Difference between revisions of "Derivational Verbal Morphology"

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'''Takes verb, makes verb:'''
  
'''Takes verb, makes verb:'''
 
* -ir, a reciprocal suffix
  
* -ir, a reciprocal suffix
−
* -in, a causative suffix (e.g. gɛf "to break, explode (intr.)" --> gɛfin "break it"). Allomorphs -an or -n occur when co-occurring with person marking, and sometimes when another suffix precedes (e.g. χum 'to tie', χum-ir 'to tie RECP', χum-r-'''an''' 'to tie to each other' (061)
 +
* -in, a causative suffix (e.g. gɛf "to break, explode (intr.)" --> gɛfin "break it"). Allomorphs -an or -n occur when co-occurring with person marking, and sometimes when another suffix precedes (e.g. xum 'to tie', xum-ir 'to tie RECP', xum-r-'''an''' 'to tie to each other' (061)
  +
* -it, a reversive suffix
  +
* -an, an applicative
  +
* -it, an instrumental applicative
 
* -ooχ, which seems to be stativizing or anti-causative. Its derived forms are somewhat less semantically consistent than the others.
  
* -ooχ, which seems to be stativizing or anti-causative. Its derived forms are somewhat less semantically consistent than the others.
  +
* -ik, which seems to indicate directed motion in doing a verb X ("to go do X")
⚫
* -lɔɔχ/-nɔɔχ, a suffix of possibly causative meaning that has mutiple allomorphs
  
  +
* -and(a), of unclear meaning
  ⚫
* -loox/-noox, a suffix of possibly causative meaning that has mutiple allomorphs (or is actually more than one suffix)
  +
* -noor, of unclear meaning and possibly more than one suffix
   
 
'''Takes verb, makes adjective:'''
  
'''Takes verb, makes adjective:'''
−
* -u / -o, a suffix that takes a stative verb and turns it into an adjective (e.g. saɗik "to be strong, tough" -> saɗku "strong, tough"; maj "to be many" -> maju "many")
 +
* -u , a suffix that takes a verb and turns it into an adjective (e.g. saɗik "to be strong, tough" -> saɗku "strong, tough"; may "to be many" -> mayu "many")
  +
* -na, seemingly equivalent with -u but agreeing with presence of an "article" on a noun
   
 
'''Takes verb, makes noun:'''
  
'''Takes verb, makes noun:'''
 
* -ir, a suffix that makes instrument-type nouns from verb stems (e.g. βɛʄ "to swim" --> bɛʄir "thing used to swim")
  
* -ir, a suffix that makes instrument-type nouns from verb stems (e.g. βɛʄ "to swim" --> bɛʄir "thing used to swim")
  +
* RED-, prefixing partial reduplication: makes a noun from a verb "X" meaning "one who (habitually) X"
   
 
== Verb pairs demonstrating V to V derivation ==
  
== Verb pairs demonstrating V to V derivation ==
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|-
  
|-
 
| -ik || weg || to close || wegik || to go close|| MF_091 ||
 
| -ik || weg || to close || wegik || to go close|| MF_091 ||
  +
|-
  +
| -it || uup || to bury || uupit || to dig up (un-bury) || JM_092 ||
  +
|-
  +
| -it || liw || to tangle (trans) || liwit || to untangle (trans) || MF_047 ||
  +
|-
  +
| -it || waq || to dig || waqit || to dig with || JM_092 ||
 
|-
  
|-
 
|}
  
|}

Revision as of 11:02, 24 October 2012

Sereer seems to have at least some verbal derivational morphology. So far, we've seen:

Takes verb, makes verb:

  • -ir, a reciprocal suffix
  • -in, a causative suffix (e.g. gɛf "to break, explode (intr.)" --> gɛfin "break it"). Allomorphs -an or -n occur when co-occurring with person marking, and sometimes when another suffix precedes (e.g. xum 'to tie', xum-ir 'to tie RECP', xum-r-an 'to tie to each other' (061)
  • -it, a reversive suffix
  • -an, an applicative
  • -it, an instrumental applicative
  • -ooχ, which seems to be stativizing or anti-causative. Its derived forms are somewhat less semantically consistent than the others.
  • -ik, which seems to indicate directed motion in doing a verb X ("to go do X")
  • -and(a), of unclear meaning
  • -loox/-noox, a suffix of possibly causative meaning that has mutiple allomorphs (or is actually more than one suffix)
  • -noor, of unclear meaning and possibly more than one suffix

Takes verb, makes adjective:

  • -u , a suffix that takes a verb and turns it into an adjective (e.g. saɗik "to be strong, tough" -> saɗku "strong, tough"; may "to be many" -> mayu "many")
  • -na, seemingly equivalent with -u but agreeing with presence of an "article" on a noun

Takes verb, makes noun:

  • -ir, a suffix that makes instrument-type nouns from verb stems (e.g. βɛʄ "to swim" --> bɛʄir "thing used to swim")
  • RED-, prefixing partial reduplication: makes a noun from a verb "X" meaning "one who (habitually) X"

Verb pairs demonstrating V to V derivation

Suffix involved Unsuffixed Gloss Suffixed Gloss Session notes
-oox jik to buy jikoox to sell JM_046
-loox ɗeet to see ɗeetloox to notice JM_048
-oox doxoñ to spit doxoñoox to spit repeatedly JM_048
-oox teer to land a boat, arrive teerooχ to await a guest JM_048
-ir xas to scold, berate xasir to argue MF_029
-in waʄ to boil (intr.) waʄin to boil (trans.) MF_045
-in mud to sink mudin to make sink, to throw/put into water MF_047
-oox mud to sink mudoox to swim down on purpose MF_047 translation imprecise, seeking clarification
-oox xooʄ to dip, dunk xooʄoox to dip, dunk into MF_047 translation imprecise; seeking clarification
-oox saang to roll (trans.) saangoox to roll (intr.) ED-058
-ir maaf to fell, knock down maafir to wrestle NB-057
-noor weg to close wegnoor to make s.o. close s.t. MF_091 may be analyzable as weg-in-(C)oor
-ik weg to close wegik to go close MF_091
-it uup to bury uupit to dig up (un-bury) JM_092
-it liw to tangle (trans) liwit to untangle (trans) MF_047
-it waq to dig waqit to dig with JM_092
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