Klatt Synthesizer Parameters

This is a list of parameters that can be altered to create different types of synthetic utterances using the Klatt Synthesizer.

Constant Parameters

Sound file duration (du)

The duration of the utterance to be synthesized. This number will be rounded up to the nearest multiple of 'ui,' the number of milliseconds in a parameter update time interval.

Update interval (ui)

The number of msec of waveform generated between times when parameter values are updated.

Number of cascade formants (nf)

Specifies how many formants, counting from F1 up to a maximum of F8, are actually in the cascade vocal tract. The default value is 5, which is an appropriate number if the sampling rate is 10,000 samples/sec and the speaker has a vocal tract length of 17 cm.

Source select (ss)

A switch that determines which of two voicing source waveforms is used for synthesis. The default value, 1, causes a low-pass filtered impulse train to be generated, while the value 2 causes a more natural waveform with a definite sharp closing time to be invoked.

Output select (os)

Determines which waveform is saved in the output file. If 'os' has the default value of zero, the normal final output of synthesis is saved. Other output options are given below

1. Voicing periodic component alone

2. Aspiration alone

3. Frication alone

4. Glottal source (voicing, turbulence, and aspiration)

5. Glottal source sent to parallel vocal tract (AP) + radiation char

6. Cascade vocal tract, output of nasal zero resonator

7. Cascade vocal tract, output of nasal pole resonator

8. Cascade vocal tract, output of fifth formant

9. Cascade vocal tract, output of fourth formant

10. Cascade vocal tract, output of third formant

11. Cascade vocal tract, output of second formant

12. Cascade vocal tract, output of first formant

13. Parallel vocal tract, output of sixth formant alone

14. Parallel vocal tract, output of fifth formant alone

15. Parallel vocal tract, output of fourth formant alone

16. Parallel vocal tract, output of third formant alone

17. Parallel vocal tract, output of second formant alone

18. Parallel vocal tract, output of first formant alone

19. Parallel vocal tract, output of nasal formant alone

20. Parallel vocal tract, output of bypass path alone