Difference between revisions of "Imperatives and Hortatives"
From Sereer wiki
Jump to navigationJump to search (Blanked the page) |
|||
| (7 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| − | ===Imperatives=== |
||
| − | |||
| − | Imperatives for singular listeners are formed with a suffix -i and (if the focus of the command is plural) a plural marker -o': |
||
| − | |||
| − | V stem + '''-i''' + '''-o'''' |
||
| − | |||
| − | e.g. inoox-i genoox "stand up!" (079). |
||
| − | |||
| − | The plural imperative appears to surface with a suffix -yo', e.g. jaw-yo'! "cook (pl)!" (103). I analyze this here as a combination of the imperative morpheme -i and the plural marker -yo' seen elsewhere on verbs. |
||
| − | |||
| − | A negative imperative (prohibitive?) is formed as follows: |
||
| − | |||
| − | '''bar''' + '''o/nu''' + V stem |
||
| − | |||
| − | e.g. bar o ret! "don't go (sg)!", bar nu ndet! "don't go (pl)!" (103). This can be contracted to ba + V stem on occasion, e.g. ba ret! "don't go (sg)!", ba ndet! "don't go (pl)!" (103). '''bar''' can perhaps be analyzed as a free prohibitive morpheme; it is not clear if it can be used on its own as an utterance as can hortative '''aca''' (see below). |
||
| − | |||
| − | ===Hortatives=== |
||
| − | |||
| − | Hortatives, at least for 1PL subjects, are expressed by way of the following: |
||
| − | |||
| − | '''aca''' + '''i''' + V stem |
||
| − | |||
| − | e.g. aca i ndet! "let's go!" (103). '''aca''' can perhaps be analyzed as a free-standing hortative particle; it can be used on its own as an utterance meaning roughly "let's!". |
||
