Difference between revisions of "Minimal Pair List"
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Line 24: | Line 24: | ||
| '''e : a''' || sex || to carve off || sax || insult |
| '''e : a''' || sex || to carve off || sax || insult |
||
|- |
|- |
||
− | | '''ee : aa''' || || || || |
+ | | '''ee : aa''' || meeɓ || to pick up || maaɓ || to lie on |
|- |
|- |
||
− | | '''a : o''' || || || || |
+ | | '''a : o''' || sax || insult || sox || to hull millet by pounding |
|- |
|- |
||
| '''aa : oo''' || aqaal || boat sp. || aqool || standing dead tree trunk |
| '''aa : oo''' || aqaal || boat sp. || aqool || standing dead tree trunk |
||
Line 32: | Line 32: | ||
| '''o : u''' || sox || to dehusk millet || sux || to plug a hole |
| '''o : u''' || sox || to dehusk millet || sux || to plug a hole |
||
|- |
|- |
||
− | | '''oo : uu''' || || || || |
+ | | '''oo : uu''' || ɓooɓ || family name || ɓuuɓ || to be cold |
− | |- |
||
− | | '''c : ƈ''' || oxiic || jujube || oxiiƈ || bone |
||
|} |
|} |
||
− | |||
− | |||
− | ==Consonants== |
||
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left" |
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left" |
||
− | ! |
+ | ! Contrast || Item 1 || Gloss || Item 2 || Gloss |
|- |
|- |
||
+ | | '''p : b''' || pac || to remove foreskin || bac || to winnow |
||
− | | tadik || - || three |
||
|- |
|- |
||
+ | | '''t : d''' || taxan || to cause for someone || daxan || to search for firewood |
||
− | | ndiit || - || bird |
||
− | |} |
||
− | |||
− | {|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left" |
||
− | ! word || || gloss |
||
|- |
|- |
||
+ | | '''c : j''' || cimb || seedling || jimb || to transplant seedlings |
||
− | | ngol || - || finger |
||
|- |
|- |
||
+ | | '''k : g''' || suk || boat || sug || to pound millet |
||
− | | onqool || - || moon |
||
− | |} |
||
− | |||
− | {|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left" |
||
− | ! word || || gloss |
||
|- |
|- |
||
+ | | '''b : mb''' || bind || to write || mbind || house |
||
− | | ƥaak || - || baobab tree |
||
|- |
|- |
||
+ | | '''d : nd''' || roxod || to take off of head || roxond || to put on head |
||
− | | ɓaak || - || baobab fruit |
||
− | |} |
||
− | |||
− | {|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left" |
||
− | ! word || || gloss |
||
|- |
|- |
||
− | | |
+ | | '''j : nj''' || || || || |
|- |
|- |
||
+ | | '''g : ng''' || ɗag || to hang || ɗang || to be stuck (in a tree) |
||
− | | cimb || - || seedlings |
||
|- |
|- |
||
+ | | '''p : ƥ''' || pog || trap || ƥog || pl. to bathe |
||
− | | akim || - || song |
||
− | |} |
||
− | |||
− | {|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left" |
||
− | ! word || || gloss |
||
|- |
|- |
||
+ | | '''t : ƭ''' || teen || stoves || ƭeen || breasts |
||
− | | oqol || - || field |
||
|- |
|- |
||
− | | |
+ | | '''c : ƈ''' || oxiic || jujube || oxiiƈ || bone |
− | |} |
||
− | |||
− | {|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left" |
||
− | ! word || || gloss |
||
|- |
|- |
||
− | | |
+ | | '''b : ɓ''' || || || || |
|- |
|- |
||
− | | |
+ | | '''d : ɗ''' || dox || to be first || ɗox || to burn (intr.) |
− | |} |
||
− | |||
− | {|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left" |
||
− | ! word || || gloss |
||
|- |
|- |
||
− | | |
+ | | '''j : ʄ''' || || || || |
|- |
|- |
||
+ | | '''ƥ : ɓ''' || ƥaak || baobab tree || ɓaak || baobab fruit |
||
− | | sug || - || pound millet |
||
− | |} |
||
− | |||
− | {|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left" |
||
− | ! word || || gloss |
||
|- |
|- |
||
− | | |
+ | | '''ƭ : ɗ''' || ƭaaf || daaf tree || ɗaaf || daaf |
|- |
|- |
||
− | | |
+ | | '''ƈ : ʄ''' || || || || |
− | |} |
||
− | |||
− | {|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left" |
||
− | ! word || || gloss |
||
|- |
|- |
||
− | | |
+ | | '''t : c''' || || || || |
|- |
|- |
||
− | | |
+ | | '''c : k''' || || || || |
− | |} |
||
− | |||
− | {|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left" |
||
− | ! word || || gloss |
||
|- |
|- |
||
− | | |
+ | | '''k : q''' || || || || |
+ | |- |
||
+ | | '''k : ' ''' || ojok || neck || ojo' || testicle |
||
|- |
|- |
||
+ | | '''q : ' ''' || yoq || to be left over || yo' || to move |
||
− | | ateɓ || - || small |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | '''d : j''' || deg || to cut || jeg || to have |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | '''j : g''' || || || || |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | '''nd : nj''' || || || || |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | '''nj : ng''' || || || || |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | '''ng : nq''' || ngas || pl. to dig || nqas || pl. to berate |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | '''ɗ : ʄ''' || || || || |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | '''ƭ : ƈ''' || || || || |
||
|} |
|} |
||
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left" |
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left" |
||
− | ! |
+ | ! Contrast || Item 1 || Gloss || Item 2 || Gloss |
|- |
|- |
||
+ | | '''m : mb''' || kam || to be crooked || kamb || pits, holes |
||
− | | ɗat || - || pick fruit |
||
|- |
|- |
||
− | | |
+ | | '''n : nd''' || || || || |
− | |} |
||
− | |||
− | {|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left" |
||
− | ! word || || gloss |
||
|- |
|- |
||
− | | |
+ | | '''ñ : nj''' || || || || |
|- |
|- |
||
+ | | '''ŋ : ng''' || ŋas || to play || ngas || pl. to dig |
||
− | | ɓok || - || (be) pigeon-toed |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | '''ñ : ŋ''' || || || || |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | '''n : ñ''' || riin || front || || |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | '''ñ : ŋ''' || ñaay || to be spicy || ŋaay || to climb, mount |
||
|} |
|} |
||
− | |||
− | ==Vowels== |
||
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left" |
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left" |
||
− | ! |
+ | ! Contrast || Item 1 || Gloss || Item 2 || Gloss |
|- |
|- |
||
− | | |
+ | | '''l : r''' || || || || |
|- |
|- |
||
− | | |
+ | | '''w : b''' || || || || |
+ | |- |
||
+ | | '''l : n''' || || || || |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | '''l : nd''' || || || || |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | '''y : j''' || || || || |
||
|} |
|} |
||
+ | |||
+ | ==Consonants== |
||
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left" |
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left" |
||
! word || || gloss |
! word || || gloss |
||
|- |
|- |
||
− | | |
+ | | tadik || - || three |
|- |
|- |
||
− | | |
+ | | ndiit || - || bird |
|} |
|} |
||
Line 159: | Line 142: | ||
! word || || gloss |
! word || || gloss |
||
|- |
|- |
||
− | | |
+ | | ngol || - || finger |
|- |
|- |
||
− | | |
+ | | onqool || - || moon |
|} |
|} |
||
Line 167: | Line 150: | ||
! word || || gloss |
! word || || gloss |
||
|- |
|- |
||
− | | |
+ | | ƥaak || - || baobab tree |
|- |
|- |
||
− | | |
+ | | ɓaak || - || baobab fruit |
|} |
|} |
||
Line 175: | Line 158: | ||
! word || || gloss |
! word || || gloss |
||
|- |
|- |
||
− | | |
+ | | jimb || - || to transplant |
|- |
|- |
||
− | | |
+ | | cimb || - || seedlings |
− | |- |
||
− | | gon || - || name |
||
|- |
|- |
||
− | | |
+ | | akim || - || song |
|} |
|} |
||
Line 187: | Line 168: | ||
! word || || gloss |
! word || || gloss |
||
|- |
|- |
||
− | | |
+ | | oqol || - || field |
|- |
|- |
||
− | | |
+ | | okol || - || glue (Fr.) |
|} |
|} |
||
Line 195: | Line 176: | ||
! word || || gloss |
! word || || gloss |
||
|- |
|- |
||
− | | |
+ | | mbind || - || house (sg) |
|- |
|- |
||
− | | |
+ | | pind || - || house (pl) |
|} |
|} |
||
Line 203: | Line 184: | ||
! word || || gloss |
! word || || gloss |
||
|- |
|- |
||
− | | |
+ | | suk || - || boat |
|- |
|- |
||
− | | |
+ | | sug || - || pound millet |
|} |
|} |
||
Line 211: | Line 192: | ||
! word || || gloss |
! word || || gloss |
||
|- |
|- |
||
− | | |
+ | | fiɗel || - || fire (sg) |
|- |
|- |
||
− | | |
+ | | piɗel || - || fire (pl) |
|} |
|} |
||
Line 221: | Line 202: | ||
| gin || - || egg |
| gin || - || egg |
||
|- |
|- |
||
− | | |
+ | | giñ || - || (be) full |
|} |
|} |
||
Line 227: | Line 208: | ||
! word || || gloss |
! word || || gloss |
||
|- |
|- |
||
− | | |
+ | | ateƥ || - || rain |
|- |
|- |
||
− | | |
+ | | ateɓ || - || small |
|} |
|} |
||
Line 235: | Line 216: | ||
! word || || gloss |
! word || || gloss |
||
|- |
|- |
||
− | | |
+ | | ɗat || - || pick fruit |
|- |
|- |
||
− | | |
+ | | aƭat || - || road |
|} |
|} |
||
− | {|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left" |
+ | {|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left" |
! word || || gloss |
! word || || gloss |
||
|- |
|- |
||
− | | |
+ | | tok || - || on, on top of |
|- |
|- |
||
− | | |
+ | | ɓok || - || (be) pigeon-toed |
− | |} |
||
− | |||
− | {|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left" |
||
− | ! word || || gloss |
||
− | |- |
||
− | | poj || - || tomb |
||
− | |- |
||
− | | paj || - || sarong |
||
|} |
|} |
Latest revision as of 17:14, 28 April 2013
The list below shows some minimal or near minimal pairs.
Minimal Pairs
Consonant and vowel minimal pairs are given here to justify contrasts that one might find worthy of scrutiny.
Contrast | Item 1 | Gloss | Item 2 | Gloss |
---|---|---|---|---|
i : ii | liƥ | fish | liiƥ | to measure |
e : ee | ref | to be | reef | to follow |
o : oo | dor | to fold | door | to start |
u : uu | xuf | to startle | xuuf | to cut short |
a : aa | kaf | joke | kaaf | millet plants |
i : e | wil | hair | wel | to be sharp |
ii : ee | xiiñ | to squint | xeeñ | heart, lung |
e : a | sex | to carve off | sax | insult |
ee : aa | meeɓ | to pick up | maaɓ | to lie on |
a : o | sax | insult | sox | to hull millet by pounding |
aa : oo | aqaal | boat sp. | aqool | standing dead tree trunk |
o : u | sox | to dehusk millet | sux | to plug a hole |
oo : uu | ɓooɓ | family name | ɓuuɓ | to be cold |
Contrast | Item 1 | Gloss | Item 2 | Gloss |
---|---|---|---|---|
p : b | pac | to remove foreskin | bac | to winnow |
t : d | taxan | to cause for someone | daxan | to search for firewood |
c : j | cimb | seedling | jimb | to transplant seedlings |
k : g | suk | boat | sug | to pound millet |
b : mb | bind | to write | mbind | house |
d : nd | roxod | to take off of head | roxond | to put on head |
j : nj | ||||
g : ng | ɗag | to hang | ɗang | to be stuck (in a tree) |
p : ƥ | pog | trap | ƥog | pl. to bathe |
t : ƭ | teen | stoves | ƭeen | breasts |
c : ƈ | oxiic | jujube | oxiiƈ | bone |
b : ɓ | ||||
d : ɗ | dox | to be first | ɗox | to burn (intr.) |
j : ʄ | ||||
ƥ : ɓ | ƥaak | baobab tree | ɓaak | baobab fruit |
ƭ : ɗ | ƭaaf | daaf tree | ɗaaf | daaf |
ƈ : ʄ | ||||
t : c | ||||
c : k | ||||
k : q | ||||
k : ' | ojok | neck | ojo' | testicle |
q : ' | yoq | to be left over | yo' | to move |
d : j | deg | to cut | jeg | to have |
j : g | ||||
nd : nj | ||||
nj : ng | ||||
ng : nq | ngas | pl. to dig | nqas | pl. to berate |
ɗ : ʄ | ||||
ƭ : ƈ |
Contrast | Item 1 | Gloss | Item 2 | Gloss |
---|---|---|---|---|
m : mb | kam | to be crooked | kamb | pits, holes |
n : nd | ||||
ñ : nj | ||||
ŋ : ng | ŋas | to play | ngas | pl. to dig |
ñ : ŋ | ||||
n : ñ | riin | front | ||
ñ : ŋ | ñaay | to be spicy | ŋaay | to climb, mount |
Contrast | Item 1 | Gloss | Item 2 | Gloss |
---|---|---|---|---|
l : r | ||||
w : b | ||||
l : n | ||||
l : nd | ||||
y : j |
Consonants
word | gloss | |
---|---|---|
tadik | - | three |
ndiit | - | bird |
word | gloss | |
---|---|---|
ngol | - | finger |
onqool | - | moon |
word | gloss | |
---|---|---|
ƥaak | - | baobab tree |
ɓaak | - | baobab fruit |
word | gloss | |
---|---|---|
jimb | - | to transplant |
cimb | - | seedlings |
akim | - | song |
word | gloss | |
---|---|---|
oqol | - | field |
okol | - | glue (Fr.) |
word | gloss | |
---|---|---|
mbind | - | house (sg) |
pind | - | house (pl) |
word | gloss | |
---|---|---|
suk | - | boat |
sug | - | pound millet |
word | gloss | |
---|---|---|
fiɗel | - | fire (sg) |
piɗel | - | fire (pl) |
word | gloss | |
---|---|---|
gin | - | egg |
giñ | - | (be) full |
word | gloss | |
---|---|---|
ateƥ | - | rain |
ateɓ | - | small |
word | gloss | |
---|---|---|
ɗat | - | pick fruit |
aƭat | - | road |
word | gloss | |
---|---|---|
tok | - | on, on top of |
ɓok | - | (be) pigeon-toed |