Difference between revisions of "Inflectional Verbal Morphology"
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==Interlinear Glosses== |
==Interlinear Glosses== |
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| − | To make an interlinear gloss, the code below |
+ | To make an interlinear gloss, the code below is a start. |
| − | {| class="wikitable" cellpadding=" |
+ | {| class="wikitable" cellpadding="1" |
| − | | align="left" | Unparsed |
+ | | align="left" | Unparsed content Unparsed content Unparsed content Unparsed content Unparsed content |
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| − | {| cellpadding=" |
+ | {| cellpadding="1" |
| − | | align="left" | |
+ | | align="left" | Morph 1 || align="left" | Morph 2 || align="left" | Morph 3 || align="left" | Morph 4 || align="left" | Morph 5 |
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| − | | align="left" | Gloss 1 || align="left" | Gloss 2 || align="left" | Gloss 3 || align="left" | Gloss 4 || align="left" | Gloss 5 |
+ | | align="left" | Gloss 1 || align="left" | Gloss 2 || align="left" | Gloss 3 || align="left" | Gloss 4 || align="left" | Gloss 5 |
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| + | | align="left" | Free translation Free translation Free translation Free translation Free translation |
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| + | |- |
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| + | |} |
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| + | |||
| + | An example of usage: |
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| + | |||
| + | {| class="wikitable" cellpadding="1" |
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| + | | align="left" | mexe waʄna foofi'. |
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| + | |- |
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| + | {| cellpadding="1" |
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| + | | align="left" | me- || align="left" | xe || align="left" | waʄ || align="left" | -na || align="left" | foofi' |
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| + | |- |
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| + | | align="left" | 1SG || align="left" | CONT || align="left" | boil || align="left" | CAUS || align="left" | water |
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| + | |} |
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| + | |- |
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| + | | align="left" | I am boiling water. (045) |
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| + | |- |
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Revision as of 13:50, 19 October 2012
Verb Paradigms
| Gloss | Sereer | Gloss | Sereer |
|---|---|---|---|
| I cook | jawaam | we cook | injawa |
| you cook | jawaa | you (pl) cook | nunjawa |
| s/he cooks | ajawa | they cook | anjawa |
Template for the table:
| Gloss | Sereer | Gloss | Sereer |
|---|---|---|---|
| I ... | -aam | we ... | i[mut]- -a |
| you ... | -aa | you (pl) ... | nu[mut]- -a |
| s/he ... | -a | they ... | a[mut]- -a |
To highlight individual cells in a paradigm, mimic the code here. For instance, let's say we want to highlight the fact that plural verb stems undergo consonant mutation, and we like blue. We paste the code style="background: blue; color: white" | (note the stem at the end) into the beginning of the cell:
| Gloss | Sereer | Gloss | Sereer |
|---|---|---|---|
| I ... | -aam | we ... | i[mut]- -a |
| you ... | -aa | you (pl) ... | nu[mut]- -a |
| s/he ... | -a | they ... | a[mut]- -a |
Interlinear Glosses
To make an interlinear gloss, the code below is a start.
| Unparsed content Unparsed content Unparsed content Unparsed content Unparsed content |
| Morph 1 | Morph 2 | Morph 3 | Morph 4 | Morph 5 |
| Gloss 1 | Gloss 2 | Gloss 3 | Gloss 4 | Gloss 5 |
Free translation Free translation Free translation Free translation Free translation
An example of usage:
| mexe waʄna foofi'. |
| me- | xe | waʄ | -na | foofi' |
| 1SG | CONT | boil | CAUS | water |
I am boiling water. (045)
Stem-initial consonant mutation
See also Nominal morphology for the similar phenomenon in nouns.
Verb stems undergo a stem-initial consonant mutation as a form of inflection for plural subject. Only initial consonants that can mutate actually do mutate; some never appear to mutate (e.g. /j/, /m/, /n/). Verbs intended as plurals that do not show a distinct plural allomorph are often disambiguated from singular forms with the addition of a suffix (or clitic?) -jo.
The mutation follows one of two "tracks", depending on whether or not the stem-initial consonant is an implosive. Note that these mutations are simplified relative to the nominal stem-initial consonat mutations.
The non-implosive "track":
- (sg) continuants --> (pl) prenasalized stop, e.g. weʄ --> mbeʄ 'to swim' (022)
- (sg) voiceless oral stop, non-implosive --> (pl) prenasalized stop (not well-attested, few verbs with initial voiceless stops)
- (sg) voiced oral stop, non-implosive --> (pl) prenasalized stop, disooχ --> ndisooχ 'to sneeze' (029)
The implosive "track":
- (sg) voiced implosive stop --> (pl) voiceless implosive stop, e.g. ɗok --> ƭok 'to grind' (047)
