English-Arapaho dictionary

DRAFT -- last updated June 1, 2006

Click here to download the printable (pdf) version (87 pages, 440K).

Contact Lisa Conathan -- conathan(at)berkeley(dot)edu -- with additions, comments or corrections.

List of contributing speakers

Acknowledgements and sources

List of abbreviations

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

A

a lot: nó'ot- pv much, a lot; howoh- pv many, much, a lot; howúhnéniinóó' vii 1) there is a lot , 2) there is too much; bee3- pv a lot
a: céése' na a, one, another
abandon: noo3- vta 1) to leave s.o. behind, 2) to abandon s.o.
abdomen: wonót ni-dep abdomen, belly
able: ni'- pv potential, able to; ni'ítoo- vai 1) to do something well, 2) to be able to do something
about: hi'ííhi' particle 1) instrumental, with, 2) about, concerning; hi'- pv instrumental, with, by means of, about; bebenéh particle about, approximately, roughly
above: hihcébe' particle 1) above, up, 2) in heaven
acceptable: ni'óó- vii to be good, nice, acceptable, ok
accident: cée3- pv by accident; céé3too- vai to do something by accident; cée3xóhetí- vai to get oneself to a place by accident, get oneself into a bad situation
accompany: nii3neniib- vta 1) to be with s.o, accompany s.o., be with s.o., 2) to support s.o., stand by s.o.; nii3óón- vta to go with s.o., to accompany s.o.; néí'iníí3oon- vta to accompany s.o. closely on a trip or errand
accomplish a goal: kóhkutoo- vai to accomplish one's goal
accomplish: ceestówoo- vai 1) to succeed, 2) to accomplish something
accord: niihen- pv by oneself, of one's own accord
accustomed to: nóo3ííton- vta to be or get accustomed to s.o.; nóo3ínoo'oo- vai to have gotten used to something or someone
ache: hesowowutii- vai to ache, hurt; no'oxóéhi- vai to ache, be sore; sesiini'oo- vai to ache
acquire: biisíínowóó3it- vti acquire a skill or ceremony by watching others carefully
across the river: hóóxonó'oo particle across the river, on the other side of the river
across: cebtóxotii- vai to lay things across one another, criss-cross; tokóóxuunííhi' adv across, on the other side
adolescent: honóh'oe na (male) adolescent, teenager, youth, young man
adorn: teexóó3ei'i- vai to have things upon oneself (e.g. a soldier adorned with medals)
advise: hiiseineeb- vta to advise s.o., tell s.o. to do something
afraid: híis- vta to be afraid of s.o., fear s.o.; tiit- vti to be afraid of s.t., fear s.t.; híít- vti to be afraid of s.t., scared of s.t.; héí3ecoo- vai to be afraid
African American: wo'oteenih'óó3oo na black person, African American person
after: toh- pv when, because, after; tohuu- pv when, because, after (habitual aspect)
afternoon: hiiskoh'uusiini- vii to be afternoon
again: ci' pv 1) also, 2) again; co' pv again, back, returning; ce' pv again, back, returning; ci' particle again; ce'ííhi' adv again; koox- proclitic again
age: neehiicxóóyeihí- vai to be of the same generation, be the same age
agree: ni'óóbetí- vai to agree with one another; ní'oob- vta to agree with s.o.; ní'oobéíhi- vai to be agreed with, have one's offer or proposal accepted
aim: sebeyoohóó3ei- vai to aim at s.t.; sebeyén- vti to aim at s.t.
air: hoowu3oow ni air, breath
airplane: niiníh'ohúúnoo' ni airplane
airport: níítohkóú'usé'i ni airport
all around: híítono'on- vta 1) to be on both sides of s.o., 2) to be all around s.o.
all the way: hóóyeinííhi' adv all the way to a place
all: hono'útoyóó- vii to be complete, all there; behííhi' adv all, entirely, as a whole; beisííhi' adv 1) all, entirely, completely, 2) everyone; boh- pv all, everyone; kónohúúhu' adv 1) all, everything, 2) most, majority; beh- pv all; beis- pv all; konóh- pv all
allative: won- pv allative, going to do something
alligator: hiincebíít na 1) water monster, 2) alligator, crocodile
allow: xóuuwoo3ib- vta to permit s.o. to do something, allow s.o. to do something; xóuuwoo3ih- vta to permit s.o. to do something, allow s.o. to do something
allright: hih'óó particle okay, all right, fine
almost: héyeih- pv almost, nearly approaching a goal; too- pv almost; wúho'ookúúhu' adv almost right, almost what I want; toonííhi' adv almost
alone: níis- pv 1) only, 2) alone; nííseihi- vai 1) to be one, 2) to be alone; níísneníí- pv alone; níisísee- vai to be alone, be left alone
along: niihííhi' adv along (e.g. a river or stream); niihóótee- vii to be located along somewhere
already: woow particle now, already; hiis- pv already, perfect aspect
also: ci' pv 1) also, 2) again; howóó particle also, even; niixóó particle also; hííkoot particle also; niixóó particle also, in addition
altar: 3í'eyoo ni 1) monument along a trail, 2) the pile of dirt in front of a sweatlodge, dug out from the firepit, 3) altar; 3í'eyóonéíhiinóó' vii an altar has been set up, an altar has been established; 3í'eyóonóót- vti to place an altar at a location; 3í'eyóonóótii- vai to set up an altar or monument
always: tecó'on- pv always; tecó'onííhi' adv always, all the time
amiss: kóhtowúúni' vii there is something amiss, untoward; kóhtowú3ecóó- vai to think that something is amiss, feel strange about something
ancient: héétee particle 1) before, prior, previous, earlier, 2) in ancient times, traditionally; ko3éinííhi' adv of an old type, ancient
and: wo'éí3 particle or, but; noh particle and
angel: betéé3oo na 1) shadow, 2) spirit, angel; niibííniit na angel; hécesbetee3óó na angel
angry: 3oxóni'éí'oo- vai 1) to look angry, 2) to frown; cesoni3ecóó- vai to be mad, angry; hesnonóóton- vta to be mad at s.o., angry with s.o.; hesinih- vta to make s.o. mad, angry; hesnónee- vai to be angry
animal: cese'eihíí na game, wild quadruped mammal, wild animals hunted for food
ankle: wonó' ni-dep 1) ankle, 2) wrist
annoucer: nooxuneihii na announcer, crier
announce: nóooxunóóhu' vii it has been announced; nóooxunóótiini' vii it has been announced publicly; nóooxunéé- vai to announce something publicly
another time: hoo3ííhi' adv 1) later, 2) next time, 3) another time
another: céése' na a, one, another; kóxuu- pv another, alternative, different
answer: hooxóénihíí3- vta 1) to answer s.o., 2) to respond to s.o.; hooxóénihíí- vai to answer, respond
ant: hééni' na ant
antelope: nisíce na 1) antelope, pronhorn antelope, 2) water strider
anthill: hééniiyoowú' ni anthill
antler: hiníínis ni horn, antler
anus: bé3it ni-dep anus
anyhow: konóhxuu particle anyhow, anyway, despite warnings
anyway: konóhxuu particle anyhow, anyway, despite warnings
Apache: ti'iihiinen na Apache person
appear good: ní'noéyotí' vii it appears to be good, looks good
appear: bisísee- vai 1) to appear, come in to view, 2) (the sun) to rise; bééyei3óót- pv it seems that, it appears that; biskóóhu- vai 1) to appear suddenly, appear running, 2) to go out (searching)
apple: bee'íce'éé' ni apple
appreciation: bébi'íni- vai to give thanks, show appreciation
approach: nééyeiníh'ohu- vai to fly close by, to approach by flying; neehéyei'on- vta to approach s.o.; neehéyei'- vti to approach s.t.; neehéyeikúútii- vai to approach something rapidly; neehéyeikóóhu- vai to approach something running; neeheyéísee- vai to approach something walking
approximately: bebenéh particle about, approximately, roughly
April: bénii'owuusíís ni April
apron: se'éíctoot ni apron
Arapaho Lodge: hinono'oowu' ni 'Arapaho Lodge', identified as the 'fifth dance' in Kroeber's "The Arapaho"
Arapaho Tribe: hinono'eiteen ni Arapaho Tribe
Arapaho: Bo'óóciinén na Northern Arapaho; Nóówunóno'ei na Southern Arapaho; hinonó'eisóó na young Arapaho person; hinóno'eitíít ni Arapaho language; hinóno'úsei na Arapaho woman; hinóno'éí na Arapaho person; hinóno'éí' na Arapaho (pl.); nóno'éinííhi' adv in the Arapaho way; hoowuniihinen na Lower Arapaho; nóno'éinííne'etíít ni the Arapaho way of life
arise: koheí'i- vai get up or stand up (from a sitting or lying position), arise
arm band: niisiheswouh ni arm band
arm: beecét ni-dep 1) hand, arm, 2) a constellation of five stars; bénes ni-dep arm; híítonóó3ee- vai to arm oneself, get one's weapons
armpit: 3éi3é' ni armpit
around: hííneenííhi' adv by turning around, in a turning around manner; híínee- pv turning around, reversing direction; noo'óee- pv around (a spot), in circles; noo'óeenííhi' adv around; 3ebhíín3ííhi' adv around (circumventing) there
arrange: níítei'óó- to be arranged in single file
arrive home: no'eeckóóhu- vai to arrive back at one's home; cé'no'eeckóóhu- vai to arrive back home
arrive: híitísee- vai to come in the direction of the speaker, arrive where the speaker is; nó'úúhu- vai to arrive at camp; no'uxóóton- vta to arrive at s.o.'s location, come to s.o.; no'úh'ohu- vai to arrive by flying; no'kóóhu- vai to arrive by running; níitísee- vai to arrive from someplace; no'kóóhuuhéí- vai to arrive on horseback; bíí'onísee- vai to arrive propitiously, show up at just the right time; no'úhcehí- vai to arrive quickly, run or ride up to a place; nó'ceikóóhuuhéí- vai to arrive riding toward the speaker; nóhohoonííno'úsee- vai to arrive somewhere on foot while hurrying; no'úhcehéíhi- vai to have arrived quickly at a place, have just gotten somewhere in a hurry; no'- pv to reach the terminal point of a linear path, arrive
arrow: ho3 ni arrow; néic ni arrow
arrowhead: wóosóó3 ni arrowhead, flint
artery: be'íb na vein, artery
artist: niiwoowó3onóheit na artist
ash: ce'í3ee ni ash; ho'esciibis ni ash tree, scientific name Fraxinus pensylvanica
ashamed: teyeihi- vai to be ashamed; teyeihei- vai to be ashamed for someone
Asian: niih'éínookút na 1) an East Asian person, 2) someone who resembles an East Asian person
aside: ceibísee- vai to move to the side, move over, get out of the way
ask: nokóóyeiníiitowóót- vti to ask for s.t. through the process of fasting; noton- vta to ask s.o., ask s.o. a question; níiítowóó- vai to ask for something for oneself; kóónee'éébi- vai to ask for something seriously, in the proper manner
asleep: nókohu- vai to sleep, be asleep
aspen: bíiít ni 1) quaking aspen, scientific name Populus tremuloides, 2) elms, scientific name Ulmus spp.?
assemble: hoo'éikóóhu- vai to assemble together, run together; hoo'einéíhi- vai to be together, assembled; hoo'eikóni' vii (a group or tribe) is assembled
assistant: ho3ío' na a young man who serves as a helper, assistant or runner during a ceremony
aster: bííhceyínoo'óó' ni flower of the aster family, Asteraceae spp.; síísííyeinóxu' ni a plant, possibly aster, scientific name Asteraceae
Asteraceae: bííhceyínoo'óó' ni flower of the aster family, Asteraceae spp.
attached: héíbiní- vii to be stuck, attached to something; héíbi- vii to be stuck, attached to something; héíbi- vai to be stuck, attached to something; néibí'ini- vii to be (habitually) attached to something or someplace
attack: bisííten- vti 1) to attack s.t., 2) to raid s.t.; bisííton- vta to attack s.o., raid s.o.; bisíítoo- vai to attack
attractive: hi3ówoonéíhi- vai to be good-looking, attractive, pretty
attractive: noxoséíhi- vai 1) to be good looking, attractive, 2) to be sweet
auger: tónooxóhoé ni auger
August: niihóónkóo'úúniisíís ni August
aunt: nehéi na-dep my aunt
automobile: niiniihencebkóóhut na automobile, car
autumn: céénkoo' ni 1) fall, autumn, 2) October; tóóyouni- vii to be fall, autumn; tóyounííhi' adv in the autumn; tóyouní- vii to be autumn
available: níi3iní- vii 1) to be held, possessed, 2) to be available, at one's disposal
awake: hoowóto'óó- vai to be awake
away: beebei'ón particle far away, way over there; cesisíh'ohú- vai to fly away; honohúbe' particle there, away from here
awl: kokóubéí ni awl
ax: ho'onóóx ni ax
baby: téí'yoonehíhi' na baby, small child
back and forth: hiince'ísee- vai to pace, walk back and forth
back fat: nonii ni the back fat of a buffalo
back: níicibísee- vai to walk to the back, walk to the rear; co' pv again, back, returning; ce' pv again, back, returning; níicíbe' particle in back, especially in the back of the camp, in the rear; ce'íisííhi' adv back again in that direction; néé'eetéébe' particle in the back (e.g. of a tipi)
backbone: wótotóoy ni-dep backbone, spine
backrest: wohunohóé ni ?backrest, pillow
bacon: nih'óó3ouwóxuu ni bacon
bad: woxútoo- vai 1) to do something wrong, do something bad, 2) to sin; woxóuubéíhi- vai to feel bad; woxéíhi- vai 1) to be bad, mean, 2) to be ugly
badger: woh'ooó na badger
bag: ce'éinóx ni container, can be used for e.g. a bag, box, luggage, purse, satchel, trunk; ho'úwoonó3 ni parfleche, bag for jerked meat; touse3óo ni pouch or bag for tobacco, pipe, porcupine quills, etc.; ce'éíyoó ni 1) container, 2) paper bag; ho'úwoonóx ni rawhide bag
baked goods: nisíkoc ni cake, baked goods, pastry
baking powder: nisonóxoh'óe ni leavening agent such as baking powder or yeast
bald eagle: nooke'éibeh'éí na bald eagle; héétese'éit na bald eagle; biihtése'éít na bald eagle
bald: bihtesé'ei- vai to be bald, have a bald spot
bale: beenóókuhu' ni bale (e.g. of hay); beenookhú'u' ni bale of hay
ball bearings: béí'ci3eiceeteyehí3i' na (pl.) ball bearings
ball: koho'owooó na ball
banana: nóóhousóó' ni banana
band: Hoxoo'o3inéno' na (pl.) one of four Arapaho bands identified by Kroeber, said by Kroeber to have been on the South Canadian river in Oklahoma
bank: hoxtóóno'óúni- vii there is a bank, steep slope, or cliff there; hoxtóóno' ni bank, cliff
baptize: touse'eneihi- vai to be baptized
bar: benohéíno'oowú' ni bar, saloon
barberry: cécinbiicííxo ni creeping barberry, scientific name Mahonia repens
barely: noxow- pv 1) very (intensifier), 2) barely, 3) just now
bark: beebee- vai (a dog) to bark; hinóoóx ni bark; wóhbee- vai to bark
barrel: ce'éíbes ni 1) box, 2) barrel
bat: woséín3e'enéíhii na bat
bath: tóusébi- vai 1) to swim, 2) to take a bath, bathe
bathe: tóusébi- vai 1) to swim, 2) to take a bath, bathe; hiinouu- vai 1) to swim around, 2) to bathe; tóúsebííxohéí- vai to be taken to bathe
bathroom: céénokuhcehéíno'oowú' ni outhouse, bathroom, restroom; biihííno'oowú' ni bathroom, privy; tóúsebííno'óówu' ni bathroom
battle: bóó3etí- vii there is a fight, there is a battle; bóó3etí- vai to fight with one another, do battle; bóó3etíít ni fighting, war, battle
be: nohuusóho- vii that's how it is, let it be that way; cebii'óónoo- vii to come to be, come to pass; héntoo- vai 1) to be present, 2) be in a particular place, be located somewhere; nenéé- vii it is it, that is it; cebíí'oo- vai to come to be, come into being
bead: ceenééteeyóó' ni bead; ce'íbinóotí' ni bead
beaded: kotóhuu- vii to be beaded
beak: bé'is ni-dep 1) nose, 2) beak
beans: wonííhiiho' na beans, scientific name Fabaceae spp.
bear fat: woxniinen ni bear fat
bear paw: woxse'eihtoo ni bear paw
bear: nóókox na 1) white bear, 2) polar bear; nonóókunéseet na grizzly bear; woxuusóó na bear cub; heebétox na 1) big bear, 2) grizzly bear; wox na bear
bearberry: noh'úwuno ni bearberries, scientific name Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (berries); noh'úwunbííse' ni bearberry bush, scientific name Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (bush)
beard: biixoxko'onoo ni (buffalo) beard
beardtongue: wookúúno' ni penstemon, beardtongue, scientific name Penstemon spp.
beat: hoyóó3- vta to win against s.o., beat s.o. in a contest
beautiful: bébeenéíhi- vai to be beautiful, pretty
Beaver Rim: héétcowóúúte' placename Beaver Rim, WY
beaver: hébes na beaver; hebesokoy ni beaver lodge
because: toh- pv when, because, after; tohuu- pv when, because, after (habitual aspect); hóókoh particle because
become: níí3o'oo- vai to become like something else
bed: híísibí- vai to lie down, go to bed; hooó ni bed
bedbug: bei'téi na-dep louse, bedbug
bee: kóho'ok na bee, wasp, yellowjacket, hornet
beehive: koho'okuunokoy ni beehive
beetle: ce'biisee na beetle
before: hééscii- pv before, while not yet; heecét proclitic before (another event), while not yet
beg: kóónee- vai to beg for something, beseech someone for something
begin: ce3- pv begin to do something, inceptive; césis- pv to begin to do something; césistoo- vai to begin to do something
behave: teiitoonéíhi- vai 1) to be quiet, 2) to sit still, 3) to be well behaved
belch: bée3ícei- vai to belch
believe: hee3óóbeenéét- vti to believe in s.t., consider s.t. true; hí3oowótonéíhiinóó- vii to be believed; hí3oowoton- vai to believe; hee3óóbeeneb- vta to believe in s.o.; híí3oowóton- vta to believe s.o.; híí3oowót- vti to believe s.t.; hí3oowót- vti to believe s.t.; hí3oowú3ecoo- vai to believe something to be true, to have faith in something
bell: nohcéíneeyóo ni bell
belly button: bé3in ni-dep 1) belly button, 2) umbilical cord
belly: wonót ni-dep abdomen, belly; béé3ií ni 1) belly, paunch, 2) lining of the paunch of an animal
bellyband: hóóxuuku ni bellyband, saddle girth
belt: koyootéé na belt
bent: hone'éékuu- vai to stand bent down; hookow- pv bent
berdache: hoxúx na 1) berdache, transvestite, 2) also applied to a homosexual person (of either sex)
berry: bííbinee- vai to eat berries (usually straight from the bush); 3ó'owú'uwonee- vai to grind or crush berries; hóóxehíb ni buffalo berry, bull berry; sée3íbino' ni berries or cones of pine or juniper trees, scientific names Juniperus communis, Sabina spp., Pinus spp.; bííbinoot ni 1) berry, 2) extended to other small roundish fruit such as grape or raisin
beseech: kóónee- vai to beg for something, beseech someone for something
beside: kokóon- pv on the side, beside; kókoo'ún- vta to be beside s.o.
best: honóuunowóót- vti to do s.t. in the preferable or best way
bet: hóó3o' particle I bet it is so
better: hííneyó'otii- vai to remediate a situation, make things better
beyond: cebe'éítii- vai to do something more than the limit, go beyond a limit
beyond: cebe'éítoo- vai to do something more than the number of times allowed, go beyond a limit; cebííhi' adv beyond, past; cebe'einííhi' adv beyond (a place, a limit)
Big Dipper: téébiicéso'o' na Big Dipper
Big Lodge person: béesóowúunén na one of the five 'subtribes' identified by Kroeber, member of the branch of the greater Arapaho-Gros Ventre tribe which went by this name, variously translated as 'Great Lakes person,' or 'big lodge person'
Big Wheel: bééxotii na Big Wheel
Big Wind River: hóteiniicíe ni Big Wind River
big: heebe3ííhi' adv large, big, immense; beeseihtee- vai to have big feet; bees3ee3ei- vai to have big hands; héébetóóx na big horse; heebe3inén na big man; heebetóóxei na big wolf; béései3e- vai to be big, large, have a big body; bees- pv big, large; beesóó- vii to be big, large; beeseinoehi- vai to be big, large; heebe3nenítee na 1) big person, 2) monster
bigger: beesísei- vai to be an older or bigger girl or woman
birch: nííyoo'óé ni red-bush, red birch, mountain birch, water birch, scientific name Betula fontinalis; béé'exootí' ni 1) mountain birch, 2) Osage orange tree
bird: nii'ehííhi' adv having to do with eagles or birds; nii'ehíísoo na young bird, nestling; nii'éíhii na 1) bird, 2) eagle; nii'ehííni- vai to be a bird, be an eagle
bird-like: níí'ehiinííhi' adv in a bird-like or eagle-like manner
biscuit root: nii'éétee' ni a plant known as bear root, biscuit root, pungent desert parsley or consumption plant, scientific name Lomatium dissectum, described by Kroeber as "a greasy, carrot-like root" (TA:32)
bit: beenihéhe' particle a little bit, few
bite: toyóób- vta to bite s.o.; ko'oot- vti to bite s.t., take a bite of s.t.
bitter root: neníícisoxú'oo' ni a medicinal root, possibly bitter root, scientific name Lewisia rediviva; wóóxcoo' ni bitter root, scientific name Lewisia rediviva
black: wo'oteenih'óó3oo na black person, African American person; wo'teen- pv 1) black, 2) dark; wo'teenóte'éí- vai to have black hair; wo'óteeyóó- vii to be black; wo'teenéíhi- vai to be black
blackbird: nih'eenó' na blackbird; béebé'3e'enéíhii na red-winged blackbird; níhoonnih'éeno' na yellow-headed blackbird
bladder: hinís ni bladder
blame: hó3oowub- vta to blame s.o.
blanket: hóu ni blanket, robe; nééceenóú ni the chief's blanket; hóoxóúbee- vai to wear a blanket, cover oneself with a blanket
bleed: be'ííni- vii to bleed
bless: bee3h- vta to bless s.o., pray for s.o. to be successful; níísih- vta to bless s.o., pray over s.o.; níísihkuu3- vta to bless s.o. quickly or rapidly; woxú'uuwu- vai to bless something; cecéecó'ohuun- vai to ceremonially bless; ceceecó'oh- vta to ceremonially bless s.o.; wóxu'óóntoo- vai to perform a blessing ceremony
blessed: woxú'ootííni' vii 1) it has been blessed, 2) power or authority has been granted ceremonially; ceceecéíhi'ííhi' adv in a blessed way
blink: céheekú- vai 1) to blink one's eyes, 2) (the Thunderbird) to make lightning, 3) lightening to flash; céheekúhcehi- vai to blink; hííne'éicéheekúhcehí- vai to blink one's eyes rapidly while turning one's head
blizzard: nookubee3ei na 1) white owl, 2) used figuratively to refer to snowy weather or frost
blood: hinót na blood clot; bé'eek ni gravy, blood gravy; be' ni blood
blouse: biixúút ni 1) shirt, blouse, 2) dress
blow one's nose: nii'ííbee- vai to blow one's nose
blow: nó'oo'héése- vii to be blown far from camp
blue: cenééteeyóó- vii to be blue or green
bluebell: ceenééteené'einóó' ni bluebell, scientific name Mertensia ciliata
blunt: hoowtoxu'óó- vii 1) to be blunt , 2) to be dull
blush: bo'óúu'éí'oo- vai 1) to turn red, 2) to blush
board: se'íbes ni board, plank
boat: 3iiw ni boat, canoe, ship
bobcat: to'úú3eebexóókee na bobcat; to'uu3i'eibexóókee na bobcat
body: béései3e- vai to be big, large, have a big body; beténeyóoó ni-dep (human) body
bogeyman: bííbeet na bogeyman
boil: ko'youhu- vai to cook or boil something for oneself; sii'ihéíton- vta to put something in water (to cook or boil) for s.o.
boil: sii'ihwó'oyei- vai to put something into a pot or kettle to cook or boil; kóótee- vii to boil; kóóhob- vti to boil s.t.
bone: hix ni bone
book: wo3ónohóe ni paper, book, notebook, mail, anything made of paper
boot: touhóóno'óh ni boot
border: towóoxéisé' vii 1) something is marked by breaking, a route or road has been made by breaking things (as in railroad construction), 2) a border is marked
bored: ciisibínoo'óó- vai to get tired of something, find something monotonous
borrow: hotóónee- vta to burrow in to s.o.; hotóónee- vti to burrow in to s.t.
both sides: híítono'on- vta 1) to be on both sides of s.o., 2) to be all around s.o.
bother: nosóúnoxuuh- vta to keep bothering, harassing or persecuting someone; coo'u3éí'i- vai to bother people, harass people; nó'cou'u3éí'i- vai to come to bother or harass people; néenonih- vta 1) to continually bother s.o., 2) to continually persecute s.o.; noxúuh- vta to bother s.o., persecute s.o.; cóú'utii- vai 1) to bother something or someone, 2) to play with something casually; neenóóxobei- vai 1) to bother someone's horses, 2) to take someone's horses; cou'uh- vta to bother s.o.
bottle: niinéét ni 1) nipple, 2) bottle for feeding a baby; ceeníhcoo' ni a transparent container such as a bottle, jar, or glass
bottom: nókowúúhu' particle down here, at the bottom; céno'úúhu' particle at the bottom (when looking down from the top)
bow: beeté' ni bow
bowl: cee'einóó' ni bowl
bowstring: beetéyook na 1) bowstring, 2) string or rope made of sinew, 3) also extended to other string not made of sinew
box elder: hoxúús, hoxwúús ni box elder tree, scientific name Negundo aceroides
box: ce'éinóx ni container, can be used for e.g. a bag, box, luggage, purse, satchel, trunk; ce'éíbes ni 1) box, 2) barrel
boy: honóh'oehíhi' na little boy; hecéxonóh'oe na young boy
boyfriend: nebii'ó'oo na-dep my sweetheart, my girlfriend, my boyfriend
bracelet: wooxón ni 1) bracelet, 2) also used for jewelery in general; wohnóx ni bracelet
braid: nii3óótee'ee ni braid; nii3óotééni- vii to be braided; nii3óotééni- vai to be braided, be in braids; nii3óótee'ein- vta to braid s.o.'s hair; nii3óótee'en- vti to braid s.t. (hair, rope), make a braid
brain: betééc ni-dep brain
branch: hitéi ni branch, treelimb
brave: hiisíítookoxúúnee vai to earn a feather, as a symbol of a brave deed; hiihóho'nen- vta to act bravely towards s.o.; hiihóho'néíhi- vai to be brave
bread: cebiteenoc ni fry bread; co'céí- vai to fry bread; có'coo ni bread, loaf of bread; có'oc ni bread, loaf of bread
breadroot: hiicénii Indian breadroot, scientific name Pediomelum esculentum
break wind: cééti- vai to fart, break wind, pass gas
break: tebikuutii- vai to break something
breast: bé3en ni-dep breast
breath: hoowu3oow ni air, breath; hoowo3óów ni 1) breath, 2) air, 3) life; nííhon3óówu- vai to keep one's breath for a long time, avoid running out of breath for a long time
breathe: hoowo3óówo- vai to breathe
breechcloth: wonóut ni breechcloth, loincloth
breeze: teiise- vii to be breezy
breeze: kóxo'tóése- vii to be breezy; toeese- vii to be cold and breezy, there is a cold breeze
bridge: hooxuu3ííw ni bridge
bridle: ciitohko'neeyoo ni bridle
bring a story: nó'oo3íte'e- vai to bring a story here from another place
bring back: neyéíxohowóó- vai to try to get/bring things back for oneself
bring here: ceixotii- vai to bring something here
bring home: no'óókoo3- vta to bring s.o. home; no'óokéí'i- vai to bring something home, transport something to one's house
bring: no'oxoh- vta to bring s.o.; céíxoh- vta to bring s.o. in the direction of the speaker; bíí'ono'oxoh- vta to bring s.o. to a place just at the right time; hiitíxotii- vai to bring something here from someplace; céi3- vta to bring something here to s.o.; nó'uxoton- vta to deliver something to s.o.; nó'uxohéíhi- vai to have been delivered to a place
broad: cííxoyoo- vii to be broad
broken: towóónee- vai to have a broken leg; tebé'ei- vai 1) to be broken off at the head, 2) to have the top broken off; tówo'oní- vii to be broken
broom: wotí'ohóe ni broom
brother in law: nei3ébi na-dep (my) sibling in law of the opposite sex, (my) brother in law (woman speaking), (my) sister in law (man speaking); neyóo na-dep my brother in law
brother: nééhebéhe' na-dep younger sibling, younger brother or sister; néteséí na-dep (my) sibling of the opposite sex, (my) brother (woman speaking), (my) sister (man speaking); neeséh'e na-dep older brother, also used to refer to the person fulfilling the role of 'older brother' in a ceremony or dance
brown: nisíh'oo- vii to be brown
brush fire: kotee- vii 1) (a large conflagration) to give off smoke, to burn, 2) there is a brush fire
brush: hiikóó' ni 1) woods , 2) brush; hookoo'eeni- vii (brush) to be thick; kooxúúhu' particle in the brush; no'otoo'óé- vii to be brushy; hi3oowúukóó- vii to be in the brush, under the brush
buck: censíb- vta (e.g. a horse) to throw s.o. off, buck s.o. off
bucket: nóókohóé ni 1) water dipper, 2) medicine switch, 3) bucket; nookoheinooo ni bucket
buckskin: biixót ni buckskin
buckwheat: biiscihin ni buckwheat, scientific name Eriogonum spp.; hónookó3ookúnu' buckwheat, scientific name Eriogonum spp.
buffalo berry: hóóxeehíbino' ni buffalo berry, scientific name Shepherdia canadensis
buffalo robe: hii3einoonóu ni buffalo robe
Buffalo Wheel: híí3einóónotíí na Buffalo Wheel, Medicine Wheel (a site in the Bighorn Mountains of Wyoming)
buffalo: hóóxehíb ni buffalo berry, bull berry; biihí3ii ni 1) buffalo chips, 2) diaper powder made from dried buffalo chips; híí3einóón ni 1) buffalo, 2) a herd of buffalo; biixóu ni buffalo cow robe; biis na buffalo cow; nónooni na young buffalo cow, approximately 2-3 years old; henéécee na buffalo bull
bug: bíísee na 1) bug, insect, 2) ?worm
bugle: níitóuu3óó ni 1) whistle, 2) flute, 3) bugle
build: nii3oxoeyéí- vai to build a fence, repair a fence
Bull Lake, WY: Nééceiní'ec placename Bull Lake, WY
bull: hóóxehíb ni buffalo berry, bull berry
bullet pouch: kokuyoono3oot ni 1) powder horn, 2) bullet pouch
bullsnake: hóóxeesíísiiyei na bullsnake, gopher snake; kookousiisiiyei na bullsnake, gopher snake
bulrush: hónoowúuxó' bulrush, scientific name Scirpus or Schoenoplectus spp.
bumblebee: héébe3kohó'ok na bumblebee
bundle: cee'eeku3oo ni a bundle of offerings
burn: kotee- vii 1) (a large conflagration) to give off smoke, to burn, 2) there is a brush fire; co'ouuté3ee- vii to be flaming high; ceh'éí- vai burn incense (from cedar); kohóóxoénoo'óó' vii (a fire) is burning; kóhooxoénoo'ooni- vii (a fire) is burning; béetoxúh'u- vai to be completely burned up; héébete3ééyei- vai to burn something in a large fire; béete3ééyei- vai to burn something up; néétoxúh'u- vai to burn to death; cíístonóót- vti to keep s.t. burning a long time, keep s.t. burning continuously
burned: beexúuto'ówu' ni burned land, a burned area
burp: bée3ícei- vai to belch
burr: woníseineehíís ni 1) burr plant, 2) a figure representing a burr painted on the body during the Tomahawk Lodge ceremony, 3) wild licorice, scientific name scientific name Glycyrrhiza lepidota,
bus: nihoonotíí ni schoolbus; neyei3einotíí ni schoolbus
bush: cóó'oo'éé' ni shrub, bush
busy: neetónoohúú- vai to be busy; nonó'o3on- pv to be busy or engaged with something
but: wo'éí3 particle or, but; 'oh particle but
butcher: céniihéíhi- vai to be butchered; céniihéí'i- vai to butcher; ceníih- vta to butcher s.o. (anim. obj.)
butter: nihóóncebítee ni butter
buttercup: henéíxo' buttercup, scientific name Ranunculaceae spp.; yenéinkóóti'i ni buttercup, scientific name Ranunculaceae spp.; nííhooné'einóó' buttercup, scientific name Ranunculus glaberrimus, possibly other Ranunculus spp., also black-eyed susan and related plants, scientific name Rudbeckia spp.
butterfly: níh'ootéibéíhii na butterfly
buttock: besóo ni-dep buttocks
button: hoxkúh-d vai 1) to button up, 2) to zip up; hóxkuhuut ni button
buy: cééstoo- vai to procure or obtain something, buy something (typically for oneself); cééston- vta to procure or obtain something for s.o., buy something for s.o.; céne3eih- vta 1) to knock s.o. down or off someplace, 2) to purchase s.o.; céne3éíh- vti 1) to knock s.t. down or off someplace, 2) to purchase s.t.; hotóónoot- vti to buy s.t., purchase s.t.; hotóónee- vai to shop, buy things
buzz: hetei'oo- vai to make a buzzing noise; heteiníh'ohú- vai to make a buzzing noise while flying (e.g. a bee)
buzzard: woxóóxobe'- pv relating to buzzards, vultures
buzzer: nohceineekúú3oo ni buzzer
by itself: niihen- pv by oneself, of one's own accord
by oneself: niihéyoo adv by oneself, on one's own
by: ceb- pv pass by
cable: béí'ci3eiséénok na cable
cactus: hóho'oyóóx na 1) cactus, scientific name Cactaceae spp. and Opuntia spp., 2) peyote, scientific name Lophophora williamsii; cééyookúú' ni cactus of some type, scientific name Coryphantha or (most likely) scientific name Pediocactus spp.
cake: nisíkoc ni cake, baked goods, pastry
calculate: téceenéét- vti to guess s.t., try to figure s.t. out, calculate s.t. in one's mind
calf: wookéciisoo na calf; woo' na calf (baby cow); ci'í3 ni, na calf of leg
call: heenéti3- vta 1) to talk to s.o., speak with s.o., 2) to call s.o. over; ní'ii3éé- vai to be called by a certain name; ní'ii3éíhi- vai to be called or named; nih'óó3ounih'ééhi- vai to be called or named a certain way by Whites; néé'eesíh'iit- vti that is what they call it; héti3óótiini' vii there is calling, there is responding; hééti3- vta to call for s.o.; heetí3eininénee- vai to call for s.o., as by whistling; notéíneeb- vta to call for s.o. by making a sound, such as whistling; ní'iit- vti to call s.t. a certain name; héti3- vta to call to s.o.; 3ebtéeti3- vta to call to s.o. there; céhti3- vta to call s.o. over
called: néé'ee3e'ínonéíhiinóó' vii that is how something is known, that is how something is named, called
calm: téiitoonéíhi- vai to be quiet, calm, still; téiitooyóó- vii to be calm, still, quiet
Calochortus gunnisonii: seenéí'oxúú3eet ni scientific name Calochortus gunnisonii
camp circle: nééyei3- pv having to do with a camp circle; neeyéi3kó'einííhi' adv in a close circle, as in a camp; neeyéi3einóotii- vai to camp in a circle
camp: bée3ii- vai 1) to finish camping, take down camp, 2) to leave a place behind, as in moving camp; níiítoo- vai to locate camp, be located in camp; cebiihíítooni- vii (camp) is being moved along; cebííhi- vai to move camp along, past a place; hóotéé' vii something is located there, something is arranged or laid out there, there is a camp there; hóoteení' vii something is located there, something is arranged or laid out there, there is a camp there; hóotíí- vai to camp (individually rather than as a group or tribe), to set up camp; niisóotéé' vii how the camp is, how the camp is set up; níii- vai to camp; ko'einootii- vai to camp in a circle
can: 3owo3nóoó ni can
cane: hóokóto ni cane
canoe: 3iiw ni boat, canoe, ship
canteen: niibecohuut ni canteen; niibecoo ni canteen
canvas: bee3o'óoó' ni canvas, denim or other stiff, densely woven cloth
canyon: bíí3oonóó- vii there is a canyon; hiicóó' vii there is a canyon there
cap: co'té' ni cap
capsize: hi3ókunoo'óó- vii to capsize
captive: wowóonííni- vai to be captive, have been captured
capture: wowóonííni- vai to be captive, have been captured; ce3- vta to catch, trap or capture an animal; ce3éíhi- vai to have ben caught, trapped or captured; tóunínoo3- vta to capture, defeat, or count coup on an enemy
car: niiniihencebkóóhut na automobile, car
card: sei'kuu3óó ni playing card
cardinal: bé'ii'éíhii na cardinal
care: hééteeniihéíhi- vai to be taken good care of; heetééniih- vta to take care of s.o. (well)
careful: néstouhu- vai to be careful
carefully: kóó'oe- pv slowly, carefully, in due time
carpet: so'oo3óó ni 1) tablecloth, mat, 2) carpet, rug
carrot: yeneinít na carrot, indian carrot, gardner's yampah, scientific name Perideridia gairdneri
carry a blanket: nííwouwu- vai to carry a blanket
carry: bííno3óóhu- vai to carry a load, pack something; nííwoho'un- vta to carry s.o.; niiwóúhu'un- vta to carry s.o. (animate object) along (e.g. on a trip); nííwoho'ón- vti to carry s.t. along (e.g. on a trip); 3ei'iinóót- to carry s.t. or s.o. on one's back
cartilage: 3ei3 ni 1) tendon, 2) cartilage, 3) muscle
carve: wo3ono'úx- vti to mark s.t., carve s.t.; níí3es- vta to carve s.o.
castrate: neecéés na gelding, castrated horse
cat: wo'óoó na cat
catch sight: 3ooxúúnon- vta to notice s.o., catch sight of s.o.
catch: ce3- vta to catch, trap or capture an animal; ce3éíhi- vai to have ben caught, trapped or captured; hiisíítenéíhi- vai to have been seized or caught; hiisííten- vta 1) to catch s.o., grab s.o., seize s.o., 2) to run after s.o.
Catholic: heenínouhut na 1) Catholic priest, 2) sometimes extended to a Catholic person in general
cattleman: wóókeciinén na rancher, cattleman
cave: tonoxtééni' vii 1) there is a cave, there is an opening in the earth, 2) there is a meadow or clearing in the forest, 3) there is a tundra area beyond the forest
cease fire: ceniiyóó3eti- vii a cease fire is in effect
cedar: cooh'óee- vai to smudge or cedar; cóóh'owuun- vta to smudge s.o., cedar s.o.; bé'3einó'o ni 1) cedar, 2) juniper; bé'3ein- pv having to do with cedar or juniper (Sabina scopulorum and Juniperus communis); bé'e3éinóoo ni cedar
center pole: no'oúúhtoohóee ni center pole (in the sun dance); noh'óuutohóe ni the center pole of the Sun Dance lodge
center: no'oúúhtoohóee ni center pole (in the sun dance); 3óówohóú'u' particle in the middle, at the center; neehíi3éí' particle in the center, in the middle; wotees- pv into the center
centipede: hoowuho'ohteet na centipede; hoowoho'ohteihii na centipede
ceremony: beyoowú'u ni (pl.) Arapaho religious and ceremonial life, especially ceremonial dances such as the Sun Dance and dances of each of the lodges; niistoowóohúút ni a performance of a ceremony or ritual; ciibénoo'óó- vai to perform a ceremony or ritual; nii'éíhiitoowó'o ni a ceremony concerning eagles, the Eagle Way; níístoowóohu- vai to perform a ceremony, engage in a ceremony
certain: néé'ee3e'ín- vti to be certain, be sure of s.t.
chain: toukú3eibéí'ci3é'i ni chain
chainpod: 3ííkonwonííhiiho' ni (pl.) possibly chainpod, peavine, scientific name Hedysarum spp., or sweetclover, scientific name Melilotus spp.
chair: 3i'okuutoo ni furniture one sits on such as a chair, couch, seat
change: hóókootén- vti to change s.t.; hokoo3en- vti to change s.t.; hookoo3ítoo- vai to change the way one does something, change one's ways; hókoo3ítoo- vai to change the way one is doing something, change tactics
chaos: nónsoo' vii there is confusion, chaos, disorder; noonsóó' ni 1) chaos, 2) confusion, 3) mess, disorder
chase: héíso'onéíhi- vai to be forced to scatter due to being chased, be chased away and apart; kúhnee- vai to be chased; ce3esó'onéíhi- vai to be chased away by someone; yéihow- vta to chase s.o.; woti'éso'on- vta to chase s.o. away (permanently), remove s.o. by chasing; niicibéso'on- vta to chase s.o. back, chase s.o. to the rear; yih'óon- vta to chase s.o., chase after s.o.; no'esó'on- vta to chase s.o. to here, where the speaker is; hookootéso'on- vta to chase s.o. to their home; yéíhowóó- vai to chase something; ce3esó'owuun- vta to chase something away from s.o.
chat: ciihóuut- vai to chat
check out: néhyon- vai to inspect something, check something out
check up: néhyonóóhob- vta to inspect s.o., check up on s.o. visually; nehyóntii- vai to inspect something, check up on something; nehyóhonííhi' adv concerning inspection, concerning checking up on something; néhyoníhee- vai to be checked up on; yóónoohow- vta to check up on s.o.
check: nehyóntii- vai to check something, check up on something
cheek: becé'i'oo ni-dep cheek
cheer: xoúúnooni- vii there is cheering; xóuunéé- vai to cheer
cheerful: hónobéíhi- vai to be cheerful, happy, merry
cherish: nei'hónonih- vta 1) to hold s.o. tight or close to oneself (figuratively), 2) to cherish or respect s.o.; tóónonítii- vai 1) to hold on to something (figuratively), 2) to value something, cherish something
chest: biisícei- vai to have a hairy chest; bescóoó' ni chest
chew: seyóóko'oníí- vai to chew; seyow3ei- vai to chew
chewing gum: séyowcéí na chewing gum
Cheyenne: hítesíí na Cheyenne; Hítesííno'óowú' placename Cheyenne, WY
chickadee: híco'ooteehíhi' na chickadee; sesiicebiihihi' na chickadee; bííceyéíhii na chickadee
chicken hawk: hééyei hóókecii na chicken hawk; neséínoox na chicken hawk, scientific name Accipiter spp.
chicken: nih'óó3ounii'éíhii na chicken
chief: néécee na chief; cebeeniineecee na quarter-chief; nééceeni- vai to be chief
child: téí'yoonehíhi' na baby, small child; tei'yoonéhe' na child, infant; hecóxookei na 1) a person of small rank or stature, 2) a child, not a grown-up; hecóxookéíhi- vai 1) to be a person of small rank or stature (figuratively), 2) to be a child; hecéxookéé- vai 1) to be a child, 2) to be young; neniisóó na-dep (my) child; téí'yoonii- vai to be a child
childish: téí'yooniinóóni- vai to be emotionally immature, childish; téí'yoonootéíhi- vai to be emotionally immature, childish
children: hitéí'yoonííbi- vai to have a child, have offspring; nóó3sei- vai to have many children, many offspring; howúhsei- vai to have many children, offspring; hiníísooní- vai to have children
chimney: xouu'eeyóo ni chimney
chin: wotóhko' ni-dep jaw, chin
chipmunk: xoxooyóni' na chipmunk, striped ground squirrel
chips: biihí3ii ni 1) buffalo chips, 2) diaper powder made from dried buffalo chips
chisel: kóni'óhoee ni chisel
choke: ho3hí- vai choke
chokecherry gravy: biiné'eek ni chokecherry gravy
chokecherry: biiné'eek ni chokecherry gravy; biinínec ni chokecherry juice, chokecherry wine; bííno ni chokecherries (pl.), scientific name Padus virginiana (berries); bíínonoo'óé' ni chokecherry bush, scientific name Padus virginiana (bush)
choose: hééneyéixóhei- vai to choose, select
chop: cih'óh- vti to chop s.t.
chosen: bíí'eenebéíhi- vai to be chosen
Christian God: beehééteiht na Christian God; beehííniisonóónibeihít na Christian God; bééteet na Christian God
Christmas: hoonóú3ootííni- vii to be Christmas
chrysalis: bííseenii3óóteeyoo ni 1) chrysalis , 2) pupa
church: henínouhúúno'óowú' ni Catholic church; béteentóóno'oowú' ni church
cigar: híicóoó na pipe, cigar, cigarette
cigarette: híicóoó na pipe, cigar, cigarette
cinch: hóóxuucihíít ni 1) girth, a band that holds a saddle on a horse, 2) cinch
Circle Dance: ko'einohowoot ni Circle Dance
circle: noo'óeekóóhu- vai 1) to run around a place, 2) to circle around a place; hooyéí'on- vta to circle or corral s.o. (e.g. a horse); kóó'einóó' ni circle
circles: noo'óee- pv around (a spot), in circles
circular camp: neeyéi3o'óó- vii 1) there is a circular camp, 2) (pl.) (tipis) are set up in a circle for camping; neeyéi3óó' vii there is a circular camp; neyéí3oonóotéé' vii there is a circular camp located there
circular: ko'éí- pv round, circular; ko'einóó- vii to be circular, round
clap: kóe'sóhoe- vai to clap
claw: wo'ox ni-dep fingernail, toenail, claw, hoof; niiskosei- vai to have two nails, claws or hooves
clay: nookóóbe' ni kaolin, white clay for ceremonial painting, white paint; ho'éeét ni 1) paint, 2) clay
clean: hiiyoot- pv 1) pure, 2) clean; hííyoo3ínouhu- vai to be neatly dressed, wearing clean clothing; hííyootéíhi- vai to be clean, neat; hiiyootéénebéíhi- vai to be known to be clean or pure, be thought of as clean or pure; hííyoo3ítii- vai to keep something clean and pure; hííyoo3ih- vta to keep s.o. clean (primarily morally)
cleanly: hííyoo3ííhi' adv 1) cleanly, 2) properly, respectfully
clear the way: nóókoníitén- vti 1) to clear the way for s.t., 2) usher in s.t. (as in a ceremony)
clear: cihkoyóó- vii to be transparent, clear; hó3es- pv clear, clearly; cííhkoowu' ni clear water; wohou'ounoo'oo' vii (the weather) is clearing up; cíhkoowu- vii (water) to be clear, transparent
clearing: toonoxtééni' ni meadow or clearing in a forest
clearly: hó3es- pv clear, clearly
clench: co'ohóe- vai to make a fist
click: koseinóóni- vii to click
cliff: hoxtóóno'óúni- vii there is a bank, steep slope, or cliff there; hoxtóóno' ni bank, cliff; hoxotóóno' ni cliff, precipice
climb down: hoowouuhu- vai to climb down
climb up: nóh'ohóuuhúúton- vta to climb up to s.o.
climb: hóuúhu- vai to climb; nóuuhúúton- vta to climb (an. object) habitually; noxowouúhu- vai to climb close, climb closer; hóuúhuutón- vta to climb s.o.; hóuhúút- vti to climb s.t.; híixóuuhu- vai to climb to the top; teexouuhu- vai to climb up on to something; nóho'óuuhu- vai to climb upwards
cling: nei'íítehéíbi- vai to cling to something tightly, as if stuck to it
clock: hite'íyooní- vai to have a watch or clock; he'íyoó ni clock, knowledge
close by: neeyéinííhi' adv close by; niicó'owuu particle close by
close one's eyes: no'úusí'oo- vai to close one's eyes
close: too3ííhi' adv near, nearby, close to something; bee3ebééxoyoo3ííhi' adv close by and hidden; hóoxobéíhe' particle close by, near; neehéyei- pv close, near; too3- pv close, near; hokóh- vti to close s.t., stopper s.t.; híhcebee close by; neníinííhi' adv close by; bee3ebééx- pv close to, close by; niixóxo'on- vta to be close to s.o.; hiixoxó'- vti to get close to s.t.; neehéyeinííhi' adv close by
closely: nei'- pv closely, tightly
clot: hinót na blood clot
clothes: cíí3ibii- vai to put on a clothes
clothing: héixo'o ni clothing; henínouhu- vai to wear long clothing; woonínouhu- vai to wear new clothing
cloud: hiinoonó'etí- vii 1) to be cloudy, 2) to be stormy; nii'éíhiinó'et ni eagle cloud, thunder cloud; níí'eheinó'etí- vii to be an eagle cloud or thunder cloud; híínoonó'et ni cloud; wo'teeno'úxoo' vii dark clouds are gathering, the sky is getting dark; hiinóonó'oxoo'úú' vii there are clouds in the sky; wó'teenó'ete' vii there is a black cloud; nookó'eti- vii to be a white cumulous cloud
cloudy: hiinoonó'etí- vii 1) to be cloudy, 2) to be stormy
club: 3oxóo ni tomahawk, club, war club; nóxowóó3oo ni war club, killing club; ce'éex ni war club, tomahawk
coat: bíísbiixúút ni fur coat; hookoubiixúút ni jacket, coat
coffee: woo'téénoowu' ni coffee
coil: noononóutóósi- vai to be coiled up, e.g. a snake
coin: béí'ci3e' ni 1) metal, iron, steel, 2) coin, money
cold: toyóow- pv cold; toyoowú' vii the water is cold, there is cold water here; toyo3iisiini- vii to be a cold day; nohokoo3oo- vii to be bitterly cold; tóyo3óó- vii to be cold
collarbone: beihooó ni-dep collarbone
collect: hóo'éíhi- vai to collect, gather something; hóo'éín- vti to collect s.t., gather s.t.
colt: bííyo3óú'u na colt
comb: houtíhii ni 1) porcupine tail, 2) comb made from porcupine quills; cih'óte'eihóo ni comb, traditionally made from the tongue of a buffalo
comb: cih'óte'éíhi- vai to comb one's hair
come about: néé'ee3óó' vii that is where something is from, that is how something came about
come here!: cihnéés vai come here! (imperative)
come home: ce'eeckóóhu- vai to come back home
come in: cíítei- vai to enter, come in
come out: bisínoo'óó- vii to come out of a place (e.g. the wind from a cave)
come together: hoo'eiséé- vai to gather, come together, have a meeting
come upon: hítes- vta to come upon s.o., run into s.o., meet s.o. unexpectedly
come: híitísee- vai to come in the direction of the speaker, arrive where the speaker is; néé'eetísee- vai that is where someone is coming from; cé'oowúsee- vai to come back down; hiitíseenóó' vii where s.t. comes from
commence: cési3oo'oo' vii it gets/has gotten started, begun
compare: tecínihii- vai to compare things with s.o. else, compare two things
completative: bee3- pv completative, finish
complete: hono'útoyóó- vii to be complete, all there; kóhkutii- vai 1) to complete a task, 2) to complete a ceremony; bée3tíí- vti to complete s.t., finish s.t.
completely: beisííhi' adv 1) all, entirely, completely, 2) everyone
conative: néyei- pv conative, try
concave: 3eeyoúte- vii to be concave
concentrate: ni'koko'ú3ecoo- vai to be able to concentrate, think clearly
concerned: nonóneenów- vta to be concerned about s.o.; nonóneeneet- vti to be concerned about s.t.
condor: co'cóóniinii'éíhii na California condor
cone: sée3íbino' ni berries or cones of pine or juniper trees, scientific names Juniperus communis, Sabina spp., Pinus spp.
cone-shaped: 3ouu- pv cone-shaped, pointed; 3ouúyoo- vii to be cone-shaped, pointed; 3ouuyéíhi- vai to be cone-shaped, pointed
confused: neini'einoohowuu- vai to be dazzled, confused; noní3oxúuhéíhi- vai to have become lost or confused due to harassment; cee'ínonéíhi- vai to be strange, confused, mixed up
confusion: noonsóó' ni 1) chaos, 2) confusion, 3) mess, disorder; nónsoo' vii there is confusion, chaos, disorder
constipated: cóóne3éíh'i- vai to be constipated
consume: hotóóbe- vai to consume something, eat something up, gobble something up; hotóob- vta to consume s.o., gobble s.o. up
contact: béxoh- vta 1) to hit s.o., strike s.o., 2) to touch s.o., make contact with s.o.
container: ce'éíyoó ni 1) container, 2) paper bag; ce'éinóx ni container, can be used for e.g. a bag, box, luggage, purse, satchel, trunk; 3éíyoó ni container, cupboard, filing cabinet
continuative: nosóu- pv continue to do something, still, ongoing
continue: nosóu- pv continue to do something, still, ongoing
conversation: ciihóuut- vai to chat
converse: heenetí3etííb- vta to converse with s.o.
cook: hócoo3- vti to fry s.t., cook s.t. in a pan (usually meat); ko'youhu- vai to cook or boil something for oneself; sii'ihéíton- vta to put something in water (to cook or boil) for s.o.; sii'ihwó'oyei- vai to put something into a pot or kettle to cook or boil; bii3béé- vai to cook, prepare food; bii3woo3- vta cook s.o.; bii3wóót- vti cook s.t.; bii3wóúhu- vai to cook for oneself; hóókuu3- vta to cook for s.o. (non-ceremonially); bii3wóon- vta to cook for s.o. (usually ceremonially); hookóúhu- vai to cook something for oneself; bii3wóonéé- vai to have a meal cooked for one
cooked: hiisétee- vii 1) to be cooked, 2) to be ripe
cooked: hiiséteesi- vai 1) to be cooked, 2) to be ripe
cookie: nisíkocoonéhe' ni cookie
cool: toyoobéé- vii to be cool
coot: niibiiséébit na coot, mud duck
copperhead: niibe'e'eitsiisiiyei na copperhead snake
copy: nokó3ton- vta to copy s.o., imitate s.o.; 3óók3onóh- vti to copy s.t. (e.g. off a blackboard); wo3ónkuu3óó ni copy machine, Xerox machine
cork: hokóhoee ni cork, stopper
corn: hóó'etíí ni corn, scientific name Zea mays; béskootéé ni ear of corn
corpse: 3iik ni 1) corpse, 2) skeleton
corral: hooyéí'on- vta to circle or corral s.o. (e.g. a horse); cóoó' ni 1) corral, fence, 2) trap for game animals such as elk; ko'einoxóeyóo ni corral; nii3oxoeyóó ni 1) fence, 2) corrall
correct: bebíisííhi' adv properly, correctly; bebíí3enéíhi- vai to have been corrected, made proper; hi3oobéé- vii 1) to be correct, right, 2) to be true; hí3obeéé- vii to be correct, be saying something true; hí3oobéí- vai to be correct, say something true; bebíístoo- vai to act correctly
correctly: bebíis- pv properly, correctly
cotton: hicíínee ni fleece, wool, cotton
cottonmouth: wo'teensiisiiyei na water moccasin, cottonmouth
cottonwood: hohóót na 1) tree, 2) cottonwood tree, scientific name Populus deltoides; héé3neebés ni cottonwood, scientific name Populus deltoides; hohóótinbíiítino narrowleaf cottonwood, scientific name Populus angustifolia
couch: 3i'okuutoo ni furniture one sits on such as a chair, couch, seat
cougar: bexookeesóó na cougar cub, mountain lion cub; bexóókee na 1) cougar, mountain lion, 2) also extended to tiger
cough: cesíceiníbi- vai to cough; cesíceinó'oo- vai to cough; ceséceiní'oo- vai to cough; cesíceibínoo'óó- vai to start coughing
could: héíh- pv potential, could have, would have
could: héí- pv potential, could happen, could occur
count coup: tóunínoo3- vta to capture, defeat, or count coup on an enemy; tóunínee- vai 1) to count coup on an enemy, 2) to capture an enemy, 3) to defeat or kill an enemy
count: neyei3éí- vai 1) to count, 2) to read, 3) to study, go to school, be a student; neyéitíí- vti to read s.t., count s.t.; neyeih- vta to count s.o.
coup: tóunínee- vai 1) to count coup on an enemy, 2) to capture an enemy, 3) to defeat or kill an enemy
cover one's head: níí'eikúu3- vta to cover s.o.'s head
cover: niisén- vti 1) to wrap s.t., 2) to cover s.t. up; hokohóe ni 1) cover, 2) lid, 3) plug; hééce'éíci3- vta to cover s.o.'s head; kotoyóh- vti to cover s.t.
cow: biis na buffalo cow; nónooni na young buffalo cow, approximately 2-3 years old; níí3ouyóó na milker, milk cow; betebihóókec na old cow; wóókec na 1) cow, 2) (pl.) cattle, livestock
cowboy: touhóo na cowboy
coyote: koo'óh na coyote; koo'óhwuusóó na coyote puppy
crab: níískoséíhii na crab, lobster
crack: koxúnoo'oo- vii to be cracked or broken suddenly
cracked: koh'únoo'oo- vii to be cracked, split open; kóh'otí- vii to be cracked; kohe'éíhi- vai to be cracked; koho'éé' vii to be cracked, esp. cracked in half
cracker: 3óuxósi' ni cracker
cradleboard: héctoonohúút ni cradleboard
cramp: hiicíto'óó- vai to have cramps
crane: hité3oo na crane, especially a sandhill crane, heron, egret; hité3oo na crane, heron; hité3ounec na water drunk when breaking a fast during the Sun dance, according to Kroeber's "The Arapaho"
cranky: ciiní'einéétii- vai to be cranky
crawl: hoocéísee- vai to crawl or slither, e.g. a snake; yíh3okúsee- vai to crawl over to a distant place
crayfish: niice'nowo' na crayfish
Crazy Lodge: nookohóókee na a dancer of higher degree in the hohookoowu' dance; hohóokóowú' ni Crazy Lodge age-grade society
crazy: hohéis na 1) crazy person, foolish person, 2) senile person; hoheisííni- vai 1) to be foolish, be crazy, 2) to be senile; hohóókee na crazy person, foolish person; hohookééni- vai to be or act foolish, crazy, to disobey social norms and mores; neséíhiinóó- vii to be wild (in a pejorative sense), crazy
crazyweed: síísííyeibii3híít ni ?locoweed, ?crazyweed, scientific name Oxytrophis spp.
cricket: biihóúút na cricket
crier: nooxuneihii na announcer, crier
criss-cross: cebtóxotii- vai to lay things across one another, criss-cross
crocodile: hiincebíít na 1) water monster, 2) alligator, crocodile
crooked: céibííhi' adv 1) turned aside, to the side, 2) in a twisted manner, in a crooked manner
cross: nookóóx na 1) cross, 2) morning star; teesokéeekóni' vii cross a river on top (of ice) as a group; hooxuu- vai to cross something
Crow Dance: houunohowoot ni Crow Dance
crow: hóuu na 1) crow, 2) raven, 3) God, Man-Above
crowbar: bíínohooó ni 1) digging stick, 2) crowbar
crown: 3oo3oonei3e'ee ni the middle or crown of one's head
cruel: nó'o3óó- vii to be cruel, tough, very difficult to endure
crumble: 3o'únoo'óó- vii to be crumbling; 3o'únoo'óó- vai to be crumbling
crush: 3ó'owú'uwonee- vai to grind or crush berries; 3o'én- vti to crush s.t., grind s.t., mash s.t.; séyóúnob- vti to crush s.t. by hand, mash s.t., squeeze s.t.; 3ó'o'óótiinoon- vta to crush or smash a part of s.o.'s body; séyoun- vta to crush s.o. by hand, squash s.o., squeeze s.o.; 3o'én- vta to crush s.o.; séyou'ow- vti to crush s.t. by foot
cry: biiwóóhu- vai to cry, weep; hiini- vai (a dog, wolf, coyote) to cry, whimper, howl; bíxoyeinóóni- vii there are crying sounds
cub: woxuusóó na bear cub; bexookeesóó na cougar cub, mountain lion cub
cup: niisiickuuhu' ni collapsible cup made from the paunch of a buffalo; tóuyoo ni cup
cupboard: 3éíyoó ni container, cupboard, filing cabinet
cured: híínentééni- vai 1) to be well, cured from an ilness, 2) to be saved
curious: bééte'ín- vai to be curious, want to know
curly: bebee'éí- vai to have curly hair
curlycup gumweed: kóúhuyé'einóú'u ni (pl.) curlycup gumweed, scientific name Grindelia squarrosa
currant: ne'íbiis ni golden currant bush, scientific name Ribes aureum (bush) and possibly other Ribes spp.; ne'íbinó' ni (pl.) golden currant berries, scientific name Ribes aureum (berry) and possibly other Ribes spp.
curse: kóotéébinoo3- vta to curse s.o., swear at s.o.
curved: nóhousoo- vii to be curved
custom: heenéistóót ni ways, customs, habits, lifestyle
cut off: koho'eikuu3- vta to cut off s.o's head
cut open: ko'óe3ikuu3- vta to cut s.o. open; ko'óe3einee- vai to have been cut open, be lying cut open
cut: koxhóotéé- vii to be split off or cut away from; tebe'éís- vta to cut s.o.'s head off; tebe'éís- vti to cut someone's head off; tóne'eih- vta to cut or knock a hole in s.o.'s head; tébes- vta to cut s.o. off, saw s.o. off; wotío'óxoo' vii it has been cut off, trimmed away; ?noko3esiit ni cutting of the hair on one side; towonoxowoot ni cutting of the hair over the forehead; koxóx- vti to cut s.t. off, procure by cutting; tebéx- vti to cut s.t. off, saw s.t.; ko'óx- vti to cut s.t. with a knife or scissors
cute: noníí exclamation how cute!
damn: hókoun- vii to be dammed
damp: hítoyóó- vii to be damp, moist; híteyéíhi- vai to be damp; hitoo'oo- vii to be damp
dance: nóókohwóót ni rabbit dance; kóutohséinohwóót ni round dance; hoséíhiinohwóót ni 1) Sun Dance Lodge, 2) dance performed during Sun Dance; hooxéíhiinéniinohwóót ni Wolf Dance, Pawnee Dance; betéeeh- vta 1) to make s.o. dance, 2) to have a dance for s.o.; betóootnóó- vii (a dance) to occur; betóoot ni dance; cé3ohwóó- vai to begin dancing; betéee- vai to dance; betóooh- vta to make s.o. dance
dancer: betéíhii na dancer
dangerous: noxóónoo- vii 1) to be near the edge, pushing the margins, 2) to be dangerous; néstoonootéíhi- vai to be dangerous; néstoonoo3óó- vii to be dangerous; néstoonóó- vii to be dangerous; nóxoownóó- vii to be dangerous; néstoonoo3óó- vii to be very dangerous
dare: honóoyóó don't you dare!
dark: wo'teen- pv 1) black, 2) dark; bíh'iyóó- vii to be dark; bíh'iyóóni- vii to be dark; bih'inóotéé- vii to be dark in camp; bih'inóú'oo- vii to get dark
daughter in law: néeséb na-dep daughter in law (1 poss.)
daughter: notóóne na-dep daughter (1 poss); hitoone- vai to have a daughter
dawn: seyéinoh'óóke- vii to be just before dawn, before it gets light; noho'óó- vii to dawn, be dawn
day: hesteísi' ni a hot day; híísiinííhi' adv 1) during the day, 2) in a day's time, 3) as if it were daytime; híísiini- vii to be day, daytime; híísi' ni day; heeyowúúsi' adv every day; yéiníiis ni four days; cisíiisí' vii something takes a certain number of days, is done for a certain number of days; niisíiis ni two days
daylight: nóóke- vii to be daylight, morning; nookéni- vii to be daylight, morning
daytime: híísiinííhi' adv 1) during the day, 2) in a day's time, 3) as if it were daytime; híísiini- vii to be day, daytime; noh'óóke- vii to be light outside, be daytime
dazzled: neini'einoohowuu- vai to be dazzled, confused
deaf: heeneyeicitéé- vai to be deaf and mute
decay: 3o'oxousi- vii to be decaying (e.g. a tree); woxúse- vii to be bad, decaying (e.g. flesh) rancid, rotten, spoiled; hoxúse- vii to be decaying (e.g. meat), rotten
deceitful: néhtonítoo- vai to act in a tricky or deceitful manner, do something tricky or deceitful; néhtonéíhi- vai to be tricky, deceitful
deceive: néhtoníh- vta to deceive s.o., cheat s.o.
December: honou3éíniisíís ni December; 3óó3ooncécniisíís ni December
decrease: nííwo'óó- vii to decrease; nííwo'óó- vai to decrease
deep: ceyoxesnóó- vii the mud is deep; tébi- vii 1) to be deep (e.g. water, snow), 2) to be full; tebiiínoo' vii [snow] is deep; tebiiíneeci' vii (snow) is deep
deer: hé3owoonéíhii na white-tailed deer; bih'ío ni deer hide; bíh'ih na deer, mule deer
defeat: tóunínoo3- vta to capture, defeat, or count coup on an enemy; hiixóówo'on- vta 1) to make s.o. move away, drive s.o. off, 2) to defeat s.o.; hóó3onih- vta to resist s.o., defeat s.o.; tóunínee- vai 1) to count coup on an enemy, 2) to capture an enemy, 3) to defeat or kill an enemy; bíí'owoo3- vta to defeat s.o., especially in battle
delicate: ciinówouhú- vai 1) to be delicate, 2) to be touchy; ciinówóuhuunóó- vii to be delicate; ciinówóuhuunóó- vii to be delicate
deliver: no'úxoh- vta to deliver s.o.; no'úxotíí- vti to deliver s.t.
delouse: hi3ooxuh- vta to delouse s.o., pick lice from s.o.'s hair
demand: nihi'nééton- vta 1) to demand s.t. of s.o., 2) to force s.o. to do something, insist that s.o. do something
demolish: 3óú'uuníítii- vti to demolish s.t.
den: cese'eihiinokoy ni den
denim: bee3o'óoó' ni canvas, denim or other stiff, densely woven cloth
Denver: niinéniiniicíihéhe' placename 1) Unknown place in central Wyoming , 2) Denver and the South Platte River in Colorado
depart: ce3éí'oo- vai to set out, set off, depart
depend on: nó'o3éé'eenebéíhi- vai to be depended on greatly
dependable: hííxonoh'oehííni- vai 1) to be mature, grown up, 2) to be reliable, dependable; ho3í'eenebéíhi- vai to be thought of as a person who can be asked to do something, be thought of as dependable
depict: wo3onísi- vii to be depicted representationally (e.g. engraved, carved, incised, drawn)
descend: yih3oonínoo'oo- vai to descend quickly towards down there
deteriorating: hetebínouhuunóó- vii 1) to be in poor condition , 2) to be deteriorating
devil: hóócoo na devil, Satan; woséii na devil
Devil's Tower: wox niiinon placename Devil's Tower, a national monument in Wyoming
devour: hóótowkuu3- vta to devour s.o.; hótoowkuu3- vta 1) to swallow s.o., 2) to devour s.o. (anim. obj.); hótoowkuutíí- vai 1) to swallow something, 2) to devour something
dew: híítoyóó' ni 1) moisture, 2) dew
diaper powder: biihí3ii ni 1) buffalo chips, 2) diaper powder made from dried buffalo chips
diaper: tóu'cihíít ni diaper
diarrhea: hesotóot ni diarrhea; 3í'iinoo'ó- vai to have diarrhea; hesótee- vai to have diarrhea
dice: to'se3oo ni die (as in dice)
die: to'se3oo ni die (as in dice); cetó'oo- vai to be dying, about to die; yoohoot- vai to die; necénoo'oo- vai to die suddenly, be struck dead
different: kóxuunííhi' adv 1) something else, a different one, 2) somewhere else; kóxuu- pv another, alternative, different; cei'ísoo' vii 1) to be separate, set apart, 2) to be different; cé'eséíhi- vai 1) to be different, 2) to be diverse, of various types; cé'esííhi' adv 1) different, 2) diverse, various; cé'eis- pv different, various; cése'éíhi- vai to be different; cé'esóóni- vii to be different
difficult: hónouuneenóó- vii to be difficult; houneenóó- vii to be difficult; hóuuneenóó- vii to be difficult
difficulty: nó'oxúuhetí- vai to get oneself to a place by hard work, with difficulty
dig up: biscitíí- vai 1) to dig up, uncover, 2) to recover or revive something
dig: tonooxóhei- vai to dig a hole; nóoxcítii- vai to dig a hole with hands or feet; tóno'wúúhee- vai to dig a hole in the ground; nooxóhei- vai to dig, especially a hole; kóxoh- vta to dig for s.o.; koxóhei- vai to dig for something, esp. roots; nooxóh- vti to dig s.t. (e.g. a hole)
digging stick: bíínohooó ni 1) digging stick, 2) crowbar
dip: nookóhowoo- vai to dip something up for oneself
dipper: seskóuutówuu'éíhii na dipper (bird); seskouutíínii'éíhii na dipper (bird)
direct: xóuuw- pv 1) straight, straightly, 2) direct, directly
direction: 3ebííhi' adv in that direction
directional: neh- pv directional, away from the speaker and towards addressee, from here to there; cih- pv directional, towards speaker
directly: beeyóó particle 1) perfect, just right, right on!, 2) directly
dirt: ho' ni dirt
dirty: wotóxoobéíhi- vai 1) to be dirty, filthy, 2) to be unkempt; nóótoxéíhi- vai to be filthy; wotóxoobee- vii to be filthy; hoxesííni- vai to be muddy, dirty; wóówoséí- vai to use filthy language, to talk dirty; ho'úúni- vai to be dirty, be dusty; sóo3óó- vii to be dirty; sóotéíhi- vai to be dirty, messy
disappear: hinowúsee- vai to walk out of sight below a surface, disappear into the ground, dive into water; hííyoohóú' vii 1) to be nothing, for there to be none of something, 2) to disappear, vanish; híyoohootínoo'oo- vai to disappear suddenly, be absent, vanish; hinowkóóhu- vai to disappear from view below ground or water
discharge: bíísii'oot ni 1) leak, 2) discharge
discover: híico'óóton- vta to find s.o., discover s.o. in hiding; bii'íítii- vai to find something, discover something; bíí'eenéét- vti to discover s.t. abstract such as knowledge or information
discuss: kokoh'óuutíín- vai to discuss
disease: hesówobeihíít ni illness, sickness, disease
dish towel: hehíyoó ni something you wipe with, e.g. a towel, rag, tissue
disk: 3o'óóbe'éiyoó ni disk (farming implement)
dismount: hoowúhcehí- vai to jump off, get down or go down quickly, dismount
disorder: nónsoo' vii there is confusion, chaos, disorder
disseminated: nih'éiseenóó- vii to be spread, disseminated
dissuade: totoub- vta 1) to dissuade s.o., to talk s.o. out of something, 2) to rebuke s.o., scold s.o., correct s.o.
distribute: cee'én- vti to distribute s.t., pass s.t. out; cee'ín- vti to distribute s.t., hand s.t. out
ditch: koho'ówu' ni 1) gully, ditch, ravine, gulch, 2) small stream; koho'wúúni' vii there is a gully, ditch or small stream there; kóh'owúúni' vii there is a gully, ditch, small stream there
dive: sii'eihcénoo'óó- vai to jump into water, dive in to water
diverse: cé'eséíhi- vai 1) to be different, 2) to be diverse, of various types
divide: koh'én- vti to divide s.t., split s.t.
divided: níh'einowóótiini' vii something has been split up, something has been divided up among people, scattered among people
divorce: kóuten- vta 1) to divorce s.o., 2) to get rid of s.o.
dizzy: néíni'éí- vai to be dizzy
do: ni'ítoo- vai 1) to do something well, 2) to be able to do something; níístii- vai 1) to do something (independent clause), 2) to make something; níístoo- vai 1) to do something (independent clause), 2) what someone is doing (relative clause); tóó- vai to do; hístoo- vai to do; nee'eestoo- vai to do something like that, do thusly; heestoo- vai what someone does, how someone does something (relative)
doctor: notónihéíhii na medicine man, doctor, physician; notónih- vta to doctor s.o.
doctoring: nótonohein- pv medicine, doctoring
Dog Lodge: hé3owoowú' ni Dog Lodge age-grade society
dog: hoteiné3 na sheepdog; he3 na dog
dogwood: 3ííkoníbino' ni 1) (pl.) snowberries, scientific name Symphoricarpos spp. (berries), 2) (pl.) dogwood berries, Swida sericea (berries); nóhko3on ni bark of the dogwood, scientific name Swida sericea (bark); bo'óóceibiis ni dogwood, scientific name Swida sericea
doll: béí'iisóó ni doll; neeníítoo na old-fashioned Indian doll made of buckskin
dollar: heebe3bei'ci3e' ni a dollar
domesticate: hinénto'ohúú3ton- vta to make an animal used to the presence of people, domesticate an animal
done: híístii- vai to be done, be finished doing something
donkey: bih'ihiihoox na 1) mule, donkey, 2) horned toad, horned lizard
don't: ceebéh- pv prohibitive, "don't!"
door: tecénoo na, ni door, gate
doorway: tecenóóne' ni doorway, area around the door
dough: nii3óxesnóuyóó ni dough
dove: bííteih'íí na 1) pigeon, 2) dove
down in the brush: noowúukóó- vii to be down in the brush
down there: 3ebóowúúhu' adv down there
down: nókowúúhu' particle down here, at the bottom; 3oonííhi' adv 1) below, less, in the middle, 2) at the summit (as of someone's head, or the course of the sun); ceenííhi' adv down, under; noowúúhu' adv 1) down, downward , 2) South, used especially to refer to Oklahoma by Northern Arapahos; noow- pv down; cenííhi' adv down, downwards; hoowúúhu' adv down, downwards
downriver: hoowúnii'ou'oo- vai float downriver; hoowúniihííhi' adv downriver, downstream, down along a river
drag: cíitóo'ohú' vii it has been dragged inside a place; hitoo3íb- vta to drag s.o.; hitoo3íítii- vai to drag something
dragonfly: cíí'owoyéíhii na dragonfly
draw: wo3onóh- vti to draw s.t., write s.t.; wo3onóhei- vai to draw, write; wo3ónoh- vta to draw s.o.
dream: kónee- vai to dream; woxkónee- vai to have a bad dream
dress: híseinbiixúút ni dress, skirt; biixúút ni 1) shirt, blouse, 2) dress; cehcínouhu- vai to dress differently (from other people); cíítehéé3ei- vai to get dressed; hiseinbiixuut ni woman's dress
drill: toncítii- vai to drill a hole
drink: benéét ni drink; béne- vai to drink; benii3ít- vti to drink s.t.; nííhonokóóyei- vai to go for a long time without drinking
drip: cénii'oo- vii 1) to drip, 2) to leak; wóhnii'oo- vii to be dripping (in several places)
drive: hiixóówo'on- vta 1) to make s.o. move away, drive s.o. off, 2) to defeat s.o.; nóó'eiyéí- vai to drive (a car)
drizzle: hooyeinoosoo- vii (rain) to be drizzling; ní'oonóóyeinoosóó- vii to be drizzling
drop: censénee' vii it has fallen down, dropped down; censénini- vii it has fallen down, dropped down; césin- vta to drop s.o.; cesín- vti to drop s.t.
drown: neetebi- vai 1) to get tired of swimming, 2) to drown
drowsy: nowóne- vai to be drowsy, sleepy
drum: hóho'yóóxuunó'eiihi' na peyote drum; woteiho'yeinoo ni beating drum; hó'éií na drum; biitoheinó'éií na drum for the Spear Dance; héébetó'eii na large drum, as is used at a Pow Wow; wóteihó'yei- vai to drum
drumstick: wóteihó'oyóó ni drumstick
drunk: nonsíh'ebí- vai to be drunk
dry: hííxoo'éé- vii to be dry; hííxoo'óóni- vii to be dry; hííxoo'óó- vai to be dry, dry up
dubitative: he'íí- pv dubitatave, it is doubful that; he'- pv dubitative, narrative past tense
duck: síísiikó' na duck; síísiic na duck; céneníhcehí- vai to duck
dull: hoowtoxu'óó- vii 1) to be blunt , 2) to be dull
dung: biihí3 ni manure, dung, animal excrement
dust: koo'óúúte- vii to be dusty
dusty: ho'úúni- vai to be dirty, be dusty; koo'óúú3oo- vii to be dusty
dwarf child: hecesiiteihíísoo na dwarf child
dwarf: hecesiitéíhii na dwarf, little person
dwelling: hi'íyeih'i- vai to have a dwelling place, have a home
each: hééyow- pv 1) every, 2) each; hééyowúúhu' adv 1) every, 2) each; hité3eicííhi' adv each one
eager: sesííhi- vai to be eager
eagle cloud: níí'eheinó'etí- vii to be an eagle cloud or thunder cloud; nii'éíhiinó'et ni eagle cloud, thunder cloud
eagle: nii'éíhii na 1) bird, 2) eagle; nii'ehííni- vai to be a bird, be an eagle; nooke'éibeh'éí na bald eagle; héétese'éit na bald eagle; biihtése'éít na bald eagle; nii'ehííhi' adv having to do with eagles or birds; heebé3ii'éíhii na 1) big eagle, big bird, 2) golden eagle; hiinookó3onit na golden eagle; wo'téénii'éíhii na 1) a term used for several kinds of black or dark birds, including a black eagle (a young bald eagle), winter bird, dark-eyed junco, grackle, 2) a female personal name
eagle-like: níí'ehiinííhi' adv in a bird-like or eagle-like manner
ear: wonotóno' ni-dep 1) ear, 2) tepee flap; béebeesétee- vai to have big ears
early: tesnohkúseic particle very early in the morning
earnest: kokónoo'obéíhi- vai to be earnest
earring: céítoo ni earring
earth: bííto'ówu' ni 1) earth, ground, land, 2) sometimes extended to mean 'floor'; hee3ei'oo' ni the Earth
east: cénohó' ni east; níítbisíseet na the east
eat: hotóóbe- vai to consume something, eat something up, gobble something up; hóótowkuu3- vta to devour s.o.; besoonobéé- vai to eat raw meat; bííbinee- vai to eat berries (usually straight from the bush); bii3íhi- vai to eat; biin- vta to eat s.o.; bii3- vti to eat s.t.; bíí3i- vai to eat something specific; nonibíí3i- vai to eat something wrongly, eat something forbidden
eclipse: hiinousee- vai (the sun or moon) to eclipse; hiinóusee- vii to be an eclipse
edible: bíí3ib ni food, something edible; biinéíhiinóó- vii to be edible, generally eaten
effort: neyéi3ííhi' adv by trying, with effort; níh'oowóóhu- vai to do something which requires a great deal of effort
egg: noon ni egg
egret: kookóósoonéíhii na 1) heron, egret, 2) also perhaps curlew, slough bird, rail or other birds with long, thin legs; wo'óúhuu na heron, egret; hité3oo na crane, especially a sandhill crane, heron, egret
eight hundred: néésootox béteetósoo' pc eight hundred
eight: néésootox num eight; néésootoxénení'i vii (pl.) to be eight in number
eighteen: néésootóxuuni' pc eighteen
eighty: néésootósoo' pc eighty
elated: ni'ouubéíhi- vai to be elated, high, intoxicated
elbow: bétison ni-dep elbow
elder: béésnenítee na elder, old person
elderberries: kokúyono ni elderberries, scientific name Sambucus coerulea, possibly Sambucus microbotrys
elephant: honookowuubeet na elephant
elevated: hóuu3íne- vai 1) to be hanging or hung in a place, 2) to be in an elevated position
Elk Mountain: Wó'teenótoyóó' placename Elk Mountain, WY
elk: hiwóxuu na elk; hóóxeehíwox na male elk, elk bull
else: kóxuunííhi' adv 1) something else, a different one, 2) somewhere else
embarass: teyéíh- vta to embarass s.o.
embrace: he'ííten- vta to embrace s.o., hug s.o.; hónowounóúhu- vai to embrace one another; hónowoo3- vta to embrace s.o.
emphatic: heh- pv emphatic
empty: niicisóó- vii to be empty, hollow; niiciseih- vii to be empty, hollow
encircle: noo'óeenííkohéí- vai to ride around s.t., encircle s.t.
enclose: nii3oxóen- vta to enclose s.o. in a fenced area
end: nee'éi'ísi- vii that is how it ends
enemy: coox na enemy
enjoy: hówoo3ítoo- vai to enjoy
enough: nee'éétox particle enough; nehínee particle that's enough!; néé'eetoxtóowóóhu- vai to do something enough, do something enough times; néé'eetoxtóowóoti- vai to do something enough, do something enough times
enter: hoo'éícii3íhcehí- vai to run in to a place as a group, to enter rapidly as a group
enter: cíi3íhcehí- vai to enter rapidly, to run in to a structure; cíítei- vai to enter, come in; cíítei'on- vta to enter into s.o.'s presence
entirely: behííhi' adv all, entirely, as a whole
entrails: 3oox ni entrails, guts, intestines, bowels
envy: noxóxh- vta to envy s.o.; noxoxeihi- vai to be envious
equipment: ciiyoonó ni 1) (pl.) equipment, kit, gear, 2) belongings
erect: xoubeekúú- vai 1) to be erect, 2) stand straight, upright; xoubeekúú- vii to be erect, stand upright
error: nóntoot ni error, mistake
escape: koyíh'ohú- vai 1) to fly away, 2) to escape by flying; césiikúhnee- vai to get away, escape
establish a rule: hooxúwutíí- vai to establish rules about something
et cetera: heenéí'isííhi' adv 1) various kinds, 2) and so forth, and similarly, et cetera, 3) ones like that
Ethete: koonóutoséií' ni Ethete (placename)
even: howóó particle also, even; cectoyoo- vii 1) to be even, 2) to be level; tótoos proclitic even, even if, not even
evening: hi3óú'uunííhi' adv evening; hi3óú'oo- vii to be evening; hi3ou'uuni- vii to be evening; hi3óú'oo- vii to be evening
every: hééyow- pv 1) every, 2) each; hééyowúúhu' adv 1) every, 2) each
everyone: beisííhi' adv 1) all, entirely, completely, 2) everyone; boh- pv all, everyone
everything: kónohúúhu' adv 1) all, everything, 2) most, majority; heeyóúhuu ni 1) thing, 2) stuff, 3) something, anything; behííhi ni everything; bíseenéíhi' adv everything
evidential: wot- proclitic evidential, indicating non-verifiability, 'I guess it is so,' 'they say it is so'
evil: ciiwóhoonéíhi- vai to be evil
examine: kóóko'óúhu- vai to examine s.o.; kokóúh'utíí- vai to examine something carefully
excessively: hoowúh- pv too much, too many, excessively
exchange: hooxóebíínetí- vai to trade, exchange things; hóóxohóenííhi' adv in return, in response, in exchange; hóóxee- pv in exchange, in response, in return; hotóonóó3etí- vai 1) to exchange things among one another, 2) to support one another; hóóxoentéesísee- vai to exchange a horse; hooxóeen- vti to exchange s.t.
exclamation: 'osteihoo exclamation exclamation made when something bad happens, when something is not right, "I could have done better!"
excrement: biihí3 ni manure, dung, animal excrement; bee ni excrement, feces
exhause: nóó'oenííhiineetó'osíbetí- vai to exhaust oneself by running around a place
expect: no'óeneb- vta to expect s.o.
expensive: nóótoúh'u- vii to be expensive
extend: cowóotéé- vii to be laid out, extend along a certain direction, lead in a certain way
extra: ceníí'iisíse' ni leftover, something extra
extremely: hóuunée- pv really, extremely, the most
eye: besíiíse' ni-dep eye
eyeglasses: bei'ci3ééyookuu ni eyeglasses, glasses
eyesight: nesookú- vai to see well, have good eyesight
face: héési'éí'oo- vai 1) to make faces, 2) to frown; wówe'éí- vai 1) to have a wrinkled face, 2) to have a face that is out of shape; nóókooto'n- vta to be facing s.o., opposite s.o.; betóóxebíó' ni-dep face; néénéiitó'- vta to face s.o.; yii3é'eekuunóón- vta to face s.o.; toowú'ei- vai to have a broad, flat face; 3owe'ei- vai to have a broken face, a face that is misshapen from a fight or injury
fade: nookétee- vii to be faded
fairly: cííno'on- pv fairly, rather, intensifier
fake: ceyótow- pv false, fake
falcon: hééyei na hawk, falcon, swifthawk
fall asleep: nokohúúnoo'oo- vai to fall asleep
fall on: teesíko'ós- vai to fall on top of something and hit it
fall: céénkoo' ni 1) fall, autumn, 2) October; tóóyouni- vii to be fall, autumn; censénee' vii it has fallen down, dropped down; censénini- vii it has fallen down, dropped down; censíne- vai 1) to fall down, 2) to be born; ceníse' vii it has fallen down, fallen out; cenís- vai to fall; ce'síne- vai to fall back down
false: ceyótow- pv false, fake; ceyótobee- vii to be false
familiar: néhtiihí- vii to be known, recognized, familiar
famine: hésnóót ni 1) hunger, 2) famine; hesnóótiini' vii there is hunger, there is famine; heesnootííni' ni famine
fancy: hoosóó- vii to be fancy; hoosóó- vii to be fancy
far away: beebei'ón particle far away, way over there; ciixóotéé- vii 1) to be far away, 2) to be long ago, from long ago; ciisííhi' adv far away; nó'oo' particle far away from the camp circle; ciixóku- vai to be far away; ciixootéé- vii to be far away
far: ciis- pv 1) far in distance, 2) long in time; beexéhceníín- pv a little farther away from the speaker; héí'ii'ííhi' adv as far as, up to a particular point; ciinó'onícisííhi' adv fairly far; céniisííni particle far; cíisíniihííhi' adv far along (e.g. a path, stream); ciiskóx3ííhi' adv far on the other side of a hill or mountain, far over the top of a hill or mountain; ciixó'obéé- vii places are far apart, it is far from place to place; céniixóotéé- vii to be far
farm: ciinóuu- vai to farm
farmer: ciinóúhuu na farmer
fart: cééti- vai to fart, break wind, pass gas
farther: wo'wúúhu' adv farther along
fast: betéésibí- vai to go on a vision quest and fast; nih'inéésee- vai to walk fast; nokóóyeiníiitowóót- vti to ask for s.t. through the process of fasting; hésiinootéíhi- vai 1) to be fast, have fast reflexes, 2) to be reckless; nokóóyei- vai 1) to fast ritually, 2) to be thirsty; neehéíso'óó- vai to be equally fast; héso'óó- vai to be fast (especially in running)
fasten: noto'óh- vti to fasten s.t.
fasting: nokooyóót ni fasting
fat: woxniinen ni bear fat; níinén ni fat, lard, tallow; kooxceiít na a fat person or animal; kooxcééyoti' ni fat; kooxcéií- vai to be fat; koxceií- vai to be fat
father in law: nesí3ee na-dep my father in law
father: neisónoo na-dep my father, my uncle
favor: hííxonih- vta 1) to be useful to s.o., 2) to do s.o. a favor; ho3í'eeb- vta to ask s.o. a favor, ask s.o. to do something; ho3í'eebee- vai to be asked a favor, be asked to do something; niiyeih- vta to do s.o. a favor
fear: híis- vta to be afraid of s.o., fear s.o.; tiit- vti to be afraid of s.t., fear s.t.
feather: hiisíítookoxúúnee vai to earn a feather, as a symbol of a brave deed; bíií na feather, plume; nííxookúúnee- vai to be wearing one feather, have one feather on one's head; níítootoxúúnee- vai to be wearing six feathers, have six feathers on one's head; níísookúúnee- vai to be wearing two feathers, have two feathers on one's head; hítookooxúúnee- vai to earn a feather (through a brave deed); nóóko3óni' ni white tail feather of an eagle
February: heneene3ebeihit na February
feces: bee ni excrement, feces
fed up: cíísibih-- vta to make someone frustrated or fed up
feeble: hetebínouhúúni- vai 1) to be pitiful, 2) to be feeble, 3) to be poor; hoowtei'éíhi- vai-NEG to be feeble
feed: hoxób- vta to feed s.o.; bíí3ihiin- vta to give s.o. food, provide s.o. with food, feed s.o.
feel bad: woxóuubéíhi- vai to feel bad
feel right: ni'óxon- vta to make s.o. feel right, cause s.o. to feel right
feel: notii3ín- vta to grope around for s.o., to feel around for s.o.; notii3ín- vti to grope around for s.t., to feel around for s.t.; biisíh- vta to feel s.o.; biistii- vti to feel s.t.; biisí3- vti to feel s.t.
female: hóxehísei na female animale
fence: coowooceiise' ni 1) wire, 2) fence made from wire; cóoó' ni 1) corral, fence, 2) trap for game animals such as elk; 3í'ookuu3óó ni fence post; nii3oxoeyéí- vai to build a fence, repair a fence; nii3oxoeyóó ni 1) fence, 2) corrall; nookoxóeén- vti to fence off an area with willows
ferret: coo3oniiseihon na black-footed ferret
fetch water: nookohéí'i- vai to fetch water, get water
fetch: no3- vta to fetch s.o., seize or grab s.o.
fever: hesxóúh'u- vai to have a fever, to be feverish, to be hot; hesxúhu'í- vai to have a fever
few: beenihéhe' particle a little bit, few
field sagewort: ciwoniinóókhoosé' field sagewort, wormwood, scientific name Artemisia campestris
field: hee3éí'oxóeení' ni field
fifteen: yoo3óniiní- vai fifteen (an.); yoo3óniini' vii fifteen (inan.)
fifth: yóó3oní'owoo- vai 1) to do something five times, 2) to be the fifth one; yoo3oyó'owoo- vii to be fifth; yoo3oyó'owoo- vai to be fifth
fifty: yóó3oyoo' vii fifty
fight: bóó3etíít ni fighting, war, battle; bóó3etí- vii there is a fight, there is a battle; bóó3etí- vai to fight with one another, do battle; bóó'ei- vai to fight
figure out: téceenéét- vti to guess s.t., try to figure s.t. out, calculate s.t. in one's mind
filing cabinet: 3éíyoó ni container, cupboard, filing cabinet
fill: notóóbe'éítii- vai to fill a hole; hiixóóko- vta to fill a pipe; hííxoxónoh- vta to fill s.o.; hííxoxónotíí- vti to fill s.t.
film: ce'ískuu3óó ni 1) film, movie, 2) equipment that displays a film or movie such as a projector or television
filthy: wotóxoobéíhi- vai 1) to be dirty, filthy, 2) to be unkempt; nóótoxéíhi- vai to be filthy; wotóxoobee- vii to be filthy; wóówoséí- vai to use filthy language, to talk dirty
finally: hohkónee particle finally
finch: hiitesiteebi na house finch
find: bii'íítii- vai to find something, discover something; híico'óóton- vta to find s.o., discover s.o. in hiding; bíí'iih- vta to find s.o.; bíí'iin- vta to find s.o.; bii'ín- vti to find s.t.
fine: hih'óó particle okay, all right, fine; ni'iiní- vii that's fine, it's ok, it's good
finger: 3ííhoho ni forefinger; ne3éé3oo ni-dep finger (1 poss.); hecés3ee3oo ni little finger, pinky
finish: híístii- vai to be done, be finished doing something; nóhohoobée3too- vai to hurry up and finish doing something; bee3- pv completative, finish; béetó'oo- vii 1) to be finished, over, done with, 2) to pass away, 3) to run out, disappear; béé3tii- vai to complete something, finish something; bée3too- vai to finish doing something
finished: bee3ííhi' adv 1) finished, 2) gone; bee3iiníse- vii to be finished, over
fir: nii'ibóoóti' ni spruce or fir tree, scientific names Abies bifolia, Picea engelmannii, Pseudostuga menziesii; hibóoótí' ni Rocky Mountin fir tree, scientific name Abies bifolia, possibly other Abies spp.
fire carrier: wotitoneihii ni fire carrier , fire starter
fire chief: hisíteenéécee na fire chief
fire: cóboo- vai to shoot, fire a shot; coocóboo- vai to shoot repeatedly, fire repeated shots; wótitonéé- vai to start a fire; cé3e3ééyei- vai to start a fire, get a fire started; hesítee ni 1) fire, 2) furnace, heater, stove; kohóóxoe' vii there is a fire; coone3ééyei- vai to be unable to get a fire going; wotikuu3- vta to put s.o. into a fire
firefly: noh'óeseihíhi' na firefly
firewood: béxo ni (pl.) firewood
first: niitówo'oo- vai to be first, be in the lead; níítobéeé- vai to be first in line, go first, lead; nííto' particle first; níítobe'einííhi' adv first; neniitówun pc first of all; níítowo'éinííhi' adv the first way, the first type; níítowootéé- vii to be first; níitobeekúú- vai to stand ahead, be first
fish: nówo' na fish; neb na fish; nóyei- vai to fish
fisher(man): noyéíhii na fisher(man)
fishhook: noyóót na 1) rainbow, 2) fishhook, fishing gear, 3) ?trap
fist: co'ohóe- vai to make a fist
fit: teekó'- vti 1) to fit s.t. (e.g. clothes), 2) to be ready or suited for s.t. (e.g. a power); téi'einóehi- vai to be strong, physically fit; ní'einóehi- vai to be fit
five: yóó3oní'owoo- vai 1) to do something five times, 2) to be the fifth one; yoo3ón num five; yóó3oní- vai to be five in number
fix up: bebíi3en- vta to fix up or repair s.o.; bebíi3en- vti to fix up or repair s.t.
fix: hoxoyóót- vti 1) to stitch s.t., sew s.t., 2) to mend s.t., 3) to fix s.t.; bebíistíí- vai 1) to fix something, repair something, 2) to do something correctly
flag: niiwohóe ni flag
flame up: kohké3ee- vii to be flaming up
flame: co'ouuté3ee- vii to be flaming high
flap: nih'oowkúútii- vai to twitch, move or flap (e.g. one's ears)
Flat Pipe: se'eicooo ni Flat Pipe
flat: seenéíhi- vai 1) to be soft, 2) (a tire) to be flat; se'eihtee- vai 1) to have flat feet, 2) to have webbed feet; se'éé- vii to be flat; se'éíhi- vai to be flat; só'ootéé- vii to be flat, arranged in a flat way, lie flat; hí3o'obéé- vii to be flat ground
Flathead: kookéé'eit na Flathead
flatiron: bé3e'xóh'oe ni flatiron, iron
flea: betéi na flea
flee: nonííkuhnee- vai to flee and hide, be chased away into hiding; tókohú- vai to flee, to run away; nóótesei'i- vai to flee in fright, to run away in fright
fleece: hicíínee ni fleece, wool, cotton
flesh: 3ebéx ni flesh, meat scraped from a hide
flicker: beetéibétee na flicker
flint: wóosóó3 ni arrowhead, flint
float: hoowúnii'ou'oo- vai float downriver; cówou'oo- vii to float, sail; ce3í3ou'óó- vai 1) to float away, 2) to begin to float; no'ou'oo- vai to arrive by floating, float to a place; nínou'oo- vii to float; cówou'oo- vai to float; céitou'óó- vai to float towards the speaker
flood: noo'únoo'oo' ni flood
flour: 3o'ohóeeno ni 1) flour, 2) wheat
flow: cebínoo'oo- vii (water) to flow by, run by, pass by; ko'usé' vii 1) it lies a certain way, 2) it flows a certain way; cówoowo'óó- vii to flow (as in water); cesínoo'óó' vii (water) has begun flowing; hoowúno'oo' vii (water) is flowing downstream; xouuwúno'oo- (water) to flow straight
flower: cee'esé'einóó' ni flower; be'éíyoo' ni little white flat-top flower
flute: níitóuu3óó ni 1) whistle, 2) flute, 3) bugle
fly away: koyíh'ohú- vai 1) to fly away, 2) to escape by flying; wotíh'ohu- vai to fly away; koyíh'ohukóóhu- vai to fly away and escape rapidly; nohkcésisíh'ohu- vai to fly away with something, fly away while holding something; nohkúhcíh'ohú- vai to fly up and away with something
fly brush: kouteso'owoot ni fly brush (made from the tail of a buffalo); noonoeseihoo ni fly brush (made from the tail of a buffalo)
fly in circles: nóononóó'ootii- vai to fly in circles around a thing or place, to soar in circles around a thing or place; nóononóó'ooton- vta to fly in circles around s.o., to soar in circles around s.o.; nóononóó'oo- vai to fly in circles, to soar in circles (e.g. a bird); nóonono'oeníh'ohúút- vti to fly or soar in a circular direction around some thing or place; nóononoo'íh'ohúút- vti to fly or soar in circles about s.t.
fly: nééyeiníh'ohu- vai to fly close by, to approach by flying; cesisíh'ohú- vai to fly away; césisíh'ohu- vai 1) to begin to fly, 2) to begin to fly away; nóúbee na fly; hiiníh'ohu- vai to fly around, fly about; cebíh'ohu- vai to fly by; hoowúh'ohú- vai to fly down; hoowúh'ohúukóóhu- vai to fly down quickly; hesíineeníh'ohú- vai to fly rapidly; hihcíh'ohú- vai to fly up
foam: ciitéé ni foam
fog: be'énoo ni 1) fog, 2) turtle; be'enóuni- vii to be foggy
fold: niisíítoon- vti 1) to fold s.t., 2) to roll a cigarette; niisíítooyei- vai 1) to fold something, 2) to roll a cigarette
follow along: niihó'- vti to stay close by something, to follow along something (e.g. a river, when traveling); niihó'ob- vta to stay close to s.o., to follow along with s.o.; níího'ohon- vta to follow alongside s.o.
follow: to3íh- vta to follow s.o., stay close to s.o.; 3óókuh- vta 1) to follow s.o., 2) track s.o., trail s.o.; 3ookútii- vai to follow, most often figuratively; to3itii- vai to follow something (e.g. a course, a road, a river); 3ookúsee- vai to follow, walk behind
follower: 3ookú3eihii na follower
food: bíí3ib ni food, something edible; bíí3hiit ni food, things to eat, what one eats
fool: hoohóókee na fool, foolish person
foolish: hohéis na 1) crazy person, foolish person, 2) senile person; hoheisííni- vai 1) to be foolish, be crazy, 2) to be senile; hohóókee na crazy person, foolish person; hohookééni- vai to be or act foolish, crazy, to disobey social norms and mores
foot: beeseihtee- vai to have big feet; wó'oo3 ni-dep foot, leg
force: nihi'nééton- vta 1) to demand s.t. of s.o., 2) to force s.o. to do something, insist that s.o. do something; nihi'in- vta to insist that s.o. do something, force s.o. to do something; too'enowuun- vta to force s.o. to stop doing something
forefinger: 3ííhoho ni forefinger
forehead: có'oú'oo ni forehead
foreign: henees- pv strange, foreign, other; kóxuunenítee na person from a different or foreign place, non-Arapaho
forest: neeyéíci' ni forest, woods
forever: 3ebetocó'onííhi' adv forever; 3ebcii3ó'bee3ííhi' adv forever
forget: neníh- pv 1) leave something alone, let something be, 2) forget about something; noníh'i- vai to forget; nonih'íí3iton- vta to forget s.o.; nonih'ii3ít- vti to forget s.t.
fork: néésouni- vii to be forked into three prongs; níísouni- vii to be forked into two prongs or branches (e.g. a tree)
Fort Washakie: cee'eyeino'óowú' ni Fort Washakie, WY
forthright: xouuwéí'towuun- vta tell s.o. in a straight, direct manner, be forthright with someone
forty: yeiyóó' num forty
foul: wooxéti' na person who is foulmouthed
Found-In-Grass: Bii'oxúyoo na Found-In-Grass (title of a traditional tale and the name of the main character in it)
fountain: hooxéb ni 1) spring (source of water), 2) fountain, 3) well
four: yein num four (counting form); yéiní- vai to be four in number; yéíntoowóót- vti to do something four times; yéíntoowó'ohéíhi- vai to have something done to one four times; yéiníiisi' vii something has been done for four days
four-pronged: yeneiyóúni' ni four-pronged pitchfork
fourteen: yeiniiní' num fourteen
fourth: yeiní'owoo- vai to be fourth; yeiní'owoo- vii to be fourth; yéinoh'óóke- vii to be the fourth morning
fox: bééxoúú na red fox; nouu na swift fox
fray: cee'éé- vii to be frayed, torn; cee'óóceihi- vai to be frayed
free: koyikuutii- vai to pull something out of someplace, free something
freeze: ní'o3ínoo'óó- vii to be freezing; ni'óte- vii to be frozen; ni'o3ísetíí- vti to freeze s.t.; néeto3í- vai to freeze to death, to die from cold
freezing: ní'o3ínoo'óó- vii to be freezing
frequently: toco'onííhi' adv frequently, often; toco'on- pv frequently, often
fresh: wooyoo- vii 1) to be new, 2) to be fresh
Friday: neh'einíísi' ni Friday; yein nonóóke' ni Friday
friend: notó'u na-dep 1) (my) sister in law, 2) (my) female friend; béíteh'éí na-dep friend, partner; be na friend! (vocative); hinííteh'éíhebetí- vai to be friends with one another, treat each other as friends
friendly: teteesih- vta to treat s.o. in a friendly manner, treat s.o. politely; tetééso'óó- vai to act in a friendly manner; tetéesó'ooton- vta to do something in a friendly manner for s.o.
frighten: neih- vta to scare s.o., frighten s.o.
fringe: heyooxú- vii to be fringed; cehnoocéí'oo- vii to be fringed
frog: nooxóbe' na frog; ceneeteenooxobe' na green frog (perhaps a bullfrog or a northern leopard frog)
from: néé'eetéíhi- vai that is where someone is from; néé'ee3óó' vii that is where something is from, that is how something came about; seh- pv from here to there (used for seeing, not motion); hii3ííhi' adv from there, from that thing or place; híí3iini vii where it is from
frown: 3oxóni'éí'oo- vai 1) to look angry, 2) to frown; héési'éí'oo- vai 1) to make faces, 2) to frown; teenéí'oo- vai 1) to look sad, 2) to frown
frozen: ni'óte- vii to be frozen; bee3ó'ote- vii to be frozen stiff
fruit: bííbinoot ni 1) berry, 2) extended to other small roundish fruit such as grape or raisin; biinéhe' ni fruit, small fruit such as a cherry, scientific name Cerasus pensylvanica
frustrate: cíísibih-- vta to make someone frustrated or fed up
frustrated: heneebínoo'óó- vai 1) to be frustrated, 2) to be restless
fry bread: cebiteenoc ni fry bread
fry: co'céí- vai to fry bread; hócoo3- vti to fry s.t., cook s.t. in a pan (usually meat); hocóót- vti to fry s.t.; hócei- vai to fry something
fulfill: ni'óótowóotéé' vii (a prayer or wish) has been fulfilled; ni'óótowoo- vai to have one's prayer or wish fulfilled
full grown: hiisii'óó- vii (something inanimate, e.g. a plant) to be full grown; hiisii'óó- vai to be full grown, to be grown up
full: hiixoxónee- vii to be full
funny: nonoxóó3ei- vai to be funny
fur: bíísbiixúút ni fur coat; có'onéé- vai 1) to have fur, be furry, 2) to be shaggy
furry: có'onéé- vai 1) to have fur, be furry, 2) to be shaggy
fussy: koo'ówootéíhi- vai to be fussy
future: héét- pv future tense
gag: xo'ú3kuu3- vta to gag s.o., to cause s.o. to retch; xó'owkúu3- vta to gag s.o., put something in s.o.'s mouth
gall: hiníínic ni gall
gallop: níhi'kóóhu- vai 1) to run quickly, 2) (a horse) to gallop; noho'úkotii- vai 1) to gallop, 2) to run
gamble: cebííhetí- vai to play games or gamble with one another; cebiihínee- vai to gamble
game: cese'eihíí na game, wild quadruped mammal, wild animals hunted for food; cebííhetí- vai to play games or gamble with one another
gardner's yampah: yeneinít na carrot, indian carrot, gardner's yampah, scientific name Perideridia gairdneri
gargle: hehíisetnóúhu- vai to gargle
gartersnake: hineice' na gartersnake
gas money: ciinóhoé ni gas money
gasoline: cebítee ni any oil including cooking oil, shortening, grease, gasoline, kerosene, petrolium
gate: tecénoo na, ni door, gate
gather wood: nó'otoséee- vai to gather a lot of wood
gather: hóo'éíhi- vai to collect, gather something; hoo'eiséé- vai to gather, come together, have a meeting; beséee- vai to gather wood; nó'oonó3ei- vai to gather one's things; hoo'éíxotii- vai to gather something
gear: ciiyoonó ni 1) (pl.) equipment, kit, gear, 2) belongings
gee whiz: wo'uucéh exclamation gee whiz!, I can't believe it!, for no reason at all!
gee: 'ííheihóó, exclamation exclamation of surprise, gee!, wow!; yehéíhoo exclamation exclamation of surprise, "gee!," "wow!," "isn't that something!"
gelding: neecéés na gelding, castrated horse
general: tenééteexóó3eit na general, high ranking military officer
generally: héénoo particle 1) regularly, generally, as a rule, 2) purposefully, on purpose
generation: wonoonii'óót na young person, member of a younger generation; neehiicxóóyeihí- vai to be of the same generation, be the same age
generous: héíhoowciikó'ootí- vai to be generous; kó'ootéíhi- vai to be generous
gentle: hisííne'étii- vai 1) to be gentle, kind, meek, tender, 2) (an animal) to be tame, 3) to be nice, friendly
geranium: ceyótowóhoono' ni geranium, scientific name Geranium spp.
get away: césiikúhnee- vai to get away, escape; césiikoh- vta to get away from s.o.
get back: neyéíxohowóó- vai to try to get/bring things back for oneself
get down: hoowúsee- vai to go down, go downhill, get down; hoowúsee- vai 1) to get down (e.g. off a horse), 2) go down (e.g. downhill)
get even: co'ooxéénoo- vai to get even with s.o.
get in the way: towó'on- vta to interrupt s.o., get in s.o.'s way
get in: teesísee- vai 1) to get on something, get on top of something , 2) to mount a horse, 3) to get in something (e.g. a car)
get on: teesíhcehí- vai to get on to something rapidly, jump on top of something
get out of the way: ceibísee- vai to move to the side, move over, get out of the way; nookootísee- vai get out of the way
get ready: néenóú'uh- vta to prepare s.o., get s.o. ready; néenóú'u- vai to get ready for something, prepare for something
get underneath: hininéí'3eeyenei'éíhi- vai to get down underneath something, get below something
get up: 3owo3íí- vai to rise, get up (from a lying position); koheí'i- vai get up or stand up (from a sitting or lying position), arise
get water: nookohéí'i- vai to fetch water, get water
get: hiisíiténowoo- vai to grab, get, or seize something for oneself
ghost: bíitéí na ghost, spirit
gift: nééceenóhoó ni gift; tóu3é'eikuutii- vai to give a gift ceremonially; tóu3é'ein- vta to give s.o. a gift ceremonially; tóu3é'eikuu3- vta to give s.o. a gift ceremonially; nééceenóhoo3- vta to give s.o. a gift in a traditional ceremony
gilia: neníísi3é'einoo' ni gilia, a dicot perennial herb, scientific name Ipomopsis congesta
girl: hiseihiitéí'yoo na young girl, maiden; hiseihíhi' na girl
girlfriend: nebii'ó'oo na-dep my sweetheart, my girlfriend, my boyfriend
girth: hóóxuuku ni bellyband, saddle girth; hóóxuucihíít ni 1) girth, a band that holds a saddle on a horse, 2) cinch
give s.o. food: niiwóókoxon- vta to give s.o. food to carry with them on a trip
give: cee'ihénihéíhiinóó- vii to be given away, granted (caused to be given out); cé'enéíhi- vai to be given back to someone; cé3en- vti to give s.t. away, pass s.t on to others; biin- vti to give s.t. (to someone); biin- vta to give something to s.o.; céé'ih- vta to permanently give s.o. something valuable and useful, as in a knowledge or skill
give-away: nééceenóhoót ni a public give-away
glad: ni'í3ecóó- vai to be glad, happy
glance: noohowkuu3- vta to glance at s.o., to catch sight of s.o.
glans: bó'os ni glans, head of the penis
glass: ceeníhcoo' ni a transparent container such as a bottle, jar, or glass
glasses: bei'ci3ééyookuu ni eyeglasses, glasses
glide: nóónonóó'oo- vai to glide
glimpse: hitétookú'oo- vai to manage to see something, get a glimse of something
glitter: nóho'kóso'oo- vii to glitter
glove: 3ooxé na glove, mitten
glow: ceesei'óó- vii to glow, e.g. embers
glue: kohyóhoé ni glue, paste
gnat: cihí'nóúbee na gnat ('small fly')
gnaw: wotéínoxónee- vai to gnaw, make a gnawing noise
go along: nííhoobéí- vai to go along with others on a trip or journey
go around: noo'oekúú3- vta to make s.o. go around
go away: 3ebísee- vai to walk over there, walk away; wootóó particle step aside, go away; nohkcé3ei'oo- vai to go away and take something with one
go back: ce'3einoo'oo- vai to go back inside a container
go below: hinowúse' vii it has gone below the surface, out of sight
go down: hoowúsee- vai to go down, go downhill, get down
go home: nohkeeckóóhu- vai to go home with something
go on: nééco'oo- vta to go on, to go on one's way
go out: biskóóhu- vai 1) to appear suddenly, appear running, 2) to go out (searching)
go outside: 3ebíisnóehi- vai to go outside in that direction
go up: noxúutéísee- vai go upwards, go upslope; noxúutéíkoohu- vai run up, go up quickly
go with: nii3óón- vta to go with s.o., to accompany s.o.
go: cebikóóhuuhéí- vai to pass by, when on horseback; cebikóóhu- vai to pass by, travelling in a vehicle; won- pv allative, going to do something; cowoo'úsee- vai to pass by when in a wheeled vehicle such as a wagon or wheelchair; 3ebísee- vai to walk over there, walk away; neecísee- vai to go on along, move along, proceed; noehí- vai to come or go out, come or go outside; cebísee- vai to pass by, go by, walk by; yihóó- vai to go to a place, walk to a place; behiikóóhu- vai to all go someplace; heihoo- vai to go; hoowúniihísee- vai to go down along (a stream); síí'iihéísee- vai to go into water or onto ice; tootísee- vai to go near a place; yíhoon- vta to go to s.o.; yíhoon- vta to go to s.o., go to where a person is; sóóxee exclamation let's go!
goat: beniixóxko'ó' na (mountain) goat; hoho'éniibiixoxko'o' na mountain goat; biixoxko'neenote' na mountain goat
gobble up: hotóob- vta to consume s.o., gobble s.o. up
gobble: hotóóbe- vai to consume something, eat something up, gobble something up
God: hóuu na 1) crow, 2) raven, 3) God, Man-Above
gold: be'ebei'icí3e' ni gold
golden eagle: heebé3ii'éíhii na 1) big eagle, big bird, 2) golden eagle; hiinookó3onit na golden eagle
goldfish: nihoonbei'ci3einowo' na goldfish
gone: bee3ííhi' adv 1) finished, 2) gone; woti'- pv gone, removed, gotten rid of
good boy: ní'oohonóh'oehííni- vai to be a good boy
good looking: noxoséíhi- vai 1) to be good looking, attractive, 2) to be sweet
good: ni'iiní- vii that's fine, it's ok, it's good; hi3éíhi- vai 1) to be good, 2) to be good looking, pretty; hi3eti- vii 1) to be good, 2) to be right; ni'- pv good, well; ni'ííni vii it is good; hééyeih- pv it is good that something happened
good-looking: hi3ówoonéíhi- vai to be good-looking, attractive, pretty
goose: nooksíísiic na 1) swan , 2) snow goose; né'iisóó na gosling, young goose; ne' na goose; nénebííhi' né'iii na goose, Canada goose
gooseberry: hiwóxuuyéino' ni gooseberries, prickly currants, scientific name Ribes lacustre; toxu'úúwuno' ni (pl.) gooseberries, scientific name Ribes inerme, possibly other Ribes spp.
gopher hole: nouuciitoo3oo ni gopher hole
gopher snake: hóóxeesíísiiyei na bullsnake, gopher snake; kookousiisiiyei na bullsnake, gopher snake
gopher: nouuciitóó3eihii na gopher, possibly also mole
goshawk: cecnóhuu na applied to several types of hawk such as goshawk, winter hawk, rough-legged hawk, harrier
gosling: né'iisóó na gosling, young goose
gossip: bee3íbetiit ni gossip; bee3i'éébi- vai to gossip
gourd: síísiiy na 1) gourd, 2) rattle (traditionally made of a gourd)
government: niinooxúwut 1) government, 2) person in a position of government leadership such as a governor or president
governor: niinooxúwut 1) government, 2) person in a position of government leadership such as a governor or president
grab: híten- vta 1) to take s.o., 2) to grab s.o.; hitén- vti 1) to take s.t., 2) to grab s.t.; no3- vta to fetch s.o., seize or grab s.o.; hiisíiténowoo- vai to grab, get, or seize something for oneself; hi3kuu3- vta 1) to grab s.o., seize s.o., capture s.o., 2) to rape s.o.; hi3kúútii- vai to grab something, seize something
grain: ciinóuutono ni (pl.) applied to various crops that are planted such as grain (including wheat, rye) or vegetables
grandchild: neisíe na-dep (my) grandchild, grandson, granddaughter
grandfather: nebésiibéhe' na-dep 1) my grandfather, 2) my ceremonial sponsor
grandmother: nei'béhe' na-dep (my) grandmother
grant: cee'ihénihéíhiinóó- vii to be given away, granted (caused to be given out)
grape: tóótoocíbino' ni (pl.) grapes, scientific name Vitis spp.; niibeneibihí'i ni (pl.) grapes, scientific name Vitis spp.
grasp: hee3íten- vta to grasp s.o., hold s.o.; hee3itén- vti to grasp s.t.
grass: woxú' ni 1) grass, scientific name Poaceae spp., 2) hay; ceeneetéénesoo' ni green grass; hiiyóótesoo- vii to be fine grass (without any weeds)
grasshopper: nih'oocéíhii na locust, grasshopper
grave: héétse'ísi' ni grave; héétoyeinousí' ni grave; nih'iitcííneneet ni grave
gravy: bé'eené'eek ni squawberry gravy; bé'eek ni gravy, blood gravy; 3ohooné'eek ni meat gravy with flour
gray: niice'éé- vii to be gray
grease: cebítee ni any oil including cooking oil, shortening, grease, gasoline, kerosene, petrolium
greasewood: síísííyeibíís ni greasewood, scientific name Sarcobatus vermiculatus
greasy: te'éé- vii to be greasy
Great Lakes person: béesóowúunén na one of the five 'subtribes' identified by Kroeber, member of the branch of the greater Arapaho-Gros Ventre tribe which went by this name, variously translated as 'Great Lakes person,' or 'big lodge person'
Great Salt Lake: niicóo'ówu' placename Great Salt Lake
greatly: nóxowúúhu' adv 1) intensely, greatly, 2) near, close, almost
green: cenééteeyóó- vii to be blue or green
greyhound: 3ouyi'éíhii na greyhound
grief: ciini'í3ecóót ni grief
grieve: ciini'í3ecoo- vai to grieve; hotówou3ecóó- vai to grieve
grind: 3o'én- vti to crush s.t., grind s.t., mash s.t.; 3ó'owú'uwonee- vai to grind or crush berries
grizzly bear: heebétox na 1) big bear, 2) grizzly bear; nonóókunéseet na grizzly bear
grope: notii3ín- vta to grope around for s.o., to feel around for s.o.
grope: notii3ín- vti to grope around for s.t., to feel around for s.t.
Gros Ventre: hitóúúnen na Gros Ventre, member of the Gros Ventre tribe, one of the five 'subtribes' identified by Kroeber; hitóúúteen ni Gros Ventre tribe
ground: bííto'ówu' ni 1) earth, ground, land, 2) sometimes extended to mean 'floor'; nii3o'iní' ni ground meat, hamburger meat; bee3ó'o'béé' ni hard ground
group: wóóhonéíhi- vai to be united, be a group, be together
grouse: cénee na grouse, sage grouse; hóh'eniicénee na blue grouse ('mountain grouse'); nonookúsono' na male grouse; niiniibeicenee na ruffled grouse
grow up: nih'ih'oo- vai to grow up; nóhkuusí'i'oo- vai to grow up with something (e.g. a language); nohkubééxookee- vai to grow up with something, grow up while possessing something
grow: hiisiií'oo- vai 1) (an animal or plant) to be mature, fully grown , 2) (an animal or plant) to grow up; hiisii'óó- vii (something inanimate, e.g. a plant) to be full grown; hiisii'óó- vai to be full grown, to be grown up; hiisí'i'óót- vti to grow into a role, grow into a position
growl: 3oxoohówu- vai to growl, roar, make a roaring noise
grown: bééseséí- vai to be a grown woman; bééxookeenén na 1) grown man, 2) important man
guard: hoonoyoohóót- vti 1) to watch s.t., 2) to guard s.t.; hóónoyoohóo3éí'i- vai to watch out for things, be on guard; néí'oonoyóóhob- vta to watch over s.o. closely, guard s.o. closely; hoonoyóóhob- vta to watch s.o., guard s.o.; hóónoyoohóo3éíhii na guard; hoonoyóóh- vta to guard s.o.
guess: nihíí- vai 1) to say, 2) to guess (as in a handgame); téceenéét- vti to guess s.t., try to figure s.t. out, calculate s.t. in one's mind; niiteceenéét- vti to guess s.t.
guest: ceitéíhii na guest, visitor
guide: he'nééxoh- vta to guide s.o., lead s.o.; he'neexó3eihii na guide, usher
gull: heetécii'éíhii na gull, seagull
gully: koho'ówu' ni 1) gully, ditch, ravine, gulch, 2) small stream
gully: koho'wúúni' vii there is a gully, ditch or small stream there; kóh'owúúni' vii there is a gully, ditch, small stream there
gum: cei na 1) gum, pitch, resin, 2) sap
gun: kokíy ni 1) tube, 2) whistle (traditional type), 3) gun, rifle
guts: 3oox ni entrails, guts, intestines, bowels
habit: heenéistóót ni ways, customs, habits, lifestyle
hack: tébe3éíh- vti to hack s.t. off
hackberry: notóyeiciibíís ni netleaf hackberry, scientific name Celtis reticulata
hail: wo'wú3oonoosóó- vii to hail (weather condition)
hailstone: wo'wú3oo na hailstone
hair: wo'teenóte'éí- vai to have black hair; bebee'éí- vai to have curly hair; hení'ei- vai to have long hair; biisíyoo ni pubic hair of a man; bíísohoo ni pubic hair (woman's); nooké'ei'óó- vai to have hair that is turning white; nooké'ei- vai to have white hair; nookóe'éí- vai to have white hair; béí3e'ee ni-dep hair on one's head; biisí'o ni nose hair; nó'o3iiníí3e'éé- vai to have a lot of hair; 3iiyoonee- vai to have thin hair, short hair (e.g. a short-haired dog or horse); coh'óúkutoo- vai to tie one's hair in the back of the head
haircut: 3iiyouhu- vai to get a haircut
hairgrass: yéyeinoxúús ni hairgrass, may also be called 'otterweed', scientific name Eleocharis spp.
hairy: biisícei- vai to have a hairy chest; biisóónee- vai to have hairy legs; biiséíhi- vai to be hairy, furry
half: koho'- pv half
halter: cecéhne'eicíh ni halter
hamburger meat: nii3o'iní' ni ground meat, hamburger meat
hamburger: nii3o3ousé' ni sandwich, hamburger
hammer: notóóh- vti to hammer s.t., nail s.t.; to'úut ni hammer; hootooh- vti to hammer s.t.
hand out food: cee'nóúhnee- vai to hand out food at a feast
hand rake: wonóhnookúteenóó' ni hand rake
hand: beecét ni-dep 1) hand, arm, 2) a constellation of five stars; bees3ee3ei- vai to have big hands; hóuute- vai to hang, be hung; hitóhoen- vta to take s.o.'s hand
handgame: koxouhtíít ni handgame
handkerchief: nii'ííwoo ni handkerchief
handsome: ni'éíhi- vai 1) to be nice, 2) to be handsome, good looking
hang meat to dry: hóuutéyoonéé- vai to hang meat out to dry; houtéyoonee- vai to hang up meat to dry
hang open: té'etínoo'oo- vai to have one's mouth hanging open
hang: hóuu3íne- vai 1) to be hanging or hung in a place, 2) to be in an elevated position; xoonoo'óh- vta to hang s.o.; hou'utíí- vai to hang something up
hanging: houte- vii to be hanging
happen: cebíseenoo- vii to proceed, happen, go on
happy: hónobéíhi- vai to be cheerful, happy, merry; ni'í3ecóó- vai to be glad, happy; hónowú3ecoo- vai to be happy, be in a joyous mood; hoonobéé' ni a happy situation, circumstance; honobee- vai to be happy
harass: nosóúnoxuuh- vta to keep bothering, harassing or persecuting someone; coo'u3éí'i- vai to bother people, harass people; nó'cou'u3éí'i- vai to come to bother or harass people
hard: hónouuneenóó- vii to be difficult; bé3e'éé- vii to be hard, stiff, tough; be3e'eihi- vai to be hard; be3e'- pv hard
hardwood: be3e'íbes ni hardwood; bee3e'íxóó' ni hardwood
hare: nóóku na 1) cottontail rabbit, or used for rabbits generally, 2) hare
harebell: cee'einóóni' ni sleigh bell (flowers), harebell, scientific name Campanula rotundifolia
harm: hésiinííh- vta to injure s.o., do s.o. harm, hurt s.o.; kóhtowúh- vta to do s.o. harm, do something mischievous or harmful to s.o.; wóxuh- vta to harm s.o.
harmed: kóhtobee- vai 1) to be harmed, hurt or injured, 2) to have something wrong
harmful: kóhtowee- vai to do something mischievous or harmful
harness: cíítoo'oyóó ni harness
harrier: hééyei be'éíh na female Northern Harrier hawk; hééyei nookéíh na male Harrier hawk
harrow: cíh'o'wúúci3oó ni harrow; cíh'o'wuucí3ei- vai to harrow, break up plowed ground
hat: woté' ni 1) hat, 2) women's warbonnet; cíítotó'onii vai put your hat on!
hate: héseinéét- vti 1) to hate s.t., 2) to resent s.t.; héseineb- vta to hate s.o., resent s.o.
have children: hiníiihóóni- vai to have children
have: nii3ín- vta to keep s.o., possess s.o., hold s.o.; nii3ín- vti to keep s.t., possess s.t.
hawk: ciicííhii na sparrow hawk, kestrel; cecnóhuu na applied to several types of hawk such as goshawk, winter hawk, rough-legged hawk, harrier; hééyei hóókecii na chicken hawk; neséínoox na chicken hawk, scientific name Accipiter spp.; hééyei be'éíh na female Northern Harrier hawk; hééyei nookéíh na male Harrier hawk; níhoono3oyéíhii na red-tailed hawk; hééyei na hawk, falcon, swifthawk; hééyei bíítei na 1) Swainson's hawk, 2) swallow, especially a cliff swallow; níhoonó3oyéíhii na red-tailed hawk; woséinóóx na sharp-skinned hawk
hawthorn: boh'óoóníbino' ni hawthorn berries, scientific name Crataegus spp. (berries); koh'úwuno' ni hawthorn, scientific name Crataegus spp.
hay: woxú' ni 1) grass, scientific name Poaceae spp., 2) hay; níísniikó'usí'i ni (pl) hay, alfalfa
haze: ceetéé ni 1) smoke (from a fire), 2) haze, 3) mist
hazy: ceetéése- vii to be hazy, misty, smoggy
he: nenéénit pronoun he, she, third person pronoun
head: 3oo3oonei3e'ee ni the middle or crown of one's head; tebe'éís- vta to cut s.o.'s head off; tebe'éís- vti to cut someone's head off; 3oontééc ni top of the head; 3óo3oonííhi' adv 1) on the top of someone's head, 2) in the middle, at the height; hóókuhú'ee ni head; 3óo3oon ni the top of one's head; bise'éíni- vai to stick one's head out or up from behind something
headdress: 3ouxosuu ni headdress
heal: hííneyóó3ei- vai to heal people, make people well
hear: nííton- vta to hear s.o., understand s.o.; níítobééti- vii to be heard; níítobee- vai to hear; níítowóot- vti to hear s.t.
heart: téí'yoonbétee ni child's heart; bétee ni-dep heart
heat wave: heenesiteisooo' vii there is a heat wave
heat: hesítoo'óó- vai 1) to be hot, 2) to be in heat; hésxoh'- vta to heat someone (animate object)
heater: hesítee ni 1) fire, 2) furnace, heater, stove
heaven: hihcébe' particle 1) above, up, 2) in heaven
heel: betíít ni-dep heel
hello: tous exclamation hello; héébe exclamation hello, hello friend!
help out: níítehéí- vai to help out with things
help: níítehéít- vti 1) to help s.t., 2) to improve a situation; níítehéíbetíít ni help, helping one another; nííteheib- vta to help s.o.
helper: ho3ío' na a young man who serves as a helper, assistant or runner during a ceremony
hemlock: ?ni'iboootou hemlock leaves; ceceecéí ni western water hemlock, a medicinal and ceremonial root, scientific name Cicuta douglasii
herd: híí3einóón ni 1) buffalo, 2) a herd of buffalo; híínoo'éíso'onéíhi- vai to be herded back together, have been herded back together
here: hii3- pv from there (to here); no'úúhu' adv to here, up to a point or place; no'oeniihi' adv around, around here; híít particle here; húút particle here; húútino particle here, around here; céi3ííhi' adv here, in the direction of the speaker
heron: hité3oo na crane, especially a sandhill crane, heron, egret; hité3oo na crane, heron; hité3ounec na water drunk when breaking a fast during the Sun dance, according to Kroeber's "The Arapaho"; kookóósoonéíhii na 1) heron, egret, 2) also perhaps curlew, slough bird, rail or other birds with long, thin legs; wo'óúhuu na heron, egret
hesitation: 'eee particle hesitation particle, similar to mmmmm.....
hiccup: hi3oonéé- vai to hiccup
hidden: bee3ebééxoyoo3ííhi' adv close by and hidden
hide: kotóús- vai 1) to be left behind, as when in hiding, 2) to hide, get under cover; bih'ío ni deer hide; nonííkuhnee- vai to flee and hide, be chased away into hiding; notóyeic ni 1) hide, 2) rind (e.g. of an apple); nonííkoh- vta 1) to hide from s.o., 2) to run away from s.o.; héécen ni buffalo hide; heneeceinotoyeic ni buffalo hide; wonotóyeic ni-dep hide (animal skin); yootísee- vai to hide; kotousine- vai to hide; hé'neenóóxobei- vai to hide horses, put horses in a safe place where they won't be found; yooh- vta to hide s.o.; yootíí- vti to hide s.t.
hierochloe hirta: ni'óxu' ni sweetgrass, Hierochloe hirta
high: ni'ouubéíhi- vai to be elated, high, intoxicated; co'oúu3ííhi' adv high, high-like; co'óúúte- vii to be high (e.g. a mountain, cliff); co'oúú3oo- vii to be high (e.g. a mountain or hill); 3oo3oonísee- vai to be high overhead, e.g. the sun; co'oúútenéni- vii to be high up (e.g. up a cliff); co'oúú3i- vai to be high up in the air; co'oúúhu' adv up high
highway: wó'teenbooó ni highway, paved road
hill: coo'ótoyóó' ni hill; coo'ótoyóó' vii there is a hill; co'ótoyóúhu' vii there is a small hill; coo'ótoyóúh- vii to be a small hill
hilly: conóóco'ótoyoo- vii to be hilly; có'otoyííni- vii to be hilly
hip: woce'ók ni-dep hip
hire: ho3i'ééb- vta to hire s.o.
hit on the head: besiite'ein- vta to hit s.o. on the head with an object
hit on the head: 3é'ei3eih- vta to hit s.o. on the top of the head
hit: to'ob- vta to hit s.o., punch s.o., strike s.o.; béxoh- vta 1) to hit s.o., strike s.o., 2) to touch s.o., make contact with s.o.; to'ób- vta to hit s.o.; bés- vta to hit s.o., as with a bullet or arrow; to'óot- vti to hit s.t.; bex- vti to hit s.t. with an object; ko'ós- vai to hit something by accident, fall into or onto something
hoarse: cooniiséíhi- vai to have a hoarse voice
hoe: kóóxooteinihó'noox ni hoe, garden hoe
hold hands: nou'usééneti- vai to hold hands
hold on: nei'hónonih- vta 1) to hold s.o. tight or close to oneself (figuratively), 2) to cherish or respect s.o.; tóónonítii- vai 1) to hold on to something (figuratively), 2) to value something, cherish something; néí'bííhi' adv holding on in a tight manner; néí'be'éíci3- vta to hold on tightly to a horse's reins; téi'toun- vta to hold on to s.o. strongly; néí'iitííbi- vai to hold on to something tightly
hold: hee3íten- vta to grasp s.o., hold s.o.; niiwóh- vta to hold s.o. in one's mouth; niiwóh- vti to hold s.t. in one's mouth; níi3iní- vii 1) to be held, possessed, 2) to be available, at one's disposal; toun- vta to hold s.o.; néí'in- vta to hold s.o. tightly; toun- vti to hold s.t.; híínenéíhi- vai to be held and pointed in various directions (as the pipe is in a ceremony)
hole: tonooxóhei- vai to dig a hole; nóoxcítii- vai to dig a hole with hands or feet; toncítii- vai to drill a hole; notóóbe'éítii- vai to fill a hole; toonotí' ni hole, opening; tóno'wúúhowóótiini' vii a hole is/has been dug out there; tonotííni' vii there is a hole; nooxookóónee' vii there is a hole made by water, the ground was washed out by water; tóno'wúúheenííni' vii there is a hole there (e.g. a cellar, a cave, or some other enclosed space); ko'éitónotí' vii there is a round hole
holiday: beesbéteeniisiini- vii to be a holiday
holler: níitóuuhu- vai 1) to howl, holler, yell, 2) (a mouse) to squeak; níitóuuhu- vai (an animal) to make a noise such as howling or bugling, (a person) to holler, yell; níitóuub- vta to howl at s.o., holler to or at s.o.; hóóxoeníitóúhu- vai to howl or holler back in response, answer back by howling or hollering; tóóyeitéé' vii there is screaming, one can hear screaming; tooyeinéétii- vai to be screaming on and on, make screaming or hollering noises; tooyéítoh'- vta to make s.o. scream or holler involuntarily; tooyéít- vti to scream, holler (involuntarily); tooyéínee- vai to scream, holler (involuntarily, as when in pain); niitóuub- vta to holler, yell at s.o.
hollow: niicisóó- vii to be empty, hollow; niiciseih- vii to be empty, hollow
holy: béteenííhi' adv in a sacred or holy way; béteeníse- vii to be happening or occuring in a holy way; béteenéíhi- vai to be sacred or holy; béteeneenebéíhi- vai to be thought of in a sacred or holy way, to be considered sacred or holy; béteeneenéét- vti to think about s.t. in a sacred or holy way, to consider s.t. sacred or holy; niibéébetóó'oot na person who is performing a holy ceremony, officiant; bétee- vai 1) to be holy, to habitually act in a holy or sacred way, 2) to have sacred powers; beteen- pv holy, sacred; beteenóó- vii to be holy, sacred; niibéteesébitit na person who is engaged in some holy endeavor; béteeh- vta to make s.o. holy, give s.o. holy power
home: hi'íyeih'i- vai to have a dwelling place, have a home; co'óókoo3ííhi' adv back at one's home; béyeihí' ni-dep home; hookoo3iihi' adv homeward, on the way home; heecikóóhu- vai to go home
homesick: neetóú3ecóó- vai to be homesick, lonely, lonesome, unhappy
hominy: koho'ookutó ni hominy
homosexual: hoxúx na 1) berdache, transvestite, 2) also applied to a homosexual person (of either sex); hixonííni- vai to be homosexual
honeybee: nisickoho'ok na honeybee
hoof: wo'ox ni-dep fingernail, toenail, claw, hoof; niiskosei- vai to have two nails, claws or hooves; hookéíhtoo ni hoof
hoop: toonoo'óó' ni hoop
hope: kookóós- pv modal preverb, hope, want, 'I wish that...'
horizon: 3o3outé' ni 1) horizon, 2) on the ridge; heenéi'ookú'oot horizon
horn: hiníínis ni horn, antler; hiiníínsi- vai 1) to have horns, 2) to be horn-like
horse ornaments: ceene'eici3oo ni horse ornament
horse: neecéés na gelding, castrated horse; hitoníhi'- vai 1) to own a horse, 2) to have something as a pet; bííyo3óú'u na colt; beh'eihóóx na old horse; nóhoo na stallion; héébetóóx na big horse; nonóúhtiinóóx na race horse; teexokúút na saddle horse, riding horse; tééxokuunóóx na saddle horse; yeihówoonoox na a chasing horse, used for pursuit; héso'óónoox na fast horse; woxhóóx na horse; hiwoxuuhóóx na horse; nóokúúsebéí- vai to own a white horse
horseback: tééxokuunííhi' adv on horseback
horsefly: niice'nóúbee na horsefly
horsetail: cenii3íse' ni horsetail, scientific name Equisetum spp. and Hippochaete spp.
hot sauce: nih'oubé'eek ni tabasco sauce, hot sauce
hot: hesítoo'óó- vai 1) to be hot, 2) to be in heat; hesxóúh'u- vai to have a fever, to be feverish, to be hot; hesteísi' ni a hot day; hesteiníísiini- vii to be a hot day; hésteiniisííni- vii to be a hot day; hesítee- vii to be hot (e.g. weather); hescoowú- vii to be hot liquid (as in coffee)
house: besííno'oowú' ni log house; ho'oowú' ni house; hito'óowúú- vai to have a house
how far: he'íícis- pv 1) how far, how long (relative), 2) for some indeterminate length of time or distance
how far: tohúúcis- pv how far, how long (interrogative); néé'eecis- pv that's how far, that's how long (cleft); hei'oúúte' vii how far a landform extends; hei'- pv how far along something is in space, time or a series
how long: he'íícis- pv 1) how far, how long (relative), 2) for some indeterminate length of time or distance; tohúúcis- pv how far, how long (interrogative); néé'eecis- pv that's how far, that's how long (cleft); néé'eec- pv that is how long
how many times: tohúútox- pv how many times?
how many: he'íítox- pv 1) how many (relative), 2) a certain number of times; tohúútox- pv how many (interrogative); néé'eetox- pv that's how many (cleft)
how: néé'ees- pv that is how, that is what, thus; tóús- pv what, how (interrogative); hiis- pv what, how (relative); nohuusóho- vii that's how it is, let it be that way; hee3- pv how, why, what; heesííni vii how it is, what it is like; héesóó- vii how it is, what it is like; tousííhi' adv how; hiisííni vii how it is; híisóó- vii how it is, what it is like; hii3éíhi- vai how someone habitually is; hiisííhi' adv how something is done, the way something is done; né'niis- pv that is how (cleft); néé'eesííni- vii that is how it is; néé'eesóóni- vii that is how it is; néé'ee3éíhi- vai that is how someone is, that is what someone is like; tóúsoo vii how is it?; hiisísee- vai how someone got to a place, how someone made it through a test or trial
however: he'íítoxú- vai however many there are, it is now known how many there are
howl: hiini- vai (a dog, wolf, coyote) to cry, whimper, howl; níitóuuhu- vai 1) to howl, holler, yell, 2) (a mouse) to squeak; níitóuuhu- vai (an animal) to make a noise such as howling or bugling, (a person) to holler, yell; níitóuub- vta to howl at s.o., holler to or at s.o.; hóóxoeníitóúhu- vai to howl or holler back in response, answer back by howling or hollering; nini- vai (a dog) to howl
Hudson: Boo'oowú' ni 1) town of Hudson, WY, 2) Popo Agie creek
hug: he'ííten- vta to embrace s.o., hug s.o.
humble: ciiwoxoeenebetí- vai to be humble
hummingbird: bei'ci3éínii'ehíhi' na hummingbird; hetéín3e'enéíhii na hummingbird
hundred: beteetósoo' num one hundred
hunger: hésnóót ni 1) hunger, 2) famine; hesnóótiini' vii there is hunger, there is famine; hesinéé- vai 1) to be hungry, 2) (figuratively) to be starving
hunt: híínoo'éí- vai to hunt
hunter: híínoo'einén na a male hunter; híínoo'éíhii na hunter; híínoo'eihííni- vai to be a hunter
hunting: hiinóó'einííhi' adv having to do with hunting
hurriedly: nóxohóenííhi' adv hurriedly, in a hurrying manner
hurry: nóhohoobée3too- vai to hurry up and finish doing something; nóhohóúhu- vai 1) to hurry, 2) to be in a rush; noxúhu- vai to hurry, do things quickly
hurt: kóhtobee- vai 1) to be harmed, hurt or injured, 2) to have something wrong; hesowowutii- vai to ache, hurt; ceténowóhoetí- vai 1) to hurt oneself accidentally, 2) to get oneself into trouble
husband: nees na-dep my husband
hyssop: woxwohoonó' ni 1) a plant, possibly hyssop, scientific name Agastache spp., 2) a perfume made from this plant
I: nenééninoo pronoun I, first person sg. pronoun
ice cream: toyoowú' ni ice cream
ice pick: tónohou3óo ni ice pick
ice skate: siiwonéí- vai to ice skate
ice: wó'ow ni ice
icebox: toyoowóó3oo ni icebox, refrigerator; toyóówusé3oo ni icebox, refrigerator
icy: wo'owúúni- vii to be icy
identical: neehíí3eihi- vai 1) to be matching, be matched, 2) to be identical, the same; neehiisoo- vii to be identical, matching, the same
idle: no3onéíhi- vai to be idle
if: béh- pv might, if, potential; hih- pv if, contrary to fact
ill: hesówobéíhi- vai to be ill, sick
illegitimate: bii'e'éé'eesoo na illegitimate child
illness: hesówobeihíít ni illness, sickness, disease; howneenówobehíít ni serious illness
ill-tempered: seséíhi- vai to be mean, ill-tempered
illuminate: noh'óesein- vti to light or illuminate a place
illuminated: noh'óeséítee- vii to be illuminated (e.g. a place by natural light); noh'óesei'óó- vii to be illuminated (e.g. a tipi); noh'óéseiteeni- vii to be illuminated, lit up; noh'óeseicíí- vai to be in an illuminated place
imitate: nokó3ton- vta to copy s.o., imitate s.o.
immature: téí'yooniinóóni- vai to be emotionally immature, childish; téí'yoonootéíhi- vai to be emotionally immature, childish
immediately: nóhohoonííhi' adv immediately, instantly, soon; xoxonóu particle immediately, instantly; xonóuu particle immediately, instantly, right away
immense: heebe3ííhi' adv large, big, immense
imperative: hii- pv imperfective imperative; hee3óó- vii to be imperative, to be important; neh- pv emphatic imperative, "you had better (do something)"
imperfective: hii- pv imperfective imperative; nii- pv imperfective
important: bééxookeenén na 1) grown man, 2) important man; hee3óó- vii to be imperative, to be important; héetéíhi- vai to be important, influential
improve: níítehéít- vti 1) to help s.t., 2) to improve a situation
in order that: hét- pv so that, in order that
in time: téébehííhi' adv 1) just in time, 2) just now
in: 3ei- pv in; cíit- pv into, inside
incense: ceh'éí- vai burn incense (from cedar); cééh'ee ni 1) juniper, scientific name Juniperus communis, 2) incense; ceeh'éí'i- vai to burn incense, smudge cedar
income: cééstoot ni income
indeed: yeoh particle yes, indeed, you bet
indefinite: tóón- pv indefiniteness, as in 'wherever,' 'whenever,' etc.
indeterminate: he'íícisííhi' adv for some indeterminate length of time or distance, "I don't know how far or how long"
Indian paintbrush: kóúhuyóó' ni 1) Indian paintbrush, scientific name Castilleja spp. , 2) honey
Indian: 3owó3nenítee- pv in an Indian way, Indian-like; 3owó3nenítee na Indian person
industrious: heséíhi- vai to be industrious
infant: tei'yoonéhe' na child, infant
infinity: niicoonitete'inooni' ni ?infinity
inflate: nisóno'óó- vii to be swollen, inflated; nisoníciitoow- vta to inflate s.o., pump s.o. up (animate object, e.g. a tire); nisoníciitoot- vti to inflate s.t.
inflation: woo'ówou3óóni' ni inflation (in prices)
influential: héetéíhi- vai to be important, influential
inform: cowoo3ítoon- vta to inform s.o.
information: niitówoó ni information, news
inhale: hi3konoo3éí- vai to inhale; hi3konóót- vti to inhale s.t.
injection: koxúkohú- vai to get a vaccination, get an injection; koxukóh- vta 1) to pierce, stab s.o., 2) to vaccinate s.o., give s.o. an injection
injure: hésiinííh- vta to injure s.o., do s.o. harm, hurt s.o.
injured: kóhtobee- vai 1) to be harmed, hurt or injured, 2) to have something wrong; hésiiníí- vai to be injured
innocent: hííyootehéh- vai to be an innocent child
insane: toowunéíhi- vai to be insane
insect: bíísee na 1) bug, insect, 2) ?worm; bííseenóxu' ni a medicinal mixture of several plants
inside: cii3ííhi' adv inside, within; cíi3hííhi' adv from inside a place (moving outwards); ciitóowúú' adv indoors, inside something (e.g. a dwelling, a car); cíitóowúú' particle inside a dwelling or structure; 3ebcíi3ííhi' adv inside a place or area over there; 3einííhi' adv inside (an area); 3éísi- vai to be inside; 3éí'isi- vai to be inside (a container, a dwelling); 3éí'ise- vii to be inside (e.g. a container, a dwelling); cíitóotéé- vii to be located inside something
insist: nihi'nééton- vta 1) to demand s.t. of s.o., 2) to force s.o. to do something, insist that s.o. do something; nihi'in- vta to insist that s.o. do something, force s.o. to do something; níhi'nei- vai to insist on something
inspect: néhyon- vai to inspect something, check something out; néhyonóóhob- vta to inspect s.o., check up on s.o. visually; nehyóntii- vai to inspect something, check up on something; kóho'uuh- vta to inspect s.o. carefully
inspection: nehyóhonííhi' adv concerning inspection, concerning checking up on something
instantly: nóhohoonííhi' adv immediately, instantly, soon; xoxonóu particle immediately, instantly; xonóuu particle immediately, instantly, right away
instruct: hiixoohoo3ih- vta to instruct s.o., teach s.o., to show s.o. how to do something
instructor: hiixoohoo3i3éíhii na instructor, teacher
instrumental: hi'ííhi' particle 1) instrumental, with, 2) about, concerning; hi'- pv instrumental, with, by means of, about
intense: nóxowúsee- vai to go through a time of intense experience, especially pain and suffering
intensely: nóxowúúhu' adv 1) intensely, greatly, 2) near, close, almost
intensifier: sii- proclitic intensifier, really, a lot, very
interpret: cowoo3ítoot- vti to interpret s.t., narrate s.t., translate s.t.; cowoo3ítee- vai to interpret; cowoo3ítoon- vta to interpret for s.o., translate for s.o.
interpreter: cowoo3íteihii na interpreter, translator
interrupt: towó'on- vta to interrupt s.o., get in s.o.'s way
intestines: 3oox ni entrails, guts, intestines, bowels; 3eisé3oono ni intestines
intoxicated: ni'ouubéíhi- vai to be elated, high, intoxicated
invisible: hoownoohobéíhi vai to be invisible
invite: noho'óúúb- vta to invite s.o., treat s.o. by paying on their behalf
iron: bé3e'xóh'oe ni flatiron, iron; be3e'xóh'ei- vai to iron; be3e'xóh'- vti to iron s.t.
island: benéhe' ni island
it: nenee' pronoun it, third sg. inan. pronoun
itch: cesíce'oo- vai to itch, be itching; cesíce'oo- vii to itch, be itching
jacket: hookoubiixúút ni jacket, coat
jackrabbit: wó'toteenóóku na jackrabbit; heebetooku na jackrabbit
jail: tóúkuhú- vai 1) to be tied up, 2) to be in jail; tóúkuhúúno'oowú' ni jail, penitentiary, prison
janitor: wotí'eyéíhii na janitor; woti'ohéíhii na sweeper, janitor
January: niikoxoo'óte' ni January; heecoxóóxeiht ni January
jar: ceeníhcoo' ni a transparent container such as a bottle, jar, or glass
jaw: wotóhko' ni-dep jaw, chin
jay: see3íínii'éíhii na clark's nutcracker, gray jay; cenééteenii'éíhii na bluebird, blue jay, stellar's jay, pinyon jay
jealousy: hih'éyooteihíít ni jealousy; nécesí3ecoot ni jealousy
jerk: tei'íhcehíít- vti to jerk s.t.
jerky: ho'úúw ni jerky, dehydrated meat, dried meat; hoo'einóúw ni supply of jerky
job: niisí3oó ni job, labor, work; niisí3ei- vai to have a job, work
join: wóóhonén- vti to join s.t. together; wóóhonísee- vai to join a group, unite, come together
joined: wóóhoníseenóó' vii things have come together, things have become linked or joined
joint: cenii3íse' ni joint (as in a body part)
joke: cóó'ob- vta to kid s.o., joke with s.o., tease s.o.
journey: niiwóó3heihíít ni the things which one carries on a journey
joyous: hónowú3ecoo- vai to be happy, be in a joyous mood
judge: hooxuwuunén na a person who is an official representative of the law, such as a judge, lawyer or congressperson
juggle: hooxóhoekúú3- vta to juggle s.o. (animate objects); hooxóhoekúútii- vti to juggle s.t.
juice: biinínec ni chokecherry juice, chokecherry wine
July: 3óó3oonbííceniisíís na July
jump: hihcéno'oo- vai to jump up
jump in: cíi3íhcehí- vai to jump into an area or place
jump over: noh'oxóót- vti to jump over s.t.
jump up: kohei'isíhcehí- vai to jump up from a sitting or lying position
jump: nóho'úhcéhí- vai to go upwards quickly, run or jump upwards; teesíhcehí- vai to get on to something rapidly, jump on top of something; hoowúhcehí- vai to jump off, get down or go down quickly, dismount; sii'eihcénoo'óó- vai to jump into water, dive in to water; cenoo'óó- vai to jump, leap; hooxuucenoo'óó- vai to jump across; cenoo'óó3- vti to jump at s.o.; cenoo'óót- vti to jump at s.t.; hoowcénoo'óó- vai to jump down; 3éicéno'oo- vai to jump into some structure of enclosure; nóuucéno'oo- vai to jump outside; koxu3cenoo'óó- vai to jump over; hóóxuu'óót- vai to jump over s.t., jump across s.t.; híhcicéno'óó- vai to jump up; céecenoo'óó- vai to jump up and down; nebíhcehí- vai to make as if to jump
junction: héétwóóhonootéí'i ni junction; héétno'ootéí'i ni junction
June berry: héyowúúwukóó' ni bark of service berry or June berry bush, scientific name Amelanchier alnifolia (bark); héyowúúwuno ni service berries or June berries, scientific name Amelanchier alnifolia (berries)
June: bííceniisíís ni June; nii'éé3neebíískootí' ni June; nííno'únoo'oo' ni June
juneberry: heyoo'úúw ni juneberry
juniper: cééh'ee ni 1) juniper, scientific name Juniperus communis, 2) incense; bé'3einó'o ni 1) cedar, 2) juniper; bé'3ein- pv having to do with cedar or juniper (Sabina scopulorum and Juniperus communis); bé'see3 ni Rocky Mountin juniper, scientific name sabina scopulorum; tó'see3 ni juniper, scientific name Juniperus communis
just right: wó'éii3ów particle 1) just right, 2) right there
just: béébeet particle just, only; bééxo'ootíí' particle just, only; bí'- pv just, only; koúún particle just, only; céése' particle just, only
jut: 3i'eibí- vii to jut out, stick out
kaolin: nookóóbe' ni kaolin, white clay for ceremonial painting, white paint
keep an eye on: hoonoyoohowun- vta keep an eye on s.o.; hoonoyoohoot- vta keep an eye on s.t.
keep in sight: néenoohóót- vti to keep s.t. in sight
keep up: cóóno'óó- vai 1) to be unable to walk or run, 2) to be unable to keep up
keep: nii3ín- vta to keep s.o., possess s.o., hold s.o.; nii3ín- vti to keep s.t., possess s.t.
keeper: nenii3íiyéi'ít na keeper; neniibíicóoonéét na keeper of the Flat Pipe
kerchief: nííse'eicí ni kerchief, scarf
kestrel: ciicííhii na sparrow hawk, kestrel
ketchup: bóó'oowu' ni ketchup
kettle: 3ouhó'yoo ni kettle
key: kóónootoo'hóe ni key
kick: to'oxón- vta to kick s.o.; to'úx- vti to kick s.t.
kid: cóó'ob- vta to kid s.o., joke with s.o., tease s.o.; biixóxko'neenóte'uusóó na kid (young goat)
kidney: hitíí3i3 ni kidney
kill: noxowús- vai to be violently smashed and killed; néh'- vta to kill s.o.; béé3ih- vta to kill s.o., finish s.o. off; néíh'kuu3- vta to kill s.o. quickly and violently; nóxowuh- vta to kill s.o. violently through impact
killdeer: tí'iihii na killdeer
killer: neh'éíhii na 1) killer, 2) murderer
kin: néíto'éí na-dep my kin, my relation, my relative
kind of: beexúúhu' adv 1) a little bit, 2) kind of, sort of
kind: hisííne'étii- vai 1) to be gentle, kind, meek, tender, 2) (an animal) to be tame, 3) to be nice, friendly
king: bo'té' ni king (in playing cards)
kingfisher: níínebeh'eeét na kingfisher; noyéíhii na kingfisher
Kiowa: niiciihéíhiiteen ni Kiowa tribe; niiciiheihiinén na Kiowa; koh'ówuunén na Kiowa Indian; koh'ówuutéén ni the Kiowa tribe
kiss: niitén- vta to kiss s.o.
Kit Fox Lodge: nouuhnénnó' na Kit Fox men, members of the Kit Fox Lodge age-grade society; nóuuh'óowú' ni the Kit Fox Lodge age-grade society
kitten: wo'ouusóó na kitten
knee: ce'iiteyéí ni knee
kneel: xóó'oekuuceenóku- vai to sit down in a kneeling position; xóó'oekúú'oo- vai 1) to kneel, 2) (a horse) ?to rear; cee3í- vai to kneel; xóó'oekuu- vai to kneel, kneel down
knife: coo'óótoo'únoo'oo' wooxé ni pocketknife; wooxé ni knife
knit: hoxuyéí- vai to knit
knock down: céne3eih- vta 1) to knock s.o. down or off someplace, 2) to purchase s.o.; céne3éíh- vti 1) to knock s.t. down or off someplace, 2) to purchase s.t.
knock: tóne'eih- vta to cut or knock a hole in s.o.'s head; wotéíhei- vai to knock, make noise
knot: ce'eekuhú- vii to be in a knot
know: bééte'ín- vai to be curious, want to know; tese'éíhi- vai to know a lot, to be very knowledgable; no'ote'éíhi- vai to know a lot, to be very knowledgable; nehtiih- vta to recognize s.o., know who s.o. is; he'ín- vti 1) to know s.t., understand s.t., 2) to keep s.t. in mind, remember s.t.; xóuuwoote'ín- vti 1) to know s.t. correctly, 2) to have s.t. straight; he'iistoo- vai someone is doing something indeterminate, "I don't know what someone is doing"; nó'o3e'ín- vti to know a lot about something; he'ínon- vta to know s.o.; hiiyóóte'ín- vti to know s.t. cleanly, to learn and use knowledge in the right way; ní'e'ín- vti to know s.t. well
knowledge: he'íyoó ni clock, knowledge
knowledgeable: tese'éíhi- vai to know a lot, to be very knowledgable; no'ote'éíhi- vai to know a lot, to be very knowledgable; he'éíhi- vai 1) to be knowledgeable, smart, wise, 2) to be sane, of sound mind
known: néé'ee3e'ínonéíhiinóó' vii that is how something is known, that is how something is named, called; néhtiihí- vii to be known, recognized, familiar
labor: niisí3oó ni job, labor, work
labor: niisí3oot ni labor
lack: hoobeihíít ni the things which one is lacking, things which one doesn't have; hoobéíhi- vai to lack something, not have something
ladder: houúhuut ni ladder
ladle: hiitihiinoo' ni ladle; hiitihiiniinoo' ni ladle
laid out: no'óotéé- vii to be located or laid out in that way, to that extent; wóóhonóusé' vii things are laying together, laid out together; cowóotéé- vii to be laid out, extend along a certain direction, lead in a certain way; bééxo'óóteení- vii 1) (e.g. a camp) to be laid out in just that way, 2) it is placed in just that way
lake: ní'ec ni lake; ní'ecííni' vii there is a lake
lamb: hoteiisóó na lamb
lame: cii'ísee- vai 1) to limp, 2) (a horse) to be lame; cii'éíhi- vai to be lame
lamp: nóho'e3eeyóó ni lamp
lance: nouuse'éíci3oo ni long lance with a hook like a cane, staff; biixóó' ni lance, long piece of wood wrapped with otter fur, with a point, used ceremonially
land: bííto'ówu' ni 1) earth, ground, land, 2) sometimes extended to mean 'floor'
Lander: Howóh'oowú' placename town of Lander, WY; Kóx3i' placename town of Lander, WY
language: hinóno'eitíít ni Arapaho language; cé'eséíti- vai 1) to speak differently, 2) to speak a foreign language; heenetíít ni 1) language, 2) speech, 3) voice; cé'eseitíít ni foreign language
lantern: niixooneení' ni lantern
lard: níinén ni fat, lard, tallow; nookcebítee ni lard
large: béései3e- vai to be big, large, have a big body; bees- pv big, large; beesóó- vii to be big, large; beeseinoehi- vai to be big, large; heebe3ííhi' adv large, big, immense; cííno'onéí'oo- vii to be fairly large
lariat: séénook ni 1) rope, lariat, 2) a long scarf worn in the Dog Lodge ceremony
lark bunting: nóóku3e'íneehíhi' na 1) mockingbird, 2) lark bunting
lark: hééyeinoté' na horned lark
last: hitóóxu'óó- vai to be trailing, coming last; woon- pv 1) new, 2) young, 3) latest, most recent, last (e.g. day, week); hitóóx- pv last; hitóóxu'oo- vai to be last; hitóóxu'oonoo- vii to be last; hitooxúsee- vai to be walking last (as in a group or line)
late: koutonéíhi- vai 1) to be late, 2) to take a long time to do something
later: hoo3ííhi' adv 1) later, 2) next time, 3) another time; bééxoo3ííhi' adv later, after a while
laugh: hoxo'oní- vai to laugh; hooxoohetí- vai to laugh to oneself; hoxo'oh- vta to make s.o. laugh
laundry: hehííse3ei- vai to do the wash, do laundry; hehiisé3oono ni laundry
law: hooxuwúút ni 1) law, 2) rule, 3) regulation; hiinóóxuwú- vai to change a law, reverse a law; hiixóóxuwú- vai to pass a law about something
lawyer: hooxuwuunén na a person who is an official representative of the law, such as a judge, lawyer or congressperson
lay down: sé'ciinén- vti to lay s.t. down flat
lay: ciiníhi- vii to be placed down, laid down; ciinén- vti 1) to lay s.t. down, put s.t. down, 2) to put a bad experience behind one; híísibén- vta 1) to lay s.o. down, put s.o. down, 2) to put s.o. to bed
lazy: 3onóúhu- vai to be lazy
lead: niitówo'oo- vai to be first, be in the lead; he'nééxoh- vta to guide s.o., lead s.o.; níítobéeé- vai to be first in line, go first, lead; nó'oe'éíci3éí- vai to lead a horse here, in this direction; cebe'éíci3- vta to lead an animal along with reins or a rope; cebe'éíci3éí'i- vai to lead an animal along with reins or a rope; noo'éíci3- vta to lead an animal by a rope or leash; noo'éíci3- vta to lead an animal by rope up to a place; céíte'éíci3éí- vai to lead an animal towards the speaker; niitowóón- vta to lead s.o., go ahead of s.o.
leader: hé'neetéíhi- vai to be the leader, head of something, e.g. a dance
leaf: biicíís ni leaf
leak: cénii'oo- vii 1) to drip, 2) to leak; bíísii'oot ni 1) leak, 2) discharge; bisíínoo'oo- vai 1) to leak, 2) (liquid) to appear
lean-to: toukóóhowoot ni 1) lean-to, 2) porch, 3) umbrella; toukoohóe ni 1) lean-to, 2) shade (type of shelter); besoowú' ni lean-to
leap: cenoo'óó- vai to jump, leap; noonóh'oxoo- vai to leap (as in a deer)
learn: neyéítii- vai 1) to go to school, 2) to learn, 3) to read; biisíínobéé- vai to watch an event carefully in order to learn about it and be able to do it for oneself; toyóú'uuwu- vai to remember a lesson, learn something and keep it in mind; biisíínowóó3it- vti acquire a skill or ceremony by watching others carefully; biisíínowoot ni act of watching something closely in order to learn about it (e.g. a ceremony or skill which one wants to acquire); biisíínowoo- vai to learn something for oneself by watching closely; biisíínowóót vti watch s.t. closely in order to learn about it (e.g. a ceremony or skill which one wants to acquire); hiixoohóótowoo- vai to learn; hiixoohóótowoo- vai to learn for oneself by observing carefully; hiixóóhob- vta to watch s.o. in order to learn, learn from s.o. by watching
leather: woo3onesí' ni 1) leather, 2) leather strap
leave alone: neníh- pv 1) leave something alone, let something be, 2) forget about something; cíínih- vta leave s.o. alone
leave behind: nóó3ib- vta to leave s.o. behind, as when going away from them; nóót- vti to leave s.t. behind, walk away from s.t.
leave: cebe'éí'oo- vii 1) to be passed by, 2) to be left behind (in travelling); neyéisxóótiini' vii people are walking away and leaving; noo3- vta 1) to leave s.o. behind, 2) to abandon s.o.; bée3ii- vai 1) to finish camping, take down camp, 2) to leave a place behind, as in moving camp; neeni- pv leave it like that, leave it like it is
leavening: nisonóxoh'óe ni leavening agent such as baking powder or yeast
led: nó'oe'éícitonéíhi- vai to be led here for someone, in order to be given to someone
left behind: kotóús- vai 1) to be left behind, as when in hiding, 2) to hide, get under cover
left over: ceníí'iisíse' ni leftover, something extra
left: nowóó3 left side; nowoo3ííhi' adv on the left; nowóó3iihííteenííhi' adv on the left
left-handed: nowóo3i- vai to be left-handed
leftovers: nohóóxobee ni leftovers, meat scraps, remains from butchering animals
leg: towóónee- vai to have a broken leg; wó'oo3 ni-dep foot, leg; heeneyoonee- vai to have long legs; tooto'oonee- vai to have short legs; besihii'oo3í- vai to have a wooden leg; hi'oo3íínoo- vii to have legs (e.g. a chair)
leggings: wótoo ni 1) pants, trousers, leggings, 2) (pl.) underwear, panties
legs: biisóónee- vai to have hairy legs
lemonade: niscih'ebíít ni a sweet beverage (e.g. lemonade or pop)
lend: hiih- vta to lend something to s.o. (for a long period of time); neeciih- vta to lend something to s.o. (for a short period of time)
let be: neníh- pv 1) leave something alone, let something be, 2) forget about something
let go: cíínkuu3- vta to release s.o., to let s.o. go, let s.o. loose
let loose: cíínkuu3- vta to release s.o., to let s.o. go, let s.o. loose
let: xouwoo3- vta to let s.o. do something
let's see: 3íwoo particle let's see now, ok, wait
level: cectoyoo- vii 1) to be even, 2) to be level; cectonóóbe'eiyóó ni level (tool)
lever: noh'óhoé ni lever
liar: nentóúhu- vai to be a liar
lice: tei'bi- vai to have lice
lichen: niico'uno' a plant growing on rocks in the mountains, possibly a lichen
lick: nisóób- vta to lick s.o.; nisóót- vti to lick s.t.
licorice: woníseineehíís ni 1) burr plant, 2) a figure representing a burr painted on the body during the Tomahawk Lodge ceremony, 3) wild licorice, scientific name scientific name Glycyrrhiza lepidota,
lid: hokohóe ni 1) cover, 2) lid, 3) plug
lie down: hiisibííton- vta to lie down with s.o., go to bed with s.o.; sííco'óúhu- vai to stretch out and lie down
lie: híísibí- vai to lie down, go to bed; se'esíne- vai to be lying down, lying flat; heinóku- vai to be lying somewhere; sé'esíínoo'oo- vai to have laid down, be laid out; nentooyéí- vai to lie, tell a falsehood; nentoonób- vta to lie to s.o.
life: hííne'etíít ni life, living; honóh'oe'einííne'etíít ni the life of young boys, the way young boys live; cebíseeno'úúne'etíít ni the walking life, the roaming life, the travelling life
lifestyle: heenéistóót ni ways, customs, habits, lifestyle
lift: noh'en- vti to lift s.t. by hand, raise s.t. up; noh'enob- vta to lift s.o.
light switch: noh'óéseikúú3oo ni light switch
light: nook- pv white, light; noh'óóke- vii to be light outside, be daytime; noh'óesein- vti to light or illuminate a place; noh'óé' vii there is light (to see by); nóh'ookono'óó- vii to become light
lightening: céheekú- vai 1) to blink one's eyes, 2) (the Thunderbird) to make lightning, 3) lightening to flash; céheekúút ni lightning; boh'ooo hiniic lightning
like that: hiisóho' vii like that
like this: hiisóho'uusííhi' adv like this way
like: hiisóho' particle this way, like this; wootíí particle it's like, it seems that, as if; ni'eeneb- vta to like s.o.; ni'eeneet- vti to like s.t.
lily: nihóónookúúno' ni glacier lily, scientific name Erythronium grandflorum; senéí'owúú3eet ni mariposa lily, scientific name Calochortus gunnisonii
limb: hitéi ni branch, treelimb
limit: cebe'éítii- vai to do something more than the limit, go beyond a limit; cebe'éítoo- vai to do something more than the number of times allowed, go beyond a limit
limp: cii'ísee- vai 1) to limp, 2) (a horse) to be lame; cii'koohei- vai to run with a limp
line: níítobéeé- vai to be first in line, go first, lead; nii3niiteiyeekúú- vai to stand in a line, queue; niitei- pv 1) line, 2) row
linked: wóóhoníseenóó' vii things have come together, things have become linked or joined
lip: béses ni-dep lip
liquor: nih'óó3ounéc ni liquor, any kind of hard alcohol (e.g. whiskey)
listen up!: noníh particle pay attention!, listen up!
listen: ceh'é3ih- vta 1) to listen to s.o., 2) to obey s.o.; ceh'e3it- vti listen to s.t.; ceh'é3tii- vai.t to listen to something; ceh'e3tíít- vti to listen to something
lit: noh'óesííhi' adv as if lit, like illumination
literate: neyei3éíhii na 1) pupil, student, 2) reader, literate person
Litte Wind River: Hóteikoh'owu' placename Little Wind River
little bit: beexúúhu' adv 1) a little bit, 2) kind of, sort of
Little Dipper: héécestéébiicéso'o' na Little Dipper
little: honóh'oehíhi' na little boy; beenihéhe' particle a little bit, few; hokeciihíh- vai to be little, small, tiny; hokecóúhu- vii to be little, small; hokecóúhuni- vii to be little, small; hokecii'óó'oo- vii to become little, small; noxowniiwo'óó- vii to become little, small; beex- pv a little, a little bit (more, farther, etc.)
live quietly: téiitoonííne'étii- vai to live quietly, live calmly
live well: ni'ííne'étii- vai to live well
live with s.o.: níí3e'etiib- vta to live with s.o., as in marriage; níí3e'etii- vai to live with s.o., live together
live: hiine'étii- vai to live, reside; nii3ííne'étii- vai to live together, live with someone; nii3ííne'étiib- vta to live with s.o.
liver: his ni liver
living: hííne'étiiwóóhu- vai to make a living, work to make a living
lizard: seeníwo' na lizard
load: bííno3oon- vta to load s.o. (anim. obj.) with things, pack s.o. up with things; tééxoot- vta to load things onto s.o. (animate object)
loaded: nóxonéíhi- vai (a person) to be loaded with things
loaf: có'coo ni bread, loaf of bread; có'oc ni bread, loaf of bread
loan: neeciihétiit ni loan
lobster: níískoséíhii na crab, lobster
locate: níiítoo- vai to locate camp, be located in camp
located: hóotéé' vii something is located there, something is arranged or laid out there, there is a camp there; hóoteení' vii something is located there, something is arranged or laid out there, there is a camp there; héntoo- vai 1) to be present, 2) be in a particular place, be located somewhere; no'óotéé- vii to be located or laid out in that way, to that extent; héntóu- vii to be located here, to be present; nee'éétoo- vai that is where someone is located, that is where someone is staying
locomotive: héso'óónotii na train, locomotive
locoweed: síísííyeibii3híít ni ?locoweed, ?crazyweed, scientific name Oxytrophis spp.
locust: nih'oocéíhii na locust, grasshopper; hiisxoxoheihii na locust
lodge: beyoowú'u ni (pl.) Arapaho religious and ceremonial life, especially ceremonial dances such as the Sun Dance and dances of each of the lodges; beyeih' na-dep lodge
log: besííno'oowú' ni log house; ce'íbes ni log
loincloth: wonóut ni breechcloth, loincloth
lomatium dissectum: nii'éétee' ni a plant known as bear root, biscuit root, pungent desert parsley or consumption plant, scientific name Lomatium dissectum, described by Kroeber as "a greasy, carrot-like root" (TA:32)
lonely: neetóú3ecóó- vai to be homesick, lonely, lonesome, unhappy
lonesome: neetóú3ecóó- vai to be homesick, lonely, lonesome, unhappy
long ago: ciixóotéé- vii 1) to be far away, 2) to be long ago, from long ago
long time: hooníí particle a long time, after a long time; kóu3- pv a long time, take a long time to do something; kou3ííhi' particle for a long time, after a long time
long: ciis- pv 1) far in distance, 2) long in time; heeneyoonee- vai to have long legs; hení'ei- vai to have long hair; henéíhi- vai 1) to be long, 2) to be tall; henóóceihi- vai (e.g. a rope) is long; téécxo' particle long ago; heyóó- vii to be long
look around: nóó'oenotnoo'éíni- vai to look all around, in all directions for something (as a guard); nótnoo'éíni- vai to look around for things (as on guard duty)
look at: néenóóhob- vta to keep seeing or looking at s.o.
look for: notiih- vta to look for s.o., search for s.o.; nótiitii- vti to look for s.t., search for s.t.; notí'onéíhi- vai to be looked for in order to do something for someone, be looked for on someone's behalf; notéii3ih- vta to look for s.o. who will do something for you; notín- vti to look for s.t.; nótnoohóót- vti to try to see s.t., look for s.t.
look good: ní'noéyotí' vii it appears to be good, looks good
look over: tokóóxuunéí'ookú'oo- vai to look over or across a thing or place
look: hí3on- vta to resemble s.o., look like s.o.; teenéí'oo- vai 1) to look sad, 2) to frown; nei'óóhob- vta to look at s.o.; nei'oohóót- vti to look at s.t.
loose: kono'óé- vii to be loose, as in clothing
loosen: hookun- vti 1) to untie s.t., unlace s.t. , 2) to loosen a knot; hookun- vta 1) to untie, unlace (anim. obj.), 2) to loosen a knot
lope: noh'ukutii- vai to lope
lose weight: woxóónoo'oo- vai to lose weight
lose: henih- vta to lose s.o.; henetíí- vai to lose something
lost: noní3oxúuhéíhi- vai to have become lost or confused due to harassment
lot: nó'o3ííni vii there is a lot
lotion: xo'én- vti to apply ointment, rub lotion on; xo'éyoó ni ointment, lotion
loud: siiyeinóóni- vii to be too noisy, loud; beesiiséíhi- vai to have a loud voice; nooteinóóni- vii to be loud, make a loud noise; beeseití- vai to be loud, to talk loudly
louse: bei'téi na-dep louse, bedbug; yeinóú'u na louse nits (pl.)
love: bixoo3etíít ni love; bíxoo3- vta to love s.o.; bixóót- vti to love s.t.
lower: ceenén- vti to lower s.t.
lumber: se'béxo ni (pl.) lumber
lung: hiikón ni lung
lure: hitéíbih- vta to lure s.o.
lygodesmia juncea: be3énecó'ono ni rush skeletonplant, skeletonweed, scientific name lygodesmia juncea
lynx: 3ouuyoteebexóókee na lynx
mad: cesoni3ecóó- vai to be mad, angry; hesnonóóton- vta to be mad at s.o., angry with s.o.; hesinih- vta to make s.o. mad, angry; 3oxono'eisi- vai to make oneself mad (e.g. get mad at yourself because you fell down)
made: níísihéíhiinóó- vii to be made
maggot: hi'iisóó na 1) maggot, 2) (pl.) rice
magpie: woo'úh'ei na magpie
maiden: hiseihiitéí'yoo na young girl, maiden
majority: beeséis ni majority
make a living: hííne'étiih- vta to make a living for s.o., support s.o.
make camp: níiini- vai to make camp
make faces: héési'éí'oo- vai 1) to make faces, 2) to frown
make motions: niixó'ou'óó- vai to make motions, especially ceremonial
make: nííston- vta 1) to serve s.o., 2) to work for s.o., 3) to make something for s.o.
man: honóh'oe na (male) adolescent, teenager, youth, young man; heebe3inén na big man; hinenííni- vai to be a man, manly; hinén na man
mankind: hinénteeníít na 1) mankind, 2) nation, 3) existence
manly: hinenííni- vai to be a man, manly
manure: biihí3 ni manure, dung, animal excrement
many: howoh- pv many, much, a lot; woo3éí'i vii there are many of them; wóó3eenííni'i vii there are many of them (pl); woo3éé- vii to be many; woo3éé- vai to be many; woo3éíhi- vai to be many
marble: ceeteyéhit na marble, pellet
march: nííteiséé- vai to walk in single file, march
March: hóótoneeniisíís ni March (month); honootónoo'oo' ni March (month)
mark: wo3ono'úx- vti to mark s.t., carve s.t.; nooxóyoti- vii to be marked, notched; nooxeisé- vii to be marked; nooxeis- vti to make a mark on s.t.
market: hotóóneeno'oowú' ni market, store
marriage license: nííseekuunó3onohóe ni marriage license
marrow: cih'óhowoot ni bone marrow; seyóot ni marrow
marry: niib- vta to marry s.o.
marshy: nenkouté- vii to be marshy
mash: séyóúnob- vti to crush s.t. by hand, mash s.t., squeeze s.t.
mask: wowo'oniini ni mask
mass: béteentóot ni mass (religious service)
massacre: noo'oohetíít ni massacre; noh'oohetí- vai to massacre oneself
massage: tebéin- vta to rub s.o., massage s.o.
master: nooxunéíhii na master of ceremonies
mat: so'oo3óó ni 1) tablecloth, mat, 2) carpet, rug
match: neehiisoo- vii to be identical, matching, the same; neehíí3eihi- vai 1) to be matching, be matched, 2) to be identical, the same; síteekúú3oo ni match (for igniting fire); wotóót ni match (to ignite fire)
matted: hinootéíni- vai to have matted hair
mattress: cechooó ni mattress
mature: hiisiií'oo- vai 1) (an animal or plant) to be mature, fully grown , 2) (an animal or plant) to grow up; hííxonoh'oehííni- vai 1) to be mature, grown up, 2) to be reliable, dependable
maverick: hiinonóóx na maverick, mustang
May: bíískootí' ni May (month); bíískootiiniisíís ni May (month)
maybe: nooxéíhi' adv 1) maybe, perhaps, 2) probably; 3i'- pv maybe, perhaps
meadow rue: hiwóxuuhoox hiwóxu' ni meadow rue, scientific name Thalictrum spp.
meadow: tonoxtééni' vii 1) there is a cave, there is an opening in the earth, 2) there is a meadow or clearing in the forest, 3) there is a tundra area beyond the forest; toonoxtééni' ni meadow or clearing in a forest; kó'einoxtééni' vii there is a circular meadow in the forest
meadowlark: cooxúcenéíhii na meadowlark; cóoxucéénee na meadowlark
mean: nó'otéíhi- vai 1) to be tough, mean, 2) to have power; woxéíhi- vai 1) to be bad, mean, 2) to be ugly; seséíhi- vai to be mean, ill-tempered; nonoxootéíhi- vai to be mean, vicious; noxóo3ih- vta to be mean to s.o., treat s.o. harshly; 3oxonih- vta to treat s.o. meanly, mistreat s.o.
measles: ceecii'éíhi- vai to have the measles
measure: toko'óó ni pace, measure; tokóh- vti 1) to measure s.t., 2) to survey s.t.; tokó'- vti to measure out a distance by stride or pace; tokóh- vta to measure s.o.; tokoohóót- vti to measure s.t. by looking at it, estimate a measurement by sight
meat: 3ebéx ni flesh, meat scraped from a hide; ho'úúw ni jerky, dehydrated meat, dried meat; nii3o'iní' ni ground meat, hamburger meat; sii'ehwo'oyóó ni boiled meat; hoséíno' ni meat; 3o'óhcoo ni pounded, dried, shredded meat; 3o'óseinootí' ni tender meat, pounded meat
medicinal root: he3owoonoxu' ni a medicinal root; hiicóoxuuwóxu' ni a medicinal root
medicine ball: to'oxowooo na medicine ball
medicine man: notónihéíhii na medicine man, doctor, physician
medicine switch: nóókohóé ni 1) water dipper, 2) medicine switch, 3) bucket
medicine wheel: beteenotii na medicine wheel
medicine: neníícisoxú'oo' ni a medicinal root, possibly bitter root, scientific name Lewisia rediviva; nótonohein- pv medicine, doctoring; wóxu' ni 1) medicine, 2) spiritual or ceremonial power or authority; hohookoohoo ni a medicinal and ceremonial root; wóó3o' ni a medicinal root, otherwise unidentified; hi3owóonoxú' ni Indian medicine
meet: nóúxon- vta to meet s.o., to make s.o.'s acquaintance
melt: te'cí'oo- vii to be melting, thawing; te'cí'oo- vai to melt, thaw
mend: hoxoyéí- vai 1) to sew something, 2) to mend something (by sewing); hoxoyóót- vti 1) to stitch s.t., sew s.t., 2) to mend s.t., 3) to fix s.t.; hoxoyóó3- vta to mend s.o., stitch s.o. (anim. obj.)
menses: (?)beeteeno ni menses, menstruation; ?nenii3eihinoo ni menses, menstruation
menstruate: nii3éíhi- vai to menstruate; ?beetee- vai to menstruate
menstruation: (?)beeteeno ni menses, menstruation; ?nenii3eihinoo ni menses, menstruation
mention: bisinihíít- vti to mention s.t.
merchant: hotóóneihii na merchant, seller
mercy: howóuunon- vta 1) to have mercy on s.o., 2) take pity on s.t., 3) sympathize with s.o.; hówouunónetíít ni mercy, pity
merganser: héébe3nookúúbeet na ?merganser
merry: hónobéíhi- vai to be cheerful, happy, merry
mesh: cih'óéése' ni screen, mesh
mess: noonsóó' ni 1) chaos, 2) confusion, 3) mess, disorder
metal horns: béí'ci3eiyeini3ee- vai to have iron or metal horns
metal: béí'ci3e' ni 1) metal, iron, steel, 2) coin, money
Mexican: co'cooniinén na Mexican person; co'cóóniisei na Mexican woman
midday: koh'uusiií' particle at midday, around noontime; 3oo3ooníísi' midday, noon; koh'úúsiiní- vii to be midday, noon; 3ooniisiini' midday
middle: 3oonííhi' adv 1) below, less, in the middle, 2) at the summit (as of someone's head, or the course of the sun); neehíi3éí' particle in the center, in the middle; 3óówohóú'u' particle in the middle, at the center; neehii3éi'éékuu' vii it stands in the middle of something; 3oo3oonííhi' adv in the middle
midget: tei3nén na midget; cesiitéíh'ii na mythical small person, midget; téi3neníteenó' na midgets
midnight: 3ootece'ííni'éhk particle at midnight; 3óontéce' particle midnight, in the middle of the night
midwife: neeseineeét na midwife, obstetrician
might: béh- pv might, if, potential; nonóónoko' particle might as well, it's worth a try
milk: be3énec ni, ni-dep milk; nii3óúyei- vai to milk (e.g. a cow); nii3óún- vta to milk s.o., e.g. a cow
milker: níí3ouyóó na milker, milk cow
milkweed: he3ebéíhtoonó ni milkweed, scientific name Asclepia speciosa
milky way: bóoó ni 1) road, trail, 2) milky way; nonoocoo' booo ni Milky Way; hihcebe' booó ni Milky Way
Mill Creek: wosouhóne' ni Mill Creek
miller: hohookéhe' na moth, miller
million: nonou3óó ni million
mind: hiiní3ecoo ni 1) mind, 2) thought
minister: béteennih'óó3oo na minister, priest, preacher, missionary
mink: no'eihi' na mink
minnow: cíhi'nówo' na 1) minnow, 2) ?any small fish
mint: wóhoo na peppermint, mint scientific name Mentha penardi and Mentha arvensis
mirror: hesoohobetíít ni mirror
mischievous: kóhtowúh- vta to do s.o. harm, do something mischievous or harmful to s.o.; kóhtowee- vai to do something mischievous or harmful
misplace: noniikúút- vta to misplace s.o.; noniikúútii- vai to misplace something
miss: ko3en- vta 1) to miss s.o. when trying to meet, 2) miss s.o. when trying to grasp, catch, or hit; hii3ib- vta to miss s.o.; ko3- vta to miss s.o., as in shooting at an animate target
missionary: béteennih'óó3oo na minister, priest, preacher, missionary
Mississippi River: beesniicíe ni Mississippi River
mist: ceetéé ni 1) smoke (from a fire), 2) haze, 3) mist
mistake: nóntoot ni error, mistake; nóntoo- vai 1) to make a mistake, do something wrong, 2) to be wrong, do wrong
misty: ceetéése- vii to be hazy, misty, smoggy
mitten: 3ooxé na glove, mitten
mix: nii3oxesnóun- vti to mix s.t., e.g. dough, cement
mixed: nííso'- pv 1) with, jointly, acting together, 2) mixed
mocassin lining: biixo'oh ni mocassin lining
moccasin: wo'óh ni 1) shoe, 2) moccasin; wo'ohno3oo ni moccasin top
mockingbird: nóóku3e'íneehíhi' na 1) mockingbird, 2) lark bunting
moist: hítoyóó- vii to be damp, moist
moisten: necíínookóónotíí- vai to moisten something, put water on something
moisture: híítoyóó' ni 1) moisture, 2) dew
molar: beexookú3 ni molar
moldy: niice'íse- vii to be moldy
mole: nouuciitóó3eihii na gopher, possibly also mole; niineeneiseikóóhut na mole
Monday: cóówo'óó' ni Monday; níísootoox nonóóke' ni Monday
money: béí'ci3e' ni 1) metal, iron, steel, 2) coin, money; ciinóhoé ni gas money; bei'ci3éii ni (pl.) money; bei'ci3éíb- vai to have money
monkey: heete'i'éít na monkey; 3o3ohkuhú' na monkey
monotonous: ciisibínoo'óó- vai to get tired of something, find something monotonous; ciisíwoo3oo- vii to be monotonous, tedious
monster: heebe3nenítee na 1) big person, 2) monster; hiincebíít na 1) water monster, 2) alligator, crocodile
month: biikousíís na 1) moon, 2) month; hokootóú3i'éhk vii next month
monument: 3í'eyoo ni 1) monument along a trail, 2) the pile of dirt in front of a sweatlodge, dug out from the firepit, 3) altar; nokooyóó3i'eyóo ni stone monument built at a fasting spot
moon: biikousíís na 1) moon, 2) month; hiiséi3e- vai (the moon) to be full; hiiséi3e- vai (the moon) to be full; hokootóú3i- vai (the moon) to be new
moose: hinénihii na moose; hinéni' na moose; see'iiní3eet na moose
morning star: nookóóx na 1) cross, 2) morning star
morning: nohkúseic particle 1) morning, 2) tomorrow morning; nooke'éhk particle 1) tomorrow, 2) tomorrow morning; nóóke- vii to be daylight, morning; nookéni- vii to be daylight, morning; tesnohkúseic particle very early in the morning; nohkuseicííni- vii to be morning; nohkuseicííni- vii to be morning
mosquito: toh'úúbeihii na mosquito
moss: tíítiicéi'ii ni moss
most: tees- pv 1) on top of, 2) very, most; kónohúúhu' adv 1) all, everything, 2) most, majority; hóuunée- pv really, extremely, the most; hóóyei particle most; hóóyei pv most
moth: hohookéhe' na moth, miller
mother in law: nehéíhe na-dep my mother in law
mother: néínoo na-dep (my) mother, (my) aunt (mother's sister)
mountain birch: nííyoo'óé ni red-bush, red birch, mountain birch, water birch, scientific name Betula fontinalis
mountain lion: bexookeesóó na cougar cub, mountain lion cub; bexóókee na 1) cougar, mountain lion, 2) also extended to tiger
mountain: 3i'óó' vii there is a protuberance, mountain, pinnacle; hoh'enííni' vii to be mountainous, there are mountains; hohé' ni mountain
mountainous: hoh'enííni' vii to be mountainous, there are mountains
mouse: nóókookuu 1) white plume, 2) white mouse; hookúú na mouse; hookúúhuhu' na mouse (diminutive)
mouth: niiwóh- vta to hold s.o. in one's mouth; niiwóh- vti to hold s.t. in one's mouth; bétii ni-dep mouth
move along: neecísee- vai to go on along, move along, proceed
move camp: nó'oo'úúhu- vai to move camp, shift dwelling place to far away from the present location
move in a circle: noo'óén- vti to move s.t. around or about, as in a circle
move in the wind: nih'oobeesé- vii to move in the wind; nih'oobeesí- vai to move in the wind
move over: wo'wúsee- vai to move, move over, move along
move: ceibísee- vai to move to the side, move over, get out of the way; cebiihíítooni- vii (camp) is being moved along; cebííhi- vai to move camp along, past a place; wo'wúsee- vai to move, move over, move along; nouu3ííhi- vai to move out (e.g. of a house, camp); wo'obén- vti 1) to move s.t., 2) to postpone s.t.; hiinííhi- vai to live in various places, move camp about; wo'wúúhu- vai to move, move camp farther along, change residence; nééco'on- vta to move s.o. along
movie: ce'ískuu3óó ni 1) film, movie, 2) equipment that displays a film or movie such as a projector or television
mow: ko'osóhei- vai to mow (e.g. a field)
mow: ko'osóh- vti to mow s.t. (e.g. a field)
much: howoh- pv many, much, a lot; nó'ot- pv much, a lot
mud duck: niibiiséébit na coot, mud duck
mud: ceyoxesnóó- vii the mud is deep; hóxes ni mud; hoxesiinec ni muddy water, dirty water
muddy: hoxesíínoowu- vii (water) to be murky, muddy; hoxesííni- vai to be muddy, dirty; hoxesííni- vii to be muddy
mule deer: bíh'ih na deer, mule deer
mule: bih'ihiihoox na 1) mule, donkey, 2) horned toad, horned lizard
murderer: neh'éíhii na 1) killer, 2) murderer
murky: hoxesíínoowu- vii (water) to be murky, muddy; sóótoowu- vii (water) to be murky
muscle: 3ei3 ni 1) tendon, 2) cartilage, 3) muscle
mushroom: boh'óooníbeé ni 1) mushroom, 2) mushroom spores
muskrat: hiixoxo na muskrat
must: hóokuus- proclitic have to, must; hét- pv must, future imperative, supposed to
mustache: biisetinee- vai to have a mustache
mustang: hiinonóóx na maverick, mustang
mute: heeneyeicitéé- vai to be deaf and mute
mutton: hóteinoséíno' ni mutton, meat of sheep or lamb
mysterious: hoono3oobéé- vii to be mysterious; ceenonoo3óó- vii to be mysterious, of unknown cause
nail: notóóh- vti to hammer s.t., nail s.t.; wo'ox ni-dep fingernail, toenail, claw, hoof; niiskosei- vai to have two nails, claws or hooves; hootoohóé ni nail (metal fastener); heenenkósei- vai to have long fingernails
naked: 3oncéíhi- vai to be naked; biiséíí- vai to be naked
name: ní'ii3éé- vai to be called by a certain name; ní'ii3éíhi- vai to be called or named; nih'óó3ounih'ééhi- vai to be called or named a certain way by Whites; niisih'- vta 1) to name s.o., 2) to call out s.o.' name; niisih'íít ni name; néé'eesíh'iinóó- vii that is what it is named; ní'iite'íno- vii to be known by a certain name; nee'eesíh'i- vai to be named, called; niisíh'i- vai to have a name; nee'eesíh'- vta to name s.o., call s.o.; niisíh'iit- vti to name s.t.
named: néé'ee3e'ínonéíhiinóó' vii that is how something is known, that is how something is named, called
nap: nokohukóóhu- vai 1) to go to sleep, 2) to take a nap
nape: wóto' ni-dep nape, back of the neck
napkin: hehiixóó ni napkin
narrate: cowoo3ítoot- vti to interpret s.t., narrate s.t., translate s.t.; hoo3ítoot- vti to tell s.t., narrate s.t. (e.g. a story)
narrator: hoo3íteihii na narrator
narrow: hecesóó- vii 1) to be small, 2) to be narrow; kokoun- pv thin, narrow
nation: hinénteeníít na 1) mankind, 2) nation, 3) existence
native: hééteenenítee na a person native to an area
nature: néseihiinííne'étii- vai 1) to live in the wild, live with or in contact with nature, 2) to live as lived prior to reservation days
nauseous: neini'einoo'óó- vai to be nauseous
Navajo: coohoh'óúkutoot na Navajo
near: hóoxobéíhe' particle close by, near; neehéyei- pv close, near; too3- pv close, near; too3ííhi' adv near, nearby, close to something; hii'óxon- vta to be near s.o.; hii'óx- vti to be near s.t.; hii'outé- vii to be nearby
nearly: héyeih- pv almost, nearly approaching a goal
neat: hííyootéíhi- vai to be clean, neat; hííyoo3ínouhu- vai to be neatly dressed, wearing clean clothing
neck: bésonon ni-dep neck
necklace: wo'éín ni 1) necklace, 2) scarf, 3) tie
necktie: co'o'éín ni necktie, tie
needle: bei ni needle, pin; koto'oheibéí ni a very fine needle
negation: cii- pv negation (conjunct, irrealis interrogative, potential imperative); néíhoow- pv negation (irrealis future, future imperative); hoow- pv negation (irrealis negative)
neigh: teenéi3íbetí- vai (horses) to neigh or whinny back and forth to each other
nephew: ne3e'é3e na-dep (my) nephew
nerve: bíístoot ni nerve
nest: nohúúx ni nest
nestling: nii'ehíísoo na young bird, nestling
net: wónohnoocéíse' ni net
nettle: nii'eeso'sii'oo' ni stinging nettle, scientific name Urtica gracilis
never: how3o'- pv never; cíí3o'- pv never
new: woonéíhi- vai 1) to be young, 2) to be new; wooyoo- vii 1) to be new, 2) to be fresh; woon- pv 1) new, 2) young, 3) latest, most recent, last (e.g. day, week)
newborn: teebecéébii'oúhut na newborn
next day: hoo3íísiini- vii to be the next day
next time: hoo3ííhi' adv 1) later, 2) next time, 3) another time
next: ne'- pv narrative tense marker meaning then, next, and then; hoo3on particle ?next, upcoming; hítetó'oo- vai to be next, have one's turn coming next; hoo3- pv next in time, next in a sequence
nice: ni'éíhi- vai 1) to be nice, 2) to be handsome, good looking; ni'óó- vii to be good, nice, acceptable, ok
nickle: nookoyóúhu' ni nickle, five cent coin
niece: neesébi na-dep (my) niece
night: bííkoo particle 1) at night, 2) last night, 3) tonight; téce'íinííhi' adv at night, as if at nighttime; téce' ni night; tece'ííni- vii to be night; nookon- pv all night, until dawn
nighthawk: cis na nighthawk
nightmare: noní3e'eexú- vai to have nightmares
nighttime: bííkoonííhi' adv during nighttime; téce'íinííni- vii to be as if nighttime
nine: 3í'otox num nine
nineteen: béteetox 3i'otóxuuni num nineteen; 3i'otóxuuni' num nineteen
ninety: 3i'otósoo' num ninety
ninth: 3í'otox'ówoo- vai to be ninth; 3ío'tox'ówoonoo vii to be ninth
nipple: niinéét ni 1) nipple, 2) bottle for feeding a baby
nit: yeinóú'u na louse nits (pl.); hi3oox- vta to pick nits out of s.o.'s hair
no longer: hoowóóh- pv no more, no longer; cooh- pv no longer; hoowóóh- pv no more, no longer
no: hííko exclamation no; 'éhté' particle no; kos particle no
noise: wotéíhei- vai to knock, make noise; wotéísee- vai to walk noisily, make noise while walking; nón3einóóni- vii to be noisy; nó'oteinóóni- vii to be very noisy; non3éíneecíhi' vii a lot of noise is being made; téí'oo' vii it makes a noise; howohnon3éíneecíhi' vii there is a lot of noise being made; wotéinííni' vii there is a noise, a noise has been made; wotéinóóni- vii there is a noise, a noise has been made; céhnotóúhu- vai to holler a lot, make a lot of noise; céhnotóú3ei- vai to make a lot of loud noise (e.g. bugling or whistling); non3éíneecí3ei'i- vai to make a lot of noise; woteinóóni- vii to make noise; wo'éínooní- vai to make noise
noisy: nón3einóóni- vii to be noisy; nó'oteinóóni- vii to be very noisy
noisy: siiyeinóóni- vii to be too noisy, loud
none: hííyoohóú' vii 1) to be nothing, for there to be none of something, 2) to disappear, vanish; hoowúúni vii not, none, nothing; hoowúúhu' adv none, not
noon: koh'uusiií' particle at midday, around noontime; 3oo3ooníísi' midday, noon; koh'úúsiiní- vii to be midday, noon
North Platte: béi'i'éíniiciihéhe' ni North Platte River
north star: nenowó3o' na north star
north: nenebííhi' adv north, in the north
Northern Arapaho: Bo'óóciinén na Northern Arapaho; Nookhoosinen ni a term for Northern Arapaho; Be'eekunen na a term for Northern Arapaho identified by Kroeber; Nenebinén na term for Northern Arapaho identified by Kroeber
nose: bé'is ni-dep 1) nose, 2) beak
nosebleed: ceitónee- vai to have a nosebleed
nostril: toneenííwoo ni nostril
not far: hoowúciisííhi' adv not far away
not: hoowúúni vii not, none, nothing; hoowúúhu' adv none, not
notch: nooxóyoti- vii to be marked, notched; nooxóyesí- vii to be marked by a notch; nooxoyóx- vti to make a notch in s.t.; nooxoyes- vta to notch s.o.
notebook: wo3ónohóe ni paper, book, notebook, mail, anything made of paper
nothing: hoowúúni- vii to be nothing, zero; hoowúúni vii not, none, nothing; hiyohóú'uni- vii there is nothing, it does not exist
notice: 3ooxúúnon- vta to notice s.o., catch sight of s.o.; 3ooxúún- vti to notice s.t.
November: seniicénkoo' ni November; beescéneeniisíís ni November
now and then: heenee'ííhi' adv 1) now and then, from time to time, 2) seldom, occasionally
now: woow particle now, already; téébehííhi' adv 1) just in time, 2) just now; téébe particle just now, just in time; hiiwóónhehe' adv 1) now , 2) these days
Nowood, WY: Kóúwoo'óé' placename Nowood, WY
number: hee3ou'usí- vii to have a number, be numbered
nun: heenínouhúúsei na nun
nurse: notónihéísei na 1) female nurse, 2) female physician's assistant; notónihiinén na 1) male nurse, 2) male physician's assistant; nih'oonóúhu- vai to nurse a baby, breastfeed
nut: niikóó'owú' ni nut
nutcracker: see3íínii'éíhii na clark's nutcracker, gray jay
oak: hohooco ni oak tree, scientific name Quercus spp.
oar: cowouhóéé ni oar
oath: hiihkohóó'oo- vai to take an oath, make a pledge, swear
oatmeal: kohyé'eek ni oatmeal
oats: wóxhooxebii3híítono ni oats (pl.); wóxhooxebii3íb ni oats (pl.)
obese: cowooówu- vai to be obese, overweight
obey: ceh'é3ih- vta 1) to listen to s.o., 2) to obey s.o.
oblong: xooóyoo- vii to be oblong
observe: hesoohob- vta to watch s.o., observe s.o.
obstetrician: neeseineeét na midwife, obstetrician
obtain: cééstoo- vai to procure or obtain something, buy something (typically for oneself); cééston- vta to procure or obtain something for s.o., buy something for s.o.; céésih- vta to procure or obtain s.o. (anim. obj., e.g. a horse)
obvious: he'íneeyóó- vii 1) to be visible, 2) to be obvious; he'íneeyoo adv in a visible or obvious way
occasionally: heenee'ííhi' adv 1) now and then, from time to time, 2) seldom, occasionally
occupy: héntoot- vti to occupy s.t.
ocean: heetec ni 1) large body of water, 2) ocean, sea
October: céénkoo' ni 1) fall, autumn, 2) October; cénkoo- vii (leaves) to fall; nii'cénkoo' ni October
odor: bénou'oo- vii to have an odor, smell
offend: heswóoo3ih- vta 1) to offend s.o., 2) to provoke s.o.
offering: hoseiyoo ni offering, the act of giving something away; hóseihoowú' ni Sun Dance Lodge, Sun Dance ceremony
officer: touku3éíhii na police officer; co'ouutookéé na high-ranking officer; beníiinóókee na military officer
officiant: niibéébetóó'oot na person who is performing a holy ceremony, officiant
offspring: hitéí'yoonííbi- vai to have a child, have offspring; nóó3sei- vai to have many children, many offspring; howúhsei- vai to have many children, offspring
often: toco'onííhi' adv frequently, often; toco'on- pv frequently, often
oh no!: 'éiyó' particle oh no!
oil: cebítee ni any oil including cooking oil, shortening, grease, gasoline, kerosene, petrolium; wo'teencebítee ni crude oil
ointment: xo'én- vti to apply ointment, rub lotion on; xo'éyoó ni ointment, lotion; xo'éneti- vai 1) to apply ointment on oneself, 2) ointment
ok: wohéí particle 1) greeting, "well!", 2) narrative particle, well, ok, yes; 3íwoo particle let's see now, ok, wait; ni'óó- vii to be good, nice, acceptable, ok; ni'iiní- vii that's fine, it's ok, it's good; 'íne particle 1) yes, 2) ok, well; 'ínehouú particle 1) yes, 2) ok, well; tous particle well then, so then, okay then; hih'óó particle okay, all right, fine; nóhowóh particle is everything okay?
Oklahoma: bó'oobé' ni Oklahoma
old time: héétee particle 1) before, prior, previous, earlier, 2) in ancient times, traditionally
old: béésnenítee na elder, old person; ko3éinííhi' adv of an old type, ancient; betebihóókec na old cow; beh'eihóóx na old horse; betebih'ehíhi', betébihíhi' na little old woman (diminutive); betebihíísei na old woman; beh'ííhehihí' na little old man (diminutive); ko3éí- pv old, from long ago; beh'ííhehí' na old man; beh'iihehííni- vai to be an old man; ko3eiyóó- vii to be old; beh'éíhi'eibéé- vai to be old
older sister: nébi na-dep (my) older sister
older: beesísei- vai to be an older or bigger girl or woman
omit: nóó3toowoot- vti to omit s.t., leave s.t. out
on its own: niihen- pv by oneself, of one's own accord
on one's own: niihéyoo adv by oneself, on one's own
on: teesííhi' adv on top of
once: hei'- pv 1) when (RELATIVE), 2) once (something has occurred); ceeséy particle 1) one, 2) once, one time; ceeséi- pv once, one time; híí'oohówun particle once that is done, once that is finished (then the next thing can be done)
one after another: nííteinííhi' adv one after another, as in a line
one by one: nóonóxoo particle one by one, each in its turn
one: céése' na a, one, another; nííseihi- vai 1) to be one, 2) to be alone; ceeséy particle 1) one, 2) once, one time; beebííti' particle one after the other; niisetí- vii to be one
ongoing: nosounííhi' adv still, ongoing
onion: xoucén na onion, scientific name Allium spp.
only: béébeet particle just, only; bééxo'ootíí' particle just, only; bí'- pv just, only; níis- pv 1) only, 2) alone; bééxo'- pv only; bééxo'éé- vii there is only (something); bééxo'úúhu' adv only
ooze: 3ookúú'oo- vii to ooze; bísecei'óó- vii to ooze from the ground
open one's eye(s): koonookú- vai to open one's eye(s); koonookúhcehí- vai to open one's eyes quickly
open one's mouth: té'etonetí- vai to open one's mouth for s.o.; té'etneekóóhu- vai to open one's mouth quickly
open: koonííteetee- vii (a door) to be opened; hó3es particle in the open, plainly visible; kóonííteení- vii it can be opened, it opens; koonotí- vii to be open; koonén- vti to open s.t.; koonkúú3ei- vai to open something quickly
opening: toonotí' ni hole, opening
opossum: hetóxoonéíhii na opossum; toxoonineihii na opossum
opportunity: héneebees particle 1) have the opportunity to do something, 2) take advantage of an opportunity
opposite: nóókooto'n- vta to be facing s.o., opposite s.o.; neyéisííhi' adv separating, going opposite ways; honohúbe' particle on the opposite side, on the other side
or: wo'éí3 particle or, but
orange: niihooníce'éé' ni orange
order: hooxúwuh- vta 1) to order s.o., give s.o. an order, 2) to establish a rule or restriction for s.o. to follow , 3) to sentence s.o., as in a court
organ: niibeiikúú3oo ni something that makes music or sound, e.g. an organ (musical instrument), phonograph record, audio tape, cd, tape player, cd player, etc.; 3eisé3oó ni internal organ
oriole: séskout na oriole
ornament: neyoo'uut ni 1) ornament, 2) cosmetics, makeup
Osage: wosootiinén na Osage
other side: tokóóxuunííhi' adv across, on the other side; kóxtoúúte' ni a location on the other side of a hill or mountain
other: kóxuu- pv another, alternative, different; honohúbe' particle on the opposite side, on the other side; henees- pv strange, foreign, other; hoo3óó'o' na 1) (plural) others, 2) (plural) the rest, 3) (plural) some
otter: yeiy na otter
otterweed: yéyeinoxúús ni hairgrass, may also be called 'otterweed', scientific name Eleocharis spp.
ouch: 'oo'hó exclamation ouch!; 'oo'xú exclamation ouch!
out: noehí- vai to come or go out, come or go outside; nouu3ííhi- vai to move out (e.g. of a house, camp); bis- pv up, out
outdoors: cé'e3í' particle outdoors, outside
outhouse: céénokuhcehéíno'oowú' ni outhouse, bathroom, restroom; biihííno'oowú' ni outhouse
outlaw: heeci'eicihít na outlaw; heeci'eicihííni- vai to be an outlaw
outside: cé'e3í' particle outdoors, outside; nóuúhcehí- vai to run outside, go outside quickly
outstanding: nééheekúú- vai to be outstanding
over there: húú3e' particle there, over there; 3ebíisííhi' adv in that direction, towards over there
over: béetó'oo- vii 1) to be finished, over, done with, 2) to pass away, 3) to run out, disappear; bee3iiníse- vii to be finished, over; kóxu3i' particle over a hill, over a ridge
over: kox3ííhi' adv over the top of a hill or mountain, on the other side of a hill or mountain
overpower: néétoxuuh- vta to overpower s.o.
overseas: 3ebóóxonóo particle 1) overseas, across the ocean, any place overseas or across the ocean, 2) across the river
oversee: heetéíhiiwoon- vta to oversee s.o.
overtake: cóówo'on- vta to overtake s.o.
overweight: cowooówu- vai to be obese, overweight
owe: hoo3i'ín- vta 1) to have a hold on s.o., have a line around s.o.'s feet, 2) to be owed money by s.o.
owl: nookubee3ei na 1) white owl, 2) used figuratively to refer to snowy weather or frost; béé3ei be'éíh na eastern screech owl; béé3ei béeséí3 na great horned owl; béé3ei na owl; tebe'eibee3ei na prairie owl, burrowing owl
own: nííhenéíhi- vai to own something, possess something
ox: híítoohuunóókec na ox; niikoo'ouútisee3i' na oxen (pl.)
pace: hiince'ísee- vai to pace, walk back and forth; toko'óó ni pace, measure; heneebísee- vai to pace around, walk anxiously
pack rat: bééxookuu na 1) pack rat, 2) wood rat
pack: bííno3óóhu- vai to carry a load, pack something; bííno3oon- vta to load s.o. (anim. obj.) with things, pack s.o. up with things
packhorse: bííno3éeenóóx na packhorse; hiníínoxuunóóx na packhorse
padlock: có'ootoo'ohóe ni padlock
pail: niice'enooó ni pail
pain: hesowowú3eií- vai to be in pain; sesiinóókowuu- vai to be in pain; hoonotóú'u- vai to feel pain from being burned
paint bag: hinowun ce'eiyoo ni paint bag
paint: ho'éeét ni 1) paint, 2) clay; nookóóbe' ni kaolin, white clay for ceremonial painting, white paint; bé'en- vta to paint s.o. red; bo'xúsin- vta to paint s.o. red ceremonially; béí'oo'oee3- vti to paint s.t. red; wo'teenóóbe' ni black paint; wo'tóóbe' ni black paint; woxusíít ni ceremonial paint; nookoo3eines ni green paint; hinów na red ceremonial paint; wóxusii- vai to paint ceremonially; hóóno'oéi- vai to paint, e.g. a wall; hoono'oeé3- vta to paint s.o.; woxúsn- vta to paint s.o. ceremonially; ho'oeétii- vai to paint something; nihoonóóbe' ni yellow paint
paintbrush: woxesiit ni paintbrush; ho'oee3oo ni paintbrush
painter, ceremonial: woxusyéíhii na person who paints ceremonially
painter: ho'éíhii na painter
pair: heeniisóóneenóú'u vii 1) there are two of them, there is a pair, 2) there are twins
palate: wonóu'o ni-dep palate
pale: nooku'éí- vai to be pale
palm: sei'3éé3oo ni palm of hand
palomino: nonookúúsooninéét na palomino
pamper: téí'yoonoo3- vta 1) to treat s.o. like a child, 2) to to pamper s.o.
pan: besnóoó ni 1) wooden vessel such as pan or plate, 2) extended to dishes or tableware not made from wood; ko'yeiyóó ni frying pan, skillet
panther: wo'teenbexóókee na black panther
pants: wótoo ni 1) pants, trousers, leggings, 2) (pl.) underwear, panties; nih'óótoohéé- vai to be wearing tight pants
paper: ce'éíyoó ni 1) container, 2) paper bag; wo3ónohóe ni paper, book, notebook, mail, anything made of paper
parent: nenííheií na-dep my parents
parfleche: ho'úwoonó3 ni parfleche, bag for jerked meat
participate: nohcó'oo- vai to participate, take part in something; nííhoobéínoh'úúnee- vai to be allowed to participate
partner: béíteh'éí na-dep friend, partner
pass along: cebíxotii- vai 1) to pass something along, as a custom or ceremony, 2) to carry something; cébtii- vai to pass something along
pass away: béetóó'oo- vai 1) to be gone, 2) to have passed away, died
pass gas: cééti- vai to fart, break wind, pass gas
pass on: cebenowuun- vta to pass on s.t. to s.o.; cebén- vta to pass s.o. on; cebén- vti to pass s.t. on
pass out: cee'én- vti to distribute s.t., pass s.t. out; neetih'ebí- vai to pass out (e.g. from drinking)
pass: cebísee- vai to pass by, go by, walk by; cebii'óónoo- vii to come to be, come to pass; ceb- pv pass by; cebikóóhuuhéí- vai to pass by, when on horseback; cebikóóhu- vai to pass by, travelling in a vehicle; cowoo'úsee- vai to pass by when in a wheeled vehicle such as a wagon or wheelchair; cebe'éí'oo- vii 1) to be passed by, 2) to be left behind (in travelling); cebíhcehí- vai to pass rapidly by, run by
past tense: nih- pv past tense
past: 3ebóoséi3ííhi' adv 1) back there, away over there, 2) in the past; cebííhi' adv beyond, past; heh- pv narrative past tense form used with numbers; tih'ii- pv past habitual, whenever; he'ih- pv TAM preverb, glossed NARR because it is used in the narrative past tense, requires Irrealis conjugation
paste: kohyóhoé ni glue, paste
pastry: nisíkoc ni cake, baked goods, pastry
pasture: 3einóóxobee ni pasture
path: nóoxeihíít ni a path, tracks
paunch: béé3ií ni 1) belly, paunch, 2) lining of the paunch of an animal
pay attention!: noníh particle pay attention!, listen up!
pay: hóótoonéíhi- vai to be paid; hoonotoonowuun- vta to pay for s.o.; hoonotoon- vta to pay s.o.
paycheck: nooko3onohóé ni paycheck
pea: ce'wonííhiiho' ni peas (pl.)
peacefulness: ní'onéébetíít ni peacefulness, feeling good together
peach: biisíb ni peach; beniisíce'éé' ni peach
peak: 3onouyoteyóó' ni peak of a mountain
pear: 3ouuyice'ee' ni pear
pearly everlasting: céínohúútono ni pearly everlasting, scientific name Anaphalis margaritacea
peavine: 3ííkonwonííhiiho' ni (pl.) possibly chainpod, peavine, scientific name Hedysarum spp., or sweetclover, scientific name Melilotus spp.
peek: hiiwookú'oo- vai 1) to peek, watch or see someone while hiding, 2) to spy on someone; hiiwoohob- vta to peek at s.o.
peel: ciixóen- vta to peel s.o.; ciixóen- vti to peel s.t.; cíhiixoén- vti to peel s.t.
peg: 3ííxo'óé ni 1) peg, 2) stake
pelican: heniiniibsíceit na pelican; 3iikó'ei na pelican
pellet: ceeteyéhit na marble, pellet
pemmican: ceb ni pemmican; biiniceb ni pemmican made with chokecherries
pen: wo3onóhooé ni writing implement, pen, pencil
pencil: wo3onóhooé ni writing implement, pen, pencil
penis: bó'os ni glans, head of the penis; bei3óó ni-dep penis
penitentiary: tóúkuhúúno'oowú' ni jail, penitentiary, prison
penny: nííbe'ehíht ni penny
pension: niiko'óéyei- vai to receive a pension, be on social security
penstemon: wookúúno' ni penstemon, beardtongue, scientific name Penstemon spp.
people: no'o3nentóóhu- vai to be a lot of people around
pepper: woo'teennih'óúcoo' ni black pepper; bee'nih'óúcoo' ni red pepper; nooknih'óúcoo' ni white pepper
peppermint: wóhoo na peppermint, mint scientific name Mentha penardi and Mentha arvensis
perceive: ní'obee- vai to be able to perceive something
perfect: beeyóó particle 1) perfect, just right, right on!, 2) directly
perfume: woxwohoonó' ni 1) a plant, possibly hyssop, scientific name Agastache spp., 2) a perfume made from this plant
perhaps: nooxéíhi' adv 1) maybe, perhaps, 2) probably; 3i'- pv maybe, perhaps
permit: xóuuwoo3ib- vta to permit s.o. to do something, allow s.o. to do something; xóuuwoo3ih- vta to permit s.o. to do something, allow s.o. to do something
persecute: néenonih- vta 1) to continually bother s.o., 2) to continually persecute s.o.; noxúuh- vta to bother s.o., persecute s.o.; nosóúnoxuuh- vta to keep bothering, harassing or persecuting someone
persist: noh'óunéé- vai to persist, keep trying
persistant: nih'óunéé- vai to keep trying something, be persistant
person: hinenítee na person
perspiration: kóúwo'oot ni perspiration, sweat
perspire: kouwo'óó- vai to perspire, sweat
pestle: 3o'ohóunoo ni pestle
pestle: 3o'ohuuwúnoo ni pestle for preparing jerky
pet: hitoníhi'- vai 1) to own a horse, 2) to have something as a pet; hitonoh'óoo3éíhi- vai to be taken as a pet by someone
petrolium jelly: seencéí ni petrolium jelly, Vaseline; ko'óéyoó ni petrolium jelly, Vaseline
peyote drum: hóho'yóóxuunó'eiihi' na peyote drum
Peyote Lodge: ho'yóóxuunokóy ni Peyote Lodge
peyote: hóho'oyóóx na 1) cactus, scientific name Cactaceae spp. and Opuntia spp., 2) peyote, scientific name Lophophora williamsii
pheasant: nih'oo3oucénee na pheasant; kóhtowucénee na pheasant; héyookoo3éíhii na pheasant; heeyookóó3iit na pheasant
phlox: tóóxu'óó' ni 1) phlox, scientific name Phlox spp., 2) thistle, scientific name Cirsium spp., probably Cirsium edule
photograph: wo3oninoo'óh- vta to take a picture of s.o., a photograph of s.o.; wo3oninoo'ootíí- vai to take a picture of something, a photograph of something; wo3oninoo'oo3éí- vai to take a picture, photograph; wo3onínoo'óót na 1) picture, 2) photograph
phrase: nihíít ni 1) word, 2) saying, phrase
physician: notónihéíhii na medicine man, doctor, physician
piano: niitouúkuu3óó ni piano
pick: tónohou3óo ni ice pick; cíh'o'wuuhóé ni pick; ko'úyei- vai to pick berries; ko'ún- vti to pick s.t. (e.g. a flower)
picture: wo3onínoo'óót na 1) picture, 2) photograph; wo3oninoo'óh- vta to take a picture of s.o., a photograph of s.o.; wo3oninoo'ootíí- vai to take a picture of something, a photograph of something; wo3oninoo'oo3éí- vai to take a picture, photograph
pie: beesbínoc ni pie
pierce: koxukóh- vti to pierce s.t., stab s.t.; ceitóóhetíít ni piercing of the ears; ceiteehí- vai to have pierced ears; tones- vta to pierce a hole in s.o.; tonen- vti to pierce a hole in s.t.; ceitóóh- vta to pierce someone's ears
pig: nih'oo3ouwóx na pig; see'ii3éét na pig
pigeon: bííteih'íí na 1) pigeon, 2) dove
piggyback: 3éí'iikoh- vta to carry s.o. piggyback
pike: biiseenówo' na pike
pile up: co'óóbe'éín- vti to pile s.t. up, e.g. dirt
pile: nó'otooyéítee' vii there is a big pile of something; co'ooyéíse- vii to be piled up; co'ooyeitíí- vai to pile something, e.g. wood
pill: ceeteyóúhu' ni pill
pillow: be'íitóoó na 1) triangular back rest made of willow twigs, 2) pillow; wohunohóé ni ?backrest, pillow; be'íitóoó na 1) triangular back rest made of willow twigs, 2) pillow
pin: bei ni needle, pin
pinch: 3i'ci3- vta to pinch s.o.
pine: hiséé3 ni spruce, pine, scientific name Pinus spp.; nóókusee3 ni lodgepole pine tree, scientific name Pinus contorta
pink: bihceyóó- vii to be pink
pinnacle: 3i'óó' vii there is a protuberance, mountain, pinnacle
pinto: kookúteenéíht na pinto
pipe stem: hí'e3 ni pipe stem
pipe: hiixóóko- vta to fill a pipe; híicóoó na pipe, cigar, cigarette; se'eicooo ni Flat Pipe; ?houno3oniiicoo ni a 'pipe of settlement'; niibíicó'onee- vai to carry a pipe along on a trip and use it for smoking
pistol: tó'oo' ni pistol, revolver
pitch: cei na 1) gum, pitch, resin, 2) sap; see3céí ni pine pitch, pine resin, pine sap
pitchfork: néésouni- vii to be forked into three prongs; yeneiyóúni' ni four-pronged pitchfork
pitiful: hetebínouhúúni- vai 1) to be pitiful, 2) to be feeble, 3) to be poor
pity: howóuunon- vta 1) to have mercy on s.o., 2) take pity on s.t., 3) sympathize with s.o.; hówouunónetíít ni mercy, pity
place: ciiníhi- vii to be placed down, laid down; ciinéntoyóótiini' vii people have placed/are placing something ceremonially, as part of a ceremony
plain: hí3o'owúú' ni 1) prairie, 2) plain
plane: céctonoxónoo ni plane (tool); cectonóx- vti to plane s.t.
plank: se'íbes ni board, plank
plant: ciinéyei- vai to plant, sow; bisí'i'oot na plant; ciinén- vii to plant s.t.
plaster: hokóxesnouyóó ni plaster; hokóxesnouyéí- vai to plaster, put plaster on
plate: besnóoó ni 1) wooden vessel such as pan or plate, 2) extended to dishes or tableware not made from wood; se'nóoó ni plate
play: cóú'utii- vai 1) to bother something or someone, 2) to play with something casually; hiiníkotiih- vta 1) to play with s.o., 2) to tease or trick s.o.; hiiníkotíí- vai to play; níibei'eikúú3ei- vai to play a wind instrument, e.g. a flute; sei'kuu3éí- vai to play cards; hiiníkotiib- vta to play with s.o.
playing card: sei'kuu3óó ni playing card
please: kookóú'unéíhii particle special address form used in prayers, 'please, please let it be'
pledge: hiihkohóó'oo- vai to take an oath, make a pledge, swear; seyeineeceenóhoe- vai to pledge something in a traditional manner
pledger: yoohúúhuu na pledger, e.g. of a dance; yonoohút na pledger, e.g. of a dance; nookuhisei na the pledger of the woman's Buffalo dance
Pleiades: beenokú3i' na Pleiades
Pleiades: neniisootoxu3i' heneeceeno' na Pleiades
plentiful: nii3óyeisóó- vii to be plentiful; nii3óyeiseihí- vai to be plentiful; nii3óyeiteihí- vai to be plentiful
pliable: 3o'eiínoo- vii to be pliable
pliers: tooyo'óénoo' ni pliers
plover: kóokóosóóneet na ?mountain plover
plow: 3ó'o'wúúci3óo ni plow; 3ó'o'wuucí3ei- vai to plow
pluck: ko'ún- vti to pull s.t. out, pluck s.t. out; ko'ún- vti to pluck s.t., pull s.t. off; ko'ookuunen- vta to pluck out s.o.'s feathers; ko'ounín- vta to pluck s.o. (anim. obj.)
plug: hokohóe ni 1) cover, 2) lid, 3) plug
plum: beesíb ni 1) plum, 2) can be extended to include other large-seeded fruit such as peaches and apricots
plume: bíií na feather, plume; nóókookuu 1) white plume, 2) white mouse; bííxonoo na plume
plump: co'oxóee- vai to be plump
pneumonia: xookówobeihíít ni pneumonia; xookowobéíhi- vai to have pneumonia
pocket: nísiyoono3óo ni pocket
pocketbook: niisbéí'ici3eiyóó ni pocketbook, purse
pocketknife: coo'óótoo'únoo'oo' wooxé ni pocketknife
pointed: 3ouu- pv cone-shaped, pointed; 3ouúyoo- vii to be cone-shaped, pointed; 3ouuyéíhi- vai to be cone-shaped, pointed; toxu'éíhi- vai 1) to be pointed, 2) to be sharp; toxu'óó- vii to be pointed, sharp
pointy: 3í'e'éí- vii to be pointy (e.g. a mountain, rock or land formation); 3í'e'eííte- vii to be pointy, there are protuberances (e.g. peaks on a mountain range or a rock formation)
poison ivy: nihóúsoo3eihíího ni poison ivy; nih'óúsoo3eihíího' poison ivy, scientific name Toxicodendron rydbergii
poison: nohkuuxonó3oó ni poison; nohkuuxonóh- vta to poison s.o.
poke: notoo'óh- vta to poke around for something (animate object) using an instrument (e.g. a stick, a fork)
poke: notoo'óh- vti to poke around for something using an instrument (e.g. a stick, a fork)
poker: noo'oekúú3oot ni poker (in cards); 3oo'oo'ohóe ni poker (tool); héétoo'ohóe ni poker (tool); koxukoo'ohóe ni poker (tool)
polar bear: nóókox na 1) white bear, 2) polar bear
pole strap: nóho'eyici3óo ni pole strap (of a harness)
pole: hokóóx na tepee pole
police: touku3éíhii na police officer
polite: teteesih- vta to treat s.o. in a friendly manner, treat s.o. politely
pond: coo'oowúse' ni pond
pony: teitóóx na Shetland pony
poor: hetebínouhúúni- vai 1) to be pitiful, 2) to be feeble, 3) to be poor; hetebínouhuunóó- vii 1) to be in poor condition , 2) to be deteriorating
pop: niscih'ebíít ni a sweet beverage (e.g. lemonade or pop); ko'étee- vii to pop, make a popping sound
poplar: koo'einkóehit na poplar
Popo Agie: Boo'oowú' ni 1) town of Hudson, WY, 2) Popo Agie creek
popular: hii'éíhi- vai to be popular
porch: toukóóhowoot ni 1) lean-to, 2) porch, 3) umbrella
Porcupine Child: houusoo na Porcupine Child
porcupine: hooníno' na 1) quill, 2) ?porcupine; houtíhii ni 1) porcupine tail, 2) comb made from porcupine quills; hoo na porcupine
pork: nih'óó3ouwoxuunoséíno' ni pork
possess: níi3iní- vii 1) to be held, possessed, 2) to be available, at one's disposal; nííhenéíhi- vai to own something, possess something; nii3ín- vta to keep s.o., possess s.o., hold s.o.; nii3ín- vti to keep s.t., possess s.t.; níí3nowóó- vai to permanently possess something for oneself; hííyoo3nii3ín- vti to possess s.t. cleanly
post: 3í'ookuu3óó ni fence post
postpone: wo'obén- vti 1) to move s.t., 2) to postpone s.t.
pot: sii'ohwó'oyeinooó ni pot
potato: cee'éé' ni 1) spherical root such as a turnip or potato, also takes preverbs to form neologisms for any spherical fruit or vegetable, 2) Indian breadroot, scientific name Pediomelum esculentum, 3) lemon scurfpea, scientific name Psoralidium lanceolatum
potential: ni'- pv potential, able to; héíh- pv potential, could have, would have; héí- pv potential, could happen, could occur
pouch: touse3óo ni pouch or bag for tobacco, pipe, porcupine quills, etc.
pound: 3o'óh- vti to pound s.t., shatter s.t.; 3o'óhcei- vai to pound meat, pound jerky
pour: kouskuutii- vai 1) to pour something, 2) to spill something; híítoo'oo- vai to come 'pouring' (i.e. in large numbers, rapidly); hiitóón- vti to pour s.t.; híítookúútii- vai to pour something rapidly
powder horn: kokuyoono3oot ni 1) powder horn, 2) bullet pouch
Powder River: ce'í3eeniicííhehe' placename Powder River, WY
powder: konoho'ú3oó ni powder
power: nó'otéíhi- vai 1) to be tough, mean, 2) to have power; wóxu' ni 1) medicine, 2) spiritual or ceremonial power or authority; niihénehéí3it- vti to own some power or skill which was given by a superhuman source; woxú'oo3- vta to grant s.o. special power or authority, either temporary or permanent, so that they can accomplish some task or ceremonial duty; nó'o3ehéít- vti to have a lot of superhuman power
powerful: no'otéíhi- vai to be powerful
prairie dog: coo3óni' na prairie dog
prairie: hí3o'owúú' ni 1) prairie, 2) plain
pray: bee3h- vta to bless s.o., pray for s.o. to be successful; níísih- vta to bless s.o., pray over s.o.; hówoo'oo- vai to pray, worship; biibí3ehííhii na person who prays; hówooyéítoo- vai to engage in prayer for oneself; biibi3ehí- vai to pray; hówooyéíti- vai to pray (especially in a ritual traditional way involving crying and pleading)
prayer: hówoo'óót ni worship, prayer, act of worshipping or praying; howooyéítiit ni prayer; biibí3ehiit ni prayer
precipice: hoxotóóno' ni cliff, precipice
pregnant: coonéíhi- vai to be pregnant
prepare: bii3béé- vai to cook, prepare food; néenóú'u- vai to get ready for something, prepare for something; néenóú'uh- vta to prepare s.o., get s.o. ready; neenout- vti to prepare for s.t., get ready for s.t.; neenouhúútonéíhiinóó' vii a thing has been prepared for someone to use; néenóootiini' vii things have been prepared, are being prepared; hiise'énou'útii- vai to get something ready, prepare something; hiise'énou'uh- vta to prepare someone (animate object); neenóútii- vai to prepare something
present: héntoo- vai 1) to be present, 2) be in a particular place, be located somewhere; nééceenóhoó ni gift; héntóu- vii to be located here, to be present
president: niinooxúwut 1) government, 2) person in a position of government leadership such as a governor or president
pretend: bei' particle suppose that ..., "let's pretend that ..."; nénesnouúsee- vai to pretend to go outside
pretty: hi3éíhi- vai 1) to be good, 2) to be good looking, pretty; bébeenéíhi- vai to be beautiful, pretty; hi3ówoonéíhi- vai to be good-looking, attractive, pretty
price: hee3oúh'u' ni price
prickly currant: hiwóxuuyéino' ni gooseberries, prickly currants, scientific name Ribes lacustre
prickly: tootoxu'óó- vii to be prickly; tootoxu'éíhi- vai to be prickly
priest: béteennih'óó3oo na minister, priest, preacher, missionary; heenínouhut na 1) Catholic priest, 2) sometimes extended to a Catholic person in general
prison: tóúkuhúúno'oowú' ni jail, penitentiary, prison
prisoner: toukuhúúhuu na prisoner
privy: biihííno'oowú' ni bathroom, privy
privy: niitkooneetóótiini' ni privy, toilet
probably: nooxéíhi' adv 1) maybe, perhaps, 2) probably
proceed: neecísee- vai to go on along, move along, proceed; cebíseenoo- vii to proceed, happen, go on
procure: cééstoo- vai to procure or obtain something, buy something (typically for oneself); cééston- vta to procure or obtain something for s.o., buy something for s.o.; céésih- vta to procure or obtain s.o. (anim. obj., e.g. a horse)
prod: heeto'ón- vta to prod s.o.
pronghorn antelope: nisíce na 1) antelope, pronhorn antelope, 2) water strider
pronoun: neneení3i' pronoun they, third person plural pronoun; nenéénit pronoun he, she, third person pronoun; nééni- vai stem for a verb that forms pronouns
proper: xóuuwúnihíí- vai to speak in a straight, proper, truthful way; bebíí3enéíhi- vai to have been corrected, made proper; xóuuwutoo- vai to act straight, act properly; xóuuwúseenóó- vii to proceed in a straight or proper way; bebíisííhi' adv properly, correctly; ceceecó'ohú- vai to be ceremonially proper; ceceecó'ohuunííni- vii to be ceremonially proper; ceceecó'ohú- vii to be ceremonially proper
properly: hííyoo3ííhi' adv 1) cleanly, 2) properly, respectfully; bebíis- pv properly, correctly
protect: hééteniih- vta 1) to protect s.o., 2) to take care of s.o., 3) to watch over s.o.
protuberance: 3i'óó' vii there is a protuberance, mountain, pinnacle
provide: cééstowuun- vta to provide for s.o.
provoke: heswóoo3ih- vta 1) to offend s.o., 2) to provoke s.o.
prune: wo'teenbeesíb ni prune
pubic hair: biisíyoo ni pubic hair of a man; bíísohoo ni pubic hair (woman's)
puddle: coo'óowúse' ni 1) body of water, 2) puddle
pull down: cenííkuu3- vta to pull s.o. down
pull out: koyikuutii- vai to pull something out of someplace, free something; ko'ún- vti to pull s.t. out, pluck s.t. out
pull: ko'ún- vti to pluck s.t., pull s.t. off; tei'iniihí- vai to pull; hiincó'ooceíhcehí- vai to pull back and forth rapidly on a rope or rope-like object; nih'ooceiin- vta to pull on s.o.; hetóocéín- vti to pull out a rope or rope-like object; ko'ookúteen- vta to pull out s.o.'s tooth; ko'óóneen- vta to pull s.o. off; héé3ten- vta to pull s.o. toward oneself; cenííkuutii- vai to pull something down; héikóó3en- vti to pull up the side (of a tipi)
pulsate: ko'ohúúni- vii to throb, pulsate
pulse: ko'ohúú- vai to pulse, throb; ko'ohúú ni pulse
pump: nisoníciitoow- vta to inflate s.o., pump s.o. up (animate object, e.g. a tire); nisoníciitóó3oó ni pump; ciitóó3oó ni tire pump
pumpkin: cebéíhko' na pumpkin
punch: to'ob- vta to hit s.o., punch s.o., strike s.o.
puncture: tono'óh- vta to puncture s.o.; tono'óh- vti to puncture s.t.
pungent desert parsley: nii'éétee' ni a plant known as bear root, biscuit root, pungent desert parsley or consumption plant, scientific name Lomatium dissectum, described by Kroeber as "a greasy, carrot-like root" (TA:32)
pupa: bííseenii3óóteeyoo ni 1) chrysalis , 2) pupa
pupil: neyei3éíhii na 1) pupil, student, 2) reader, literate person; hinéntehe na pupil (of the eye)
puppy: he3ebiisoo na puppy
purchase: céne3eih- vta 1) to knock s.o. down or off someplace, 2) to purchase s.o.; céne3éíh- vti 1) to knock s.t. down or off someplace, 2) to purchase s.t.; hotóónoot- vti to buy s.t., purchase s.t.
pure: hiiyootéénebéíhi- vai to be known to be clean or pure, be thought of as clean or pure; hííyoo3ítii- vai to keep something clean and pure; hiiyoot- pv 1) pure, 2) clean; hiiyóótoowu' vii (water) to be pure
purse: niisbéí'ici3eiyóó ni pocketbook, purse
pus: ben ni pus
pus: benííni- vii to be full of pus
push: he3kúu3- vta ?to pull s.o. towards oneself; hee3kúú3- vta to push s.o.; hééten- vta to push s.o.; hée3kúútii- vai to push something away
put back: ce'3éín- vti to put s.t. back inside something, e.g. a container; ce'3einowuun- vta to put something back inside a container for s.o.
put in: 3ei'ikuu3ee- vai put something inside something else
put on: cíí3ibii- vai to put on a clothes; ciitotó'nii- vai to put on a hat; ciitotoohoe- vai to put on pants; ciito'óhnii- vai to put on shoes; ciitosóúhuníí- vai to put on socks; ciitó'- vti to put s.t. on
put one's head inside: 3einé'eini- vai to put one's head inside a place or area
put out a fire: nío'óótonéé- vai to put out a fire well, put out a fire completely
put out: hóótonee- vai to put out a fire
put up a lodge: yóóhu- vai to put up a ceremonial lodge, especially Sun Dance
put up: heeteinih- vta to put s.o. up overnight
put: ciinén- vti 1) to lay s.t. down, put s.t. down, 2) to put a bad experience behind one; híísibén- vta 1) to lay s.o. down, put s.o. down, 2) to put s.o. to bed; 3i'ookuutii- vai to stand something up, set something in an upright position; ciiníhi- vii to be placed down, laid down; cíínen- vta 1) to put s.o. down, 2) release s.o., let s.o. loose; teesciinén- vti to put s.t. down on top of something; teexciinén- vti to put s.t. down on top of something
quail: cénee na grouse, sage grouse; noo'oheicénee na quail; cénee na quail; cénoho' na quail
Quaker: soo'to'onéét na Quaker
quaking aspen: bíiít ni 1) quaking aspen, scientific name Populus tremuloides, 2) elms, scientific name Ulmus spp.?
quarrel: cehyootíít ni quarrel; cehyoootí- vai to quarrel; cehyoootííb- vta to quarrel with s.o.
quarry: hiinoo'ei3oó quarry (animal being hunted); hoh'onóókeeniititenéíht ni quarry (source of stone)
quarter: cebeenííhi' quarter
queen: neecéései na queen
queer: cee'ínoyoo- vii to be strange, queer, weird
question: noton- vta to ask s.o., ask s.o. a question; koo- proclitic indicates a yes/no question; nottówoó ni question
queue: nii3niiteiyeekúú- vai to stand in a line, queue
quick: noxnonéíhi- vai to be quick
quickly: nóxohu- vii to be rapid, occur quickly; nóxohoe- pv quickly, rapidly; nóxhoenííhi' adv quickly, rapidly; níhi'- pv quickly; céece3ó'oh particle quickly, before you know it
quicksand: neenkouté' ni quicksand
quiet: téiitooyóó- vii to be calm, still, quiet; teiitoonéíhi- vai 1) to be quiet, 2) to sit still, 3) to be well behaved; téiitoonéíhi- vai to be quiet, calm, still; teiitooyóó- vii to be quiet
quietly: téiitoonííhi' adv quietly, in a quiet way
quill: hooníno' na 1) quill, 2) ?porcupine; beniiihí' adv quilled, decorated with quill work; niibiii- vai to do quill work
quilt: cechóu ni quilt, quilted blanket; nitootoukuto'óh- vti to quilt s.t.
quirt: niskohóe ni switch, whip, quirt
quit: ciintíí- vai to quit
quiver: ciitó3oo ni 1) quiver, 2) gun case
quotation: ciitou3ooko3inihíít ni quotation
Rabbit Lodge: nookuhoowú' ni Rabbit Lodge
rabbit: nóókohwóót ni rabbit dance; nóóku na 1) cottontail rabbit, or used for rabbits generally, 2) hare; nowootooku na rabbit; nookúhsoo na young rabbit
rabbitbrush: nooku'úúsii ni rabbitbrush, scientific name Chrysothamnus spp.
raccoon: tékooninéíhii na raccoon; téetékooninéíhii na raccoon
race horse: nonóúhtiinóóx na race horse
race: nonóúti- vai to race; nonóúhetiib- vta to race against s.o.; nonoutííb- vta to race s.o.; nonóúheti- vai to race (with each other)
racehorse: nonoutiinóóx na racehorse
racer: niixooseiht na racer snake
rack: hóú3oó ni rack, shelf
radio: céi3iwooó na 1) spirit, 2) (pl.) radio
rag: nih'oo3ooyóu ni rag
ragweed: wó'teenóókhoosé' ni possibly ragweed, scientific name Ambrosia psilostachya
raid: bisííten- vti 1) to attack s.t., 2) to raid s.t.; bisííton- vta to attack s.o., raid s.o.
railroad station: teesihcehéíno'oowú' ni railroad station, train station
railroad: héso'oobooó ni railroad
rain: ceitoosoo' vii rain is approaching; hoosóó- vii to rain; hoosootí- vii to rain; cenoosóó- vii to rain down; nootoosóó- vii to rain heavily; no'otoosóóti- vii to rain heavily
rainbow: noyóót na 1) rainbow, 2) fishhook, fishing gear, 3) ?trap; boh'ooonoyóót na rainbow
rainwater: hoosoonéc ni rainwater
raise: noh'en- vti to lift s.t. by hand, raise s.t. up; héikóó3eni' vii it has the sides raised up; híhcení- vii to be raised up (especially ceremonially); hihce'éí- vai to raise one's head; nih'ih'oh- vta to raise s.o.; hiisí'i'oot- vta to raise s.o. (a child, an animal); heenéikóó3en- vti to raise the sides of a tipi
raisin: bííbinoot ni 1) berry, 2) extended to other small roundish fruit such as grape or raisin; biinóh'o ni (pl.) raisins
rake: wonóhnookúteenóó' ni hand rake; hoo'einoxuyóó ni rake; hoo'einoxun- vta to rake s.o. (anim. obj.); hoo'einoxún- vti to rake s.t.
ramrod: wosohóe 1) ramrod, 2) ?foreman
rancher: wóókeciinén na rancher, cattleman
rancid: woxúse- vii to be bad, decaying (e.g. flesh) rancid, rotten, spoiled; woxoowúse- vii (a liquid, e.g. milk) to be rotten, spoiled, rancid
rank: hecóxookei na 1) a person of small rank or stature, 2) a child, not a grown-up; hecóxookéíhi- vai 1) to be a person of small rank or stature (figuratively), 2) to be a child
rape: hi3kuu3- vta 1) to grab s.o., seize s.o., capture s.o., 2) to rape s.o.
rapid: nóxohu- vii to be rapid, occur quickly
rapidly: nóxohoe- pv quickly, rapidly; nóxhoenííhi' adv quickly, rapidly
rapist: hi3kuu3éíhii na rapist, sexual or violent criminal predator, serial killer
rare: howooyóó- vii to be rare
rasberry: honíí'o na, ni rasberry, scientific name Rubus idaeus
rash: cecii'éíhi- vai to have a rash
rat: heebetookúú na rat
rather: cííno'on- pv fairly, rather, intensifier
ration: hoxóbetíit ni ration
rattle: síísiiy na 1) gourd, 2) rattle (traditionally made of a gourd)
rattlesnake: hiinohcéíneeyoonít na rattlesnake; nohceinééyeihii na rattlesnake
raven: woxúúxonéíhii na raven
raw: besoonobéé- vai to eat raw meat; besooyóó- vii (meat) to be raw
rawhide: ho'úwoonóx ni rawhide bag; ko'eiyóó ni 1) rawhide, 2) moccasin sole; koo'eiyóó ni rawhide (of a buffalo, horse, cow)
razor: kó'neebi'eistíít ni razor
reach: héetéét- vti to reach a location; hitét- vti to reach a place; nó'neetíí- vai to reach a place, get to a place; hitetén- vta to reach s.o.; hitetén- vti to reach s.t.
read: neyéítii- vai 1) to go to school, 2) to learn, 3) to read; neyei3éí- vai 1) to count, 2) to read, 3) to study, go to school, be a student; neyéitíí- vti to read s.t., count s.t.
ready: teekó'- vti 1) to fit s.t. (e.g. clothes), 2) to be ready or suited for s.t. (e.g. a power); neenout- vti to prepare for s.t., get ready for s.t.; hiise'énou'ú- vai to be ready; hiise'énoúúton- vta to be ready for s.o.; néenóuuton- vta to be ready for s.o.
real: hí3oowúúhu' adv in a real or true manner; hee3neenéé- vii to be real; hee3neenééni- vai to be real
really: sii- proclitic intensifier, really, a lot, very; sii- pv very, really; hóuunée- pv really, extremely, the most
rear: xóó'oekúú'oo- vai 1) to kneel, 2) (a horse) ?to rear; níicíbe' particle in back, especially in the back of the camp, in the rear; níicibísee- vai to walk to the back, walk to the rear; xóekuu'oo- vai (a horse) to rear; hitooxúúhu' adv in the rear; hitooxe'einííhi' adv in the rear; hisóóne' ni rear end
reason: kookón particle 1) for no reason, without a clear reason, just for any reason, 2) just anything; kon- proclitic for no reason, for just any reason; kookuyón particle for no reason, without care or discernment
rebuke: totoub- vta 1) to dissuade s.o., to talk s.o. out of something, 2) to rebuke s.o., scold s.o., correct s.o.
recall: woonée'ín- vti to recall s.t., remember s.t. after having forgotten
receive a power: hitétehéí3tonéíhi- vai to have been given a power from superman sources; hitétehéí3it- vti to receive a power or skill as a blessing from superhuman sources; nó'otehéí3it- vti to receive a lot of power (via a gift from superhuman sources)
receive: hitétehii3íton- vta to receive s.o. (anim. obj.) as a gift; hitétehii3ít- vti to receive s.t. as a gift; hitéteihi- vai to receive something
recently: hoowkóú3iihi' particle recently; woonííhi' particle recently
reckless: hésiinootéíhi- vai 1) to be fast, have fast reflexes, 2) to be reckless
recognition: néhtiihetíít ni recognition, recognizing one another
recognize: nehtiih- vta to recognize s.o., know who s.o. is; néhtiitii- vai to recognize something; néhtowóót- vti to recognize the sound of s.t.
recognized: néhtiihí- vii to be known, recognized, familiar
recoil: nito'oxówoonoo- vii to recoil (e.g. a gun); ni3i'eséí'oo- vai to recoil (e.g. a snake)
record: niibeiikúú3oo ni something that makes music or sound, e.g. an organ (musical instrument), phonograph record, audio tape, cd, tape player, cd player, etc.
recover: biscitíí- vai 1) to dig up, uncover, 2) to recover or revive something; hinentéení- vai 1) to recover, feel well again, 2) to be back where one belongs; hinentééni- vai to recover
rectify: ni'ítii- vai to rectify something, make something right
red birch: nííyoo'óé ni red-bush, red birch, mountain birch, water birch, scientific name Betula fontinalis
red hot: bei'icítee- vii to be red hot; be'exoh'ú- vai to be red hot; béí'ici3éíhi- vai to be red hot
red: bé'en- vta to paint s.o. red; bo'xúsin- vta to paint s.o. red ceremonially; béí'oo'oee3- vti to paint s.t. red; bo'óúu'éí'oo- vai 1) to turn red, 2) to blush; be'- pv red; béí'iní- vii to be painted red; béí'inéíhi- vai to be painted red ceremonially; be'éé- vii to be red; be'éíhi- vai to be red; be'ééni- vii to be red; be'e3oo'óó- vii to glow red; béí'ini- vai to have been painted red ceremonially; bé'en- vti to make s.t. red; béí'i'ei- vai to paint oneself red; be'ínoo'óó- vii to turn red
redhead: bee'éé'eit na redhead
red-tailed hawk: níhoono3oyéíhii na red-tailed hawk
reed: yéyeinoxúús ni reed, otter weed
reel: níhi'kóohúúnoo'oo- vai to reel, be suddenly running, as when landing from flight
refrigerator: toyoowóó3oo ni icebox, refrigerator; toyóówusé3oo ni icebox, refrigerator
regard: híí3eenebéíhi- vai how someone was thought of, regarded
regularly: héénoo particle 1) regularly, generally, as a rule, 2) purposefully, on purpose
regulation: hooxuwúút ni 1) law, 2) rule, 3) regulation
rein: toyooceiyóoóno ni 1) rein, 2) a long scarf worn during the Dog Lodge ceremony
reinforce: tei'tíí- vai to reinforce something
reject: ciino'óúb- vta to reject s.o.
rejoice: honowu3ehí- vai to rejoice
rekindle: koxku3ééyei- vai to rekindle a fire
relate: hoo3ítoon- vta to tell s.o. a story, tell s.o about something
related: hinííto'éíbetí- vai to be related to one another, treat one another as if related; hiniito'éíb- vta to be related to s.o.
relationship: hiniito'éíbetí- vai to unite in a long stable relationship, establish a relationship
release: cíínen- vta 1) to put s.o. down, 2) release s.o., let s.o. loose; cíínkuu3- vta to release s.o., to let s.o. go, let s.o. loose
reliable: hííxonoh'oehííni- vai 1) to be mature, grown up, 2) to be reliable, dependable
religion: beyoowú'u ni (pl.) Arapaho religious and ceremonial life, especially ceremonial dances such as the Sun Dance and dances of each of the lodges
rely: he'eeneb- vta to rely on s.o.
remain: nííhonéíhi- vai to be somewhere a long time, especially when this requires effort or strain; né'eh'éntoo- vai to remain someplace
remediate: hííneyó'otii- vai to remediate a situation, make things better
remember: toyóú'uuwu- vai to remember a lesson, learn something and keep it in mind; he'ín- vti 1) to know s.t., understand s.t., 2) to keep s.t. in mind, remember s.t.; 3óó3eeneb- vta 1) to remember s.o., 2) to think about s.o.; 3óó3eenéét- vti 1) to remember s.t., 2) to think about s.t.; 3onooxu3ecóó- vai to remember; 3onoo3eenów- vta to remember s.o.; 3onóó3eeneb- vta to remember s.o.
reminisce: cé'no'ú3ecóót- vti to think back on s.t., reminisce about s.t.
remote: nooó' particle in a remote place; nooo'úsee- vai to go to a remote place
remove: wotí'esóó- vii to be removed; wotí'etóótiini- vii to be taken away, removed; ko'óh- vti to remove s.t. from something else
repair: bebíistíí- vai 1) to fix something, repair something, 2) to do something correctly; bebíi3en- vta to fix up or repair s.o.; bebíi3en- vti to fix up or repair s.t.; bebíisih- vta 1) to repair s.o. (animate obj.), 2) make s.o. right again, as in resting a tired horse
repeat: ce'néé'eesínihíí- vai to repeat oneself; ce'inihíí- vai to repeat something (verbally)
replace: hokootén- vta to replace s.o.; hokootén- vti to replace s.t.
request: níiit- vti to request s.t.; níiitowuun- vta to request something from s.o.
resemble: hí3on- vta to resemble s.o., look like s.o.
resent: héseinéét- vti 1) to hate s.t., 2) to resent s.t.; héseineb- vta to hate s.o., resent s.o.
reservoir: hokóuyóo ni reservoir
reside: hiine'étii- vai to live, reside
resin: see3céí ni pine pitch, pine resin, pine sap
resist: hóó3onéíhi- vai 1) to triumph over a challenge, resist successfully, 2) to be undefeatable; hóó3onih- vta to resist s.o., defeat s.o.
respect: niibobóóteenebéíht na a respected person; bobóóteenebéíhi- vai to be respected; bobooteenów- vta to respect s.o.; bobooteenéét- vti to respect s.t.; hookónoonééneb- vta to think of s.o. respectfully
respected: hookónooyóó- vii to be sacred, respected
respectful: hookónoonííhi' adv in a respectful or sacred manner; hookónoono'óó- vai to act consistently respectful; hookónoontoo- vai to do something in a respectful way; hookónooníseenóó- vii to occur in a respectful way; hookónooní3ecoo- vai to think in a respectful way
respectfully: hííyoo3ííhi' adv 1) cleanly, 2) properly, respectfully; hookónoonínihíít- vti to say or mention s.t. respectfully
respond: hooxóénihíí3- vta 1) to answer s.o., 2) to respond to s.o.; hooxóénihíí- vai to answer, respond
response: hóóxohóenííhi' adv in return, in response, in exchange; hóóxee- pv in exchange, in response, in return
rest: hoo3óó'o' na 1) (plural) others, 2) (plural) the rest, 3) (plural) some; toyeinou'óó- vai to rest; toyéinóús(ine)- vai to rest
restless: heneebínoo'óó- vai 1) to be frustrated, 2) to be restless
restroom: céénokuhcehéíno'oowú' ni outhouse, bathroom, restroom
retain: ne'ehnii3ín- vta to retain s.o.; ne'ehnii3ín- vti to retain s.t.
retaliate: hooxohéénowoo- vai to retaliate; hooxohéén- vta to retaliate against s.o.
retch: xo'ú3kuu3- vta to gag s.o., to cause s.o. to retch
return: hóóxee- pv in exchange, in response, in return; hóóxohóenííhi' adv in return, in response, in exchange; ce'íhcehí- vai to return quickly, run back; ce'no'uh'ohú- vai to return (by airplane), fly back (by airplane); ce'no'óú'oo- vai to return (by boat), come back (by boat); ce'no'okóóhu- vai to return (by car); ce'no'uukohéí- vai to return (by horse), ride back (on horseback); cé'no'úsee- vai to return by walking; ce'no'úsee- vai to return (on foot); ce'no'oxoh- vta to return s.o. (anim. obj.); ce'no'oxoton- vta to return something to s.o.
returning: co' pv again, back, returning; ce' pv again, back, returning
reverse: hosei3ííhi' adv in reverse; hosei3- pv reverse; hosei3kóóhu- vai to run in reverse
revive: heecéhih- vta to revive s.o.
revolver: tó'oo' ni pistol, revolver
rheumatism: sesiinóókowuut ni rheumatism
rib: híixóon ni hump ribs of the buffalo; híícoo ni rib
rice: hi'iisóó na 1) maggot, 2) (pl.) rice
rich: bio'nó'oo- vai to be rich, wealthy
ride: ce3kóóhuuhéí- vai to ride away
ride around: hiinííkohéí- vai to ride around aimlessly
ride into: cei3kohéí- vai to ride into something, such as a patch of forest
ride: noo'óeenííkohéí- vai to ride around s.t., encircle s.t.; nííteiniikohéí- vai to ride in single file; cesísiikohéí- vai 1) to begin riding, 2) to begin to ride away; néyeito'éí- vai to ride a bronco, as in a rodeo; téii'ííkohéí- vai to ride a horse calmly or quietly; noo'óeekóókuuhéí- vai to ride around a place; hitooxúúkohéí- vai to ride behind, ride last; cebiikohéí- vai to ride by; teexóku- vai to ride (e.g. a horse or in a vehicle); teexó- vai to ride (e.g. in a vehicle); nó'oo'kóóhuuhéí- vai to ride far away, way out there; cíísiikohéí- vai to ride far, ride a long ways; níhi'kóóhuuhéí- vai to ride fast on a horse; niitókuuw- vta to ride with s.o.
ridge: 3o3outé' ni 1) horizon, 2) on the ridge; 3o3óuuteinííhi' adv ridge-like, characterized by ridges; cowoúúte- vii there is a ridge; 3o3óuute'éíni' vii there is a ridge there
ridged: 3o3óuutei- pv ridged, ridge-like
riding horse: teexokúút na saddle horse, riding horse
rifle: niikóonííteení' ni a breech-loading rifle
right then: wó'o'oto' particle right then, just at the right time
right there: wó'éii3ów particle 1) just right, 2) right there
right: hi3oobéé- vii 1) to be correct, right, 2) to be true; bebíisih- vta 1) to repair s.o. (animate obj.), 2) make s.o. right again, as in resting a tired horse; hi3eti- vii 1) to be good, 2) to be right; beeyóó particle 1) perfect, just right, right on!, 2) directly; tenéii'ííhi' adv just right, right on, exactly; cebíísihihiiteenííhi' adv on the right side; cebíís ni right side; cebiisííteenííhi' adv the right side, using the right side; nénii3é- vii to be just right, exactly on target; cebíísihiiteenííhi' adv on the right side
rind: notóyeic ni 1) hide, 2) rind (e.g. of an apple)
ring: nííxoonee3éé3oo ni ring (a plain band); nohcéíneeyei- vai to ring (e.g. a bell); nohceinéén- vti to ring s.t. (e.g. a bell); nohcéínee- vai to ring something (e.g. a bell); nohceinóóni- vii to ring
ripe: hiisétee- vii 1) to be cooked, 2) to be ripe; hiiséteesi- vai 1) to be cooked, 2) to be ripe
rise: 3owo3íí- vai to rise, get up (from a lying position); bisísee- vai 1) to appear, come in to view, 2) (the sun) to rise; kóhei- vai to rise, get up (from a sitting position); hihco'óó- vii to rise, go up; hihco'óó- vai to rise, go up
ritual: betééntoo- vai to do sacred things, to engage in a ritual, to worship; niistoowóohúút ni a performance of a ceremony or ritual; ciibénoo'óó- vai to perform a ceremony or ritual
river: no'óéteinííhi' adv at the river, by the river; niicííhehe' ni little river; niicíí ni river
Riverton: Hóóxonó'oo placename Riverton, WY
roach: bee'étee' ni roach (hair decoration worn by dancers)
road: towóoxéisé' vii 1) something is marked by breaking, a route or road has been made by breaking things (as in railroad construction), 2) a border is marked; bóoó ni 1) road, trail, 2) milky way
roar: 3oxoohówu- vai to growl, roar, make a roaring noise; no'óteinéése- vii to make a roaring noise (e.g. water)
roast: 3eeyocóó3- vta to roast s.o. (anim. obj.); 3eeyocóót- vti to roast s.t.; 3eeyocéí- vai to roast something
robe: hóu ni blanket, robe; biixóu ni buffalo cow robe; neneesootoxei'i ni buffalo robe with eight lines of ornamentation; beeteetósoo'uht ni buffalo robe with one hundred lines of ornamentation; neneesoo'ouht ni buffalo robe with twenty lines of ornamentation; hohookeenou ni robe used in the Crazy Lodge dance
robin: he3césee na robin
robust: hiisooowú- vai to be robust, stocky
Rock Men: Hoho'nookowuunen na member of one of the five 'sub-tribes' said by Curtis to have been absorbed into the Northern and Southern Arapaho
rock: hoho'nóókee na rock, stone; sííyon ni 1) rocks, 2) a rocky area, 3) (pl.) pebbles, sand, gravel
rod: bes ni 1) wood, piece of wood, 2) stick, rod
roll: hoowtéciitoo- vai to roll down; técitoo- vai to roll over; tecén- vti to roll s.t. (e.g. a cigarette)
room: ce'ex'oowú' ni room (in a building)
root: té3oucénii ni a sweet edible root; 3éíci' ni root; hi3éíciibi- vai to have roots
rope: séénook ni 1) rope, lariat, 2) a long scarf worn in the Dog Lodge ceremony; híte'éíci3- vta to put a rope around an animal's head; híte'éíci3éí- vai to put a rope around an animal's head; ciite'eikúú3- vta to rope s.o.; ciite'eikúú3ei- vai to rope something, be roping
rope-like: heyoocéíhi- vai to be rope-like, snake-like
rose: yeiníís ni wood's rose bush, scientific name Rosa woodsii (bush); bé'e'éí ni wood's rose flowers, possibly also other rose flowers, scientific name Rosa woodsii
rot: 3o'oxousi- vii to be decaying (e.g. a tree)
rotate: noo'één- vta to rotate s.o. (anim. obj.); noo'één- vti to rotate s.t.
rotten: woxúse- vii to be bad, decaying (e.g. flesh) rancid, rotten, spoiled; hoxúse- vii to be decaying (e.g. meat), rotten; woxoowúse- vii (a liquid, e.g. milk) to be rotten, spoiled, rancid
rough: 3e3i'oowu' vii the water is rough, waves are high or rough; woowoyóó- vii to be rough; hoo'oonéíhi- vai to be rough
roughly: bebenéh particle about, approximately, roughly
round up: hoo'éisó'onéíhi- vai to be rounded up; hiisó'o'ei- vai to round up horses; hoo'eisó'ei- vai to round up livestock; hiisó'on- vta to round up someone (animate object)
round: ko'einóó- vii to be circular, round; kóutohséinohwóót ni round dance; ko'éí- pv round, circular; ce'éé- vii to be approximately round, approximately spherical; ceteyóó- vii to be round, spherical; ceteyéíhi- vai to be round, spherical
roundup: hoo'eisó'oeet ni roundup
rouse: howóten- vta to rouse s.o., wake s.o. up
row: cowouhéí- vai to row a boat; niitéiyeekúú- vai to stand in a row; niitéiyeekúú- vii to stand in a row, be in a row
rub oneself: kóóntoo- vai to rub oneself ceremonially after smudging
rub: xo'én- vti to apply ointment, rub lotion on; tebéin- vta to rub s.o., massage s.o.; hii3én- vti to rub s.t. on (e.g. lotion, ointment)
rubber band: siikooceiíkuu3oo ni rubber band
rule: hooxuwúút ni 1) law, 2) rule, 3) regulation; héénoo particle 1) regularly, generally, as a rule, 2) purposefully, on purpose; hooxúwuh- vta 1) to order s.o., give s.o. an order, 2) to establish a rule or restriction for s.o. to follow , 3) to sentence s.o., as in a court; hóóxuwúutéé' vii there is a rule (about something), a rule has been made about something
ruler: tokóhoé ni ruler
rump: wokóoó ni-dep rump
run: tókohú- vai to flee, to run away
run around: noo'oece'eekuu- vai run around in circles, like a knot (e.g. a bunch of kids); noonoo'oekóóhu- vai to run around
run away: nonííkoh- vta 1) to hide from s.o., 2) to run away from s.o.; neyéiskóóhu- vai to run away from one another, separate; cesíhcehí- vai to run away; neyéiskóóhuuhéí- vai to run away from each other; nohkce3kóóhu- vai to run away while carrying something
run back: ce'kóóhu- vai to run back to a place
run down: hoowkóóhu- vai to run down a hill or slope
run in: hoo'éícii3íhcehí- vai to run in to a place as a group, to enter rapidly as a group; 3eikóóhu- vai to run while inside a place or area; hítes- vta to come upon s.o., run into s.o., meet s.o. unexpectedly
run out: bee3íse- vii 1) to be worn out, 2) to have run out, be all gone; béetó'oo- vii 1) to be finished, over, done with, 2) to pass away, 3) to run out, disappear
run up: nóh'ohkoohu- vai to run up
run: níhi'kóóhu- vai 1) to run quickly, 2) (a horse) to gallop; noho'úkotii- vai 1) to gallop, 2) to run; hoo'éikóóhu- vai to assemble together, run together; nóótesei'i- vai to flee in fright, to run away in fright; cebínoo'oo- vii (water) to flow by, run by, pass by; cebíhcehí- vai to pass rapidly by, run by; ce'íhcehí- vai to return quickly, run back; neetó'osíbetí- vai to work or run oneself to exhaustion; cebikóóhuuhéí- vai to pass by, when on horseback; hiisííten- vta 1) to catch s.o., grab s.o., seize s.o., 2) to run after s.o.; noo'óeekóóhu- vai 1) to run around a place, 2) to circle around a place; cíi3íhcehí- vai to enter rapidly, to run in to a structure; nóho'úhcéhí- vai to go upwards quickly, run or jump upwards; níhi'kóohúúnoo'oo- vai to reel, be suddenly running, as when landing from flight; césisíhcehí- vai to start running, start moving rapidly, set off rapidly; ce3kóóhu- vai 1) to start running, set off running, 2) to run away; ciiskóóhu- vai 1) to run far, 2) to travel a long distance; héé3ebkóóhu- vai run to there, run over there; ní'ikóóhu- vai to be able to run; néét3oowukóóhu- vai to die of lack of breath due to running; bee3iiscii3íhcehí- vai to have finished running in to a place; wo'wúciiskóóhu- vai to run a little farther (e.g. than the day before); hiinkóóhu- vai to run around; ce3kóóh- vta to run away from s.o.; ceníikóóhu- vai to run far; hesiikóóhu- vai to run fast; nííhonkóóhu- vai to run for a long time or long distance; ce3íkoh- vta to run from s.o.; cíi3kóóhu- vai to run inside something; nííhenkóóhu- vai to run of one's own accord; kóxo'kóóhu- vai to run slowly; 3ebkóóhu- vai to run there; hii3kóóhu- vai to run there; nii3kóóhuub- vta to run together with s.o.; yihkóóhu- vai to run towards some distant place or thing; ceikóóhu- vai to run towards the speaker; noh'ohkóóhu- vai to run up a hill or slope; nóho'kóóhu- vai to run upwards; nóho'níhi'kóóhu- vai to run upwards quickly; 3í'ooneekóóhu- vai to run with one's tail up
runner: ho3ío' na a young man who serves as a helper, assistant or runner during a ceremony
runny nose: 3i'iinoxuu3oo'óó- vai to have a runny nose
rush: nóhohóúhu- vai 1) to hurry, 2) to be in a rush; hotohine ni (arctic) rush, scientific name Juncus arcticus
rusty: be'íse- vii to be rusty
rye: ciinóuutono ni (pl.) applied to various crops that are planted such as grain (including wheat, rye) or vegetables; wóxhoox hitíhii ni wild rye grass, scientific name Leymus spp.
sabina scopulorum: bé'see3 ni Rocky Mountin juniper, scientific name sabina scopulorum
sack: níísiyoo3óó ni sack
Sacred Wheel: hotííbiiwó'o ni a ceremony concerning the Sacred Wheel or the wheel in the Bighorn Mountains of Wyoming
sacred: bétee- vai 1) to be holy, to habitually act in a holy or sacred way, 2) to have sacred powers; beteen- pv holy, sacred; beteenóó- vii to be holy, sacred; hookónoonííhi' adv in a respectful or sacred manner; béteenííhi' adv in a sacred or holy way; béteeníse- vii to be happening or occuring in a holy way; béteenéíhi- vai to be sacred or holy; béteeneenebéíhi- vai to be thought of in a sacred or holy way, to be considered sacred or holy; béteeneenéét- vti to think about s.t. in a sacred or holy way, to consider s.t. sacred or holy; hookónooyóó- vii to be sacred, respected; betééntoo- vai to do sacred things, to engage in a ritual, to worship; béteenóótin ni sacred song; ceceecéisóho- vii to be done in a sacred way
sad: teenéí'oo- vai 1) to look sad, 2) to frown; teenoku- vai 1) to sit sadly, 2) to be sad, depressed, down; teenéíhi- vai to be sad
saddle blanket: cecihookok ni saddle blanket
saddle horse: teexokúút na saddle horse, riding horse; tééxokuunóóx na saddle horse
saddle pad: hooko'ooxnih'oohoe ni saddle pad filler (made from buffalo hair)
saddle tree: 3iito'ooko'oox ni saddle tree
saddle: hooko'óóx ni saddle
safety pin: honxówoo ni safety pin
sage: nii'íbounóókhooseií ni sweet sage, scientific name Artemisia ludoviciana Subsp. ludoviciana
sagebrush: nookhoosé' ni sagebrush, scientific name Artemisia spp.
sail: cówou'oo- vii to float, sail
salamander: koohoyéít na salamander, water dog
saliva: betóo3ét ni-dep saliva
salmon: niibo'ooseinoehit na salmon
saloon: benohéíno'oowú' ni bar, saloon
salt: niicoo'ówu' ni salt; niicoo'ówutii- vai to put salt on something
saltbush: wóxuuhooxbii3híít ni saltbush, scientific name Atriplex canescens, possibly other Atriplex spp.; niico'cutee' ?saltbush, scientific name Chenopodiaceae spp.
salty: niicoo'ówcoo- vii to taste salty; niicoo'ówcei- vai to taste salty
salvage: wóniiwóó3- vta to salvage s.o. (anim. obj.); wóniiwóót- vti to salvage s.t.
salve: xo'éíyoó ni salve
same: neehiisoo- vii to be identical, matching, the same
Sand Creek: Néiíniicíé placename Sand Creek
sand: nóóbe' ni 1) sand, 2) clay; néií ni sand
sandwich: nii3o3ousé' ni sandwich, hamburger
sandy: noobe'éíni- vii to be sandy
sane: he'inootí- vai to be sane
sap: cei na 1) gum, pitch, resin, 2) sap
Satan: hóócoo na devil, Satan
satisfied: hííxowóót- vti 1) to have enough of s.t., 2) to be satisfied with s.t.; hiixowootéíhi- vai 1) to be satisfied, 2) to have enough
Saturday: hoxóbetiiníísi' ni Saturday
saucer: se'nooonéhe' ni saucer
save: he'neetóúhu- vai to save something for future use; he'néétii- vai to save something for future use; he'neetón- vta to save something for s.o.
saved: híínentééni- vai 1) to be well, cured from an ilness, 2) to be saved
saw: tébes- vta to cut s.o. off, saw s.o. off
saw: tebexónoo ni saw (tool); tebexónee- vai to be sawing
say enough: néé'eetoxúnihíí- vai to say enough
say: nihíí3- vta to tell s.o., say something to s.o.; héí'tobé'e- vai to tell something, say something; nihíí- vai 1) to say, 2) to guess (as in a handgame); ciiwoní'inihíítooni- vii it takes a long time to say it, to tell it; bée3ínihii- vai to finish saying something; hee3- vta to say something to s.o.; hii3- vta to say something to s.o.
saying: nihíít ni 1) word, 2) saying, phrase
saying: hei'tówoó ni saying
scalp: bei3éés ni scalp; 3iikóne'éís- vta to scalp s.o.; 3iikóne'éíkuu3- vta to scalp s.o. quickly or violently
scare: híso'on- vta to spook an animal, scare an animal out of hiding; neih- vta to scare s.o., frighten s.o.; hiso'on- vta to scare s.o., spook s.o. (e.g. an animal)
scared: híít- vti to be afraid of s.t., scared of s.t.; neinoo'óó- vai to be scared
scarf: wo'éín ni 1) necklace, 2) scarf, 3) tie; nííse'eicí ni kerchief, scarf
scatter: héíso'onéíhi- vai to be forced to scatter due to being chased, be chased away and apart; niih'eikóni' vii the tribe is moving apart, the tribe is scattering; nih'eikúútii- vai to scatter; niih'eikóóhu- vai to scatter by running, run and scatter; héísiib- vta to scatter people about, by force or hitting; noh'éísib- vta to scatter s.o. on the ground, leave s.o. scattered about
scattered: níh'einowóótiini' vii something has been split up, something has been divided up among people, scattered among people
school: neyéítii- vai 1) to go to school, 2) to learn, 3) to read; neyei3éíno'oowú' ni school
schoolbus: nihoonotíí ni schoolbus; neyei3einotíí ni schoolbus
scissors: ko'uxónoo ni scissors, shears
scold: níínih'oub- vta to scold s.o.
scorpion: niikookohéi'it bíísee na scorpion; besoone'éínih'óó3oo na scorpion
scout: notíkoní- vai 1) to scout for enemies, 2) to be on the warpath; notkóniinén na 1) scout, 2) warrior
scrape: hoxoxóh- vta to scrape s.o. off (anim. obj.); hoxoxóh- vti to scrape s.t. off, as in scraping a hide
scraper: hoxoxohoe ni scraper
scraps: nohóóxobee ni leftovers, meat scraps, remains from butchering animals; cesícen- vta to scratch s.o.; kou'ci3- vta to scratch s.o.; cesicén- vti to scratch s.t, e.g. scratch an itch
scream: tóóyeitéé' vii there is screaming, one can hear screaming; tooyeinéétii- vai to be screaming on and on, make screaming or hollering noises; tooyéítoh'- vta to make s.o. scream or holler involuntarily; tooyéít- vti to scream, holler (involuntarily); tooyéínee- vai to scream, holler (involuntarily, as when in pain)
screen: cih'óéése' ni screen, mesh
screw: nih'otoo'ohóe ni screw; hootoohóé ni screw; níh'ootoo'óh- vti to screw s.t.
scrotum: kósoo ni scrotum
scythe: kó'osohóe ni scythe, sickle
sea: heetec ni 1) large body of water, 2) ocean, sea
seagull: heetécii'éíhii na gull, seagull
search for: notiih- vta to look for s.o., search for s.o.; nótiitii- vti to look for s.t., search for s.t.; notííneenéét- vti to search for new knowledge or ideas; notínihíít- vti to search for the right way to say something, look for a word or means of expression
seat: 3í'okuutóo ni seat
second: niisí'owóó- vii to be the second time or the second one
secret: hííbineen- vai to be secret
secretary: wo3onóheihii na secretary, stenographer
secretly: hííbinee- pv secretly; hííbineenííhi' adv secretly
see: nesookú- vai to see well, have good eyesight; hitétookú'oo- vai to manage to see something, get a glimse of something; néenóóhob- vta to keep seeing or looking at s.o.; noohówootííhi' adv by seeing, by watching; bíse'eikóóhu- vai to briefly stick one's head up to see something; nóuunóóhob- vta to go outside to see s.o.; noohób- vta to see s.o.; noohoot- vti to see s.t.; niihénoohóót- vti to see s.t. for oneself; noohóó3ei- vai to see, see things
seed: 3oox ni seed
seem: bééyei3óót- pv it seems that, it appears that; wootíí particle it's like, it seems that, as if
seize: no3- vta to fetch s.o., seize or grab s.o.; hi3kuu3- vta 1) to grab s.o., seize s.o., capture s.o., 2) to rape s.o.; hiisííten- vta 1) to catch s.o., grab s.o., seize s.o., 2) to run after s.o.; hiisíiténowoo- vai to grab, get, or seize something for oneself; hiisíítenéíhi- vai to have been seized or caught
seizure: wowouunoo'óó- vai to have a seizure
seldom: heenee'ííhi' adv 1) now and then, from time to time, 2) seldom, occasionally
select: hééneyéixóhei- vai to choose, select
selfish: ciiko'ootéíhi- vai to be selfish, stingy
sell: hii'otooneenóón- vta to sell s.o. (anim. obj.)
seller: hotóóneihii na merchant, seller
senile: hoheisííni- vai 1) to be foolish, be crazy, 2) to be senile; hohéis na 1) crazy person, foolish person, 2) senile person
sentence: hooxúwuh- vta 1) to order s.o., give s.o. an order, 2) to establish a rule or restriction for s.o. to follow , 3) to sentence s.o., as in a court
sentry: hoonoyoohóó3eihii na sentry
separate: neyéiskóóhu- vai to run away from one another, separate; neyéisísee- vai to walk away from one another, separate; cei'ísoo' vii 1) to be separate, set apart, 2) to be different
separated: neyeiséé- vai to be separated, as in husband and wife; ciiniisi- vai to be separated from one's husband; ciiniiniiní- vai to be separated from one's wife
separating: neyéisííhi' adv separating, going opposite ways
September: niihóónkoo' ni September
serious: hookonoonéíhi- vai 1) to be serious, 2) to be respected
serve: nííston- vta 1) to serve s.o., 2) to work for s.o., 3) to make something for s.o.
service berry: héyowúúwukóó' ni bark of service berry or June berry bush, scientific name Amelanchier alnifolia (bark); héyowúúwuno ni service berries or June berries, scientific name Amelanchier alnifolia (berries)
set apart: cei'ísoo' vii 1) to be separate, set apart, 2) to be different
set off: ce3éí'oo- vai to set out, set off, depart; césisíhcehí- vai to start running, start moving rapidly, set off rapidly
set on fire: wótonihéíhi- vai to have been set on fire
set on fire: wótonóúhu- vai to start a fire for oneself
set up camp: hóotíí- vai to camp (individually rather than as a group or tribe), to set up camp
set: ne'ísee- vai (the sun) to set
seven: níísootoxúuusí'i vii 1) (pl.) there are seven days, 2) (pl.) it lasts for seven days; níísootox num seven; níísootoxú- vai to be seven in number
seventeen: béteetox níísootóxuuni num seventeen
seventy: níísootósoo' num seventy
sew: hoxoyéí- vai 1) to sew something, 2) to mend something (by sewing); hóótoonéíhini- vii 1) to be attached with sinew, 2) to be sewn
sex: toncí3- vta have sex with s.o.
shade: toukoohóe ni 1) lean-to, 2) shade (type of shelter); tóukóús- vai to stay in the shade
shadow: betéé3oo na 1) shadow, 2) spirit, angel
shady: toukoyóó- vii to be shady; toukousé- vii to be shady
shaggy: có'onéé- vai 1) to have fur, be furry, 2) to be shaggy; biisí'éí- vai to be shaggy, have shaggy hair or fur, as in a dog
shake hands: wotí'ookoonó3etíít ni shaking hands upon separating at the end of an event; néniníixóúhu- vai to shake hands with people; néninííxoeh- vta to shake s.o.'s hand; néninííxoo3- vta to shake s.o.'s hand
shake: hehíínoo'óó- vai to shake, shiver, tremble; no'owúnoo'oo- vii to shake; hisibéhi- vai to shake from illness; kookónkuu3- vta to shake s.o.; kookonkuutíí- vai to shake something
share: te3esíne- vai to do one's share in some task
sharp leg: tóxu'óónee- vai to have a sharp leg
sharp: toxu'éíhi- vai 1) to be pointed, 2) to be sharp; toxu'óó- vii to be pointed, sharp
sharpen: tóxu'óóxuhee- vai to sharpen a knife; toxu'óh- vti to sharpen s.t.
shatter: 3o'óh- vti to pound s.t., shatter s.t.; 3o'ús- vai to shatter; 3o'usetíí- vai to shatter something by smashing or throwing
shave: kó'neebi'íístii- vai to shave; kó'neebi'iis- vta to shave s.o.
shawl: cih'oosóu ni shawl
she: nenéénit pronoun he, she, third person pronoun
shears: ko'uxónoo ni scissors, shears
shed: hecéxo'oowú' ni shed, small building
sheep: heebetóte' na big sheep; hóte' na sheep; có'oneenóte' na wool-bearing sheep
sheepdog: hoteiné3 na sheepdog
sheepherder: hoteine'có'eihii na sheepherder, shepherd
sheetrock: see'3iixohú' ni 1) flat surface nailed on to something, 2) sheetrock
shelf: hóú3oó ni rack, shelf
Shell River: Bei'i'iiniicie placename the name of several rivers including the North Platte River and the Michigan River
shell: bee3o'oubéét ni turtle shell; kokuyonó3 ni shell of a bullet; bei'í ni shell, seashell
shelter: nii3oe'ínowoo- vai to make a willow shelter (e.g. coo'oeyóó) for oneself; co'óe'ín- vti to make s.t. out of willows, e.g. a brush shelter; co'oeyóó ni dome-shaped brush shelter made of willows; koonóyeisííhi' adv having to do with shelter or an animal's den or lodge; hoyéíhowoot ni shelter; hoe'óén- vti to make a shelter out of willows; hóyeinoo- vii to be sheltered
shepherd: hoteine'có'eihii na sheepherder, shepherd
Shetland pony: teitóóx na Shetland pony
shield: woxookeihi' ni shield; tokookeihi' ni shield
shin: wóxos na shin
shine: noh'óeséíhi- vai to shine, be illuminated; noh'óeséí'oo- vii to shine, be illuminated
shiny: no'kósoo- vii to be shiny; no'koséíhi- vai to be shiny
ship: 3iiw ni boat, canoe, ship
shirt: biixúút ni 1) shirt, blouse, 2) dress
shiver: hehíínoo'óó- vai to shake, shiver, tremble
shoe polish: xo'óheé ni shoe polish
shoe: wo'óh ni 1) shoe, 2) moccasin; wo'ohnóonéíhi- vai to be given mocassins or shoes; wo'oxéín- vta to shoe a horse
shoelace: wohuukutíí- vai to tie shoelaces; wohúúk na shoelace
shoemaker: wo'ohnéíhii na shoemaker
shoot: cóboo- vai to shoot, fire a shot; coocóboo- vai to shoot repeatedly, fire repeated shots; cóboo- vai to shoot; cebii- vai to shoot at someone; ceb- vta to shoot s.o., shoot at s.o.; cob- vta to shoot s.o. with a gun; cebít- vti to shoot s.t., shoot at s.t.
shop: hotóónee- vai to shop, buy things
short man: ce'ehíhinen na a 'short man' in the division between 'short men' and 'stout men' in ceremonies
short: tooto'oonee- vai to have short legs; to'ohúh- vai to be short; ce'ehíh- vai to be short; to'éíhi- vii to be short; to'oee- vii to be short
shortcut: hoxowúsee- vai to take a shortcut (on foot); hóxowkoohuuhéí- vai to take a shortcut (on horseback); hóxowkoohú vai to take a shortcut (running or by car)
shortening: no3oncebítee ni shortening
shorts: to'ótoo ni shorts; to'otoohéé- vai to wear shorts
Shoshone: sosoní'iinén na Shoshone man; sósoní' na Shoshone person; sósoni'ííteen na Shoshone tribe; sósoni'ísei na Shoshone woman
shoulder: bece'éenoo ni-dep shoulder; beteexuu'eenoo ni-dep shoulder
shouldn't: wonó'- pv one shouldn't ...
shout: nooxúnee- vai 1) to shout, 2) speak loudly as when announcing something; beeseinéétii- vai to shout; nééni'oub- vta to shout at s.o. in anger
shovel: se'béí'ci3e' ni shovel, spade
show up: híi3ínoo'óó- vai to show up suddenly from someplace else
show: hóówo'bisísi- vii to be barely showing; noohoo3ih- vta to show something to s.o., make something visible to s.o.
shrivel: hookowoonéétee- vii to shrivel (due to heat)
shrub: cóó'oo'éé' ni shrub, bush
shut: howuutééyei- vai to shut the door
shy: nototéíhi- vai to be shy
sibling: nééhebéhe' na-dep younger sibling, younger brother or sister
sick: hesówobéíhi- vai to be ill, sick
sickle: kó'osohóe ni scythe, sickle
sickness: hesówobeihíít ni illness, sickness, disease
side: honohúbe' particle on the opposite side, on the other side; kokóon- pv on the side, beside; céíteenííhi' adv this side (near the speaker); céiwóótee- vii to be located off to the side, has been moved aside
sift: beexu'kuutíí- vai to sift something, as in flour
sigh: néétetóuhu- vai to sigh
sight: sebeyóhoéé ni gun sight
sign language: bee3osóhoot ni sign language; bee3osóho'o ni sign language; bee3osóhowuun- vta to say something to s.o. with sign language; bee3osóhoee- vai to use sign language, to sign
sign: tóe'sóh'owuun- vta to make a sign to s.o. to stop doing something
silk: niixóosóotí' ni silk
silly: ceeséíhi- vai to be silly
silver spruce: ni'íbootoúú ni silver spruce
silver: nookubéí'ci3e' ni silver
silverberry: nookúwuno ni silverberry, scientific name Elaeagnus commutata
sin: woxútoo- vai 1) to do something wrong, do something bad, 2) to sin
since: tih- pv when (imperfective), since
sincere: hee3oowú3ecoo- vai to be sincere
sinew: beetéyook na 1) bowstring, 2) string or rope made of sinew, 3) also extended to other string not made of sinew; hóoté ni sinew
sing: béetóótinee- vai to finish singing; niibéí- vai to sing; niiboon- vta to sing for s.o.; niibóót- vti to sing s.t.; betéénee- vai to sing sacred songs
singe: kónohuxóh- vta to singe s.o. (anim. obj.), as in feathers
singer: hiibéíhii na singer; niibeiínen na singer; niibeihíí- vai to be a singer
single file: nííteiséé- vai to walk in single file, march; níítei'óó- to be arranged in single file; nííteiniikohéí- vai to ride in single file
sink: hinówou'oo- vai to sink; hinówou'oo- vii to sink
Sioux: nó'otnéíhino' na Sioux
sister in law: nei3ébi na-dep (my) sibling in law of the opposite sex, (my) brother in law (woman speaking), (my) sister in law (man speaking); notó'u na-dep 1) (my) sister in law, 2) (my) female friend
sister: néteséí na-dep (my) sibling of the opposite sex, (my) brother (woman speaking), (my) sister (man speaking); nébi na-dep (my) older sister; nééhebéhe' na-dep younger sibling, younger brother or sister
sit down: ceenóku- vai to sit down; ceenókun- vta to sit s.o. down, have s.o. sit down
sit fast: ni'óku- vai to sit fast, be a good bronc rider
sit in a circle: ko'éín3i'óku- vai to sit in a circle
sit: xóó'oekuuceenóku- vai to sit down in a kneeling position; 3i'óku- vai to sit, be sitting; tees3i'óku- vai to sit on top of something; téi'3i'óku- vai to sit strongly, to continue sitting in the face of harassment; nei'óku- vai to sit tight, sit still; 3í'okúut- vti to sit with s.t.
six: nííto num six; níítootox num six; níítootoxú- vai to be six in number
sixteen: béteetox níítootóxuuni num sixteen
sixty: niitootósoo' num sixty
skate: siiwonéí- vai to ice skate
skeleton: 3iik ni 1) corpse, 2) skeleton; 3iikon ni 1) skull , 2) skeleton
skeletonplant: be3énecó'ono ni rush skeletonplant, skeletonweed, scientific name lygodesmia juncea
skill: niihénehéí3it- vti to own some power or skill which was given by a superhuman source
skillet: ko'yeiyóó ni frying pan, skillet
skin: wonóx ni-dep, na-dep skin
skinny: woxooneehí- vai 1) to be thin, skinny, 2) to be overly thin, too skinny
skirt: híseinbiixúút ni dress, skirt
skull: 3iikon ni 1) skull , 2) skeleton; 3iikoné' ni skull
skunk oil: xoucebitee ni skunk oil
skunk: xoo na skunk; xouhu' na skunk
skunkbrush: bee'éí'i ni squawberry, skunkbrush
sky: hóno' ni sky
skylight: noh'eihóó ni 1) window, 2) skylight
slam: noote'eisib- vta to slam s.o.; noote'eistíí- vai to slam something
slap: se'tebi'eih- vta to slap s.o.
sleep in the cold: tóyo'síne- vai to lie in the cold, sleep in the cold (without getting cold or freezing)
sleep: nokohukóóhu- vai 1) to go to sleep, 2) to take a nap; nókohu- vai to sleep, be asleep; teesnókohu- vai to sleep on top of something; níhi'neenokohu- vai to sleep soundly
sleepy: nowóne- vai to be drowsy, sleepy
sleet: biinoneeci- vii to be sleeting
sleigh bell: cee'einóóni' ni sleigh bell (flowers), harebell, scientific name Campanula rotundifolia
slice meat: se'ésoonéé- vai to slice meat
slice: ci'óx- vti to slice s.t.; soo'oééx- vti to slice s.t.
slippery: hixoosóó- vii to be slippery, smooth; hixooséíhi- vai to be slippery
slither: hoocéísee- vai to crawl or slither, e.g. a snake
slope: hoxtóóno'óúni- vii there is a bank, steep slope, or cliff there
slow: kóxo'ootéíhi- vai to be slow; kóxo'oo3oo- vii to be slow
slowly: kóxo'úsee- vai to walk slowly; kóó'oe- pv slowly, carefully, in due time; kóxo'úúhu' adv slowly; kóó'oetoo- vai to do something slowly
small: hokeciihíh- vai to be little, small, tiny; hokecóúhu- vii to be little, small; hokecóúhuni- vii to be little, small; hokecii'óó'oo- vii to become little, small; noxowniiwo'óó- vii to become little, small; tesókecóúhu- vii to be tiny, very small; tesókeciihíh- vai to be tiny, very small; hecesóó- vii 1) to be small, 2) to be narrow; heceséíhi- vai to be small; hokeciihí- vai to be small
smart: he'éíhi- vai 1) to be knowledgeable, smart, wise, 2) to be sane, of sound mind
smash: 3ó'o'óótiinoon- vta to crush or smash a part of s.o.'s body
smell bad: woxúbouhu- vai to smell bad, stink
smell: bénou'oo- vii to have an odor, smell; woxubóoó' vii it stinks, smells bad; woxúbou'óó- vii to smell bad, stink; benóú'oo- vai to have an odor, to smell; woxubóootí- vii to smell bad; ni'bóootí- vii to smell good; ní'ibóu'óó- vii to smell good; bénoob- vta to smell s.o. (anim. obj.); benóót- vti to smell s.t.
smile: hoxou'éi'óó- vai to smile; hoxou'éi'óóton- vta to smile at s.o.
smoggy: ceetéése- vii to be hazy, misty, smoggy
smoke: kotee- vii 1) (a large conflagration) to give off smoke, to burn, 2) there is a brush fire; ceetéé ni 1) smoke (from a fire), 2) haze, 3) mist; xóúú'oo- vii to give off smoke, steam or vapor; nííxohóúsi- vii to be covered with smoke; híícoo- vai to smoke; híicóoh- vta to smoke with s.o., specifically in the context of helping them or making an agreement with them
smoky: kootéé- vii to be smoky; céeetee- vii to be smoky
smooth: hixoosóó- vii to be slippery, smooth
smudge: ceeh'éí'i- vai to burn incense, smudge cedar; cooh'óee- vai to smudge or cedar; cóóh'owuun- vta to smudge s.o., cedar s.o.
snail: wóó'oowoo3ííbeihii na snail
snake: síísííyei na snake
snake-like: heyoocéíhi- vai to be rope-like, snake-like
snap: toyoowkúú3- vta to snap at s.o., bite s.o.
sneak: hiibineecebísee- vai to sneak by, go by secretly
sneeze: hi3íbi- vai to sneeze
sneezeweed: 3iwohoeenó ni sneezeweed, scientific name Dugaldia hoopesii
snipe: céecéé'ihéíhii na snipe
snore: 3ii'óóbe- vai to snore
snot: be'íi na-dep snot
snow: hiií na snow; hiinííni- vii (snow) to be on the ground; te'ceeci- vii to be snowing and melting; beeci- vii to snow; no'oteeci- vii to snow heavily
snowberry: 3ííkoníbino' ni 1) (pl.) snowberries, scientific name Symphoricarpos spp. (berries), 2) (pl.) dogwood berries, Swida sericea (berries)
so that: hét- pv so that, in order that; heetíh- pv so that, in order that
soak: nii'óú3ib- vta to soak s.o. (anim. obj.); nii'ou3etíí- vai to soak s.t.
soap: he'hiisí'ohúút ni soap
social security: niiko'óéyei- vai to receive a pension, be on social security
sock: wosóúhu' ni 1) sock, 2) (pl.) stockings
soft: seenéíhi- vai 1) to be soft, 2) (a tire) to be flat; cécihóóceihi- vai (e.g. a rope) is soft, supple; cécihóó- vii to be soft; cécihéíhi- vai to be soft; 3o'óóceihi- vai to be soft (e.g. a rope)
soldier: beníiinén na 1) ?member of a group such as a ceremonial Lodge, 2) soldier
sole: ko'eiyóó ni 1) rawhide, 2) moccasin sole; se'éíhtoo ni sole (of the foot)
some: hoo3óó'o' na 1) (plural) others, 2) (plural) the rest, 3) (plural) some
someone: he'ííteihí3i particle someone, somebody
something: heeyóúhuu ni 1) thing, 2) stuff, 3) something, anything; he'íí3ooní'i particle something; he'íi3óú'u particle something
sometime: tóónei'ííhi' adv sometime, whenever
somewhere: he'íitnéí'i particle somewhere; he'íí3e'- pv somewhere there
son in law: ne3é'ex ni-dep my son in law
son: neíh'e na-dep (my) son
song: béteenóótin ni sacred song; niibóót ni song, melody
soon: nóhohoonííhi' adv immediately, instantly, soon; noxxoenííhi' adv soon; héihíí particle soon; nohohee- pv soon
sore: no'oxóéhi- vai to ache, be sore; no'óxoyóó- vii to be sore, tender
sound: ni'étóyotí' vii it sounds good; nii3nóóyotí- vii to be sounding out
soup: hókok ni broth, soup, stew
sour: siisíncoo- vii to be sour
South Platte River: niinéniiniicíihéhe' placename 1) Unknown place in central Wyoming , 2) Denver and the South Platte River in Colorado
south: nóóbe'einííhi' adv 1) in the south, 2) to the south, southwards
Southern Arapaho: Nóówunóno'ei na Southern Arapaho; Nowoo3inen na member of the Southern sub-tribe of Arapahos, identified by Curtis; Nóówunén na Southern Arapaho man
sow: ciinéyei- vai to plant, sow; nenííteine3éneet na sow (female pig)
spade: se'béí'ci3e' ni shovel, spade
sparrow hawk: ciicííhii na sparrow hawk, kestrel
sparrow: hecésii'ehíhi' na sparrow
sparrow: níí'ehíhi' na sparrow
speak: cé'eséíti- vai 1) to speak differently, 2) to speak a foreign language; heenéti3- vta 1) to talk to s.o., speak with s.o., 2) to call s.o. over; ni'éíti- vai to speak well
speaker: heenetííhii na 1) speaker, person who is speaking, 2) talkative person; nóooxunéíhii na speaker, person who is speaking
Spear Lodge: biitoheinénno' ni (pl.) members of the Spear Lodge; biitoh'oowú' ni Spear Lodge; biitoheisoo na Spear Lodge child, little Spear Lodge dancer, one of the two boys who participates in the Spear Lodge dance, also identified as a dancer of the fourth degree in the biitoh'oowu' dance
speech: heenetíít ni 1) language, 2) speech, 3) voice
spell: hooko'éé- vai to cast a spell; hooko'óó3 vta to put s.o. under a spell
spend the night: hetéiní- vai to spend the night somewhere
spherical: ce'éé- vii to be approximately round, approximately spherical; ceteyóó- vii to be round, spherical; ceteyéíhi- vai to be round, spherical
spider web: hoo3oonoyoot ni spider web
spider: nih'óó3oo na 1) spider, 2) white man (person), Caucasian, 3) a trickster figure in Arapaho mythology
spill: kóúskuu3éíhi- vai to be spilled out of something; kousén- vti to spill s.t. (liquid, dirt, sand)
spine: wótotóoy ni-dep backbone, spine
spirit: bíitéí na ghost, spirit; betéé3oo na 1) shadow, 2) spirit, angel; céi3iwooó na 1) spirit, 2) (pl.) radio; céi3ibéé- vai 1) to communicate with spirits, 2) to have a guardian spirit; céi3wó'oní- vai to have an accompanying or guardian spirit
spit: kou3héyei- vai to spit
splint: wóóhonookú3oó ni splint
split open: koh'únoo'oo- vii to be cracked, split open
split wood: cih'ohúsee- vai to split wood
split: koxhóotéé- vii to be split off or cut away from; níh'einowóótiini' vii something has been split up, something has been divided up among people, scattered among people; koh'óh- vta to split s.o. (anim. obj.)
spoiled: woxoowúse- vii (a liquid, e.g. milk) to be rotten, spoiled, rancid
sponsor: nebésiibéhe' na-dep 1) my grandfather, 2) my ceremonial sponsor
spook: hiso'on- vta to scare s.o., spook s.o. (e.g. an animal); híso'on- vta to spook an animal, scare an animal out of hiding
spoon: heebeteebíyoo na serving spoon; heebíyoo na spoon
spore: boh'óooníbeé ni 1) mushroom, 2) mushroom spores
spotted: kookúteeyóó- vii 1) to be spotted, 2) to be polka dotted; kókuteenéíhi- vai to be spotted, have spots
spread: nih'éiseenóó- vii to be spread, disseminated; híi3ohwóót ni any kind of spread (e.g. butter, margarine, jam); hii3óhowoo- vai to spread something (e.g. butter on bread)
spring: hooxéb ni 1) spring (source of water), 2) fountain, 3) well; xooxo'oesé- vii to become springtime, for the weather to thaw; hesteenec ni hot spring(s); hooxebecííhi' particle in spring water; béénii'owúúni' ni spring (season); bénii'owúúni- vii to be spring
sprinkle: kóni'oosóóti' vii (rain) is sprinkling; kóni'oosóó- vii to be sprinkling, raining lightly
spruce: ni'íbootoúú ni silver spruce; nii'ibóoóti' ni spruce or fir tree, scientific names Abies bifolia, Picea engelmannii, Pseudostuga menziesii; hiséé3 ni spruce, pine, scientific name Pinus spp.; 3óxu'usééto' ni Colorado spruce, scientific name Picea pungens; ni'ibootou ni Colorado spruce tree, scientific name Picea pungens
spy: hiiwookú'oo- vai 1) to peek, watch or see someone while hiding, 2) to spy on someone
square: kookoyóó' ni square; kokoyóó- vii to be square
squash: séyoun- vta to crush s.o. by hand, squash s.o., squeeze s.o.; béíhko' na squash; séyou'on- vta to squash s.o. with one's foot; séyoun- vti to squash s.t. with one's hand
squat: co'óku- vai to squat
squawberry gravy: bé'eené'eek ni squawberry gravy
squawberry: bee'éí'i ni squawberry, skunkbrush
squeeze: séyóúnob- vti to crush s.t. by hand, mash s.t., squeeze s.t.; séyoun- vta to crush s.o. by hand, squash s.o., squeeze s.o.
squint: sesíísnookú'oo- vai to squint
squirrel: xoxooyóni' na chipmunk, striped ground squirrel; nó'oúh na 1) squirrel, 2) extended to other similar small rodents; honi' na squirrel
stab: koxukóh- vti to pierce s.t., stab s.t.; koxukóh- vta 1) to pierce, stab s.o., 2) to vaccinate s.o., give s.o. an injection
stable: wóxhooxúno'oowú' ni stable (for horses)
staff: nouuse'éíci3oo ni long lance with a hook like a cane, staff; nouute'éíci3oo ni staff (long stick, rod)
stake: 3ííxo'óé ni 1) peg, 2) stake
stallion: nóhoo na stallion
stamp: héíbikuu3oo ni postage stamp, sticker; kohyeibí3oó ni postage stamp
stampede: tokohúú3ei- vai 1) to stampede, 2) to win (e.g. a basketball game) by a large margin
stand up: koheí'i- vai get up or stand up (from a sitting or lying position), arise; téi'íít- vti to stand up to a test through strength, be strong enough to pass a test
stand with: niitookuub- vta to stand with s.o.
stand: 3i'ookuutii- vai to stand something up, set something in an upright position; 3í'ookúúhu- vii to be made to stand, stood up; ho3es3íí'ookuu- vai to be standing in plain sight; 3i'ookúú- vai to stand; hiiné'eekúú- vai to stand around aimlessly; téiitooyéékuu- vai to stand calmly, quietly; niisóókuu- vai to stand in a certain way, stand in that way
star child: hó3o'úúsoo na star child, Little Star
Star Lodge: hó3o'uhuunén na Star Man, member of the Star Lodge; hó3o'húúho' na (pl.) Star Men, members of the Star Lodge age-grade society
Star Men: hó3o'húúho' na (pl.) Star Men, members of the Star Lodge age-grade society
star: nookóóx na 1) cross, 2) morning star; nenowó3o' na north star; hó3o'uhuunén na Star Man, member of the Star Lodge; hó3o' na star
stare: nootookú'oo- vai to stare; nóxootoohob- vta to stare at s.o.
start a fire: wótitonéé- vai to start a fire; wóti3óúhu- vai to start a fire for oneself
start: ce3- pv begin to do something, inceptive; césis- pv to begin to do something; césistoo- vai to begin to do something; cé3e3ééyei- vai to start a fire, get a fire started; cési3oo'oo' vii it gets/has gotten started, begun
starve: neetokooyéí- vai to starve, be starving; hesinéé- vai 1) to be hungry, 2) (figuratively) to be starving
station: teesihcehéíno'oowú' ni railroad station, train station
stature: bééxookee- vai 1) to be grown up, 2) to be of large stature (figuratively)
stay close: to3íh- vta to follow s.o., stay close to s.o.; niihó'- vti to stay close by something, to follow along something (e.g. a river, when traveling); niihó'ob- vta to stay close to s.o., to follow along with s.o.
stay: nee'éétoo- vai that is where someone is located, that is where someone is staying; nee3ó'oo- vai to stay in a particular place; beesei- vai to stay in the same place a long time; neesééntoo- vai to stay, remain in a place; heetein- vai to stay somewhere overnight
steak: hócoo ni 1) steak , 2) something fried
steal horses: hébiitóóxobei- vai 1) to steal a horse, steal horses, 2) also extended to stealing cattle or other livestock
steal: hebííteb- vta to steal from s.o.; hebííte- vai to steal something
steam: xóúú'oo- vii to give off smoke, steam or vapor
steep: 3iixobéé- vii to be steep
stenographer: wo3onóheihii na secretary, stenographer
step aside: wootóó particle step aside, go away
step up: teesciiyei'í- vai to step up
step: houhúút ni step; hoowciiyei'í- vai to step down; niisciiyei'í- vai to take a single step
stew: hókok ni broth, soup, stew
stick in: 3ííxo'oekúútii- vai to stick something in the ground standing up
stick out: 3i'eibí- vii to jut out, stick out
stick: bíínohooó ni 1) digging stick, 2) crowbar; bes ni 1) wood, piece of wood, 2) stick, rod; héíbton- vta to stick something on to s.o.
sticker: héíbikuu3oo ni postage stamp, sticker
sticky: kóúhuyóó- vii to be sticky
stiff: bé3e'éé- vii to be hard, stiff, tough; be3o'óóceihi- vai (e.g. a rope) to be stiff
still: téiitoonéíhi- vai to be quiet, calm, still; nosóu- pv continue to do something, still, ongoing; téiitooyóó- vii to be calm, still, quiet; nosounííhi' adv still, ongoing
sting: kóhkohéí- vai to sting, e.g. an insect
stingy: ciiko'ootéíhi- vai to be selfish, stingy
stink: woxubóoó' vii it stinks, smells bad; woxúbou'óó- vii to smell bad, stink; ho3eihtee- vai to have stinky feet
stirrup: 3eiyei'ok ni stirrup
stitch: hoxoyóót- vti 1) to stitch s.t., sew s.t., 2) to mend s.t., 3) to fix s.t.; hoxoyóó3- vta to mend s.o., stitch s.o. (anim. obj.)
stocky: hiisooowú- vai to be robust, stocky
stomach: woce'ót ni-dep stomach
stone fruit: beesíb ni 1) plum, 2) can be extended to include other large-seeded fruit such as peaches and apricots
stone: hoho'nóókee na rock, stone
stop: too'úhohu- vai to stop flying; tóú'kuu3éí'i- vai to stop quickly or suddenly; too'úhcehi- vai to stop running, stop short; tou'cí3- vta to stop s.o.; too'én- vti to stop s.t.; tou'úhcehí- vai to stop suddenly; too'úsee- vai to stop walking
stopper: hokóh- vti to close s.t., stopper s.t.; hokóhoee ni cork, stopper
store: hotóóneeno'oowú' ni market, store
storm: no'uusooó- vii to be stormy, storming
stormy: hiinoonó'etí- vii 1) to be cloudy, 2) to be stormy
story: hoo3ítoo3óó' vii (a story) is told, has been told; hoo3íte'e- vai to tell a story; hóó3itóúhu- vai to tell a story for oneself; hoo3ítoot- vti to tell s.t., narrate s.t. (e.g. a story); hoo3ítoon- vta to tell s.o. a story, tell s.o about something; heeteetéí- vai to tell a story, tale; heetéétoo ni legend, story, tale; hoo3ítoó ni story, tale; hoo3ítootiini' vii stories are told; hoo3ítoonííni- vai to have a story (about oneself, or to tell)
stove: hesítee ni 1) fire, 2) furnace, heater, stove
straight: xoubeekúú- vai 1) to be erect, 2) stand straight, upright; xóuuw- pv 1) straight, straightly, 2) direct, directly; xóuuwúnihíí- vai to speak in a straight, proper, truthful way; xóuuwutoo- vai to act straight, act properly; xóuuwúseenóó- vii to proceed in a straight or proper way; xóuubéíhi- vai to be straight, upright; xouubéé- vii 1) to be straight, 2) to be upright; xóuuwúúhu' adv straight, in a straight manner; xóuuwóotéé- vii to be placed in a straight way; xóuuwúsee- vai to go straight, walk in a straight line
strange: cee'ínonéíhi- vai to be strange, confused, mixed up; henees- pv strange, foreign, other; cee'ínoyoo- vii to be strange, queer, weird; kóhtobéíhi- vai to be funny, strange, unusual; heneesóó- vii to be strange
stranger: heneesíísei na (female) stranger; heneesinén na (male) stranger
strap: woo3onesí' ni 1) leather, 2) leather strap
straw: cíín3o'oeyóó ni straw
strawberry: hiteehíb na strawberry, scientific name Fragaria spp.
stream: koho'ówu' ni 1) gully, ditch, ravine, gulch, 2) small stream; koho'wúúni' vii there is a gully, ditch or small stream there; kóh'owúúni' vii there is a gully, ditch, small stream there
street: kooxootéé' ni street
strength: ce'éecehínoo'óó- vai to have regained one's strength; ce'éecóho'óó- vai to regain one's strength
stretch: siikoocéín- vta to stretch s.o. (anim. obj.); siikoocéín- vti to stretch s.t.
strike: to'ob- vta to hit s.o., punch s.o., strike s.o.; ko'óó3oníí- vai to be ready to strike, e.g. a snake; koh'e3eih- vta to strike someone and cause them or part of them to break or crack
string: beetéyook na 1) bowstring, 2) string or rope made of sinew, 3) also extended to other string not made of sinew; wohoonínook ni string, thread, yarn
strong root: téí'oxú'wunee ni 'strong root'
strong: téi'einóehi- vai to be strong, physically fit; téí'oocéíhi- vai (a rope or rope-like object) to be strong; tei'- pv strong; téi'éíhi- vai to be strong; téí'oo- vii to be strong; téi'íítowoo- vai to be strong enough to obtain something for oneself; tei'óówu- vii to be strong liquid (e.g. coffee, tea); téi'óuuwúhetí- vai to feel strong
stubbord: ceyootéíhi- vai to be stubborn
stuck upright: 3oo'oekuu- vai to be standing stuck upright in the ground
stuck: héíbiní- vii to be stuck, attached to something; héíbi- vii to be stuck, attached to something; héíbi- vai to be stuck, attached to something
student: neyei3éíhii na 1) pupil, student, 2) reader, literate person; neyei3éí- vai 1) to count, 2) to read, 3) to study, go to school, be a student; neyéi3eihííni- vai to be a student
stuff: cíi3kúútii- vai to stuff something inside a place
succeed: ceestówoo- vai 1) to succeed, 2) to accomplish something
suck: niitón- vta to doctor s.o. by sucking; niicoob- vta to suck s.o. (anim. obj.); niicoot- vti to suck s.t.
sucker: nenseinetineenówo' na sucker (fish)
suddenly: koxúúten- pv 1) suddenly, 2) surprisingly; koxúúte' particle 1) suddenly, 2) unexpectedly, 3) sometimes; kookoxuuténin particle suddenly; nóonóxowúúhu' adv suddenly, implies a violent event
sugar: niisíscoo' ni sugar
suicide: neh'etí- vai to commit suicide
suited: teekó'- vti 1) to fit s.t. (e.g. clothes), 2) to be ready or suited for s.t. (e.g. a power)
sumac: hice'ii'isihihi' berries used as medicine to make horses run rapidly, possibly berries of sumac, scientific name Rhus spp.; noowúbe'éí'i ni (pl.) fragrant sumac, scientific name Rhus aromatica; cóó3úwuno' (pl.) fragrant sumac, skunkbush, scientific name Rhus aromatica
summer: benííce' ni summer; bííceniisííni- vii to be a summer day; bííce- vii to be summer
summertime: bíícenííhi' adv in the summertime; bííce- vii to be summertime
summit: hiixóú'u'úúhu' adv up at the top, at the summit; 3oonííhi' adv 1) below, less, in the middle, 2) at the summit (as of someone's head, or the course of the sun)
Sun Child: hiisiisiisoo na Sun Child; hiisiistéí'yoo na Sun Child
sun dance: hoséíhiinohwóót ni 1) Sun Dance Lodge, 2) dance performed during Sun Dance; noh'óuutohóe ni the center pole of the Sun Dance lodge; hóseihoowú' ni Sun Dance Lodge, Sun Dance ceremony; hoséíhiinén na Sun Dance participant, man who has participated in the Sun Dance; hóseihiinóot ni Sun Dance song
sun: hiisíís na the sun
Sunday: beteeníísini'éhk particle on Sunday; beteeníísi' ni Sunday; hebe3 beteeníísi' ni Sunday; heces beteeníísi' ni Sunday
sundown: nii'ne'íseet ni sundown
sunrise: nii'bisíseet ni sunrise
sunset: nii'ne'iseet vai-inflected sunset
superlative: honóuunee- pv superlative, most
supernatural: ceyótowuunenítee na a supernatural being
supple: cécihóóceihi- vai (e.g. a rope) is soft, supple
support: hotóonóó3etí- vai 1) to exchange things among one another, 2) to support one another; hííne'étiih- vta to make a living for s.o., support s.o.; nii3neniib- vta 1) to be with s.o, accompany s.o., be with s.o., 2) to support s.o., stand by s.o.; notóonóó3etíít ni process of supporting one another in difficulty, such as when going through a fasting ceremony; notóónoo3- vta to support s.o., 'take up' for s.o.
suppose: bei' particle suppose that ..., "let's pretend that ..."
supposed to: toh'et- pv was supposed to
sure enough: húutóuuk particle sure enough, just like you'd expect
sure: néé'ee3e'ín- vti to be certain, be sure of s.t.
surpass: cebe'ei- vai to surpass others
surprise: 'ííheihóó, exclamation exclamation of surprise, gee!, wow!; yehéíhoo exclamation exclamation of surprise, "gee!," "wow!," "isn't that something!"; ciiséíhi- vai to have been surprised, caught unawares; céeciisíh- vta to surprise s.o.; ciisíihínee- vai to take someone by surprise, as in seizing something
surprisingly: koxúúten- pv 1) suddenly, 2) surprisingly
surround: hiixoxo'on- vta 1) to surround s.o., 2) to come close to s.o., approach s.o.
surrounded: hiixóxo'onéíhi- vai to be surrounded
survey: tokóh- vti 1) to measure s.t., 2) to survey s.t.
suspect: no3óóbeeneb- vta to suspect s.o.
swaddle: héhcitoonóúhu- vai to swaddle a baby
swallow: hééyei bíítei na 1) Swainson's hawk, 2) swallow, especially a cliff swallow; hótoowkuu3- vta 1) to swallow s.o., 2) to devour s.o. (anim. obj.); hótoowkuutíí- vai 1) to swallow something, 2) to devour something; bííteixoxóúhuu na swallow (bird), especially a cliff swallow
swamp: wóxec ni swamp
swampy: woxecííni- vii to be swampy; woxecii'ííni- vii to be swampy
swan: nooksíísiic na 1) swan , 2) snow goose; niiciibeetih'ohut na swan; no'éí'ihó' na swan
swap: hóóxeebéíhi- vai to swap something, trade something (?anim. obj.); hooxeebiinetí- vai to swap, trade with one another; hooxeebiin- vta to swap with s.o., trade with s.o.
sway: neeneece'óó- vai to sway
swear: kóotéébinoo3- vta to curse s.o., swear at s.o.
sweat lodge: cííbeen ni a thing used for a sweat lodge, especially the willow frame; ciibéét ni sweat lodge
sweat: kóúwo'oot ni perspiration, sweat; kouwo'óó- vai to perspire, sweat; kóúwo'oot ni sweat; kouwkoohúh- vta to cause s.o. to work up a sweat; kouwo'óónoo- vii to sweat; bísecei'óó- vai to sweat; ciibé- vai to sweat in a sweatlodge; kouwkoohú- vai to work up a sweat
sweep: woti'ohéí- vai to sweep
sweet cicely: wooxubóu'óó' ni sweet cicely and related plants, scientific name Osmorhiza spp.
sweet: nisikocóóno ni (pl.) sweets; nisciixonóót ni something sweet to eat
sweet: nisíscoo- vii to be sweet
sweetclover: 3ííkonwonííhiiho' ni (pl.) possibly chainpod, peavine, scientific name Hedysarum spp., or sweetclover, scientific name Melilotus spp.
sweetgrass: ni'óxu' ni sweetgrass, Hierochlo� hirta; ní'ibóutéé' ni sweetgrass
sweetheart: nebii'ó'oo na-dep my sweetheart, my girlfriend, my boyfriend
swell: nisóno'óó- vii to be swollen, inflated; koo'óó- vii to swell; nisono'óó- vai to swell
swifthawk: hééyei na hawk, falcon, swifthawk
swim: tóusébi- vai 1) to swim, 2) to take a bath, bathe; hiinouu- vai 1) to swim around, 2) to bathe; cowouwú- vai to swim; hiinouwú- vai to swim around
swing: neeneecihíít ni swing; neeneecéíhi- vai to swing; neeneeckúú3- vta to swing s.o.
switch: nisíkoh- vta to whip s.o., switch s.o.; niskóhei- vai to whip, switch; niskohóe ni switch, whip, quirt; niscíbes ni switch, whip; nisikoh- vti to switch s.t., whip s.t.
sword: héébetooxe ni sword
sympathize: howóuunon- vta 1) to have mercy on s.o., 2) take pity on s.t., 3) sympathize with s.o.
syphilis: bo'hókoyei- vai to have syphilis
tabasco sauce: nih'oubé'eek ni tabasco sauce, hot sauce
table: bíí3hiitoó ni table
tablecloth: so'oo3óó ni 1) tablecloth, mat, 2) carpet, rug
tableware: besnóoó ni 1) wooden vessel such as pan or plate, 2) extended to dishes or tableware not made from wood
taboo: nénebeenííhi' adv regarding restrictions, taboo
tadpole: hiseinotee na tadpole
tail: nih'oowoonineekúúhu- vai to wag one's tail; hinookóó3 ni bird's tail; 3i'ooni'oo- vai (e.g. a horse) to have one's tail up; tíhii ni tail; betíhii ni-dep tail; heyoonínee- vai to have a long tail; hitíhiini- vai to have a tail
take a long time: koutonéíhi- vai 1) to be late, 2) to take a long time to do something
take apart: 3owóun- vta to take s.o. apart (anim. obj.); 3owóun- vti to take s.t. apart
take away: síinínee- vai to take things away (e.g. from an enemy)
take care of: hééteniih- vta 1) to protect s.o., 2) to take care of s.o., 3) to watch over s.o.
take cover: hóyeikóóhu- vai take cover (e.g. from bad weather)
take down: hóówben- vta to take s.o. down; hoowbén- vti to take s.t. down
take home: hookootii- vai to take something to one's home
take in: cíí3en- vta to take s.o. into a place
take part: nohcó'oo- vai to participate, take part in something
take s.o. home: hóókoo3- vta to take s.o. home
take: neenóóxobei- vai 1) to bother someone's horses, 2) to take someone's horses; híten- vta 1) to take s.o., 2) to grab s.o.; hitén- vti 1) to take s.t., 2) to grab s.t.; cénenéíhi- vai to be taken down; cenén- vta to bring or take s.o. down from a place up above; cenén- vti to bring or take s.t. down from a place up above; koxo'úten- vti to slowly take something; nouuten- vta to take (animate obj.) outside; 3ebóoséí3xoh- vta to take s.o. away over there; no'óetéíxoh- vta to take s.o. down to a river; nó'oo'xoh- vta to take s.o. far away from the camp circle; cííten- vta to take s.o. in; wóteexoh- vta to take s.o. into a crowd, camp, gathering or camp circle; koyein- vta to take s.o. off, pull s.o. out; no'oe'én- vta to take s.o. out of water; yíhxoh- vta to take s.o. to a distant place; cííten- vti to take s.t. inside; koyein- vti to take s.t. off, pull s.t. out; no'oe'én- vti to take s.t. out of water; hiténowoo- vai to take something for oneself, get something for oneself
tale: heeteetéí- vai to tell a story, tale; heetéétoo ni legend, story, tale; hoo3ítoó ni story, tale
talk back: ce'eenéti- vai to talk back
talk: wóówoséí- vai to use filthy language, to talk dirty; heenéti3- vta 1) to talk to s.o., speak with s.o., 2) to call s.o. over; heenéti- vai to talk
tall: henéíhi- vai 1) to be long, 2) to be tall; henixonóehi- vai to be tall; có'ouu3óó- vii to be tall
tallow: níinén ni fat, lard, tallow
tame: hisííne'étii- vai 1) to be gentle, kind, meek, tender, 2) (an animal) to be tame, 3) to be nice, friendly
tan: kooniitee- vii (a hide) is tanned; kooneníii- vai to tan (a hide)
tangle: toukutooceísi- vai to be tangled; touku3óó- vii to be tangled
tape measure: tekooceíyoó ni tape measure
tape: niibeiikúú3oo ni something that makes music or sound, e.g. an organ (musical instrument), phonograph record, audio tape, cd, tape player, cd player, etc.
tar: wó'oteencéí ni tar
tarantula: bíísnih'óó3oo na tarantula
tarp: bee3o'óotí' ni tarp, tarpaulin
tarry: nee3onéíhi- vai to tarry, stay longer than intended
taste: woxcóó- vii to taste bad; ni'cóó- vii to taste good; benóucob- vti to taste s.o. (anim. obj.); benoucét- vti to taste s.t.; tesni'cóó- vii to taste very good
teach: hiixoohoo3ih- vta to instruct s.o., teach s.o., to show s.o. how to do something; neyéí3eibee- vai to teach; neyéí3eih- vta to teach s.o.
teacher: hiixoohoo3i3éíhii na instructor, teacher; neyéí3eibéíhii na teacher; neyei3ei3éíhii na teacher; neyéí3eibeihííni- vai to be a teacher
tear: cee'éé- vii to be frayed, torn; toteen- vta to tear s.o. (anim. obj.); ko'oe- vti to tear s.t. out (e.g. a check from a checkbook); toteekúútii- vai to tear something
tease: hiiníkotiih- vta 1) to play with s.o., 2) to tease or trick s.o.; cóó'ob- vta to kid s.o., joke with s.o., tease s.o.
tedious: ciisíwoo3oo- vii to be monotonous, tedious
teenager: woonootees na young person, often referring to someone in their teens
telephone: wóteikuu3óó ni telephone; wóteikuuton- vta to telephone s.o.
television: ce'ískuu3óó ni 1) film, movie, 2) equipment that displays a film or movie such as a projector or television
tell: hoo3ítoot- vti to tell s.t., narrate s.t. (e.g. a story); hoo3ítoon- vta to tell s.o. a story, tell s.o about something; ciiwoní'inihíítooni- vii it takes a long time to say it, to tell it; heeteetéí- vai to tell a story, tale; nihíí3- vta to tell s.o., say something to s.o.; héí'tobé'e- vai to tell something, say something; hoo3ítoo3óó' vii (a story) is told, has been told; hoo3íte'e- vai to tell a story; hóó3itóúhu- vai to tell a story for oneself; héí'towuun- vta to tell something to s.o.
temple: hiniiité' ni-dep temple (part of the head)
ten: béteetox num ten
tender: no'óxoyóó- vii to be sore, tender
tendon: 3ei3 ni 1) tendon, 2) cartilage, 3) muscle
tent: cebtokóy ni tent
tepee flap: wonotóno' ni-dep 1) ear, 2) tepee flap
tepee: hokóóx na tepee pole; niiinón ni tepee (tipi), tent; heebetokoy ni big tepee; 3ouuyokóy ni tepee, cone-shaped tent
testicle: be3éés ni-dep testicle
testify: hoo3itee- vai to testify
thank you: hohóú particle thank you
thank you: hohóúkes particle thank you
thank: bébi'íni- vai to give thanks, show appreciation
Thanksgiving: hohóuhuuníísi' ni Thanksgiving day
that: hí'in particle that, those; híni' particle that, those; ne'- proclitic that (back reference); hínee particle that, those
thaw: te'cí'oo- vii to be melting, thawing; te'cí'oo- vai to melt, thaw; xooxo'oesé- vii to become springtime, for the weather to thaw; hóókuu'óó- vii to thaw, warm up
The Forks: héetnó'owúú' placename The Forks, WY, where the Big and Little Wind Rivers meet near Riverton, WY
theater: ce'ískuu3eino'óówu' ni theater
theft: hébiitowó'ot ni theft, an act of thievery
then: ne'- pv narrative tense marker meaning then, next, and then; nó'oxoohóhk particle then; ne'ii'ííhi' particle then
there: hii3- pv from there (to here); honohúbe' particle there, away from here; húú3e' particle there, over there; 3ebóoséi3ííhi' adv 1) back there, away over there, 2) in the past; héé3ebcíisíniihííhi' adv over there far along (a watercourse); henééyoo particle right there; hinít particle right there; 3eb- pv there; héé3eb- pv there, over there; 3owóótee- vii to be located over there
Thermopolis: Xonoú'oo' ni town of Thermopolis
they: neneení3i' pronoun they, third person plural pronoun
thick: hookoyóó- vii to be thick; co'ookeehí- vai to be thick; co'ookeeyéíhi- vai to be thick
thief: hebiitííhii na thief; hébiitiihííni- vai to be a thief
thigh: becóó ni-dep thigh
thin: kokoun- pv thin, narrow; hecesóóceihi- vai to be thin (e.g. a rope); kokóuniisóó- vii to be thin (e.g. paper)
thing: heeyóúhuu ni 1) thing, 2) stuff, 3) something, anything
think about: 3óó3eeneb- vta 1) to remember s.o., 2) to think about s.o.
think badly: wóxeeneb- vta to think badly of or about s.o.
think highly of: nó'oteenebéíhi- vai to be thought of highly
think: ni'koko'ú3ecoo- vai to be able to concentrate, think clearly; híí3eenebéíhi- vai how someone was thought of, regarded; kookóh'ú3ecóó- vai to think; kokóh'eenéét- vti to think about s.t.; no'u3ecoo- vai to think back; no'ú3ecóót- vti to think back to s.t., have s.t. arrive in one's mind; bééseeneb- vta to think highly of s.o.; co'óuuteenéb- vta to think highly of s.o.; nó'óteenéb- vta to think highly of s.o.; kokóh'eeneb- vta to think of s.o.; tóú3eenéét- vti what does (s.o.) think of s.t.?; heesí3ecóo- vai what or how someone is thinking (relative)
third: néesí'owóó- vii 1) to be the third time, 2) it is the third one
thirst: néétokóóyei- vai to die of thirst
thirsty: nokóóyei- vai 1) to fast ritually, 2) to be thirsty
thirteen: béteetox néésiini num thirteen
this: hiisóho' particle this way, like this; néhe' particle this, animate demonstrative; núhu' particle this, inanimate demonstrative; néhe'eenóh particle this one; núhu'uunóh particle this one
thistle: tóóxu'óó' ni 1) phlox, scientific name Phlox spp., 2) thistle, scientific name Cirsium spp., probably Cirsium edule
thong: nooceiyoo ni thong
those: hí'in particle that, those; híni' particle that, those
thought: hiiní3ecoo ni 1) mind, 2) thought
thousand: beesbetéétosóó' num a thousand
thread: wohoonínook ni string, thread, yarn; 3ei'éíyei- vai to thread
threaten: hóóxub- vta to threaten s.o.
three days: néesíiis ni three days; néesíinsíne- vai to stay somewhere for three days
three: nééso num three; neh'í- vai to be three in number; néésneníí- vai to be three in number, to be a group of three
thresh: 3o'oéyoo ni threshing machine
throat: beitooó ni-dep throat
throb: ko'ohúúni- vii to throb, pulsate; ko'ohúú- vai to pulse, throb
through: 3ookúúhu' adv through; xook- pv through; híi3hííhi' adv through there; xookúsee- vai to walk through something, go through something
throw: hóówkuutii- vai to throw something down
throw away: hoseikuu3- vta to throw s.o. away; hoseikuutii- vti to throw s.t. away
throw: censíb- vta (e.g. a horse) to throw s.o. off, buck s.o. off; césiskúútii- vai 1) to throw something, 2) to turn on something (e.g. a radio) or start something up (e.g. a motor); sii'ihkúu3éíhi vai to be thrown into water; ko'ósib- vta to throw s.o. against something; hóówkuu3- vta to throw s.o. down; cíí3kuu3- vta to throw s.o. inside a place; hihcikuu3- vta to throw s.o. upwards; hihcikuutii- vti to throw s.t. upwards; hóuu3kúútii- vai to throw something so that it hangs; 3éi'ikúuton- vta to toss or throw something into a container for s.o.
thrush: nookoniibeit na 1) hermit thrush, 2) also used as a personal name
thumb: bées3éé3oo ni thumb
thunder cloud: nii'éíhiinó'et ni eagle cloud, thunder cloud; níí'eheinó'etí- vii to be an eagle cloud or thunder cloud
thunder: boh'óoó na thunder; bohooó na thunder; boh'ooo- vii to be thundering; niitóúúhu- vai to thunder
Thunderbird: boh'ooonii'eihii na Thunderbird
Thursday: yéínonóóke' ni Thursday; neeso nonóóke' ni Thursday
thus: néé'ees- pv that is how, that is what, thus; nee'eesóó- vii it is thus, it is like that, that is how it is; néé'eesííhi' adv like that, thusly
tick: hísi' na tick
tickle: hoxóóxeen- vta to tickle s.o.
ticklish: hoxóehi- vai to be ticklish
tie up: tóúku3etí- vai 1) to tie oneself up, 2) to tie something to oneself; tóukutóóxobéí- vai to tie up horses
tie: co'o'éín ni necktie, tie; wo'éín ni 1) necklace, 2) scarf, 3) tie; wohuukutíí- vai to tie shoelaces; tóúku3etí- vai 1) to tie oneself up, 2) to tie something to oneself; noo'óeetóúkuhú- vii to be tied up all around an area or place; tóúku3- vta to tie s.o. up; co'óoxúucíhi- vai to tie something around one's waist; tóúkutíí- vai to tie something up
tied up: tóúkuhú- vai 1) to be tied up, 2) to be in jail; ciitóukúhu- vai to be tied up inside an area, such as a corral
tied: nestóúkuhú- vii to be left behind tied to something
tiger: bexóókee na 1) cougar, mountain lion, 2) also extended to tiger
tight: nih'óó- vii to be tight
tighten: nih'oo'óh- vti to tighten s.t.
tightly: nei'- pv closely, tightly
timber: neeyéíc ni timber
time: téébe particle just now, just in time; cis- pv a duration of time, length of time, a while; cisííni- vai to take a certain time to do something, take a while; nó'oxóó- vii the time has arrived
timer: he'íyoohééhii ni timer
timid: nito'éí- vai to be timid
tinder: cih'óxuú ni tinder; cíínohúxoono ni tinder; noosoo' ni ?tinder, plant used for tinder
tingle: biiseeyou'óó- vii to tingle
tiny: hokeciihíh- vai to be little, small, tiny; tesókecóúhu- vii to be tiny, very small; tesókeciihíh- vai to be tiny, very small
tip: hi3ecínoo'óó- vai to tip over
tipi cover: hookseetohuut ni tipi cover, tipi liner
tipi: niiinón ni tepee (tipi), tent; hokóóx na tepee pole; níiinonííhi' adv related to tipis; nééceeníiinon ni the chief's tipi
tipsy: ni'ouwúhti- vai to be tipsy
tire: ko'einoohtóó na 1) wheel, 2) tire; ko'einó'ohtóó na tire; neetcí3- vta to tire s.o. out, make s.o. tired; neetoxúúh- vta to tire s.o. out, make s.o. tired
tired: ciisibínoo'óó- vai to get tired of something, find something monotonous; hee3neeneetínoo'oo- vai to be dead tired, really tired; neetéíhi- vai to be tired; neetínoo'oo- vai to be tired; neetikóóhu- vai to be tired from running; neetíkotii- vai to be tired from walking; néétoxuuní- vai to be tired from working; neetouubéíhi- vai to feel tired
to that degree: néé'ee3éí'- pv to that degree (cleft); tohuu3éí'- pv to what degree (interrogative); he'íi3éí'- pv to what degree (relative); he'íi3éí'nee- pv to what degree (relative)
toad: koonoonooxobe' na a large toad (unidentified type); héébe3ooxóbe' na toad; hiseinoteihii na toad
tobacco: síísoowoo na tobacco, scientific name Nicotiana attenuata
today: núhu'úúsi' today
toe: besé' ni-dep toe
together: hoo'einéíhi- vai to be together, assembled; wóóhonén- vti to join s.t. together; wóóhonéíhi- vai to be united, be a group, be together; wóóhonóusé' vii things are laying together, laid out together; wóóhoníseenóó' vii things have come together, things have become linked or joined; wóóhon- pv together, united; wóóhonootéé- vii to be (lying) together; níísneníí- vai to be together; hono'úton- vta to have or keep people or animals together; wóóhonííhi' adv together, in a joint fashion
toilet paper: hébihoonoo'óet ni toilet paper
toilet: niitkooneetóótiini' ni privy, toilet
Tomahawk Lodge: ce'ééxunen na member of the Tomahawk Lodge or War Club Lodge; hiice'eexoowú' ni Tomahawk Lodge; ce'éexóowú' ni Tomahawk Society
tomahawk: 3oxóo ni tomahawk, club, war club
tomato: yéino' na tomato
tomorrow: nohkúseic particle 1) morning, 2) tomorrow morning; nooke'éhk particle 1) tomorrow, 2) tomorrow morning; hónohúbe' nooke'ehk ni the day after tomorrow
tongue: bei3ón ni-dep tongue; wóhoo ni tongue of a shoe or boot
tonight: bííkoo particle 1) at night, 2) last night, 3) tonight; tece'ííni'éhk particle tonight
too many: hoowúh- pv too much, too many, excessively
too much: howúhnéniinóó' vii 1) there is a lot , 2) there is too much; hoowúh- pv too much, too many, excessively
tool: niisí3oocííyoono ni tool
tooth: 3oxookútee- vai to be missing a tooth; béíci3 ni-dep tooth
toothpick: noonóócohout ni toothpick
top of the head: 3óokuní'ei' at the top of the head (of a person)
top: 3oontééc ni top of the head; teesííhi' adv on top of; teesísee- vai 1) to get on something, get on top of something , 2) to mount a horse, 3) to get in something (e.g. a car); hiixóú'u'úúhu' adv up at the top, at the summit; teesí' adv on top; hou3ínee- vai to be on top of something; houusóó ni top (toy); 3ebiixóú'unííhi' adv towards the top
tornado: neyoooxét ni 1) twister, tornado, whirlwind, dust devil, 2) caterpillar; neyoooxetiineesé' ni tornado wind
torture: nóónonóxoo3íh- vta to torture s.o.
toss: heenéíhcikuutíí- vai to toss something up; heenéíhcikuu3- vai to toss something up
touch: béxoh- vta 1) to hit s.o., strike s.o., 2) to touch s.o., make contact with s.o.; nébkúúhu- vai to have been touched after first having had a touching motion made four times, as in ceremonial blessing or painting; bésen- vta to touch s.o.; tíí'en- vta to touch s.o. (e.g. to get their attention); nébkúútii vai to touch something after first having made a touching motion four times, as in ceremonial blessing or painting; béxo'on- vta to touch s.o.
touchy: ciinówouhú- vai 1) to be delicate, 2) to be touchy
tough guy: niih'óeht na tough guy
tough: nó'o3óó- vii to be cruel, tough, very difficult to endure; nó'otéíhi- vai 1) to be tough, mean, 2) to have power; be3o'óseinoo- vii (meat) to be tough; nó'o3íkobee- vai to act tough (in a false way); noo3íkobee- vai to be tough; téí'oxoeh- vai to be tough (e.g. wood); teicóó- vii to be tough (e.g. wood)
toward: yih- pv directional preverb, toward a distant place; yiisííhi' adv towards a distant place; yíí3e'einííhi' adv towards a distant place
towel: hehíyoó ni something you wipe with, e.g. a towel, rag, tissue; héíh'eihóó ni towel
town: howóh'oowú' ni town
toy: hiinókotíít na toy
track: 3óókuh- vta 1) to follow s.o., 2) track s.o., trail s.o.; nonooxeisé' ni a track; nóoxéíhi- vai to make tracks, leave tracks or footprints; nowuh- vta to track s.o., follow s.o.'s tracks; nowú3éí'i- vai to track someone or something
tracks: nóoxeihíít ni a path, tracks; cowóoxéíhi- vai to leave a path of tracks; nóho'nóoxéíhi- vai to leave tracks going upwards
trade: hóóxeebéíhi- vai to swap something, trade something (?anim. obj.); hooxeebiinetí- vai to swap, trade with one another; hooxeebiin- vta to swap with s.o., trade with s.o.; hooxóebíínetí- vai to trade, exchange things
traditional: héétee particle 1) before, prior, previous, earlier, 2) in ancient times, traditionally
trail: bóoó ni 1) road, trail, 2) milky way; 3óókuh- vta 1) to follow s.o., 2) track s.o., trail s.o.; hitóóxu'óó- vai to be trailing, coming last; nonooxóyoti' ni trail; neenéi3xootííni' ni trail
train station: teesihcehéíno'oowú' ni railroad station, train station
train: cébno3éénotii ni truck, freight train; héso'óónotii na train, locomotive
translate: cowoo3ítoot- vti to interpret s.t., narrate s.t., translate s.t.
translator: cowoo3íteihii na interpreter, translator
transparent: cihkoyóó- vii to be transparent, clear
transvestite: hoxúx na 1) berdache, transvestite, 2) also applied to a homosexual person (of either sex)
trap: ce3- vta to catch, trap or capture an animal; ce3éíhi- vai to have ben caught, trapped or captured; noyóót na 1) rainbow, 2) fishhook, fishing gear, 3) ?trap; nii3nóyei- vai 1) to trap with others, 2) to compete in trapping; nóyoo3- vta to trap s.o. (anim. obj.)
travel: cebikóóhu- vai to pass by, travelling in a vehicle
travois: cébtoo'óóku3óó ni travois
treat: noho'óúúb- vta to invite s.o., treat s.o. by paying on their behalf; hiisíínih- vta how someone treats s.o. else; nééni'íh- vta to treat s.o. well
tree: héé3neebés ni cottonwood, scientific name Populus deltoides; hohóót na 1) tree, 2) cottonwood tree, scientific name Populus deltoides; tebii3oobiis ni a tree or shrub which produced a walnut worn by children for good luck; hohootíínoo'óó- vai to turn in to a tree, become a tree
tremble: hehíínoo'óó- vai to shake, shiver, tremble; hehííkotíí- vai to tremble
tribe: hííteen ni 1) village, 2) tribe; niiciihéíhiiteen ni Kiowa tribe
trickster: nih'óó3oo na 1) spider, 2) white man (person), Caucasian, 3) a trickster figure in Arapaho mythology
tricky: néhtonítoo- vai to act in a tricky or deceitful manner, do something tricky or deceitful; néhtonéíhi- vai to be tricky, deceitful
trim: wotío'óxoo' vii it has been cut off, trimmed away
trinity: neneesnéniinoo' ni trinity
tripe: noo'óééyoó ni tripe
tripod: neneesó'ohtéénoo ni tripod
triumph: hóó3onéíhi- vai 1) to triumph over a challenge, resist successfully, 2) to be undefeatable
trot: seséisínohuuhéí- vai to ride on a horse at a trot
trouble: ceténowóhoetí- vai 1) to hurt oneself accidentally, 2) to get oneself into trouble; ceténowoo- vai to get oneself into trouble
trousers: wótoo ni 1) pants, trousers, leggings, 2) (pl.) underwear, panties
trout: kokóunówo' na trout
truck: cébno3éénotii ni truck, freight train; bííno3éénotii ni truck; cébno3éénotii ni truck
true: hee3óóbeenéét- vti to believe in s.t., consider s.t. true; hí3obeéé- vii to be correct, be saying something true; hí3oobéí- vai to be correct, say something true; hí3oowúúhu' adv in a real or true manner; hi3oobéé- vii 1) to be correct, right, 2) to be true; hee3óóbeenéé- vii to be true
truly: hee3nee- pv 1) very, 2) true, truly; héé3neenííhi' adv truly
truthful: xóuuwúnihíí- vai to speak in a straight, proper, truthful way
try: néyei- pv conative, try; neyéi3ííhi' adv by trying, with effort; nih'óunéé- vai to keep trying something, be persistant; néyei3ib- vta to try s.o. out, try and see if s.o. will do something; néyei3ítoo- vai to try to do something; néyei3ítii- vai to try to do something; níh'ooní- vai to try hard at something
tube: kokíy ni 1) tube, 2) whistle (traditional type), 3) gun, rifle
tuberculosis: woxo'óót ni tuberculosis; woxó'oo- vai to have tuburculosis
Tuesday: níísnonóóke' ni Tuesday; niiscowo'óó' ni Tuesday; ceeséy nonóóke' ni Tuesday
tundra: tonoxtééni' vii 1) there is a cave, there is an opening in the earth, 2) there is a meadow or clearing in the forest, 3) there is a tundra area beyond the forest
turkey vulture: ceyótowúúnii'éíhii na turkey vulture
turkey: beescénee na 1) turkey, 2) extended to a exotic large birds such as ostriches
turn off: bih'ínkuutii- vai to turn a light off; tou'kúútii- vai to turn something off (e.g. water); hóótonéén- vti to turn the heat off
turn on: césiskúútii- vai 1) to throw something, 2) to turn on something (e.g. a radio) or start something up (e.g. a motor); noh'óéseikúútii- vai to turn a light on; nihkúútii- vai to turn something on (e.g. water)
turn: hííneenííhi' adv by turning around, in a turning around manner; híínee- pv turning around, reversing direction; híte3síne- vai to be the one whose turn has come; ko'éísee- vai to turn around (while walking); hiinéésee- vai to turn, turn around
turned: céibííhi' adv 1) turned aside, to the side, 2) in a twisted manner, in a crooked manner
turnip: nonookúce'éé' ni turnip
turtle: be'énoo ni 1) fog, 2) turtle; bee3o'oubéét ni turtle shell
tusk: héétookú3 ni tusk
tweezers: kó'unbiisétneeyoo ni tweezers
twelve: béteetox níísiiní num twelve
twenty: niisóó' num twenty
twice: niis particle twice
twilight: biih'inóu'oo' ni twilight
twin: heeniisóóneenóú'u vii 1) there are two of them, there is a pair, 2) there are twins; niisóó na twin
twine: hotóóneewohoonónook ni twine
twinkle: ceeceeséinoo'óó- vai to twinkle
twist one's nose: ceibii3oon- vta to twist s.o.'s beak or nose
twisted: céibííhi' adv 1) turned aside, to the side, 2) in a twisted manner, in a crooked manner
twister: neyoooxét ni 1) twister, tornado, whirlwind, dust devil, 2) caterpillar
twitch: nih'oowkúútii- vai to twitch, move or flap (e.g. one's ears); tesínoo'óó- vai to twitch
two: heeniisóóneenóú'u vii 1) there are two of them, there is a pair, 2) there are twins; niisoonei'i vii 1) (pl.) there are two, 2) (pl.) they are of two types, two kinds; niisóóneenóó' vii it has two parts, two components; niiseenou'u vii (pl.) they are of two different types; níisí- vai to be two in number; níísneníí- vai to be two in number, be a group of two; niis num two; heenéiite' particle two by two
type: cih'o3ónkúú3ei- vai to type
typewriter: cih'o3ónkuu3óó ni typewriter
udder: níí3ouyóó ni udder
ugly: woxéíhi- vai 1) to be bad, mean, 2) to be ugly; Wooxu'eihi3i' na (pl.) one of four bands identified by Kroeber, said by Kroeber to have been around Cantonment, OK
umbilical cord: bé3in ni-dep 1) belly button, 2) umbilical cord
umbrella: toukóóhowoot ni 1) lean-to, 2) porch, 3) umbrella
unable to reach: cooníítetén- vta to be unable to reach or get to s.o.
unable: coon- pv to be unable to do something; hoo3óntii- vai to be unable to manage something
uncle: neisónoo na-dep my father, my uncle; nési na-dep uncle, mother's brother
uncover: biscitíí- vai 1) to dig up, uncover, 2) to recover or revive something; koonóóyo'ún- vta to uncover s.o. (e.g. take blankets off)
undefeatable: hóó3onéíhi- vai 1) to triumph over a challenge, resist successfully, 2) to be undefeatable
under water: hi3óóbeceií particle under water; hi3oobecííhi' particle under water
under: ceenííhi' adv down, under
underground: hi3óóbesííhi' adv underground; hi3oowówu' particle underground
underneath: hi3óóbe' particle underneath
underpants: hi3óóbewotóóho ni (pl.) underpants
understand: he'ín- vti 1) to know s.t., understand s.t., 2) to keep s.t. in mind, remember s.t.; nííton- vta to hear s.o., understand s.o.; xooxouuwóóte'ín- vti to really understand s.t.
undress: néé3ibíí- vai to undress; nehéé3ei- vai to undress; nehéé3ein- vta to undress s.o.
unexpectedly: koxúúte' particle 1) suddenly, 2) unexpectedly, 3) sometimes; hííwo' particle unexpectedly, contrary to expectation
unfold: siicen- vta to unfold s.o. (anim. obj.); siicén- vti to unfold s.t.
unite: wóóhonísee- vai to join a group, unite, come together; hiniito'éíbetí- vai to unite in a long stable relationship, establish a relationship
united: wóóhon- pv together, united; wóóhonéíhi- vai to be united, be a group, be together
unkempt: wotóxoobéíhi- vai 1) to be dirty, filthy, 2) to be unkempt; woowoyóte'éí- vai to have unkempt hair
unpack: heenétoonó3ei- vai to unpack; heenetéyei- vai to unpack
unpredictable: cee'nónootéíhi- vai to be unpredictable; cee'nónoo3óó' vii to be unpredictable
unscrew: hóókooto'óh- vti to unscrew s.t.; cesyoo'óh- vti to unscrew s.t.
untie: hookun- vti 1) to untie s.t., unlace s.t. , 2) to loosen a knot; hookun- vta 1) to untie, unlace (anim. obj.), 2) to loosen a knot
until: hónoot particle until
untoward: kóhtowúúni' vii there is something amiss, untoward
unusual: kóhtobéíhi- vai to be funny, strange, unusual
unwilling: níí3eenébi- vai to be unwilling
up to: no'úúhu' adv to here, up to a point or place
up: hihcébe' particle 1) above, up, 2) in heaven; bis- pv up, out; nóho'húúhu' adv up, upwards; híhcoo'óó- vai to be heading upwards; híhcitóóbe' particle up in the air; hihcíniihííhi' adv upriver, upstream; hih- pv up, upwards
uphill: nóho'úsee- vai to walk upwards, uphill
upright: xoubeekúú- vai 1) to be erect, 2) stand straight, upright; xoubeekúú- vii to be erect, stand upright; xóuubéíhi- vai to be straight, upright; 3óó'oekúútii- vai to stick something upright in the ground
upslope: noxúutéí' 1) upwards (upslope), upstream, 2) in the west, westwards; noxúutéinííhi' adv 1) upslope, upstream, 2) in or to the west
upstairs: tééxo'oowú' ni upstairs room
upstream: noxúutéinííhi' adv 1) upslope, upstream, 2) in or to the west; noxúutéí' 1) upwards (upslope), upstream, 2) in the west, westwards; noxúutéíxoh- vta 1) to take s.o. upstream, 2) to take s.o. westwards
upwards: nóho'úsee- vai to walk upwards, uphill; nóho'húúhu' adv up, upwards; nóho'úhcéhí- vai to go upwards quickly, run or jump upwards
urge: neníísib- vta to urge s.o.
urinate: seiikóóhu- vai to urinate; 3i'isóó- vai to urinate
urine: séiit ni urine
use: tonóún- vta to use s.o.; tonóún- vti to use s.t.; hííyoo3tonóún- vti to use s.t. cleanly, properly or respectfully; nóhktonóún- vti to use s.t. in conjunction with something else
used to: nóo3ííton- vta to be or get accustomed to s.o.; nóo3ínoo'oo- vai to have gotten used to something or someone
useful: hííxonih- vta 1) to be useful to s.o., 2) to do s.o. a favor; híínoxónoh'oehííni- vai to be a useful boy; hííxonéíhi- vai to be useful
useless: woowotóx particle in vain, uselessly
usher in: nóókoníitén- vti 1) to clear the way for s.t., 2) usher in s.t. (as in a ceremony)
usher: he'neexó3eihii na guide, usher
uside down: hoo3tone'einóótee- vii to be upside down; hoo3tone'einouu3i- vai to be upside down
Utah: Wo'tééneihí' placename Utah
Ute: wó'oteenéhiisóó na Ute child; wó'oteenéhiinén na Ute man; woo'tééneiht na Ute person; wó'oteenéhiitéén ni Ute tribe; wo'otéénehísei na Ute woman
uvula: hótoowkúútoot ni uvula
vaccinate: koxukóh- vta 1) to pierce, stab s.o., 2) to vaccinate s.o., give s.o. an injection
vaccination: koxúkohú- vai to get a vaccination, get an injection
vain: woowotóx particle in vain, uselessly
value: tóónonítii- vai 1) to hold on to something (figuratively), 2) to value something, cherish something
vanish: hííyoohóú' vii 1) to be nothing, for there to be none of something, 2) to disappear, vanish; híyoohootínoo'oo- vai to disappear suddenly, be absent, vanish
vapor: xóúú'oo- vii to give off smoke, steam or vapor
various colors: ce'es3óó'ooyóó- vii to be of varying or changing colors, as an oil slick in the sun
various: cé'esííhi' adv 1) different, 2) diverse, various; cé'eis- pv different, various; heenéí'isííhi' adv 1) various kinds, 2) and so forth, and similarly, et cetera, 3) ones like that; cé'es3ootoo- vai to do various things
Vaseline: seencéí ni petrolium jelly, Vaseline; ko'óéyoó ni petrolium jelly, Vaseline
veal: wóó'oséíno' ni veal
vegetable: cééyowciinéyoono ni (pl.) vegetables
vehicle: hotíí na 1) wheel, either on a vehicle or a sacred ceremonial object, such as a stone wheel structure, as in the Bighorn Mountains, 2) vehicle with wheels (e.g. car, wagon), 3) a game implement shaped like a wheel
vein: be'íb na vein, artery
veiny dock: honesiihuut veiny dock, scientific name Rumex venosus
vengeance: nooxohéénowóó- vai to take vengeance; nooxóheen- vta to take vengeance on s.o.
very: sii- proclitic intensifier, really, a lot, very; noxow- pv 1) very (intensifier), 2) barely, 3) just now; tees- pv 1) on top of, 2) very, most; sii- pv very, really; hee3nee- pv 1) very, 2) true, truly; tes- pv very
vest: teebi3e'íneenoo' ni vest
vicious: nonoxootéíhi- vai to be mean, vicious
victory dance: ce'eetíít ni victory dance
view: hóónowóótookú'oo- vai to have a good view of something, as a spectator
village: hííteen ni 1) village, 2) tribe
vine: bííteiséénook na vine
violet: hetehíbe'éé- vii to be violet
virgin: beebéíhit na virgin; tenéítoonéíht na virgin
visible: he'íneeyóó- vii 1) to be visible, 2) to be obvious; he'íneeyoo adv in a visible or obvious way; ho3esóó- vii to be in plain sight, visible; nóóhobéíhiinoo- vii to be visible; nóóhobéíhi- vai to be visible
vision quest: betéésibí- vai to go on a vision quest and fast
visit: no'ucéítoon- vta to arrive to visit s.o.; céítoon- vta to visit s.o.
visitor: ceitéíhii na guest, visitor; céíteenén na visitor
voice: heenetíít ni 1) language, 2) speech, 3) voice; cooniiséíhi- vai to have a hoarse voice; beesiiséíhi- vai to have a loud voice; ni'iiséíhi- vai to have a nice voice
vomit: bé3ee- vai to vomit; be3óot ni vomit
vote: beséyei- vai 1) to vote, 2) to vote affirmatively; besénowuun- vta to vote for s.o.
vow: hóókoonéyei- vai to make a vow; hóókoonéyeih- vta to make a vow for the benefit of s.o.; hóókoonéyoó ni vow
vulture: woxóóxobe'- pv relating to buzzards, vultures; hécesóúhuu na vulture
vulva: beehééc ni, ni-dep vulva
wade: hiinokéee- vai to wade across; tokooxuunokeéee- vai to wade across; hokéeekón- to wade across or cross a river as a group
wag: nih'oowoonineekúúhu- vai to wag one's tail; nih'oowóónineekoohú- vai to wag one's tail
wage: ceestóó- vai to work for wages
waist: híco'ok na waist
wait: hónonihéíhiinóó- vii (a gift, special power or knowledge) to be waited for patiently; howóho'óé vai (imperative) wait!; né'ee vai (imperative) wait!; cowouubéíhi- vai to wait; toyoohóób- vta to wait for s.o.; cowóuuwúh- vta to wait for s.o., wait on s.o.; cowouuwútii- vai to wait for something; cowóuubéíhi- vai to wait, wait for something to happen; toyoohóót- vti to wait for s.t.
wake: howóten- vta to rouse s.o., wake s.o. up; howóto'óó- vai to wake up
walk around: hiinísee- vai to walk around aimlessly, wander around; hiintísee- vai to walk around the edge of something (e.g. an obstacle)
walk away: neyéisxóótiini' vii people are walking away and leaving; neyéisísee- vai to walk away from one another, separate
walk back: ce'ísee- vai to walk back
walk down: hinowúsee- vai to walk out of sight below a surface, disappear into the ground, dive into water
walk far: ceníisee- vai to walk far
walk out: noúúsee- vai to walk out of a place or area
walk to the back: nohkníicibísee- vai to walk to the back or rear with someone
walk up: nóh'ohúsee- vai to walk uphill, walk upwards
walk: yihóó- vai to go to a place, walk to a place; cebísee- vai to pass by, go by, walk by; níicibísee- vai to walk to the back, walk to the rear; nih'inéésee- vai to walk fast; wotéísee- vai to walk noisily, make noise while walking; nííteiséé- vai to walk in single file, march; kóxo'úsee- vai to walk slowly; nóho'úsee- vai to walk upwards, uphill; wotéésee- vai 1) to walk into a crowd, camp or gathering, 2) to walk into the center; bíítobeenííhi' adv on foot, by walking; nóuutowúsee- vai to keep on walking, be walking continuously; hooxuusee- vai to walk across; ce'íkotíít- vti to walk back to s.t.; ciisísee- vai to walk far; bíítobee- vai to walk, go on foot; cetéésee- vai to walk in many directions; no'óetísee- vai to walk in the direction of a river or water; no'oteineesee- vai to walk loudly; síí'ihinowúsee- vai to walk out of sight into the water; koxtísee- vai to walk over a hill to the other side; xookúsee- vai to walk through something; níhi'néésee- vai walk quickly; héé3ebísee- vai walk to there, walk over there
wander: hiinísee- vai to walk around aimlessly, wander around; hííno'úsee- vai to come wandering to a place
want: kookóós- pv modal preverb, hope, want, 'I wish that...'; beet- pv modal preverb, want to; béétoh- pv modal preverb, want to; níiíb- vta to want s.o. (anim. obj.); níiit- vti to want s.t.
War Club Lodge: ce'ééxunen na member of the Tomahawk Lodge or War Club Lodge; 3óokés ni war club
war cry: 'óohéí particle a war cry, used when striking a blow, counting coup, or scalping someone
war: bóó3etíít ni fighting, war, battle
warbler: níhooníí'ehíhi' na any small yellow bird such as a yellow warbler or goldfinch
warbonnet: woté' ni 1) hat, 2) women's warbonnet; kokóóhowóó- vai to possess and/or wear a warbonnet; noonoo'óééyookuu ni warbonnet; kokóóhowóót ni warbonnet with a trailer
warm: hóókuu'óó- vii to thaw, warm up; hookúúno'óó' vii it has warmed up (e.g. after a cold day); hiisóówu- vii (liquid) to be warm; hookuusiini- vii to be a warm day after a cold day; hiisiinoo'oo- vai to be warm; híísiiyóó- vii to be warm (e.g. weather or in a room); hiisiino'on- vta to warm s.o. up; hookúúsiiní- vii to warm up (e.g. after a cold day)
warn: néstoobéé- vai to have been warned; néstoobee'i- vai to warn people about something; néstoob- vta to warn s.o.
warpath: notíkoní- vai 1) to scout for enemies, 2) to be on the warpath
warrior: notkóniinén na 1) scout, 2) warrior
wart: hi3ii3ííbi- vai to have warts; be3íi3 na-dep wart
wash: hehííse3ei- vai to do the wash, do laundry; hehíísii'oúhu- vai to wash one's face; hehíísoonoúhu- vai to wash one's feet; hehíís3ee3ouhu- vai to wash one's hands; hehíisebetí- vai to wash oneself; hehííseb- vta to wash s.o.; hehíístii- vai to wash something
washbasin: hehíísio'huunooó ni washbasin
washing machine: hehiisé3oó ni washing machine
washtub: hehiisé3einooó ni washtub
wasp: kóho'ok na bee, wasp, yellowjacket, hornet
watch out: hóónoyoohóo3éí'i- vai to watch out for things, be on guard
watch over: hééteniih- vta 1) to protect s.o., 2) to take care of s.o., 3) to watch over s.o.; néí'oonoyóóhob- vta to watch over s.o. closely, guard s.o. closely
watch: biisíínowóó3it- vti acquire a skill or ceremony by watching others carefully; hoonoyoohowun- vta keep an eye on s.o.; hoonoyoohoot- vta keep an eye on s.t.; biisíínowoot ni act of watching something closely in order to learn about it (e.g. a ceremony or skill which one wants to acquire); biisíínowoo- vai to learn something for oneself by watching closely; biisíínowóót vti watch s.t. closely in order to learn about it (e.g. a ceremony or skill which one wants to acquire); hite'íyooní- vai to have a watch or clock; hoonoyoohóót- vti 1) to watch s.t., 2) to guard s.t.; hoonoyóóhob- vta to watch s.o., guard s.o.; biisíínobéé- vai to watch an event carefully in order to learn about it and be able to do it for oneself; hesoohob- vta to watch s.o., observe s.o.; hésookú'oo- vai 1) to watch something, 2) to watch things carefully, observe intensely; nííhookú'oot ni act of watching an event closely; hesóóhobéíhi- vai to be watched closely; hónowóótookú'oo- vai to have a good time watching something; hesoohóót- vti to watch s.t.; hoonoyoohóótowuun- vta to watch something for s.o.
water birch: hówoo'úúbiis ni water birch, scientific name Betula fontinalis
water dipper: nóókohóé ni 1) water dipper, 2) medicine switch, 3) bucket
water dog: koohoyéít na salamander, water dog
water moccasin: wo'teensiisiiyei na water moccasin, cottonmouth; wó'oteensíísííyei na water moccasin
water snake grass: néciibéíko' ni water snake grass
water sprinkling old men: ciinécei beh'ííhoho' na (pl.) water sprinkling old men, the last in system of the age-grade societies
water: necííni- vii 1) to be wet, 2) there is water; cííhkoowu' ni clear water; hiiyóótoowu' vii (water) to be pure; hoosoonéc ni rainwater; coo'óowúse' ni 1) body of water, 2) puddle; sii'ih- pv motion into water; nouu3íne- vai to be in water; seyookóóno3éí- vai to water (?e.g. plants); bénohóóxobei- vai to water horses, give water to horses; seyookóónetíí- vai to water something; nec ni water
waterfall: néc ceeníse' ni waterfall; heetceníse' ni waterfall
watermelon: nooxowóúhut na watermelon
way: hiisóho' particle this way, like this; tousííhi' particle which way?; néé'eeséé- vii that is the way it goes
weak: coonóuwuhetí- vai to be weak
wealthy: hóno'útonéíhi- vai 1) to be whole, 2) to to be very wealthy; bio'nó'oo- vai to be rich, wealthy
weapon: hítonóó3ee- vai to take along weapons
wear buckskin: nisicíhinínouhúút ni the act or custom of wearing buckskin clothes; nisicíhinínouhu- vai to wear buckskin
wear feathers: hinóókuu- vai to have feathers on one's head, wear feathers on one's head
wear: héíxo'owúú- vai to be wearing something; héíx- vti to wear s.t.; héixon- vta to wear something animate (e.g. hinów, red paint)
weasel: seihon na weasel
weather: ni'iisooo- vii to be good weather; neenéísiisooó' ni weather; neenéísiihóho ni weather
weave: nóónoyootééyei'i- vai (a spider) to weave a web; nii3ootééyei- vai to weave; wohunootéén- vti to weave s.t.
webbed: se'eihtee- vai 1) to have flat feet, 2) to have webbed feet
Wednesday: nééso nonóóke' ni Wednesday; neesocówo'oo' Wednesday; niis nonóóke' ni Wednesday
weep: biiwóóhu- vai to cry, weep
weird: cee'ínoyoo- vii to be strange, queer, weird
welcome: wóóukohéi exclamation welcome!
well: 'íne particle 1) yes, 2) ok, well; 'ínehouú particle 1) yes, 2) ok, well; ni'- pv good, well; hooxéb ni 1) spring (source of water), 2) fountain, 3) well; híínentééni- vai 1) to be well, cured from an ilness, 2) to be saved; ni'ítoo- vai 1) to do something well, 2) to be able to do something; wohéí particle 1) greeting, "well!", 2) narrative particle, well, ok, yes; tous particle well then, so then, okay then; nihíí particle hesitation particle, used similarly to English "well..."; ní'eenéineyóó3ei- vai to make people feel well
west: noxúutéíxoh- vta 1) to take s.o. upstream, 2) to take s.o. westwards; noxúutéinííhi' adv 1) upslope, upstream, 2) in or to the west; noxúutéí' 1) upwards (upslope), upstream, 2) in the west, westwards; noxúutííhi' adv in the west; níítne'íseet na the west; híhcowoonóú'u' west
westwards: hihcíniho'oo- vai to go westwards
wet: necííni- vii 1) to be wet, 2) there is water; hiixookóónee- vai to be completely wet; necííni- vai to be wet; séi3etí- vai to wet oneself; sei'óóbe- vai to wet the bed
what: hee3- pv how, why, what; heesííni vii how it is, what it is like; héesóó- vii how it is, what it is like; néé'ees- pv that is how, that is what, thus; tóús- pv what, how (interrogative); hiis- pv what, how (relative); heeyóu particle what?, what is it?
wheat: ciinóuutono ni (pl.) applied to various crops that are planted such as grain (including wheat, rye) or vegetables; 3o'ohóeeno ni 1) flour, 2) wheat
wheel: ko'einoohtóó na 1) wheel, 2) tire; hotíí na 1) wheel, either on a vehicle or a sacred ceremonial object, such as a stone wheel structure, as in the Bighorn Mountains, 2) vehicle with wheels (e.g. car, wagon), 3) a game implement shaped like a wheel; hoseihoowunotii na Sun Dance Wheel
when: toh- pv when, because, after; tohuu- pv when, because, after (habitual aspect); hei'- pv 1) when (RELATIVE), 2) once (something has occurred); tih- pv when (imperfective), since; né'nii'- pv that is when (cleft); tou'úúhu' particle when; tóú'- pv when (interrogative); nii'- pv when (relative clause)
whenever: tóónei'ííhi' adv sometime, whenever
where: néé'eetísee- vai that is where someone is coming from; néé'eetéíhi- vai that is where someone is from; néé'eet- pv that is where; néé'eetóu- vii that is where it is located, where it is at; né'niit- pv that's where (cleft); hiit- pv where; héétoh- pv where; toot- pv where (interrogative); tootóu vii where is it?; téétee where is (s.o.)?; héet- pv where (relative); niit- pv where (relative clause); héetoo- vai where someone is; héetéíhi- vai where someone is from (relative); níitoo- vai where someone is located or staying (habitually or generally)
wherever: heeneetoh- vai wherever someone is (used with iterative)
whetstone: tóxu'use3óo ni whetstone
which: tousííhi' particle which way?
while: cisííni- vai to take a certain time to do something, take a while; cis- pv a duration of time, length of time, a while; kou3ííhi' particle after a little while, a little while later; héécis- pv while
whimper: hiini- vai (a dog, wolf, coyote) to cry, whimper, howl
whine: bixóne'étii- vai 1) to whine, whimper, cry, 2) to cry as in mourning
whinny: teenéi3íbetí- vai (horses) to neigh or whinny back and forth to each other
whip: niskohóe ni switch, whip, quirt; niscíbes ni switch, whip; nisíkoh- vta to whip s.o., switch s.o.; niskóhei- vai to whip, switch
Whirlwind Woman: Neyooxetisei na Whirlwind Woman
whirlwind: neyoooxét ni 1) twister, tornado, whirlwind, dust devil, 2) caterpillar
whisker: biisétinoo ni whisker
whiskey: nih'óó3ounéc ni liquor, any kind of hard alcohol (e.g. whiskey)
whisper: hííbineeyéíti- vai to whisper
whistle: níitóuu3óó ni 1) whistle, 2) flute, 3) bugle; kokíy ni 1) tube, 2) whistle (traditional type), 3) gun, rifle; híxonokokúy ni bone whistle; nísihiinííhi' adv in a whistling manner; nísihíí- vai to whistle; nisihííb- vta to whistle at s.o.; níitóuuhu3- vta to whistle at s.o.; níitóuut- vti to whistle at s.t.; níitóuu3éí'i- vai to whistle at things; hohookeenikokuy ni whistle used in the Crazy Lodge dance
white hair: nooké'ei'óó- vai to have hair that is turning white; nooké'ei- vai to have white hair
white man: nih'óó3oo na 1) spider, 2) white man (person), Caucasian, 3) a trickster figure in Arapaho mythology
white owl: nookubee3ei na 1) white owl, 2) used figuratively to refer to snowy weather or frost
white: nookóe'éí- vai to have white hair; nook- pv white, light; nih'óó3ounííhi' adv in the way or manner of white people; noocóó- vii to be white; nookéíhi- vai to be white; hinookó3oni- vai to have a white rump; nookúnoo'óó- vii to turn white, become white
white-tailed deer: hé3owoonéíhii na white-tailed deer
who: henee' particle who?; hénee' who is it?
whole: behííhi' adv all, entirely, as a whole; hóno'útonéíhi- vai 1) to be whole, 2) to to be very wealthy; béíso- vii to be whole; hóno'útoyoo- vii to be whole
why: hee3- pv how, why, what; toúsooti' particle why?; tou3eenííhi' particle why?; nohtóu particle why?; nii3ee- pv why (habitual, imperfective aspect); nii3- pv why (habitual, imperfective aspect); tóú3ee- pv why (interrogative); híí3ee- pv why (relative); néé3ee- pv that's why (cleft)
wide: tó'obéé- vii to be wide; heebe3íse'éé- vii to be wide; beestó'obéé- vii to be wide; heebe3tó'obeihi- vai to be wide; tó'obeihi- vai to be wide; cííxoyóó- vii to be wide (and long)
widow: hííniibiiséí na widow
widower: hííniibiinén na widower
wife: hiníín na his wife; niini- vai to have a wife; netesíh'e na-dep wife
wild horse: néseinóóx na wild horse
wild: neséíhiinóó- vii to be wild (in a pejorative sense), crazy; néseihiinííne'étii- vai 1) to live in the wild, live with or in contact with nature, 2) to live as lived prior to reservation days; neséíhi- vai 1) to be wild, 2) to be in union with nature
willow shelter: nii3oe'ínowoo- vai to make a willow shelter (e.g. coo'oeyóó) for oneself
willow: co'óe'ín- vti to make s.t. out of willows, e.g. a brush shelter; boo'óóceiyóókuu' ni peachleaf willow, scientific name Salix amigdaloides; yóókox ni willow shrub or tree, scientific name Salix spp.
wilt: necikou'óó- vii to wilt
win: hoyóó3- vta to win against s.o., beat s.o. in a contest; hoyéí- vai to win
Wind River: hóteiniicíe ni Big Wind River
wind: neyoooxetiineesé' ni tornado wind; xooxo'oese' vii 1) wind is blowing, 2) spring is in the air; toyo3eese- vii a cold wind to blow; ceneneese' vii the wind is dying down; honeesi- vii to be blown over by wind; no'óteesé- vii to be very windy; heséisén ni wind; no'éése- vii (wind) to start to blow
window: noh'eihóó ni 1) window, 2) skylight
windy: heseisé- vii to be windy
wine: biinínec ni chokecherry juice, chokecherry wine; niscínec ni wine (sweet commercial wine)
wing: heenei3é'enoo- vai to have wings; sei'3e'íwoo3íí- vai to spread one's wings; hi3é' ni wing
wink: kóó'ookúhcehi- vai to wink; kóó'ookúhcehííton- vta to wink at s.o.
winter hawk: cecnóhuu na applied to several types of hawk such as goshawk, winter hawk, rough-legged hawk, harrier
winter: cec ni winter, year; ceciini' vii to be winter; cecinsíne- vai to pass the winter, spend the winter in camp
wintertime: cecinííhi' adv in the wintertime
wipe one's eyes: hóhookúnetí- vai to wipe one's eyes
wipe: hóhookú- vai to wipe an eye or eyes; hehín- vta to wipe s.o., wipe s.o. off (anim. obj.); hehín- vti to wipe s.t., wipe s.t. off
wire cutter: koxoééyooó ni wire cutter
wire: coowooceiise' ni 1) wire, 2) fence made from wire
wise: he'éíhi- vai 1) to be knowledgeable, smart, wise, 2) to be sane, of sound mind
wish: koos- proclitic 'I wish that ...'
with: hi'- pv instrumental, with, by means of, about; hi'ííhi' particle 1) instrumental, with, 2) about, concerning; nííso'- pv 1) with, jointly, acting together, 2) mixed; nii3- pv with, along with, jointly; nohkúúhu' adv with (as in keeping something with one); nohk- pv with, comitative (e.g. kept with a person, carried along with a person)
within: cii3ííhi' adv inside, within
without: ní'iicííni adv 1) without, 2) not using something
wolf: hooxéíhiinéniinohwóót ni Wolf Dance, Pawnee Dance; heebetóóxei na big wolf; hóóxei na wolf
wolverine: hoho'nookeewox na wolverine; séihíwox na wolverine; tóóxu'óókuteet na wolverine
woman: hinóno'úsei na Arapaho woman; betebih'ehíhi', betébihíhi' na little old woman (diminutive); betebihíísei na old woman; bééseséí- vai to be a grown woman; hísei na 1) woman, 2) queen (in playing cards); betébi na old woman; hiséíni- vai to be a woman
wood: béxo ni (pl.) firewood; beséee- vai to gather wood; be3e'íbes ni hardwood; bes ni 1) wood, piece of wood, 2) stick, rod; hisíteenes ni charred wood
woodchuck: beexóni' na 1) woodchuck, rockchuck, 2) marmot
woodpecker: béé'e'éít na red-headed woodpecker; kookóóxee na woodpecker; tónohou3éíhii na woodpecker, esp. hairy or downy woodpeckers
woods: neeyéíci' ni forest, woods; hiikóó' ni 1) woods , 2) brush
wool: hicíínee ni fleece, wool, cotton; hóteicííneenó' ni (pl.) sheep wool
word: nihíít ni 1) word, 2) saying, phrase
work: nííston- vta 1) to serve s.o., 2) to work for s.o., 3) to make something for s.o.; niisí3ei- vai to have a job, work; niisí3oó ni job, labor, work; nó'oxúuhetí- vai to get oneself to a place by hard work, with difficulty; neetó'osíbetí- vai to work or run oneself to exhaustion; ceestóó- vai to work for wages; nóótoxuúni- vai to work hard
worker: niisí3eihii na worker
workhorse: hítoohounóóx na workhorse
world: hee3éí'o'béé' ni world
worm: beexoubíísee na worm
wormwood: ciwoniinóókhoosé' field sagewort, wormwood, scientific name Artemisia campestris
worn: bee3íse- vii 1) to be worn out, 2) to have run out, be all gone
worry: noxú3ecoo- vai to worry; noxú3ecóóh- vta to worry someone, cause someone worry
worship: hówoo'oo- vai to pray, worship; betééntoo- vai to do sacred things, to engage in a ritual, to worship
worship: hówoo'óót ni worship, prayer, act of worshipping or praying; hówoo'oo- vai to worship
would: héíh- pv potential, could have, would have; nih'et- pv 1) would, would have, 2) was supposed to, 3) were going to
wounded: hiníísiiní- vai to be wounded
wow: 'ííheihóó, exclamation exclamation of surprise, gee!, wow!; yehéíhoo exclamation exclamation of surprise, "gee!," "wow!," "isn't that something!"
wrap: niisén- vti 1) to wrap s.t., 2) to cover s.t. up; niisén- vta to wrap s.o. (anim. obj.)
wrench: cesíiiyóó ni wrench; cesyoo'óhoéé ni wrench
wrestle: hoonónkuutéhib- vta to wrestle with s.o.
wrinkle: wówe'éí- vai 1) to have a wrinkled face, 2) to have a face that is out of shape; woowóóhonó'oo- vii to be wrinkled; koon'oeht ni wrinkle
wrist: wonó' ni-dep 1) ankle, 2) wrist
write s.t.: wo3onóh- vti to draw s.t., write s.t.
write: 3óók3onóh- vti to copy s.t. (e.g. off a blackboard); wo3onóhei- vai to draw, write; wo3ónohéíhiinóó- vii to be written; wó3onóhowuun- vta to write to s.o.
wrong: nóntoo- vai 1) to make a mistake, do something wrong, 2) to be wrong, do wrong; ceyótobee- vii to be false; woxútoo- vai 1) to do something wrong, do something bad, 2) to sin; nónoyoo- vii to be wrong; nonínihíí- vai to say the wrong thing
wrongly: noni- pv wrongly
Xerox: wo3ónkuu3óó ni copy machine, Xerox machine
x-ray: 3ook3onínoo'óó- vai to get an x-ray; 3ook3ónkuutíí- vai to take an x-ray
yarn: wohoonínook ni string, thread, yarn
yarrow: no'óutíhii ni yarrow, scientific name Achillea lanulosa
yawn: nókooníí- vai to yawn
year: cec ni winter, year; tíhceciinííni' particle last year; hoo3cecííni'éhk particle next year
yeast: nisonóxoh'óe ni leavening agent such as baking powder or yeast
yell: niitóuub- vta to holler, yell at s.o.; níitóuuhu- vai 1) to howl, holler, yell, 2) (a mouse) to squeak; níitóuuhu- vai (an animal) to make a noise such as howling or bugling, (a person) to holler, yell
yellow stonecrop: hóteibii3híít ni yellow stonecrop flower, scientific name Amerosedum lanceolatum
yellow: níhooyóó- vii to be yellow; níhoonéíhi- vai to be yellow; níhoonínoo'óó- vii to turn yellow
yellowjacket: kóho'ok na bee, wasp, yellowjacket, hornet
Yellowstone: Henihco'oo' placename Yellowstone National Park; Héetíhco'oo' placename Yellowstone National Park
yelp: tooyéíto- vai to yelp
yes: wohéí particle 1) greeting, "well!", 2) narrative particle, well, ok, yes; 'íne particle 1) yes, 2) ok, well; 'ínehouú particle 1) yes, 2) ok, well; yeoh particle yes, indeed, you bet; hee particle yes; 'oo exclamation yes
yesterday: hónohúbe' tih'íísiini' ni the day before yesterday; nííto' tih'íísiini' ni the day before yesterday; tih'íísiini' ni yesterday
yet: hééscii- pv before, while not yet; hóóno' particle not yet
yolk: nííhooyóó' ni 1) egg yolk, 2) banana
you: nenéénin pronoun you, second person sg. pronoun
young Arapaho: hinonó'eisóó na young Arapaho person
young girl: hécesísei- vai to be a young girl or woman
young person: téí'toononóh'oehíhi' na a young person on the boundary between childhood and boyhood, less than twelve
young: woon- pv 1) new, 2) young, 3) latest, most recent, last (e.g. day, week); hecéxookéé- vai 1) to be a child, 2) to be young; woonootees na young person, often referring to someone in their teens; wonoonii'óót na young person, member of a younger generation; woonéíhi- vai 1) to be young, 2) to be new; honóh'oe na (male) adolescent, teenager, youth, young man
youth: hecéxonóh'oe na male youth
yucca: síínceneewoxú' ni yucca; sííceneewóxu' ni yucca, scientific name Yucca glauca, probably other Yucca spp.
zenith: nii'tesíco'oúú3i' zenith, when the sun is at its zenith
zero: hoowúúni- vii to be nothing, zero
zinc: nookbéí'ci3e' ni zinc
zip: hoxkúh-d vai 1) to button up, 2) to zip up