Difference between revisions of "Minimal Pair List"
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| '''e : a''' || sex || to carve off || sax || insult |
| '''e : a''' || sex || to carve off || sax || insult |
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− | | '''ee : aa''' || || || || |
+ | | '''ee : aa''' || meeɓ || to pick up || maaɓ || to lie on |
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− | | '''a : o''' || || || || |
+ | | '''a : o''' || sax || insult || sox || to hull millet by pounding |
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| '''aa : oo''' || aqaal || boat sp. || aqool || standing dead tree trunk |
| '''aa : oo''' || aqaal || boat sp. || aqool || standing dead tree trunk |
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| '''o : u''' || sox || to dehusk millet || sux || to plug a hole |
| '''o : u''' || sox || to dehusk millet || sux || to plug a hole |
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− | | '''oo : uu''' || || || || |
+ | | '''oo : uu''' || ɓooɓ || family name || ɓuuɓ || to be cold |
+ | |} |
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+ | |||
+ | {|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left" |
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+ | ! Contrast || Item 1 || Gloss || Item 2 || Gloss |
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+ | |- |
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+ | | '''p : b''' || || || || |
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+ | |- |
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+ | | '''t : d''' || || || || |
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+ | |- |
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+ | | '''c : j''' || || || || |
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+ | |- |
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+ | | '''k : g''' || || || || |
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+ | |- |
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+ | | '''b : mb''' || || || || |
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+ | |- |
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+ | | '''d : nd''' || || || || |
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+ | |- |
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+ | | '''j : nj''' || || || || |
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+ | |- |
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+ | | '''g : ng''' || || || || |
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+ | |- |
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+ | | '''q : nq''' || || || || |
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+ | |- |
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+ | | '''p : ƥ''' || || || || |
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+ | |- |
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+ | | '''t : ƭ''' || || || || |
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| '''c : ƈ''' || oxiic || jujube || oxiiƈ || bone |
| '''c : ƈ''' || oxiic || jujube || oxiiƈ || bone |
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+ | |- |
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+ | | '''b : ɓ''' || || || || |
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+ | |- |
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+ | | '''d : ɗ''' || || || || |
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+ | |- |
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+ | | '''j : ʄ''' || || || || |
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+ | |- |
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+ | | '''ƥ : ɓ''' || || || || |
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+ | |- |
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+ | | '''ƭ : ɗ''' || || || || |
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+ | |- |
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+ | | '''ƈ : ʄ''' || || || || |
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+ | |- |
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+ | | '''t : c''' || || || || |
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+ | |- |
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+ | | '''c : k''' || || || || |
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+ | |- |
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+ | | '''k : q''' || || || || |
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+ | |- |
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+ | | '''d : j''' || || || || |
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+ | |- |
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+ | | '''j : g''' || || || || |
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+ | |- |
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+ | | '''nd : nj''' || || || || |
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+ | |- |
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+ | | '''nj : ng''' || || || || |
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+ | |- |
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+ | | '''ng : nq''' || || || || |
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+ | |- |
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+ | | '''ɗ : ʄ''' || || || || |
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+ | |- |
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+ | | '''ƭ : ƈ''' || || || || |
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==Consonants== |
==Consonants== |
Revision as of 14:31, 28 April 2013
The list below shows some minimal or near minimal pairs.
Minimal Pairs
Consonant and vowel minimal pairs are given here to justify contrasts that one might find worthy of scrutiny.
Contrast | Item 1 | Gloss | Item 2 | Gloss |
---|---|---|---|---|
i : ii | liƥ | fish | liiƥ | to measure |
e : ee | ref | to be | reef | to follow |
o : oo | dor | to fold | door | to start |
u : uu | xuf | to startle | xuuf | to cut short |
a : aa | kaf | joke | kaaf | millet plants |
i : e | wil | hair | wel | to be sharp |
ii : ee | xiiñ | to squint | xeeñ | heart, lung |
e : a | sex | to carve off | sax | insult |
ee : aa | meeɓ | to pick up | maaɓ | to lie on |
a : o | sax | insult | sox | to hull millet by pounding |
aa : oo | aqaal | boat sp. | aqool | standing dead tree trunk |
o : u | sox | to dehusk millet | sux | to plug a hole |
oo : uu | ɓooɓ | family name | ɓuuɓ | to be cold |
Contrast | Item 1 | Gloss | Item 2 | Gloss |
---|---|---|---|---|
p : b | ||||
t : d | ||||
c : j | ||||
k : g | ||||
b : mb | ||||
d : nd | ||||
j : nj | ||||
g : ng | ||||
q : nq | ||||
p : ƥ | ||||
t : ƭ | ||||
c : ƈ | oxiic | jujube | oxiiƈ | bone |
b : ɓ | ||||
d : ɗ | ||||
j : ʄ | ||||
ƥ : ɓ | ||||
ƭ : ɗ | ||||
ƈ : ʄ | ||||
t : c | ||||
c : k | ||||
k : q | ||||
d : j | ||||
j : g | ||||
nd : nj | ||||
nj : ng | ||||
ng : nq | ||||
ɗ : ʄ | ||||
ƭ : ƈ |
Consonants
word | gloss | |
---|---|---|
tadik | - | three |
ndiit | - | bird |
word | gloss | |
---|---|---|
ngol | - | finger |
onqool | - | moon |
word | gloss | |
---|---|---|
ƥaak | - | baobab tree |
ɓaak | - | baobab fruit |
word | gloss | |
---|---|---|
jimb | - | to transplant |
cimb | - | seedlings |
akim | - | song |
word | gloss | |
---|---|---|
oqol | - | field |
okol | - | glue (Fr.) |
word | gloss | |
---|---|---|
mbind | - | house (sg) |
pind | - | house (pl) |
word | gloss | |
---|---|---|
suk | - | boat |
sug | - | pound millet |
word | gloss | |
---|---|---|
fiɗel | - | fire (sg) |
piɗel | - | fire (pl) |
word | gloss | |
---|---|---|
gin | - | egg |
giñ | - | (be) full |
word | gloss | |
---|---|---|
ateƥ | - | rain |
ateɓ | - | small |
word | gloss | |
---|---|---|
ɗat | - | pick fruit |
aƭat | - | road |
word | gloss | |
---|---|---|
tok | - | on, on top of |
ɓok | - | (be) pigeon-toed |
Vowels
word | gloss | |
---|---|---|
daɓ | - | belly button |
deɓ | - | rain |
word | gloss | |
---|---|---|
faɗ | - | to slap |
fiɓ | - | to sift |
word | gloss | |
---|---|---|
naf | - | to hit |
nof | - | ear |
word | gloss | |
---|---|---|
sak | - | to hold something |
suk | - | boat |
word | gloss | |
---|---|---|
gen | - | to live |
gin | - | egg |
gon | - | name |
gum | - | to have a mouth full of water |
word | gloss | |
---|---|---|
liƥ | - | fish |
luƥ | - | a borrowing |
word | gloss | |
---|---|---|
log | - | to have a mouth full of food |
lug | - | abscess |
word | gloss | |
---|---|---|
xas | - | to scold |
xaas | - | to fart |
word | gloss | |
---|---|---|
ten | - | he/she/it |
teen | - | breast |
word | gloss | |
---|---|---|
gin | - | egg |
giiñ | - | to swear an oath |
word | gloss | |
---|---|---|
liƥ | - | fish |
liiɓ | - | to measure |
word | gloss | |
---|---|---|
χooχ | - | to cultivate |
χoχ | - | head |
word | gloss | |
---|---|---|
luƥ | - | a borrowing |
aluuƥ | - | a flute |
word | gloss | |
---|---|---|
poj | - | tomb |
paj | - | sarong |