Inflectional Verbal Morphology

Verb Paradigms

Present: jaw (to cook)

Gloss	Sereer	Gloss	Sereer
I cook	jawaam	we cook	injawa
you cook	jawaa	you (pl) cook	nunjawa
s/he cooks	ajawa	they cook	anjawa

Template for the table:

Present:

Gloss	Sereer	Gloss	Sereer
I ...	-aam	we ...	i[mut]- -a
you ...	-aa	you (pl) ...	nu[mut]- -a
s/he ...	-a	they ...	a[mut]- -a

To highlight individual cells in a paradigm, mimic the code here. For instance, let's say we want to highlight the fact that plural verb stems undergo consonant mutation, and we like blue. We paste the code style="background: blue; color: white" | (note the stem at the end) into the beginning of the cell:

Present:

Gloss	Sereer	Gloss	Sereer
I ...	-aam	we ...	i[mut]- -a
you ...	-aa	you (pl) ...	nu[mut]- -a
s/he ...	-a	they ...	a[mut]- -a

Interlinear Glosses

To make an interlinear gloss, the code below will work once developed a bit more.

Unparsed phrase Unparsed phrase Unparsed phrase Unparsed phrase Unparsed phrase Unparsed phrase Unparsed phrase Unparsed phrase Unparsed phrase Unparsed phrase

Morpheme 1	Morpheme 2	Morpheme 3	Morpheme 4	Morpheme 5	Morpheme 6
Gloss 1	Gloss 2	Gloss 3	Gloss 4	Gloss 5	Gloss 6

Stem-initial consonant mutation

See also Nominal morphology for the similar phenomenon in nouns.

Verb stems undergo a stem-initial consonant mutation as a form of inflection for plural subject. Only initial consonants that can mutate actually do mutate; some never appear to mutate (e.g. /j/, /m/, /n/). Verbs intended as plurals that do not show a distinct plural allomorph are often disambiguated from singular forms with the addition of a suffix (or clitic?) -jo.

The mutation follows one of two "tracks", depending on whether or not the stem-initial consonant is an implosive. Note that these mutations are simplified relative to the nominal stem-initial consonat mutations.

The non-implosive "track":

• (sg) continuants --> (pl) prenasalized stop, e.g. weʄ --> mbeʄ 'to swim' (022)
• (sg) voiceless oral stop, non-implosive --> (pl) prenasalized stop (not well-attested, few verbs with initial voiceless stops)
• (sg) voiced oral stop, non-implosive --> (pl) prenasalized stop, disooχ --> ndisooχ 'to sneeze' (029)

The implosive "track":

• (sg) voiced implosive stop --> (pl) voiceless implosive stop, e.g. ɗok --> ƭok 'to grind' (047)