Difference between revisions of "Minimal Pair List"

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Line 43: Line 43:
 
! word || || gloss
  
! word || || gloss
 
|-
  
|-
−
| ˈtadikʰ || - || three
 +
| tadik || - || three
 
|-
  
|-
−
| ⁿdiitˈ || - || bird
 +
| ndiit || - || bird
 
|}
  
|}
   
Line 51: Line 51:
 
! word || || gloss
  
! word || || gloss
 
|-
  
|-
−
| ŋɡol || - || finger
 +
| ngol || - || finger
 
|-
  
|-
−
| oŋɡool || - || moon
 +
| onqool || - || moon
 
|}
  
|}
   
Line 59: Line 59:
 
! word || || gloss
  
! word || || gloss
 
|-
  
|-
−
| famb || - || drum
 +
| ƥaak || - || baobab tree
 
|-
  
|-
−
| faaɓ || - || frog
 +
| ɓaak || - || baobab fruit
 
|}
  
|}
   
Line 67: Line 67:
 
! word || || gloss
  
! word || || gloss
 
|-
  
|-
−
| fidɛl || - || fire
 +
| jimb || - || to transplant
 
|-
  
|-
−
| ˈʔambɛ:l || - || lake
 +
| cimb || - || seedlings
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| ƥa̰:k || - || baobab tree
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
| ɓa:k || - || baobab fruit
 +
| akim || - || song
 
|}
  
|}
   
Line 83: Line 77:
 
! word || || gloss
  
! word || || gloss
 
|-
  
|-
−
| oˈɟɛm || - || salt
 +
| oqol || - || field
 
|-
  
|-
−
| ˈɟimb || - || transplant
 +
| okol || - || glue (Fr.)
 
|}
  
|}
   
Line 91: Line 85:
 
! word || || gloss
  
! word || || gloss
 
|-
  
|-
−
| ˈɟimb || - || transplant
 +
| mbind || - || house (sg)
 
|-
  
|-
−
| ˈcimb || - || seedling
 +
| pind || - || house (pl)
−
|-
  
−
| aˈkim || - || song
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| oˈqol || - || field
  
−
|-
  
−
| oˈkol || - || glue (Fr.)
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| aˈnaaq || - || branch
  
−
|-
  
−
| aˈnaaχaha|| - || senile, negligent
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| mbɪnd || - || house (sg)
  
−
|-
  
−
| pɪnd || - || house (pl)
  
 
|}
  
|}
   
Line 128: Line 96:
 
|-
  
|-
 
| sug || - || pound millet
  
| sug || - || pound millet
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| suk || - || boat
  
−
|-
  
−
| ɗuk || - || tackle
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| okor || - || man
  
−
|-
  
−
| okol || - || glue (Fr.)
  
 
|}
  
|}
   
Line 152: Line 104:
 
|-
  
|-
 
| piɗel || - || fire (pl)
  
| piɗel || - || fire (pl)
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| ndaχar || - || tree
  
−
|-
  
−
| taχar || - || tree (pl)
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| mbaal || - || sheep (sg)
  
−
|-
  
−
| paal || - || sheep (pl)
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| mbof || - || tied bundle (pl)
  
−
|-
  
−
| pof || - || tied bundle (pl)
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| ndeen || - || stove (sg)
  
−
|-
  
−
| teen || - || stove (pl)
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| ndiig || - || rainy season (sg)
  
−
|-
  
−
| tiig || - || rainy season (pl)
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| nɟɔŋg || - || bed (sg)
  
−
|-
  
−
| cɔŋg || - || bed (pl)
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| nduus || - || knife (sg)
  
−
|-
  
−
| ruus || - || knife (pl)
  
 
|}
  
|}
   
Line 215: Line 111:
 
| gin || - || egg
  
| gin || - || egg
 
|-
  
|-
−
| giɲ || - || (be) full
 +
| giñ || - || (be) full
 
|}
  
|}
   
Line 221: Line 117:
 
! word || || gloss
  
! word || || gloss
 
|-
  
|-
−
| lug || - || gangrene (?)
 +
| ateƥ || - || rain
 
|-
  
|-
−
| luɗ || - || borrow
 +
| ateɓ || - || small
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| atɛƥ || - || rain
  
−
|-
  
−
| atɛɓ || - || small (class x)
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| atɛɓ || - || small (class x)
 
−
|-
  
−
| adɛɓ || - || small (class y)
 
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| χal || - || make a mistake, misspeak
  
−
|-
  
−
| kal || - || a mistake
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| (mɛhɛ) χɔ:χa || - || 'I'm cultivating'
  
−
|-
  
−
| (inwɛ) ɴɢɔ:χa || - || 'We're cultivating'
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| fa:ɲik || - || elephant (sg)
  
−
|-
  
−
| pa:ɲik || - || elephant (pl)
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| ʄu:d || - || thunder
  
−
|-
  
−
| ɗu:d || - || swallow
  
 
|}
  
|}
   
Line 279: Line 127:
 
| ɗat || - || pick fruit
  
| ɗat || - || pick fruit
 
|-
  
|-
−
| ƭat || - || (be) right
 +
| aƭat || - || road
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| ɗat || - || pick fruit
  
−
|-
  
−
| ɗap || - || wash laundry
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| dam || - || hold sth. for
  
−
|-
  
−
| daɓ || - || bellybutton
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| ɗaj || - || happiness
  
−
|-
  
−
| ɓaj || - || blow
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
  
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| gar || - || come
  
−
|-
  
−
| gaʔ || - || see
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
 
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| naf || - || hit
  
−
|-
  
−
| nag || - || pick up
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
 
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| rɛf || - || be
  
−
|-
  
−
| gɛf || - || crack, break
  
 
|}
  
|}
   
Line 337: Line 137:
 
| ɓok || - || (be) pigeon-toed
  
| ɓok || - || (be) pigeon-toed
 
|}
  
|}
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
 
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| aʄɛwa || - || He gets water from a well
  
−
|-
  
−
| aƈɛwa || - || They get water from a well
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
 
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| afo:la || - || He jumps
  
−
|-
  
−
| ambo:la || - || They jump
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
 
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| abuga || - || He loves
  
−
|-
  
−
| ambuga || - || They love
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
 
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| awa:ɗa || - || He looks for
  
−
|-
  
−
| amba:ɗa || - || They look for
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
 
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| ɟik || - || buy
  
−
|-
  
−
| ɗik || - || two
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
 
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| aɟika || - || He buys
  
−
|-
  
−
| aɲɟika || - || They buy
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
 
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| ɓood || - || to crawl
  
−
|-
  
−
| ƥood || - || snake (lit. 'crawler')
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
 
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| qɔχ || - || bulls
  
−
|-
  
−
|ɴɢɔχ || - || a bull
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
 
−
! word || || gloss
  
−
|-
  
−
| laac || - || to ask for
  
−
|-
  
−
|laƈ || - || a limp
  
−
|-
  
−
| laʄ || - || to limp
  
−
|}
  
−  
   
 
==Vowels==
  
==Vowels==

Revision as of 14:12, 28 April 2013

The list below shows some minimal or near minimal pairs.

Minimal Pairs

Consonant and vowel minimal pairs are given here to justify contrasts that one might find worthy of scrutiny.

Contrast Item 1 Gloss Item 2 Gloss
i : ii liƥ fish liiƥ to measure
e : ee ref to be reef to follow
o : oo dor to fold door to start
u : uu xuf to startle xuuf to cut short
a : aa kaf joke kaaf millet plants
i : e wil hair wel to be sharp
ii : ee xiiñ to squint xeeñ heart, lung
e : a sex to carve off sax insult
ee : aa
a : o
aa : oo aqaal boat sp. aqool standing dead tree trunk
o : u sox to dehusk millet sux to plug a hole
oo : uu
c : ƈ oxiic jujube oxiiƈ bone


Consonants

word gloss
tadik - three
ndiit - bird
word gloss
ngol - finger
onqool - moon
word gloss
ƥaak - baobab tree
ɓaak - baobab fruit
word gloss
jimb - to transplant
cimb - seedlings
akim - song
word gloss
oqol - field
okol - glue (Fr.)
word gloss
mbind - house (sg)
pind - house (pl)
word gloss
suk - boat
sug - pound millet
word gloss
fiɗel - fire (sg)
piɗel - fire (pl)
word gloss
gin - egg
giñ - (be) full
word gloss
ateƥ - rain
ateɓ - small
word gloss
ɗat - pick fruit
aƭat - road
word gloss
tok - on, on top of
ɓok - (be) pigeon-toed

Vowels

word gloss
daɓ - belly button
deɓ - rain
word gloss
faɗ - to slap
fiɓ - to sift
word gloss
naf - to hit
nof - ear
word gloss
sak - to hold something
suk - boat
word gloss
gen - to live
gin - egg
gon - name
gum - to have a mouth full of water
word gloss
liƥ - fish
luƥ - a borrowing
word gloss
log - to have a mouth full of food
lug - abscess
word gloss
xas - to scold
xaas - to fart
word gloss
ten - he/she/it
teen - breast
word gloss
gin - egg
giiñ - to swear an oath
word gloss
liƥ - fish
liiɓ - to measure
word gloss
χooχ - to cultivate
χoχ - head
word gloss
luƥ - a borrowing
aluuƥ - a flute
word gloss
poj - tomb
paj - sarong
Retrieved from "http://linguistics.berkeley.edu/sereer/guestwiki/index.php?title=Minimal_Pair_List&oldid=5148"