohúút ni a performance of a ceremony or ritual
ciibénoo'óó- vai to perform a ceremony or ritual
nii'éíhiitoowó'o ni a ceremony concerning eagles, the Eagle Way
níístoowóohu- vai to perform a ceremony, engage in a ceremony
certain
néé'ee3e'ín- vti to be certain, be sure of s.t.
chain
toukú3eibéí'ci3é'i ni chain
chainpod
3ííkonwonííhiiho' ni (pl.) possibly chainpod, peavine, scientific name Hedysarum spp., or sweetclover, scientific name Melilotus spp.
chair
3i'okuutoo ni furniture one sits on such as a chair, couch, seat
change
hóókootén- vti to change s.t.
hokoo3en- vti to change s.t.
hookoo3ítoo- vai to change the way one does something, change one's ways
hókoo3ítoo- vai to change the way one is doing something, change tactics
chaos
nónsoo' vii there is confusion, chaos, disorder
noonsóó' ni 1) chaos, 2) confusion, 3) mess, disorder
chase
héíso'onéíhi- vai to be forced to scatter due to being chased, be chased away and apart
kúhnee- vai to be chased
ce3esó'onéíhi- vai to be chased away by someone
yéihow- vta to chase s.o.
woti'éso'on- vta to chase s.o. away (permanently), remove s.o. by chasing
niicibéso'on- vta to chase s.o. back, chase s.o. to the rear
yih'óon- vta to chase s.o., chase after s.o.
no'esó'on- vta to chase s.o. to here, where the speaker is
hookootéso'on- vta to chase s.o. to their home
yéíhowóó- vai to chase something
ce3esó'owuun- vta to chase something away from s.o.
chat
ciihóuut- vai to chat
check out
néhyon- vai to inspect something, check something out
check up
néhyonóóhob- vta to inspect s.o., check up on s.o. visually
nehyóntii- vai to inspect something, check up on something
nehyóhonííhi' adv concerning inspection, concerning checking up on something
néhyoníhee- vai to be checked up on
yóónoohow- vta to check up on s.o.
check
nehyóntii- vai to check something, check up on something
cheek
becé'i'oo ni-dep cheek
cheer
xoúúnooni- vii there is cheering
xóuunéé- vai to cheer
cheerful
hónobéíhi- vai to be cheerful, happy, merry
cherish
nei'hónonih- vta 1) to hold s.o. tight or close to oneself (figuratively), 2) to cherish or respect s.o.
tóónonítii- vai 1) to hold on to something (figuratively), 2) to value something, cherish something
chest
biisícei- vai to have a hairy chest
bescóoó' ni chest
chew
seyóóko'oníí- vai to chew
seyow3ei- vai to chew
chewing gum
séyowcéí na chewing gum
Cheyenne
hítesíí na Cheyenne
Hítesííno'óowú' placename Cheyenne, WY
chickadee
híco'ooteehíhi' na chickadee
sesiicebiihihi' na chickadee
bííceyéíhii na chickadee
chicken hawk
hééyei hóókecii na chicken hawk
neséínoox na chicken hawk, scientific name Accipiter spp.
chicken
nih'óó3ounii'éíhii na chicken
chief
néécee na chief
cebeeniineecee na quarter-chief
nééceeni- vai to be chief
child
téí'yoonehíhi' na baby, small child
tei'yoonéhe' na child, infant
hecóxookei na 1) a person of small rank or stature, 2) a child, not a grown-up
hecóxookéíhi- vai 1) to be a person of small rank or stature (figuratively), 2) to be a child
hecéxookéé- vai 1) to be a child, 2) to be young
neniisóó na-dep (my) child
téí'yoonii- vai to be a child
childish
téí'yooniinóóni- vai to be emotionally immature, childish
téí'yoonootéíhi- vai to be emotionally immature, childish
children
hitéí'yoonííbi- vai to have a child, have offspring
nóó3sei- vai to have many children, many offspring
howúhsei- vai to have many children, offspring
hiníísooní- vai to have children
chimney
xouu'eeyóo ni chimney
chin
wotóhko' ni-dep jaw, chin
chipmunk
xoxooyóni' na chipmunk, striped ground squirrel
chips
biihí3ii ni 1) buffalo chips, 2) diaper powder made from dried buffalo chips
chisel
kóni'óhoee ni chisel
choke
ho3hí- vai choke
chokecherry gravy
biiné'eek ni chokecherry gravy
chokecherry
biiné'eek ni chokecherry gravy
biinínec ni chokecherry juice, chokecherry wine
bííno ni chokecherries (pl.), scientific name Padus virginiana (berries)
bíínonoo'óé' ni chokecherry bush, scientific name Padus virginiana (bush)
choose
hééneyéixóhei- vai to choose, select
chop
cih'óh- vti to chop s.t.
chosen
bíí'eenebéíhi- vai to be chosen
Christian God
beehééteiht na Christian God
beehííniisonóónibeihít na Christian God
bééteet na Christian God
Christmas
hoonóú3ootííni- vii to be Christmas
chrysalis
bííseenii3óóteeyoo ni 1) chrysalis , 2) pupa
church
henínouhúúno'óowú' ni Catholic church
béteentóóno'oowú' ni church
cigar
híicóoó na pipe, cigar, cigarette
cigarette
híicóoó na pipe, cigar, cigarette
cinch
hóóxuucihíít ni 1) girth, a band that holds a saddle on a horse, 2) cinch
Circle Dance
ko'einohowoot ni Circle Dance
circle
noo'óeekóóhu- vai 1) to run around a place, 2) to circle around a place
hooyéí'on- vta to circle or corral s.o. (e.g. a horse)
kóó'einóó' ni circle
circles
noo'óee- pv around (a spot), in circles
circular camp
neeyéi3o'óó- vii 1) there is a circular camp, 2) (pl.) (tipis) are set up in a circle for camping
neeyéi3óó' vii there is a circular camp
neyéí3oonóotéé' vii there is a circular camp located there
circular
ko'éí- pv round, circular
ko'einóó- vii to be circular, round
clap
kóe'sóhoe- vai to clap
claw
wo'ox ni-dep fingernail, toenail, claw, hoof
niiskosei- vai to have two nails, claws or hooves
clay
nookóóbe' ni kaolin, white clay for ceremonial painting, white paint
ho'éeét ni 1) paint, 2) clay
clean
hiiyoot- pv 1) pure, 2) clean
hííyoo3ínouhu- vai to be neatly dressed, wearing clean clothing
hííyootéíhi- vai to be clean, neat
hiiyootéénebéíhi- vai to be known to be clean or pure, be thought of as clean or pure
hííyoo3ítii- vai to keep something clean and pure
hííyoo3ih- vta to keep s.o. clean (primarily morally)
cleanly
hííyoo3ííhi' adv 1) cleanly, 2) properly, respectfully
clear the way
nóókoníitén- vti 1) to clear the way for s.t., 2) usher in s.t. (as in a ceremony)
clear
cihkoyóó- vii to be transparent, clear
hó3es- pv clear, clearly
cííhkoowu' ni clear water
wohou'ounoo'oo' vii (the weather) is clearing up
cíhkoowu- vii (water) to be clear, transparent
clearing
toonoxtééni' ni meadow or clearing in a forest
clearly
hó3es- pv clear, clearly
clench
co'ohóe- vai to make a fist
click
koseinóóni- vii to click
cliff
hoxtóóno'óúni- vii there is a bank, steep slope, or cliff there
hoxtóóno' ni bank, cliff
hoxotóóno' ni cliff, precipice
climb down
hoowouuhu- vai to climb down
climb up
nóh'ohóuuhúúton- vta to climb up to s.o.
climb
hóuúhu- vai to climb
nóuuhúúton- vta to climb (an. object) habitually
noxowouúhu- vai to climb close, climb closer
hóuúhuutón- vta to climb s.o.
hóuhúút- vti to climb s.t.
híixóuuhu- vai to climb to the top
teexouuhu- vai to climb up on to something
nóho'óuuhu- vai to climb upwards
cling
nei'íítehéíbi- vai to cling to something tightly, as if stuck to it
clock
hite'íyooní- vai to have a watch or clock
he'íyoó ni clock, knowledge
close by
neeyéinííhi' adv close by
niicó'owuu particle close by
close one's eyes
no'úusí'oo- vai to close one's eyes
close
too3ííhi' adv near, nearby, close to something
bee3ebééxoyoo3ííhi' adv close by and hidden
hóoxobéíhe' particle close by, near
neehéyei- pv close, near
too3- pv close, near
hokóh- vti to close s.t., stopper s.t.
híhcebee close by
neníinííhi' adv close by
bee3ebééx- pv close to, close by
niixóxo'on- vta to be close to s.o.
hiixoxó'- vti to get close to s.t.
neehéyeinííhi' adv close by
closely
nei'- pv closely, tightly
clot
hinót na blood clot
clothes
cíí3ibii- vai to put on a clothes
clothing
héixo'o ni clothing
henínouhu- vai to wear long clothing
woonínouhu- vai to wear new clothing
cloud
hiinoonó'etí- vii 1) to be cloudy, 2) to be stormy
nii'éíhiinó'et ni eagle cloud, thunder cloud
níí'eheinó'etí- vii to be an eagle cloud or thunder cloud
híínoonó'et ni cloud
wo'teeno'úxoo' vii dark clouds are gathering, the sky is getting dark
hiinóonó'oxoo'úú' vii there are clouds in the sky
wó'teenó'ete' vii there is a black cloud
nookó'eti- vii to be a white cumulous cloud
cloudy
hiinoonó'etí- vii 1) to be cloudy, 2) to be stormy
club
3oxóo ni tomahawk, club, war club
nóxowóó3oo ni war club, killing club
ce'éex ni war club, tomahawk
coat
bíísbiixúút ni fur coat
hookoubiixúút ni jacket, coat
coffee
woo'téénoowu' ni coffee
coil
noononóutóósi- vai to be coiled up, e.g. a snake
coin
béí'ci3e' ni 1) metal, iron, steel, 2) coin, money
cold
toyóow- pv cold
toyoowú' vii the water is cold, there is cold water here
toyo3iisiini- vii to be a cold day
nohokoo3oo- vii to be bitterly cold
tóyo3óó- vii to be cold
collarbone
beihooó ni-dep collarbone
collect
hóo'éíhi- vai to collect, gather something
hóo'éín- vti to collect s.t., gather s.t.
colt
bííyo3óú'u na colt
comb
houtíhii ni 1) porcupine tail, 2) comb made from porcupine quills
cih'óte'eihóo ni comb, traditionally made from the tongue of a buffalo
comb
cih'óte'éíhi- vai to comb one's hair
come about
néé'ee3óó' vii that is where something is from, that is how something came about
come here!
cihnéés vai come here! (imperative)
come home
ce'eeckóóhu- vai to come back home
come in
cíítei- vai to enter, come in
come out
bisínoo'óó- vii to come out of a place (e.g. the wind from a cave)
come together
hoo'eiséé- vai to gather, come together, have a meeting
come upon
hítes- vta to come upon s.o., run into s.o., meet s.o. unexpectedly
come
híitísee- vai to come in the direction of the speaker, arrive where the speaker is
néé'eetísee- vai that is where someone is coming from
cé'oowúsee- vai to come back down
hiitíseenóó' vii where s.t. comes from
commence
cési3oo'oo' vii it gets/has gotten started, begun
compare
tecínihii- vai to compare things with s.o. else, compare two things
completative
bee3- pv completative, finish
complete
hono'útoyóó- vii to be complete, all there
kóhkutii- vai 1) to complete a task, 2) to complete a ceremony
bée3tíí- vti to complete s.t., finish s.t.
completely
beisííhi' adv 1) all, entirely, completely, 2) everyone
conative
néyei- pv conative, try
concave
3eeyoúte- vii to be concave
concentrate
ni'koko'ú3ecoo- vai to be able to concentrate, think clearly
concerned
nonóneenów- vta to be concerned about s.o.
nonóneeneet- vti to be concerned about s.t.
condor
co'cóóniinii'éíhii na California condor
cone
sée3íbino' ni berries or cones of pine or juniper trees, scientific names Juniperus communis, Sabina spp., Pinus spp.
cone-shaped
3ouu- pv cone-shaped, pointed
3ouúyoo- vii to be cone-shaped, pointed
3ouuyéíhi- vai to be cone-shaped, pointed
confused
neini'einoohowuu- vai to be dazzled, confused
noní3oxúuhéíhi- vai to have become lost or confused due to harassment
cee'ínonéíhi- vai to be strange, confused, mixed up
confusion
noonsóó' ni 1) chaos, 2) confusion, 3) mess, disorder
nónsoo' vii there is confusion, chaos, disorder
constipated
cóóne3éíh'i- vai to be constipated
consume
hotóóbe- vai to consume something, eat something up, gobble something up
hotóob- vta to consume s.o., gobble s.o. up
contact
béxoh- vta 1) to hit s.o., strike s.o., 2) to touch s.o., make contact with s.o.
container
ce'éíyoó ni 1) container, 2) paper bag
ce'éinóx ni container, can be used for e.g. a bag, box, luggage, purse, satchel, trunk
3éíyoó ni container, cupboard, filing cabinet
continuative
nosóu- pv continue to do something, still, ongoing
continue
nosóu- pv continue to do something, still, ongoing
conversation
ciihóuut- vai to chat
converse
heenetí3etííb- vta to converse with s.o.
cook
hócoo3- vti to fry s.t., cook s.t. in a pan (usually meat)
ko'youhu- vai to cook or boil something for oneself
sii'ihéíton- vta to put something in water (to cook or boil) for s.o.
sii'ihwó'oyei- vai to put something into a pot or kettle to cook or boil
bii3béé- vai to cook, prepare food
bii3woo3- vta cook s.o.
bii3wóót- vti cook s.t.
bii3wóúhu- vai to cook for oneself
hóókuu3- vta to cook for s.o. (non-ceremonially)
bii3wóon- vta to cook for s.o. (usually ceremonially)
hookóúhu- vai to cook something for oneself
bii3wóonéé- vai to have a meal cooked for one
cooked
hiisétee- vii 1) to be cooked, 2) to be ripe
cooked
hiiséteesi- vai 1) to be cooked, 2) to be ripe
cookie
nisíkocoonéhe' ni cookie
cool
toyoobéé- vii to be cool
coot
niibiiséébit na coot, mud duck
copperhead
niibe'e'eitsiisiiyei na copperhead snake
copy
nokó3ton- vta to copy s.o., imitate s.o.
3óók3onóh- vti to copy s.t. (e.g. off a blackboard)
wo3ónkuu3óó ni copy machine, Xerox machine
cork
hokóhoee ni cork, stopper
corn
hóó'etíí ni corn, scientific name Zea mays
béskootéé ni ear of corn
corpse
3iik ni 1) corpse, 2) skeleton
corral
hooyéí'on- vta to circle or corral s.o. (e.g. a horse)
cóoó' ni 1) corral, fence, 2) trap for game animals such as elk
ko'einoxóeyóo ni corral
nii3oxoeyóó ni 1) fence, 2) corrall
correct
bebíisííhi' adv properly, correctly
bebíí3enéíhi- vai to have been corrected, made proper
hi3oobéé- vii 1) to be correct, right, 2) to be true
hí3obeéé- vii to be correct, be saying something true
hí3oobéí- vai to be correct, say something true
bebíístoo- vai to act correctly
correctly
bebíis- pv properly, correctly
cotton
hicíínee ni fleece, wool, cotton
cottonmouth
wo'teensiisiiyei na water moccasin, cottonmouth
cottonwood
hohóót na 1) tree, 2) cottonwood tree, scientific name Populus deltoides
héé3neebés ni cottonwood, scientific name Populus deltoides
hohóótinbíiítino narrowleaf cottonwood, scientific name Populus angustifolia
couch
3i'okuutoo ni furniture one sits on such as a chair, couch, seat
cougar
bexookeesóó na cougar cub, mountain lion cub
bexóókee na 1) cougar, mountain lion, 2) also extended to tiger
cough
cesíceiníbi- vai to cough
cesíceinó'oo- vai to cough
ceséceiní'oo- vai to cough
cesíceibínoo'óó- vai to start coughing
could
héíh- pv potential, could have, would have
could
héí- pv potential, could happen, could occur
count coup
tóunínoo3- vta to capture, defeat, or count coup on an enemy
tóunínee- vai 1) to count coup on an enemy, 2) to capture an enemy, 3) to defeat or kill an enemy
count
neyei3éí- vai 1) to count, 2) to read, 3) to study, go to school, be a student
neyéitíí- vti to read s.t., count s.t.
neyeih- vta to count s.o.
coup
tóunínee- vai 1) to count coup on an enemy, 2) to capture an enemy, 3) to defeat or kill an enemy
cover one's head
níí'eikúu3- vta to cover s.o.'s head
cover
niisén- vti 1) to wrap s.t., 2) to cover s.t. up
hokohóe ni 1) cover, 2) lid, 3) plug
hééce'éíci3- vta to cover s.o.'s head
kotoyóh- vti to cover s.t.
cow
biis na buffalo cow
nónooni na young buffalo cow, approximately 2-3 years old
níí3ouyóó na milker, milk cow
betebihóókec na old cow
wóókec na 1) cow, 2) (pl.) cattle, livestock
cowboy
touhóo na cowboy
coyote
koo'óh na coyote
koo'óhwuusóó na coyote puppy
crab
níískoséíhii na crab, lobster
crack
koxúnoo'oo- vii to be cracked or broken suddenly
cracked
koh'únoo'oo- vii to be cracked, split open
kóh'otí- vii to be cracked
kohe'éíhi- vai to be cracked
koho'éé' vii to be cracked, esp. cracked in half
cracker
3óuxósi' ni cracker
cradleboard
héctoonohúút ni cradleboard
cramp
hiicíto'óó- vai to have cramps
crane
hité3oo na crane, especially a sandhill crane, heron, egret
hité3oo na crane, heron
hité3ounec na water drunk when breaking a fast during the Sun dance, according to Kroeber's "The Arapaho"
cranky
ciiní'einéétii- vai to be cranky
crawl
hoocéísee- vai to crawl or slither, e.g. a snake
yíh3okúsee- vai to crawl over to a distant place
crayfish
niice'nowo' na crayfish
Crazy Lodge
nookohóókee na a dancer of higher degree in the hohookoowu' dance
hohóokóowú' ni Crazy Lodge age-grade society
crazy
hohéis na 1) crazy person, foolish person, 2) senile person
hoheisííni- vai 1) to be foolish, be crazy, 2) to be senile
hohóókee na crazy person, foolish person
hohookééni- vai to be or act foolish, crazy, to disobey social norms and mores
neséíhiinóó- vii to be wild (in a pejorative sense), crazy
crazyweed
síísííyeibii3híít ni ?locoweed, ?crazyweed, scientific name Oxytrophis spp.
cricket
biihóúút na cricket
crier
nooxuneihii na announcer, crier
criss-cross
cebtóxotii- vai to lay things across one another, criss-cross
crocodile
hiincebíít na 1) water monster, 2) alligator, crocodile
crooked
céibííhi' adv 1) turned aside, to the side, 2) in a twisted manner, in a crooked manner
cross
nookóóx na 1) cross, 2) morning star
teesokéeekóni' vii cross a river on top (of ice) as a group
hooxuu- vai to cross something
Crow Dance
houunohowoot ni Crow Dance
crow
hóuu na 1) crow, 2) raven, 3) God, Man-Above
crowbar
bíínohooó ni 1) digging stick, 2) crowbar
crown
3oo3oonei3e'ee ni the middle or crown of one's head
cruel
nó'o3óó- vii to be cruel, tough, very difficult to endure
crumble
3o'únoo'óó- vii to be crumbling
3o'únoo'óó- vai to be crumbling
crush
3ó'owú'uwonee- vai to grind or crush berries
3o'én- vti to crush s.t., grind s.t., mash s.t.
séyóúnob- vti to crush s.t. by hand, mash s.t., squeeze s.t.
3ó'o'óótiinoon- vta to crush or smash a part of s.o.'s body
séyoun- vta to crush s.o. by hand, squash s.o., squeeze s.o.
3o'én- vta to crush s.o.
séyou'ow- vti to crush s.t. by foot
cry
biiwóóhu- vai to cry, weep
hiini- vai (a dog, wolf, coyote) to cry, whimper, howl
bíxoyeinóóni- vii there are crying sounds
cub
woxuusóó na bear cub
bexookeesóó na cougar cub, mountain lion cub
cup
niisiickuuhu' ni collapsible cup made from the paunch of a buffalo
tóuyoo ni cup
cupboard
3éíyoó ni container, cupboard, filing cabinet
cured
híínentééni- vai 1) to be well, cured from an ilness, 2) to be saved
curious
bééte'ín- vai to be curious, want to know
curly
bebee'éí- vai to have curly hair
curlycup gumweed
kóúhuyé'einóú'u ni (pl.) curlycup gumweed, scientific name Grindelia squarrosa
currant
ne'íbiis ni golden currant bush, scientific name Ribes aureum (bush) and possibly other Ribes spp.
ne'íbinó' ni (pl.) golden currant berries, scientific name Ribes aureum (berry) and possibly other Ribes spp.
curse
kóotéébinoo3- vta to curse s.o., swear at s.o.
curved
nóhousoo- vii to be curved
custom
heenéistóót ni ways, customs, habits, lifestyle
cut off
koho'eikuu3- vta to cut off s.o's head
cut open
ko'óe3ikuu3- vta to cut s.o. open
ko'óe3einee- vai to have been cut open, be lying cut open
cut
koxhóotéé- vii to be split off or cut away from
tebe'éís- vta to cut s.o.'s head off
tebe'éís- vti to cut someone's head off
tóne'eih- vta to cut or knock a hole in s.o.'s head
tébes- vta to cut s.o. off, saw s.o. off
wotío'óxoo' vii it has been cut off, trimmed away
?noko3esiit ni cutting of the hair on one side
towonoxowoot ni cutting of the hair over the forehead
koxóx- vti to cut s.t. off, procure by cutting
tebéx- vti to cut s.t. off, saw s.t.
ko'óx- vti to cut s.t. with a knife or scissors
cute
noníí exclamation how cute!

D

damn
hókoun- vii to be dammed
damp
hítoyóó- vii to be damp, moist
híteyéíhi- vai to be damp
hitoo'oo- vii to be damp
dance
nóókohwóót ni rabbit dance
kóutohséinohwóót ni round dance
hoséíhiinohwóót ni 1) Sun Dance Lodge, 2) dance performed during Sun Dance
hooxéíhiinéniinohwóót ni Wolf Dance, Pawnee Dance
betéeeh- vta 1) to make s.o. dance, 2) to have a dance for s.o.
betóootnóó- vii (a dance) to occur
betóoot ni dance
cé3ohwóó- vai to begin dancing
betéee- vai to dance
betóooh- vta to make s.o. dance
dancer
betéíhii na dancer
dangerous
noxóónoo- vii 1) to be near the edge, pushing the margins, 2) to be dangerous
néstoonootéíhi- vai to be dangerous
néstoonoo3óó- vii to be dangerous
néstoonóó- vii to be dangerous
nóxoownóó- vii to be dangerous
néstoonoo3óó- vii to be very dangerous
dare
honóoyóó don't you dare!
dark
wo'teen- pv 1) black, 2) dark
bíh'iyóó- vii to be dark
bíh'iyóóni- vii to be dark
bih'inóotéé- vii to be dark in camp
bih'inóú'oo- vii to get dark
daughter in law
néeséb na-dep daughter in law (1 poss.)
daughter
notóóne na-dep daughter (1 poss)
hitoone- vai to have a daughter
dawn
seyéinoh'óóke- vii to be just before dawn, before it gets light
noho'óó- vii to dawn, be dawn
day
hesteísi' ni a hot day
híísiinííhi' adv 1) during the day, 2) in a day's time, 3) as if it were daytime
híísiini- vii to be day, daytime
híísi' ni day
heeyowúúsi' adv every day
yéiníiis ni four days
cisíiisí' vii something takes a certain number of days, is done for a certain number of days
niisíiis ni two days
daylight
nóóke- vii to be daylight, morning
nookéni- vii to be daylight, morning
daytime
híísiinííhi' adv 1) during the day, 2) in a day's time, 3) as if it were daytime
híísiini- vii to be day, daytime
noh'óóke- vii to be light outside, be daytime
dazzled
neini'einoohowuu- vai to be dazzled, confused
deaf
heeneyeicitéé- vai to be deaf and mute
decay
3o'oxousi- vii to be decaying (e.g. a tree)
woxúse- vii to be bad, decaying (e.g. flesh) rancid, rotten, spoiled
hoxúse- vii to be decaying (e.g. meat), rotten
deceitful
néhtonítoo- vai to act in a tricky or deceitful manner, do something tricky or deceitful
néhtonéíhi- vai to be tricky, deceitful
deceive
néhtoníh- vta to deceive s.o., cheat s.o.
December
honou3éíniisíís ni December
3óó3ooncécniisíís ni December
decrease
nííwo'óó- vii to decrease
nííwo'óó- vai to decrease
deep
ceyoxesnóó- vii the mud is deep
tébi- vii 1) to be deep (e.g. water, snow), 2) to be full
tebiiínoo' vii [snow] is deep
tebiiíneeci' vii (snow) is deep
deer
hé3owoonéíhii na white-tailed deer
bih'ío ni deer hide
bíh'ih na deer, mule deer
defeat
tóunínoo3- vta to capture, defeat, or count coup on an enemy
hiixóówo'on- vta 1) to make s.o. move away, drive s.o. off, 2) to defeat s.o.
hóó3onih- vta to resist s.o., defeat s.o.
tóunínee- vai 1) to count coup on an enemy, 2) to capture an enemy, 3) to defeat or kill an enemy
bíí'owoo3- vta to defeat s.o., especially in battle
delicate
ciinówouhú- vai 1) to be delicate, 2) to be touchy
ciinówóuhuunóó- vii to be delicate
ciinówóuhuunóó- vii to be delicate
deliver
no'úxoh- vta to deliver s.o.
no'úxotíí- vti to deliver s.t.
delouse
hi3ooxuh- vta to delouse s.o., pick lice from s.o.'s hair
demand
nihi'nééton- vta 1) to demand s.t. of s.o., 2) to force s.o. to do something, insist that s.o. do something
demolish
3óú'uuníítii- vti to demolish s.t.
den
cese'eihiinokoy ni den
denim
bee3o'óoó' ni canvas, denim or other stiff, densely woven cloth
Denver
niinéniiniicíihéhe' placename 1) Unknown place in central Wyoming , 2) Denver and the South Platte River in Colorado
depart
ce3éí'oo- vai to set out, set off, depart
depend on
nó'o3éé'eenebéíhi- vai to be depended on greatly
dependable
hííxonoh'oehííni- vai 1) to be mature, grown up, 2) to be reliable, dependable
ho3í'eenebéíhi- vai to be thought of as a person who can be asked to do something, be thought of as dependable
depict
wo3onísi- vii to be depicted representationally (e.g. engraved, carved, incised, drawn)
descend
yih3oonínoo'oo- vai to descend quickly towards down there
deteriorating
hetebínouhuunóó- vii 1) to be in poor condition , 2) to be deteriorating
devil
hóócoo na devil, Satan
woséii na devil
Devil's Tower
wox niiinon placename Devil's Tower, a national monument in Wyoming
devour
hóótowkuu3- vta to devour s.o.
hótoowkuu3- vta 1) to swallow s.o., 2) to devour s.o. (anim. obj.)
hótoowkuutíí- vai 1) to swallow something, 2) to devour something
dew
híítoyóó' ni 1) moisture, 2) dew
diaper powder
biihí3ii ni 1) buffalo chips, 2) diaper powder made from dried buffalo chips
diaper
tóu'cihíít ni diaper
diarrhea
hesotóot ni diarrhea
3í'iinoo'ó- vai to have diarrhea
hesótee- vai to have diarrhea
dice
to'se3oo ni die (as in dice)
die
to'se3oo ni die (as in dice)
cetó'oo- vai to be dying, about to die
yoohoot- vai to die
necénoo'oo- vai to die suddenly, be struck dead
different
kóxuunííhi' adv 1) something else, a different one, 2) somewhere else
kóxuu- pv another, alternative, different
cei'ísoo' vii 1) to be separate, set apart, 2) to be different
cé'eséíhi- vai 1) to be different, 2) to be diverse, of various types
cé'esííhi' adv 1) different, 2) diverse, various
cé'eis- pv different, various
cése'éíhi- vai to be different
cé'esóóni- vii to be different
difficult
hónouuneenóó- vii to be difficult
houneenóó- vii to be difficult
hóuuneenóó- vii to be difficult
difficulty
nó'oxúuhetí- vai to get oneself to a place by hard work, with difficulty
dig up
biscitíí- vai 1) to dig up, uncover, 2) to recover or revive something
dig
tonooxóhei- vai to dig a hole
nóoxcítii- vai to dig a hole with hands or feet
tóno'wúúhee- vai to dig a hole in the ground
nooxóhei- vai to dig, especially a hole
kóxoh- vta to dig for s.o.
koxóhei- vai to dig for something, esp. roots
nooxóh- vti to dig s.t. (e.g. a hole)
digging stick
bíínohooó ni 1) digging stick, 2) crowbar
dip
nookóhowoo- vai to dip something up for oneself
dipper
seskóuutówuu'éíhii na dipper (bird)
seskouutíínii'éíhii na dipper (bird)
direct
xóuuw- pv 1) straight, straightly, 2) direct, directly
direction
3ebííhi' adv in that direction
directional
neh- pv directional, away from the speaker and towards addressee, from here to there
cih- pv directional, towards speaker
directly
beeyóó particle 1) perfect, just right, right on!, 2) directly
dirt
ho' ni dirt
dirty
wotóxoobéíhi- vai 1) to be dirty, filthy, 2) to be unkempt
nóótoxéíhi- vai to be filthy
wotóxoobee- vii to be filthy
hoxesííni- vai to be muddy, dirty
wóówoséí- vai to use filthy language, to talk dirty
ho'úúni- vai to be dirty, be dusty
sóo3óó- vii to be dirty
sóotéíhi- vai to be dirty, messy
disappear
hinowúsee- vai to walk out of sight below a surface, disappear into the ground, dive into water
hííyoohóú' vii 1) to be nothing, for there to be none of something, 2) to disappear, vanish
híyoohootínoo'oo- vai to disappear suddenly, be absent, vanish
hinowkóóhu- vai to disappear from view below ground or water
discharge
bíísii'oot ni 1) leak, 2) discharge
discover
híico'óóton- vta to find s.o., discover s.o. in hiding
bii'íítii- vai to find something, discover something
bíí'eenéét- vti to discover s.t. abstract such as knowledge or information
discuss
kokoh'óuutíín- vai to discuss
disease
hesówobeihíít ni illness, sickness, disease
dish towel
hehíyoó ni something you wipe with, e.g. a towel, rag, tissue
disk
3o'óóbe'éiyoó ni disk (farming implement)
dismount
hoowúhcehí- vai to jump off, get down or go down quickly, dismount
disorder
nónsoo' vii there is confusion, chaos, disorder
disseminated
nih'éiseenóó- vii to be spread, disseminated
dissuade
totoub- vta 1) to dissuade s.o., to talk s.o. out of something, 2) to rebuke s.o., scold s.o., correct s.o.
distribute
cee'én- vti to distribute s.t., pass s.t. out
cee'ín- vti to distribute s.t., hand s.t. out
ditch
koho'ówu' ni 1) gully, ditch, ravine, gulch, 2) small stream
koho'wúúni' vii there is a gully, ditch or small stream there
kóh'owúúni' vii there is a gully, ditch, small stream there
dive
sii'eihcénoo'óó- vai to jump into water, dive in to water
diverse
cé'eséíhi- vai 1) to be different, 2) to be diverse, of various types
divide
koh'én- vti to divide s.t., split s.t.
divided
níh'einowóótiini' vii something has been split up, something has been divided up among people, scattered among people
divorce
kóuten- vta 1) to divorce s.o., 2) to get rid of s.o.
dizzy
néíni'éí- vai to be dizzy
do
ni'ítoo- vai 1) to do something well, 2) to be able to do something
níístii- vai 1) to do something (independent clause), 2) to make something
níístoo- vai 1) to do something (independent clause), 2) what someone is doing (relative clause)
tóó- vai to do
hístoo- vai to do
nee'eestoo- vai to do something like that, do thusly
heestoo- vai what someone does, how someone does something (relative)
doctor
notónihéíhii na medicine man, doctor, physician
notónih- vta to doctor s.o.
doctoring
nótonohein- pv medicine, doctoring
Dog Lodge
hé3owoowú' ni Dog Lodge age-grade society
dog
hoteiné3 na sheepdog
he3 na dog
dogwood
3ííkoníbino' ni 1) (pl.) snowberries, scientific name Symphoricarpos spp. (berries), 2) (pl.) dogwood berries, Swida sericea (berries)
nóhko3on ni bark of the dogwood, scientific name Swida sericea (bark)
bo'óóceibiis ni dogwood, scientific name Swida sericea
doll
béí'iisóó ni doll
neeníítoo na old-fashioned Indian doll made of buckskin
dollar
heebe3bei'ci3e' ni a dollar
domesticate
hinénto'ohúú3ton- vta to make an animal used to the presence of people, domesticate an animal
done
híístii- vai to be done, be finished doing something
donkey
bih'ihiihoox na 1) mule, donkey, 2) horned toad, horned lizard
don't
ceebéh- pv prohibitive, "don't!"
door
tecénoo na, ni door, gate
doorway
tecenóóne' ni doorway, area around the door
dough
nii3óxesnóuyóó ni dough
dove
bííteih'íí na 1) pigeon, 2) dove
down in the brush
noowúukóó- vii to be down in the brush
down there
3ebóowúúhu' adv down there
down
nókowúúhu' particle down here, at the bottom
3oonííhi' adv 1) below, less, in the middle, 2) at the summit (as of someone's head, or the course of the sun)
ceenííhi' adv down, under
noowúúhu' adv 1) down, downward , 2) South, used especially to refer to Oklahoma by Northern Arapahos
noow- pv down
cenííhi' adv down, downwards
hoowúúhu' adv down, downwards
downriver
hoowúnii'ou'oo- vai float downriver
hoowúniihííhi' adv downriver, downstream, down along a river
drag
cíitóo'ohú' vii it has been dragged inside a place
hitoo3íb- vta to drag s.o.
hitoo3íítii- vai to drag something
dragonfly
cíí'owoyéíhii na dragonfly
draw
wo3onóh- vti to draw s.t., write s.t.
wo3onóhei- vai to draw, write
wo3ónoh- vta to draw s.o.
dream
kónee- vai to dream
woxkónee- vai to have a bad dream
dress
híseinbiixúút ni dress, skirt
biixúút ni 1) shirt, blouse, 2) dress
cehcínouhu- vai to dress differently (from other people)
cíítehéé3ei- vai to get dressed
hiseinbiixuut ni woman's dress
drill
toncítii- vai to drill a hole
drink
benéét ni drink
béne- vai to drink
benii3ít- vti to drink s.t.
nííhonokóóyei- vai to go for a long time without drinking
drip
cénii'oo- vii 1) to drip, 2) to leak
wóhnii'oo- vii to be dripping (in several places)
drive
hiixóówo'on- vta 1) to make s.o. move away, drive s.o. off, 2) to defeat s.o.
nóó'eiyéí- vai to drive (a car)
drizzle
hooyeinoosoo- vii (rain) to be drizzling
ní'oonóóyeinoosóó- vii to be drizzling
drop
censénee' vii it has fallen down, dropped down
censénini- vii it has fallen down, dropped down
césin- vta to drop s.o.
cesín- vti to drop s.t.
drown
neetebi- vai 1) to get tired of swimming, 2) to drown
drowsy
nowóne- vai to be drowsy, sleepy
drum
hóho'yóóxuunó'eiihi' na peyote drum
woteiho'yeinoo ni beating drum
hó'éií na drum
biitoheinó'éií na drum for the Spear Dance
héébetó'eii na large drum, as is used at a Pow Wow
wóteihó'yei- vai to drum
drumstick
wóteihó'oyóó ni drumstick
drunk
nonsíh'ebí- vai to be drunk
dry
hííxoo'éé- vii to be dry
hííxoo'óóni- vii to be dry
hííxoo'óó- vai to be dry, dry up
dubitative
he'íí- pv dubitatave, it is doubful that
he'- pv dubitative, narrative past tense
duck
síísiikó' na duck
síísiic na duck
céneníhcehí- vai to duck
dull
hoowtoxu'óó- vii 1) to be blunt , 2) to be dull
dung
biihí3 ni manure, dung, animal excrement
dust
koo'óúúte- vii to be dusty
dusty
ho'úúni- vai to be dirty, be dusty
koo'óúú3oo- vii to be dusty
dwarf child
hecesiiteihíísoo na dwarf child
dwarf
hecesiitéíhii na dwarf, little person
dwelling
hi'íyeih'i- vai to have a dwelling place, have a home

E

each
hééyow- pv 1) every, 2) each
hééyowúúhu' adv 1) every, 2) each
hité3eicííhi' adv each one
eager
sesííhi- vai to be eager
eagle cloud
níí'eheinó'etí- vii to be an eagle cloud or thunder cloud
nii'éíhiinó'et ni eagle cloud, thunder cloud
eagle
nii'éíhii na 1) bird, 2) eagle
nii'ehííni- vai to be a bird, be an eagle
nooke'éibeh'éí na bald eagle
héétese'éit na bald eagle
biihtése'éít na bald eagle
nii'ehííhi' adv having to do with eagles or birds
heebé3ii'éíhii na 1) big eagle, big bird, 2) golden eagle
hiinookó3onit na golden eagle
wo'téénii'éíhii na 1) a term used for several kinds of black or dark birds, including a black eagle (a young bald eagle), winter bird, dark-eyed junco, grackle, 2) a female personal name
eagle-like
níí'ehiinííhi' adv in a bird-like or eagle-like manner
ear
wonotóno' ni-dep 1) ear, 2) tepee flap
béebeesétee- vai to have big ears
early
tesnohkúseic particle very early in the morning
earnest
kokónoo'obéíhi- vai to be earnest
earring
céítoo ni earring
earth
bííto'ówu' ni 1) earth, ground, land, 2) sometimes extended to mean 'floor'
hee3ei'oo' ni the Earth
east
cénohó' ni east
níítbisíseet na the east
eat
hotóóbe- vai to consume something, eat something up, gobble something up
hóótowkuu3- vta to devour s.o.
besoonobéé- vai to eat raw meat
bííbinee- vai to eat berries (usually straight from the bush)
bii3íhi- vai to eat
biin- vta to eat s.o.
bii3- vti to eat s.t.
bíí3i- vai to eat something specific
nonibíí3i- vai to eat something wrongly, eat something forbidden
eclipse
hiinousee- vai (the sun or moon) to eclipse
hiinóusee- vii to be an eclipse
edible
bíí3ib ni food, something edible
biinéíhiinóó- vii to be edible, generally eaten
effort
neyéi3ííhi' adv by trying, with effort
níh'oowóóhu- vai to do something which requires a great deal of effort
egg
noon ni egg
egret
kookóósoonéíhii na 1) heron, egret, 2) also perhaps curlew, slough bird, rail or other birds with long, thin legs
wo'óúhuu na heron, egret
hité3oo na crane, especially a sandhill crane, heron, egret
eight hundred
néésootox béteetósoo' pc eight hundred
eight
néésootox num eight
néésootoxénení'i vii (pl.) to be eight in number
eighteen
néésootóxuuni' pc eighteen
eighty
néésootósoo' pc eighty
elated
ni'ouubéíhi- vai to be elated, high, intoxicated
elbow
bétison ni-dep elbow
elder
béésnenítee na elder, old person
elderberries
kokúyono ni elderberries, scientific name Sambucus coerulea, possibly Sambucus microbotrys
elephant
honookowuubeet na elephant
elevated
hóuu3íne- vai 1) to be hanging or hung in a place, 2) to be in an elevated position
Elk Mountain
Wó'teenótoyóó' placename Elk Mountain, WY
elk
hiwóxuu na elk
hóóxeehíwox na male elk, elk bull
else
kóxuunííhi' adv 1) something else, a different one, 2) somewhere else
embarass
teyéíh- vta to embarass s.o.
embrace
he'ííten- vta to embrace s.o., hug s.o.
hónowounóúhu- vai to embrace one another
hónowoo3- vta to embrace s.o.
emphatic
heh- pv emphatic
empty
niicisóó- vii to be empty, hollow
niiciseih- vii to be empty, hollow
encircle
noo'óeenííkohéí- vai to ride around s.t., encircle s.t.
enclose
nii3oxóen- vta to enclose s.o. in a fenced area
end
nee'éi'ísi- vii that is how it ends
enemy
coox na enemy
enjoy
hówoo3ítoo- vai to enjoy
enough
nee'éétox particle enough
nehínee particle that's enough!
néé'eetoxtóowóóhu- vai to do something enough, do something enough times
néé'eetoxtóowóoti- vai to do something enough, do something enough times
enter
hoo'éícii3íhcehí- vai to run in to a place as a group, to enter rapidly as a group
enter
cíi3íhcehí- vai to enter rapidly, to run in to a structure
cíítei- vai to enter, come in
cíítei'on- vta to enter into s.o.'s presence
entirely
behííhi' adv all, entirely, as a whole
entrails
3oox ni entrails, guts, intestines, bowels
envy
noxóxh- vta to envy s.o.
noxoxeihi- vai to be envious
equipment
ciiyoonó ni 1) (pl.) equipment, kit, gear, 2) belongings
erect
xoubeekúú- vai 1) to be erect, 2) stand straight, upright
xoubeekúú- vii to be erect, stand upright
error
nóntoot ni error, mistake
escape
koyíh'ohú- vai 1) to fly away, 2) to escape by flying
césiikúhnee- vai to get away, escape
establish a rule
hooxúwutíí- vai to establish rules about something
et cetera
heenéí'isííhi' adv 1) various kinds, 2) and so forth, and similarly, et cetera, 3) ones like that
Ethete
koonóutoséií' ni Ethete (placename)
even
howóó particle also, even
cectoyoo- vii 1) to be even, 2) to be level
tótoos proclitic even, even if, not even
evening
hi3óú'uunííhi' adv evening
hi3óú'oo- vii to be evening
hi3ou'uuni- vii to be evening
hi3óú'oo- vii to be evening
every
hééyow- pv 1) every, 2) each
hééyowúúhu' adv 1) every, 2) each
everyone
beisííhi' adv 1) all, entirely, completely, 2) everyone
boh- pv all, everyone
everything
kónohúúhu' adv 1) all, everything, 2) most, majority
heeyóúhuu ni 1) thing, 2) stuff, 3) something, anything
behííhi ni everything
bíseenéíhi' adv everything
evidential
wot- proclitic evidential, indicating non-verifiability, 'I guess it is so,' 'they say it is so'
evil
ciiwóhoonéíhi- vai to be evil
examine
kóóko'óúhu- vai to examine s.o.
kokóúh'utíí- vai to examine something carefully
excessively
hoowúh- pv too much, too many, excessively
exchange
hooxóebíínetí- vai to trade, exchange things
hóóxohóenííhi' adv in return, in response, in exchange
hóóxee- pv in exchange, in response, in return
hotóonóó3etí- vai 1) to exchange things among one another, 2) to support one another
hóóxoentéesísee- vai to exchange a horse
hooxóeen- vti to exchange s.t.
exclamation
'osteihoo exclamation exclamation made when something bad happens, when something is not right, "I could have done better!"
excrement
biihí3 ni manure, dung, animal excrement
bee ni excrement, feces
exhause
nóó'oenííhiineetó'osíbetí- vai to exhaust oneself by running around a place
expect
no'óeneb- vta to expect s.o.
expensive
nóótoúh'u- vii to be expensive
extend
cowóotéé- vii to be laid out, extend along a certain direction, lead in a certain way
extra
ceníí'iisíse' ni leftover, something extra
extremely
hóuunée- pv really, extremely, the most
eye
besíiíse' ni-dep eye
eyeglasses
bei'ci3ééyookuu ni eyeglasses, glasses
eyesight
nesookú- vai to see well, have good eyesight

F

face
héési'éí'oo- vai 1) to make faces, 2) to frown
wówe'éí- vai 1) to have a wrinkled face, 2) to have a face that is out of shape
nóókooto'n- vta to be facing s.o., opposite s.o.
betóóxebíó' ni-dep face
néénéiitó'- vta to face s.o.
yii3é'eekuunóón- vta to face s.o.
toowú'ei- vai to have a broad, flat face
3owe'ei- vai to have a broken face, a face that is misshapen from a fight or injury
fade
nookétee- vii to be faded
fairly
cííno'on- pv fairly, rather, intensifier
fake
ceyótow- pv false, fake
falcon
hééyei na hawk, falcon, swifthawk
fall asleep
nokohúúnoo'oo- vai to fall asleep
fall on
teesíko'ós- vai to fall on top of something and hit it
fall
céénkoo' ni 1) fall, autumn, 2) October
tóóyouni- vii to be fall, autumn
censénee' vii it has fallen down, dropped down
censénini- vii it has fallen down, dropped down
censíne- vai 1) to fall down, 2) to be born
ceníse' vii it has fallen down, fallen out
cenís- vai to fall
ce'síne- vai to fall back down
false
ceyótow- pv false, fake
ceyótobee- vii to be false
familiar
néhtiihí- vii to be known, recognized, familiar
famine
hésnóót ni 1) hunger, 2) famine
hesnóótiini' vii there is hunger, there is famine
heesnootííni' ni famine
fancy
hoosóó- vii to be fancy
hoosóó- vii to be fancy
far away
beebei'ón particle far away, way over there
ciixóotéé- vii 1) to be far away, 2) to be long ago, from long ago
ciisííhi' adv far away
nó'oo' particle far away from the camp circle
ciixóku- vai to be far away
ciixootéé- vii to be far away
far
ciis- pv 1) far in distance, 2) long in time
beexéhceníín- pv a little farther away from the speaker
héí'ii'ííhi' adv as far as, up to a particular point
ciinó'onícisííhi' adv fairly far
céniisííni particle far
cíisíniihííhi' adv far along (e.g. a path, stream)
ciiskóx3ííhi' adv far on the other side of a hill or mountain, far over the top of a hill or mountain
ciixó'obéé- vii places are far apart, it is far from place to place
céniixóotéé- vii to be far
farm
ciinóuu- vai to farm
farmer
ciinóúhuu na farmer
fart
cééti- vai to fart, break wind, pass gas
farther
wo'wúúhu' adv farther along
fast
betéésibí- vai to go on a vision quest and fast
nih'inéésee- vai to walk fast
nokóóyeiníiitowóót- vti to ask for s.t. through the process of fasting
hésiinootéíhi- vai 1) to be fast, have fast reflexes, 2) to be reckless
nokóóyei- vai 1) to fast ritually, 2) to be thirsty
neehéíso'óó- vai to be equally fast
héso'óó- vai to be fast (especially in running)
fasten
noto'óh- vti to fasten s.t.
fasting
nokooyóót ni fasting
fat
woxniinen ni bear fat
níinén ni fat, lard, tallow
kooxceiít na a fat person or animal
kooxcééyoti' ni fat
kooxcéií- vai to be fat
koxceií- vai to be fat
father in law
nesí3ee na-dep my father in law
father
neisónoo na-dep my father, my uncle
favor
hííxonih- vta 1) to be useful to s.o., 2) to do s.o. a favor
ho3í'eeb- vta to ask s.o. a favor, ask s.o. to do something
ho3í'eebee- vai to be asked a favor, be asked to do something
niiyeih- vta to do s.o. a favor
fear
híis- vta to be afraid of s.o., fear s.o.
tiit- vti to be afraid of s.t., fear s.t.
feather
hiisíítookoxúúnee vai to earn a feather, as a symbol of a brave deed
bíií na feather, plume
nííxookúúnee- vai to be wearing one feather, have one feather on one's head
níítootoxúúnee- vai to be wearing six feathers, have six feathers on one's head
níísookúúnee- vai to be wearing two feathers, have two feathers on one's head
hítookooxúúnee- vai to earn a feather (through a brave deed)
nóóko3óni' ni white tail feather of an eagle
February
heneene3ebeihit na February
feces
bee ni excrement, feces
fed up
cíísibih-- vta to make someone frustrated or fed up
feeble
hetebínouhúúni- vai 1) to be pitiful, 2) to be feeble, 3) to be poor
hoowtei'éíhi- vai-NEG to be feeble
feed
hoxób- vta to feed s.o.
bíí3ihiin- vta to give s.o. food, provide s.o. with food, feed s.o.
feel bad
woxóuubéíhi- vai to feel bad
feel right
ni'óxon- vta to make s.o. feel right, cause s.o. to feel right
feel
notii3ín- vta to grope around for s.o., to feel around for s.o.
notii3ín- vti to grope around for s.t., to feel around for s.t.
biisíh- vta to feel s.o.
biistii- vti to feel s.t.
biisí3- vti to feel s.t.
female
hóxehísei na female animale
fence
coowooceiise' ni 1) wire, 2) fence made from wire
cóoó' ni 1) corral, fence, 2) trap for game animals such as elk
3í'ookuu3óó ni fence post
nii3oxoeyéí- vai to build a fence, repair a fence
nii3oxoeyóó ni 1) fence, 2) corrall
nookoxóeén- vti to fence off an area with willows
ferret
coo3oniiseihon na black-footed ferret
fetch water
nookohéí'i- vai to fetch water, get water
fetch
no3- vta to fetch s.o., seize or grab s.o.
fever
hesxóúh'u- vai to have a fever, to be feverish, to be hot
hesxúhu'í- vai to have a fever
few
beenihéhe' particle a little bit, few
field sagewort
ciwoniinóókhoosé' field sagewort, wormwood, scientific name Artemisia campestris
field
hee3éí'oxóeení' ni field
fifteen
yoo3óniiní- vai fifteen (an.)
yoo3óniini' vii fifteen (inan.)
fifth
yóó3oní'owoo- vai 1) to do something five times, 2) to be the fifth one
yoo3oyó'owoo- vii to be fifth
yoo3oyó'owoo- vai to be fifth
fifty
yóó3oyoo' vii fifty
fight
bóó3etíít ni fighting, war, battle
bóó3etí- vii there is a fight, there is a battle
bóó3etí- vai to fight with one another, do battle
bóó'ei- vai to fight
figure out
téceenéét- vti to guess s.t., try to figure s.t. out, calculate s.t. in one's mind
filing cabinet
3éíyoó ni container, cupboard, filing cabinet
fill
notóóbe'éítii- vai to fill a hole
hiixóóko- vta to fill a pipe
hííxoxónoh- vta to fill s.o.
hííxoxónotíí- vti to fill s.t.
film
ce'ískuu3óó ni 1) film, movie, 2) equipment that displays a film or movie such as a projector or television
filthy
wotóxoobéíhi- vai 1) t