Difference between revisions of "Inflectional Verbal Morphology"
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==Present Tense== |
==Present Tense== |
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| + | ==Stem-initial consonant mutation== |
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| + | See also [[Nominal Morphology#Stem-initial segment mutation|Nominal morphology]] for the similar phenomenon in nouns. |
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| + | Verb stems undergo a stem-initial consonant mutation as a form of inflection for plural subject. '''Only''' initial consonants that can mutate actually do mutate; some never appear to mutate (e.g. /j/, /m/, /n/). Verbs intended as plurals that do not show a distinct plural allomorph are often disambiguated from singular forms with the addition of a suffix (or clitic?) -jo. |
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| + | The mutation follows one of two "tracks", depending on whether or not the stem-initial consonant is an implosive. Note that these mutations are simplified relative to the nominal stem-initial consonat mutations. |
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| + | The non-implosive "track": |
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| + | * (sg) continuants --> (pl) prenasalized stop, e.g. '''w'''eʄ --> '''mb'''eʄ 'to swim' (022) |
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| + | * (sg) voiceless oral stop, non-implosive --> (pl) prenasalized stop (not well-attested, few verbs with initial voiceless stops) |
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| + | * (sg) voiced oral stop, non-implosive --> (pl) prenasalized stop, '''d'''isooχ --> '''nd'''isooχ 'to sneeze' (029) |
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| + | The implosive "track": |
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| + | * (sg) voiced implosive stop --> (pl) voiceless implosive stop, e.g. '''ɗ'''ok --> '''ƭ'''ok 'to grind' (047) |
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Revision as of 20:10, 13 December 2012
Present Tense
Sample present-tense verbal paradigm:
| Gloss | Sereer | Gloss | Sereer |
|---|---|---|---|
| I ... | -aam | we ... | i-[mut]-a |
| you ... | -aa | you (pl) ... | nu-[mut]-a |
| s/he ... | -a | they ... | a-[mut]-a |
Stem-initial consonant mutation
See also Nominal morphology for the similar phenomenon in nouns.
Verb stems undergo a stem-initial consonant mutation as a form of inflection for plural subject. Only initial consonants that can mutate actually do mutate; some never appear to mutate (e.g. /j/, /m/, /n/). Verbs intended as plurals that do not show a distinct plural allomorph are often disambiguated from singular forms with the addition of a suffix (or clitic?) -jo.
The mutation follows one of two "tracks", depending on whether or not the stem-initial consonant is an implosive. Note that these mutations are simplified relative to the nominal stem-initial consonat mutations.
The non-implosive "track":
- (sg) continuants --> (pl) prenasalized stop, e.g. weʄ --> mbeʄ 'to swim' (022)
- (sg) voiceless oral stop, non-implosive --> (pl) prenasalized stop (not well-attested, few verbs with initial voiceless stops)
- (sg) voiced oral stop, non-implosive --> (pl) prenasalized stop, disooχ --> ndisooχ 'to sneeze' (029)
The implosive "track":
- (sg) voiced implosive stop --> (pl) voiceless implosive stop, e.g. ɗok --> ƭok 'to grind' (047)
