Difference between revisions of "Tense (and aspect) Paradigm Table"

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Line 1: Line 1:
  +
==Sample verb paradigms==
−
==Verb Tense Paradigm Table==
  
   
 
===cook===
  
===cook===
Line 7: Line 7:
 
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Bare form
  
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Bare form
−
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Imperative
  
−
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"| Participle
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
  
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ɟau
 +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| jaw
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ?
  
−
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"| ?
  
 
|}
  
|}
   
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|-
  
|-
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Present
  
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Present
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ɟauam
 +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| jawam
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| o ɟau
 +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| o jaw
  +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ajawa
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| nunjaw
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| nu ⁿɟau
  
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"|
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"|
 
|-
  
|-
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Present progressive
  
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Present progressive
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| mɛhɛ ɟaua:
 +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| mexe jawa:
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| axe jawa:
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"|
 
−
|-
  
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Perfect
  
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ɟauʔam
  
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ɟauʔa: <br> ɟauʔa
  
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| a ɟauʔa
  
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| an ɟauʔa
  
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"|
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"|
 
|-
  
|-
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Simple past
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Simple past
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| jaw'am
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| jaw'a: <br> jaw'a
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| a jaw'a
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
  +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| an jaw'a
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"|
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"|
 
|-
  
|-
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Future
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Future
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| han ɟau <br> ham ɟau
 +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| xan jaw <br> xam jaw
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| han o ɟau
 +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| xan o jaw
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| han a ɟau
 +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| xan a jaw
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| han nu ⁿɟau
 +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| xan nu ⁿjaw
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| han i ⁿɟau
 +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| xan i ⁿjaw
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"| han a ɟau
 +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"| xan a jaw
 
|}
  
|}
   
−
===cut===
 +
===cry===
   
 
{|style="width: 25%; height: 100px" border="1"
  
{|style="width: 25%; height: 100px" border="1"
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! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Bare form
  
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Bare form
  +
−
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Imperative
  
−
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"| Participle
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
  
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ɗɛg
 +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| lool
  +
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ?
  
−
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"| ?
  
 
|}
  
|}
   
−
Elicited by OAD_026
 +
Elicited by ED_035
   
 
{| style="width: 55%; height: 200px" border="1"
  
{| style="width: 55%; height: 200px" border="1"
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|-
  
|-
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Present
  
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Present
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ɗɛgam
 +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| loolam
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
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|-
  
|-
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Present progressive
  
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Present progressive
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ˈmexe ˈloola
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ˈwexe ˈloola
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| axe ˈloola
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ˈinwe loola
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ˈnuunwe loola
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"|
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"| awe loola
−
|-
  
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Perfect
  
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"|
 
 
|-
  
|-
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Simple past
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Simple past
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| lool 'am
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| lool 'a'
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| alool 'a
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ilool 'a
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| nuulool 'a
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"|
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"| 'alool 'a
 
|-
  
|-
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Future
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Future
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| xamlool, xanlool
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
Line 137: Line 115:
 
|}
  
|}
   
  +
−
===drink===
  
  +
===cut===
   
 
{|style="width: 25%; height: 100px" border="1"
  
{|style="width: 25%; height: 100px" border="1"
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! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Bare form
  
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Bare form
 
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Imperative
  
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Imperative
−
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"| Participle
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
  
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| jɛr
 +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ɗeg
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ?
 +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ɗegi
−
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"| ?
  
 
|}
  
|}
   
−
Elicited by OAD_008
 +
Elicited by OAD_026
   
 
{| style="width: 55%; height: 200px" border="1"
  
{| style="width: 55%; height: 200px" border="1"
Line 165: Line 142:
 
|-
  
|-
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Present
  
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Present
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| [[Media:I_drink_01.wav|jɛram]]
 +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ɗegam
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| [[Media:you_sg_drink_02.wav|jɛraʔ]]
 +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| oɗeg
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| a jɛraʔ <br>
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| aɗega
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| i jeraʔ
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| i'ɗeg
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| nu jɛraʔ
 +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| nu'ɗeg
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"| a jɛra
 +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"| de'ɗeg/a'ɗeg
 
|-
  
|-
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Present progressive
  
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Present progressive
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| mexe ɗega
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| wexe/woxe ɗega
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| axe ɗega
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| inwe ɗega
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| nunwe' ɗega
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"|
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"| awe ɗega
−
|-
  
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Perfect
  
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"|
 
 
|-
  
|-
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Simple past
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Simple past
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ɗeg'aam
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ɗeg'a
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| aɗeg'a
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| i'ɗeg'a
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| nu'ɗeg'a
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"|
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"| a'ɗeg'a
  +
|-
  +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Past Progressive
  +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ɗegeegam
  +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ɗegeega
  +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| aɗegeega
  +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| i'ɗegeega
  +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| nu'ɗegeega
  +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"| a'ɗegeega
 
|-
  
|-
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Future
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Future
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| xam ɗeg
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| xanoɗeg
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| xanaɗeg
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| xan i'ɗeg
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| xan nu'ɗeg
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"|
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"| xan aɗeg
  +
|-
  +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Future Progressive
  +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| xan/xam ɗega
  +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| xan oɗega
  +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| xan aɗega
  +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| xan i'ɗega
  +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| xan nu'ɗega
  +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"| xana'ɗega
 
|}
  
|}
  +
Elicited by MR_064. Above transcribed using working orthography.--[[User:Mel|Mel]] 23:21, 21 October 2012 (UTC)
   
−
===eat===
 +
===drink===
   
 
{|style="width: 25%; height: 100px" border="1"
  
{|style="width: 25%; height: 100px" border="1"
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! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Bare form
  
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Bare form
−
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Imperative
  
−
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"| Participle
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
  
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ɲa:m
 +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| jer
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ?
  
−
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"| ?
  
 
|}
  
|}
   
Line 233: Line 215:
 
|-
  
|-
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Present
  
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Present
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ɲa:mam
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| [[Media:I_drink_01.wav|jɛram]]
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ɲa:ma
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| [[Media:you_sg_drink_02.wav|jɛraʔ]]
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| aʔ ɲa:ma
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| a jeraʔ <br>
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| i ɲa:ma
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| i jeraʔ
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| nu ɲa:ma
 +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| nu jeraʔ
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"| aʔ ɲa:ma
 +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"| a jera
  +
|}
  +
  +
  +
  +
===eat===
  +
  +
{|style="width: 25%; height: 100px" border="1"
 
|-
  
|-
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Present progressive
 +
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
+
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Bare form
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"|
 
 
|-
  
|-
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Perfect
 +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ñaam
  +
|}
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
  +
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
  +
Elicited by OAD_008
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
  +
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"|
+
{| style="width: 55%; height: 200px" border="1"
 
|-
  
|-
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Simple past
+
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Tense
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
+
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| 1sg
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
+
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| 2sg
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
+
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| 3sg
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
+
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| 1pl
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
+
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| 2pl
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"|
+
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"| 3pl
  +
|-
  +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Present
  +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ñaamam
  +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ñaama
  +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| aʔ ñaama
  +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| i ñaama
  +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| nu ñaama
  +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"| aʔ ñaama
 
|-
  
|-
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Future
 
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"|
 
 
|}
  
|}
   
−
===laugh / work===
 +
===hit===
   
 
{|style="width: 25%; height: 100px" border="1"
  
{|style="width: 25%; height: 100px" border="1"
Line 279: Line 264:
 
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Bare form
  
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Bare form
−
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Imperative
  
−
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"| Participle
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
  
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ɟal
 +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| naf
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ?
  
−
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"| ?
  
 
|}
  
|}
   
−
Elicited by OAD_026
 +
Elicited by ED_033
   
 
{| style="width: 55%; height: 200px" border="1"
  
{| style="width: 55%; height: 200px" border="1"
Line 301: Line 282:
 
|-
  
|-
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Present
  
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Present
  +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ˈnafam
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| a ɟala
 
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"|
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"| aʔ
 
|-
  
|-
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Present progressive
  
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Present progressive
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| mɛhɛ ɟala:
 +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| mexe ˈnafa
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
Line 325: Line 306:
 
|-
  
|-
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Simple past
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Simple past
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| naf 'am
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
Line 333: Line 314:
 
|-
  
|-
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Future
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Future
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| xanˈnaf ~ xamˈnaf
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
Line 341: Line 322:
 
|}
  
|}
   
  +
−
===see===
  
  +
===laugh / work===
   
 
{|style="width: 25%; height: 100px" border="1"
  
{|style="width: 25%; height: 100px" border="1"
Line 347: Line 329:
 
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Bare form
  
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Bare form
−
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Imperative
  
−
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"| Participle
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
  
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| gaʔ
 +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ɟal
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ?
  
−
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"| ?
  
 
|}
  
|}
   
−
Elicited by OAD_008
 +
Elicited by OAD_026
   
 
{| style="width: 55%; height: 200px" border="1"
  
{| style="width: 55%; height: 200px" border="1"
Line 371: Line 349:
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
  +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| a ɟala
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"|
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"|
 
|-
  
|-
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Present progressive
  
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Present progressive
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| mexe ɟalaa
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
Line 408: Line 386:
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"|
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"|
 
|}
  
|}
−  
−
More sentences using 'see' are located in [[Sentences with sound files]]
  
   
 
===sit===
  
===sit===
Line 417: Line 393:
 
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Bare form
  
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Bare form
−
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Imperative
  
−
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"| Participle
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
  
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| mo:f
  
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| mo:f
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ?
  
−
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"| ?
  
 
|}
  
|}
   
Line 485: Line 457:
 
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Bare form
  
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Bare form
−
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Imperative
  
−
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"| Participle
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
  
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ˈɗaːn
 +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ɗaan
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ?
  
−
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"| ?
  
 
|}
  
|}
   
Line 507: Line 475:
 
|-
  
|-
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Present
  
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Present
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ˈɗaːnaːm
 +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ɗaanaam
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ˈkaɗaːna
 +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| kaɗaana
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ˈʔaɗaːna
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| aɗaana
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ˈiʔɗa̤ːna
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| iƭa̤ana
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ˈnuʔɗaːna
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| nuƭaana
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"| ˈaʔɗaːna
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"| aƭaana
 
|-
  
|-
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Present progressive
  
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Present progressive
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ˈmɛhɛ ˈɗaːnaː
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| mexe ɗaanaa
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ˈʋɛhɛ ɗaːna
 +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| wexe ɗaana
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
Line 545: Line 513:
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"|
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"|
−
|}
  
−  
−
===study / read / take===
  
−  
−
{|style="width: 25%; height: 100px" border="1"
  
−
|-
  
−
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
 
−
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Bare form
  
−
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Imperative
  
−
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"| Participle
  
−
|-
  
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|
  
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ˈɲɟaŋg
  
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ?
  
−
! style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"| ?
  
 
|}
  
|}
   
Line 575: Line 528:
 
|-
  
|-
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Present
  
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Present
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ˈɲɟaŋgaːm
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ɲɟaŋgaam
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ˈɲɟaŋgaːʔ
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ɲɟaŋgaa'
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ˈaɟaŋga
+
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| aɟaŋga
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ˈiːɲɟaŋga
 +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| iɲɟaŋga
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| ˈaɲɟaŋga
 +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| aɲɟaŋga
−
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"| ˈnuɲɟaŋga
 +
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"| nuɲɟaŋga
 
|-
  
|-
 
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Present progressive
  
| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Present progressive

Latest revision as of 00:37, 15 December 2012

Sample verb paradigms

cook

Bare form
jaw

Elicited by KC_027

Tense 1sg 2sg 3sg 1pl 2pl 3pl
Present jawam o jaw ajawa nunjaw
Present progressive mexe jawa: axe jawa:
Simple past jaw'am jaw'a:
jaw'a 		a jaw'a an jaw'a
Future xan jaw
xam jaw 		xan o jaw xan a jaw xan nu ⁿjaw xan i ⁿjaw xan a jaw

cry

Bare form
lool

Elicited by ED_035

Tense 1sg 2sg 3sg 1pl 2pl 3pl
Present loolam
Present progressive ˈmexe ˈloola ˈwexe ˈloola axe ˈloola ˈinwe loola ˈnuunwe loola awe loola
Simple past lool 'am lool 'a' alool 'a ilool 'a nuulool 'a 'alool 'a
Future xamlool, xanlool


cut

Bare form Imperative
ɗeg ɗegi

Elicited by OAD_026

Tense 1sg 2sg 3sg 1pl 2pl 3pl
Present ɗegam oɗeg aɗega i'ɗeg nu'ɗeg de'ɗeg/a'ɗeg
Present progressive mexe ɗega wexe/woxe ɗega axe ɗega inwe ɗega nunwe' ɗega awe ɗega
Simple past ɗeg'aam ɗeg'a aɗeg'a i'ɗeg'a nu'ɗeg'a a'ɗeg'a
Past Progressive ɗegeegam ɗegeega aɗegeega i'ɗegeega nu'ɗegeega a'ɗegeega
Future xam ɗeg xanoɗeg xanaɗeg xan i'ɗeg xan nu'ɗeg xan aɗeg
Future Progressive xan/xam ɗega xan oɗega xan aɗega xan i'ɗega xan nu'ɗega xana'ɗega

Elicited by MR_064. Above transcribed using working orthography.--Mel 23:21, 21 October 2012 (UTC)

drink

Bare form
jer

Elicited by OAD_008

Tense 1sg 2sg 3sg 1pl 2pl 3pl
Present jɛram jɛraʔ a jeraʔ
i jeraʔ nu jeraʔ a jera


eat

Bare form
ñaam

Elicited by OAD_008

Tense 1sg 2sg 3sg 1pl 2pl 3pl
Present ñaamam ñaama aʔ ñaama i ñaama nu ñaama aʔ ñaama

hit

Bare form
naf

Elicited by ED_033

Tense 1sg 2sg 3sg 1pl 2pl 3pl
Present ˈnafam aʔ
Present progressive mexe ˈnafa
Perfect
Simple past naf 'am
Future xanˈnaf ~ xamˈnaf


laugh / work

Bare form
ɟal

Elicited by OAD_026

Tense 1sg 2sg 3sg 1pl 2pl 3pl
Present a ɟala
Present progressive mexe ɟalaa
Perfect
Simple past
Future

sit

Bare form
mo:f

Elicited by OAD_008

Tense 1sg 2sg 3sg 1pl 2pl 3pl
Present mo:fam mo:fa a mo:fa, a mo:fa i mo:fa nu mo:fa a mo:fa
Present progressive
Perfect
Simple past
Future

sleep

Bare form
ɗaan

Elicited by KN_015, KN_020

Tense 1sg 2sg 3sg 1pl 2pl 3pl
Present ɗaanaam kaɗaana aɗaana iƭa̤ana nuƭaana aƭaana
Present progressive mexe ɗaanaa wexe ɗaana
Perfect
Simple past
Future

Elicited by KN_020

Tense 1sg 2sg 3sg 1pl 2pl 3pl
Present ɲɟaŋgaam ɲɟaŋgaa' aɟaŋga iɲɟaŋga aɲɟaŋga nuɲɟaŋga
Present progressive
Perfect
Simple past
Future
Retrieved from "http://linguistics.berkeley.edu/sereer/guestwiki/index.php?title=Tense_(and_aspect)_Paradigm_Table&oldid=4042"