Serer lexicon

Nouns

Gloss	Singular	Plural	Sem. Dom.	Alt. Trans.	Session	Singular Tokens	Plural Tokens	notes
dog	ʔoɓˈoχ	ɦaʔˈɓoχ			OAD_001	Dog_02.wav, Dogs_01.wav	Dog_03.wav, Dogs_03.wav
cat	mu:s	mu:s(k'ɛ)			OAD_001	Cat_01.wav, Cats_01.wav	Cat_02.wav, Cats_03.wav
bird	ⁿdi:t̚	ti:t'		ndiiƭ	OAD_001	Bird_03.wav, Birds_02.wav	Bird_04.wav, Birds_03.wav
pig	ru:l	ʔaˈtu:l			OAD_001	Pig_02.wav, Pigs_01.wav	Pig_03.wav, Media:Pigs_02.wav
insect	ˈjɛ:jɛt	ˈjɛ:jɛt			OAD_001	Media:Insect_01.wav	Media:Insect_02.wav
spider	ˈapɔˈhɔlæʧ	ˈapɔˈhɔlaʧ		aˈpɔhɔˈlaʧ	OAD_001	Media:Spider_03.wav	Media:Spider_04.wav
ant	ɲɪ:ɲaχ	ɲɪ:ɲaχ		ɲiinaχ	OAD_001	Ant_03.wav	Ant_04.wav
butterfly	oˈfɪd	ˈχapid		oˈfɪɗ	OAD_001	Butterfly_01.wav	Butterfly_02.wav
fruit	oˈɓi:	χaˈɓi:			OAD_001	Media:fruit_sg1.wav, Media:fruit_sg2.wav, Media:fruit_sg3.wav	Media:fruit_pl1.wav, Media:fruit_pl2.wav, Media:fruit_pl3.wav
person	ʔɔˈkiːn	βiːn, ɥiːn			MF_002	Person_03.wav	People_01.wav, People_05.wav
man	ɔˈkʷɔːɾ, ɔˈkʷɔːr	goːɾ			MF_002, ED_033	Man_01.wav	Men_02.wav
fire	'fiɗel	'piɗel			JM_004
tree	'ndaχar	'taχar			JM_004
town, village	'saatɛ	'saatɛ kɛ, 'ʧaatɛ kɛ			JM_004, VW_038			ɪ~ɛ
city	'saatɛ fa'maak	'saatɛ maak kɛ			JM_004, VW_038
light	lɛ:r				JM_004
fence	a'ƭiŋg	a'ƭiŋg			JM_004	Media:040fence_01.wav		presence/voicing of final stop? aʔˈɗig - VW 040
name	gon	a'kon			JM_004, VW_038			ʊ~o
sap	go:n				JM_004, VW_038
drum	famb	a'pamb			JM_004, VW_038			a~ʌ
song	a'kim	a'kim			JM_004, VW_038
salt	o'ɟɛm	ha'cɛm			JM_004, VW_038
rumor	ˈonan	ˈxanan			JH_005			lit. 'instance of hearing'
dance	ˈoᵐbɛtʃ	ˈhaƥɛtʃ			JH_005			is this really implosive? We should check -JM
gift	tʃʰɪtʰ	tʃʰɪtʰ			JH_005
fish	lɪƥ	ˈlɪƥkɛ			JH_005			No regular plural
scale	aˈʋas	haˈbas			JH_005
tail	las, ʔaˈlas	ˈχalas			JH_005, MF_013
fin, spine	aˈƈor				JH_005, MF_022			Did not elicit plural
boat	sukʰ				JH_005			Did not elicit plural
feather, wing	aˈnaf	aˈnaf			JH_005, MF_013, JM_014
year	oˈhi:d	χaˈqi:d			VW_006
husband	oˈkor	gor			VW_006, ?
baobab tree	ƥa̰:k	ƥa̰:k			JH_012, MF_045	Media:045-baobab_01.wav
baobab fruit	ɓaak	ʔaˈƥaak			JH_012, MF_045	Media:045-baobab_fruit_02.wav	Media:045-baobab_fruits_02.wav
shell, rind	ˈɔχɔƥ	ˈhaqoƥ			JH_012, KC_007	shell_rind_01, shell_rind_02		Also (tree) bark
forest	aˈqoƥ				JH_012			No plural elicited; see also TextGrid 013
branch	aˈnaaq				JH_012, VW_038	Media:038branch_01.wav		No plural elicited
root	aˈƥaƈ	aˈƥaƈ			JH_012, MF_045	Media:045-root_03.wav
yam	haƥ	haˈqaƥ			JH_012, MF_045	Media:045-yam_01.wav	Media:045-yams_01.wav
moss	ˈna:ʋos				JH_012			No plural
wind	aˈƥaɪ				ED_017
milk	ˈʔɔsis	ˈχasis			MF_013	Media:013_milk_01.wav	Media:013_milks_03.wav
tear	ʔoˈɡoːniːtʰ	ˈhakoːniːtʰ			MF_013	Media:013_tear_03.wav	Media:013_tears_02.wav	as in crying
phlegm, mucus	ˈχaːqɔχ				MF_013	Media:013_phlegm_02.wav
urine	ˈʔasaiːd̥ʰ				MF_013	Media:013_urine_01.wav		derived from "urinate", did not elicit PL
feces	ɗuŋk				MF_013	Media:013_feces_01.wav		did not check for plural
feces (pol.)	ˈɲaʄlɔχ				MF_013	Media:013_feces_polite_03.wav		may be more than one word
manure (1)	ˈnɛːfaɾɛʔ				MF_013	Media:013_manure_02.wav
manure (2)	ʔaˈtɔs			a'tos	MF_013	Media:013_manure_2_02.wav		may be derived from some verb [tʌs]
mouse	ƈɔːχ	ƈɔːχ (maju)			MF_013	Media:013-mouse_02.wav		initial C contrast with "perceive from far off"
meat	ˈndawaɭ	ˈtawaɭ			MF_013	Media:013_meat_02.wav	Media:013_meats_01.wav
fat (as on meat)	ɡɾɛːs, ɡɹɛːs				MF_013	Media:013_fat_01.wav	Media:013_fat_02.wav	Fr. "graisse"
horn	ʔoˈʤæn	ˈχaʧæn			MF_013	Media:013_horn_02.wav	Media:013_horns_01.wav	Also word for side handles on a pot.
hoof	ʔoˈfɔχɔs	ˈχapɔχɔs			MF_013	Media:013_hoof_01.wav	Media:013_hooves_01.wav
wing	ʔaˈkant	ʔaˈkant			MF_013, ED_033	Media:013_wing_01.wav		see "shoulder"
bracelet	nˈɟara				VW_011
woman	ɔˈtɛw	rɛw			KC_003	woman_01
water	ˈfɔ:fiʔ				KC_003	water_01		also the fluid in a blister
river	ˈoma:g	ˈχama:g			KC_003	river_01	rivers_01
ocean	oˈmaag-oˌmaak				KC_003, VW_038	ocean_01
lake	ˈʔambɛ:l				KC_003	lake_01
cream, oil	ˈʔɔnɛw				KC_003	oil_cream_01
dirt, sand, land	laŋg	laŋke			KC_003, KC_041	DirtSandLand_01	DirtsSandsLands_01
mud	ˈlo:fin			ˈlofin	KC_003	mud_01
clay	ɗʊk'			ɗok	KC_003	clay_01
domesticated animals		mũːˈmin			KN_015			"general" term for livestock/domesticated animals of any type; singular not elicited.
pets		ˈcɛgɛl			KN_015			"personal" term for livestock/domesticated animals; singular not elicited.
lion	ˈɲɟogoj	ˈcogoj			KN_015			masc. and fem. forms formed with words for "man" and "woman"
sheep	mbaːl	paːl			KN_015			irregular masc. form; fem. formed with word for "woman"; homophonous with 'fishing net'
ram	suk mbaːl	suk' paːl			KN_015
ewe	ˈmbaːlndɛw				KN_015
fishing net	mbaːl	paːl			KN_015			homophonous with word for 'sheep'
vomit	ˈʔatɛkʰ				MF_022	Media:022-vomit_01.wav
blister	jaːf	ˈʔajaːf			MF_022	Media:022-blister_02.wav	Media:022-blisters_02.wav
thing used to swim	bɛˈʄir				MF_022	Media:022-thing_for_swimming_01.wav		see "to swim"; pl. not elicited
bruise, tender spot	ˈdiɾig̊ʰ	ˈʔatiɾig̊ʰ			MF_022	Media:022-bruise_02.wav	Media:022-bruises_01.wav
(big) swelling	ʔuːtʰ	ˈʔaʔuːtʰ			MF_022	Media:022-swelling_01.wav	Media:022-swellings_01.wav
wound	ɗʌj	ʔaʔɗ̥ʌj, ʔaƭʌj			MF_022	Media:022-wound_02.wav	Media:022-wounds_03.wav	E.g. knife wound. Stress varies between initial and final.
break, crack	ʔɔˈɡɛf	ʔaˈkɛf			MF_022	Media:022-crack_01.wav	Media:022-cracks_03.wav	as in a plate or a piece of wood
cough	ʔɔˈqɔtɔːχ				MF_022	Media:022-to_cough_a_cough_01.wav		same as the verb stem, pl. not elicited
snake	ˈfaŋgoːɫ	ˈpaŋgoːɫ			KN_020
rabbit	ndoːɭ	toːɭ			KN_020
worm	aˈloːtʰitʰ	aˈloːtʰitʰ			KN_020
bee	ˈŋguːran	ˈkuːran			KN_020, ED_033
duck	aˈkanaːɾaʔ				KN_020			no distinct plural form; from Fr. **canard**
elephant	ˈfaɲiːkʰ	ˈpaɲiːkʰ			KN_020
mosquito	ƥoːk	ƥoːk			KN_020
frog	faːɓ	ˈhapaːɓ			KN_020
sun	ɲɟɛc'				NB_009
moon/month	oɴɢɔɔl	xaqɔɔl			NB_009
day	ɲa:l				NB_009
week	ɲa:l/kɔm ndako:hi:du	ɲa:l/kɔm tako:hi:du			NB_009
rain	ˈatɛɓ̥				NB_009, KC_003
lightning (bolt)	ˈoxi:ɲ	xaki:ɲ			NB_009			singular refers to a single bolt of lightning, plural several
house	mbɪnd	pɪnd			NB_009
window	oˡfalantɛ:r	xaˡpalantɛ:r			NB_009			Fr. loan word, **fênetre**
door	ˡɔdɔn oma:x	ˡxaton oma:x			NB_009			lit. 'mouth of the yard'
room	andɔk	tɔk			NB_018
kitchen	ambaw	paw			NB_018
hair	ʋil	aˈʋil	pl. a'bil	ɥil	ED_010	hair_01
chest	ŋgaŋg				ED_010, ED_033
blood	fɔˈʔɔj				ED_010
spit	ˈdɔχɔ:ɲ				ED_010
belly	ɔˈfʊd				ED_010
side, rib(s)	ɔˈsa:χ				ED_010
belly button	daɓ	at'aɓ			ED_010
leg, foot	ɔˈɟaf	aˈc'af			ED_010
hip	aˈƥɛk	aˈƥɛk			ED_010
head	χoχ	aˈqoχ			VW_006, ED_017			q ~ k, o~ɔ - VW
nose	oˈɲis	ˈχaɲis			ED_017
beard	o'ratam	χatatam			JM_004
tongue, language	'ɗelem	a'ƭelem			JM_004
bone	ˈohi:ƈ	ˈaki:ƈ		(pl) ˈhaki:ƈ	JH_005
mouth, beak	ˈodon, oˈdon	ˈχatɵn, χaʔˈton		(sg) ˈodɵn	JH_005, MF_013, ED_017, VW_006
shoulder	aˈkaⁿd				JH_005			Did not elicit plural; may be same word as "wing"
hand, arm	oˈɓaɪ, oˈɓay	χaʔˈɓaɪ, χaʔˈɓay			ED_017, VW_006
elbow	ˈnonoŋɡ	χaˈnonoŋɡ			VW_006
eye	ˈakid, aˈkid	ˈakid, aˈkid			VW_006, ED_017
nose	oˈɲis	ˈχaɲis			VW_006
lip	nˈɟapʼko	ˈtʃapʼkoʔ			VW_006, ED_017
ear	nɔf	ˈnɔf, ˈnɔfkɛ, nɔf ˈmayu			VW_006, ED_017
eyelid, eyelash	ˈɲo:ror				VW_006, ED_017
eyebrow	oˈɗi:ɗi:k	haʔˈɗi:kɗi:k			VW_006, ED_017
forehead	aˈtaɡɪd	ˈakɔχ			VW_006
finger	ŋgol	ƙol		qol (NB)	JH_012, VW_038
finger, toe	ˈnɡol	ko̰l		qol (NB)	VW_006, ED_017, ED_033
butt	fuƭ	ˈapuƭ			JH_012			Also (tree) trunk
skin, hide	ɗo:l				JH_012			No plural
breast	ƭɛːn	ƭɛːn			MF_013	Media:013_breast_07.wav	Media:013_breast_08.wav
muscle	ˈɗɔːlɛʔ	ˈɗɔːlɛʔ			MF_013	Media:013_muscle_01.wav	Media:013_muscle_04.wav
biceps	ʔʌˈʄɔːχ	χaˈʔʄɔːχ			MF_013	Media:013_biceps_01.wav	Media:013_biceps_pl_01.wav
nail, claw	ˈmbambaɲ(c)	ˈpambaɲ			MF_013, ED_017	Media:013_nail_01.wav	Media:013_nails_03.wav	"nail" meaning fingernail/toenail
kneecap	ˈroʔoi	ˈhatoʔoi		o'roʔoj	VW_011
knee	ngubai				VW_011			no good recording
ankle	ngubaiˈɟara				VW_011			lit: "knee bracelet"
stomach, intestine	la:u				VW_011
throat(s)	aˈpɛ̰ɛ̰pʰ	---			VW_011
neck	oˈtʃokʰ	ˈχatʃok			VW_011
heart(s), lung(s)	χɛɛɲ	---			VW_011
heel	oˈfaaɗ	ˈχaƥaaɗ			ED_017
love	bugʰ				OAD_008	Media:Love_01.wav	Media:Love_02.wav	note the final stop in "urine"/"urinate" as well
happiness	ɗai				OAD_008	Media:Happiness_01.wav	Media:Happiness_03.wav
sadness	judnɔχ				OAD_008	Media:Sadness_01.wav	Media:Sadness_02.wav, Media:Sadness_03.wav
swim (n)	ʔaˈbɛʄ			ʔaˈbɛƈ	MF_022	Media:022-swim_03.wav		"an instance of swimming"
young lady	oˈtoog				JH_023			Age 15-22
old person	oˈnogoj				JH_023
seedling	ˈcimb				VW_038
child	onˈdɛɓ, onˌdɛɓanˈdoŋɡ				VW_038			no difference found yet
field	oˈqol	ˈhaqɔl			VW_038, KC_007	Media:038field1_01.wav, Media:038field1_02.wav	fields_01
glue	ˈkol				VW_038			Fr. loan
food/life	o’ɲoow	χa’ɲoow			JM_014, MF_029	Media:029-food_life_02.wav
food	‘ɲamel	‘ɲamel			JM_014
game	faŋas	faŋas			JM_014
bath	ɓɔgɔχ	ɓɔgɔχ			JM_014
bed	nɟɔŋg	coŋg			JM_014
road	aƭat				JM_014, VW_038	Media:038road_01.wav, Media:038road_02.wav
chair/bench	dumbul	atumbul			JM_014
something to sit on	omoofan				JM_014
Sereer person	oseereer	seereer			JM_014
Wolof person	oʔolof	olof			JM_014
Fula person	opulaane	fulaane			JM_014
Jola person	oƈoola	ʄoola			JM_014			check voicing of implosive in pl.
Sose person	osoose	soose			JM_014
place	ombiɲ				JM_021
wall	myyr	myyr			JM_021
wall	ta'baχ				JM_021, VW_038			no known diff from maχ
wall	maχ				JM_021, VW_038			no known diff from taˈbaχ
yard	maaχ				JM_021
termite	maχ				JM_021
tomb	‘amboj	poj			JM_021			I would gloss as 'grave'-KC
hyena	oˈmoon	hamoon			JH_039			same as 'bottle'
bottle	oˈmoon	hamoon			JH_039			same as 'hyena'
friend	ˈharit	ˈkarit			JH_039
enemy	oˈnoon	noon			JH_039
stranger	oˈkenar	genar			JH_039
peer	oˈkeⁿd	geⁿd			JH_039
fellow traveler	oˈjoon				JH_039			also companion, accompanier; did not elicit plural
leader	oˈjaal				JH_039			did not elicit plural
trap	ᵐbog	pog			JH_039
thief	oˈkuuƭ	guuƭ			JH_039
thief	oˈkuuguuɗ	guuguuɗ			JH_039
chief	oˈmaad				JH_039			did not elicit plural
baby	oˈŋgek	χakek			JH_039
foreskin	oˈsool				JH_039			did not elicit plural
apprentice, learner	oˈcaaɟaŋg				JH_039
teacher	oˈcaaɟaŋgin				JH_039
stove/cooking place	ndeen	teen			JM_021
table	ataabul				JM_021
book	a'teere	a'teere			JM_021
religious book	a'kaamir	a'kaamir			JM_021
shore, beach	tefes	tefes			JM_021
line	apiis	apiis			JM_021
(chess) piece	apis				JM_021
dead person	oqon	χon			MF_29, JM_030
corpse	odal	χatal			JM_030
corpse	ondal	χandal			JM_030
witch/sorcerer	onaq				JM_030
cow	naak	naak	animals		JM_030			k or q?
time	ɉaf	acaf			JM_030			“Time” as in 1 time, 2 times, etc. (Sp. vez)
dry season	ƈiid	ƈiid			JM_030
rainy season	ndiig	tiig			JM_030
pot	ˌakaˈlɛɛra	ˌakaˈlɛɛra			VW_038, VW_040, MF_045	Media:045-pot_01.wav
beach	ˈtɛfɛs				VW_038
blanket	ᵐbaiɟ				VW_024
turtle	χɔmb	ʔaˈqɔmb	animals		KN_031
bat	aˈɗɛɓ	aˈɗɛɓ			KN_031
paper	kaˈitʰ				OAD_026
bottle	omo:n				OAD_026
rope	oˈƥakʰ	ˈχaƥak			OAD_026, MF_045	Media:045-rope_03.wav	Media:045-ropes_01.wav
clothes	ˈniraχ		clothing	ˈɲiraχ	KC_025	Clothes_01
sarong	paj	'haʔɓaj	clothing		KC_025	Sarong_01, Sarong_02	Sarongs_01	tense p in singular may be ɓ̥
shirt	'ndookiʔ	'tookiʔ	clothing	'ndokiʔ, 'tokiʔ	KC_007	Shirt_01	Shirts_01	plural of shirt may be synonymous with clothes ?
shoes	'(o)ɲafaʄ̥	'haɲafaʄ̥	clothing	oˈɲafaƭ	KC_007	Shoe_01, Shoe_02		? last voiceless consonant
pants	ˈoombaɓ̥	paɓ̥	clothing	ˈombap, pap	KC_007	PantsSG_01, PantsSG_02	PantsPL_01
hat	'oomaˌhandaʔ	ˈhamaˌhandaʔ, ˈχamaˌhandaʔ	clothing		KC_007	Hat_01, Hat_02	Hats_01
sock	ˈ(o)kaʋas	ˈhakaʋas	clothing		KC_007	sock_01, sock_02	socks_01	possible loanword from Wolof or other language
earring	ˈ(o)lɔɔŋlɔɔŋ	ˈhalɔɔŋlɔɔŋ	clothing	-lɔŋlɔŋ	KC_007	earring_01, earring_02	earrings_01
necklace	t͡ʃɛk	t͡ʃɛk	clothing		KC_007	necklace_01		homophonous with chicken, though chicken requires "an article, a-"
chicken	ˈat͡ʃɛk		animals		KC_007	chicken_01		homophonous with necklace, though chicken requires "an article, a-"
tomorrow	ˈofɛɛt		time	ˈofɛɛƭ	KC_025	Tomorrow_01
egg	gɪn	ˈakɪn	animals		KC_007	egg_01	eggs_01
seed	ʔaχ	ʔaχ	plants		KC_007	seed_01
thorn	ŋgiʄ̥	kiʄ̥	plants	ŋgiiƈ, kiiƈ	KC_007	thorn_01.wav, thorn_02	thorns_01	final C is voiceless palatal implosive stop?
field	ˈosaaʋiit	ˈχasaaʋiit			KC_007	fieldALT_01	fieldsALT_01	alternative to oqol
chaperone	oⁿdiik				VW_040
outside	ˈtafil				VW_040			also P "outside of"
wooden bowl, pot	oˈroon	ˈχaʔtoon		pl. ˈχatoon	VW_040, KC_041	WoodenBowl_01	WoodenBowls_01, WoodenBowls_02,	bigger bowl. do the plural C's sound retroflex?
wooden bowl, pot	aˈsaχal				VW_040	WoodenBowl2_01		smaller bowl. sg same as pl
spoon	ˈoɓaŋg	ˈχaʔɓaŋg			KC_041	Spoon_01	Spoons_01	made from a halved hard tree fruit
spoon	aˈkuɗuʔ				KC_041	Spoon2_01		different from one made from halved hard tree fruit? pl needs to be checked
plate, cover	ˈafnir	ˈaʔafnir?			KC_041	Plate_01	Plates_01	the plural may be just a classifer plus word initial a?
feast	mbuut	puut		mbuud, puud	KC_041	Feast_01	Feasts_01	no voicing, tense t final c? retroflex?
famine	ŋgɛχ			ŋgɛɛχ	KC_041	Famine_01		no plural, semantically odd, 'when people are starving'
poverty?	oɲak				KC_041	Poverty_01		'when you don't have anything, when poor'
bucket	aˈsiʋoʔ	aˈsiʋoʔ			KC_041	Bucket_01		french loanwoard
handle	ˈdamir	oˈdamir		sg. ˈtamir	KC_041	Handle_01	Handles_01	bucket handle. VOT suggests [d] instead of unaspirated [t]
tied bundle	mbof	pof			KC_041	tied_bundle_01	tied_bundles_01	related to V fof that means to hold in ones shirt,clothes extend out? N like a hobo's bundle with corners tied. Elicited instead of 'bag(s)'
ashes	ndaʋ	taʋ			KC_041	AshesSG_01	AshesPL_01	plural also is debt for item not paid for in full
mountain, stone	ɓɪl	ˈʔaʔɓɪl			KC_041	MtnStone_01	MtnsStones_01	mountain = stone
braid	maar	haˈmaar	bodyparts		KC_041	Braid_01	Braids_01
cotton	ligitʰ		clothing		KC_041		Cotton_01
forest burnage	oɲaaj				JM_048			Not “a forest fire” but an abstract concept
money	χaalis	χaalis			JM_048
cow walker	oteefanke	deefanke			JM_048			Someone hired to walk cows from one place to another after a sale. ke is part of the word, not an article
wood/timber	ateχ	ateχ			JM_048
medicine	teχ	teχ			JM_048
firewood	oɉuƭ	χacuƭ			JM_048
lone tree trunk	aqool	aqool			JM_048			Entire trunk with no branches. I've heard that people use these for storage Faytak 07:05, 5 October 2012 (UTC)
bow (weapon)	aqali				JM_048			doesn’t include arrow
traditional drink	oɴɢalaχ	χaχalaχ			JM_048			made with millet, peanuts, baobab fruit, sugar
a trip, going	atet	atet			MF_013, JM_048			in euph. "go to the woods," see 013 TextGrid
slap	ombaƭ				JM_046
cup (1)	ʔoˈkop				MF_045	Media:045-cup_02.wav		Fr. coupe
cup (2)	ʔoˈkas				MF_045	Media:045-cup(2)_05.wav		Fr. tasse (t > k??)
fish hatchling	ʔoˈɓak	ˈχaƥak			MF_045	Media:045-fish_hatchling_02.wav	Media:045-fish_hatchlings_03.wav
knife (1)	ˈʤapil				MF_045	Media:045-knife(1)_02.wav		no pl. elicited
knife (2)	nduus				MF_045	Media:045-knife(2)_01.wav		"shaver," from ruus "to shave"
mango (1)	ʔɔˈmaŋɡo				MF_045	Media:045-mango(1)_01.wav		no pl. elicited
mango (2)	ʔɔˈmaŋɡaɾoʔ				MF_045	Media:045-mango(2)_04.wav		no pl. elicited
mortar	ʔoˈfaƥ	ˈχapaƥ			MF_045	Media:045-mortar_01.wav	Media:045-mortars_01.wav	for crushing millet; large, kept outdoors
pestle	ʔaˈʔun	ʔaˈʔun			MF_045	Media:045-pestle_02.wav		for crushing millet; large, kept outdoors
sieve (1)	taˈmɛʔ				MF_045	Media:045-sieve(1)_01.wav		Fr. tamis, no pl. elicited
sieve, sifter (2)	ˈfiɗir				MF_045	Media:045-sieve(2)_02.wav		no pl. elicited
Péthié	peʧ				MF_045	Media:045-pethie_01.wav		ML's home village; spelling provided by ML
worker	oca:ɟal	ɟa:ɟal			OAD_042	Media:worker_1.wav
reader, studier	oca:ɟaŋg	ɟa:ɟaŋg			OAD_042	Media:studier_01.wav
stealer 1	oku:ɗ̥	oku:guɗ			OAD_042	Media:stealer_1_1.wav
stealer 2	gu:ɗ	gu:guɗ			OAD_042	Media:stealer_2_1.wav
mohawk (circular)	duf				OAD_042	Media:mohawk_1.wav
planter (1)	otu:duf	du:duf			OAD_042	Media:farmer_1_1.wav
planter (2)	oqo:χoχ	χo:χoχ			OAD_042	Media:farmer_2_1.wav
net	mba:l				OAD_042	Media:net_1.wav
goat (male)	suk fambɛ				OAD_042	Media:male_goat_1.wav
goat (female)	fambɛ reu				OAD_042	Media:female_goat_1.wav
sheep (male)	suk mba:l				OAD_042	Media:male_sheep_1.wav
sheep (female)	mba:l reu				OAD_042	Media:female_sheep_1.wav
childless goat	odiŋg fambɛ				OAD_042	Media:childless_goat_1.wav
baby goat/sheep	ombotɛ	χapotɛ			OAD_042	Media:baby_sheep_1.wav
pebble	gac	χakac			OAD_042	Media:pebble_1.wav
bird	ogac	χakac			OAD_042	Media:bird_special_1.wav		a special kind of bird that appears during rainy season (yellow and black feathers)
ring	oχɛɗ	χaqɛɗ			OAD_042	Media:ring_1.wav
crocodile	fano:χ	apano:χ			OAD_042	Media:crocodile_1.wav
gorilla	ako:ŋg	ako:ŋg			OAD_042	Media:gorilla_1.wav
monkey	aʔkoj	aʔkoj			OAD_042	Media:monkey_1.wav
large male monkey	aɗaŋgin	ataŋgin			OAD_042	Media:male_monkey_1.wav

Numerals

Gloss	form	Alt. Trans.	Sem. Dom	Session	Sound1	Sound 2	notes
one	lɛŋk, lɛŋx			MF_002	Media:One_01.wav	Media:One_02.wav
two	ƭikʰ, ɗikʰ			MF_002	Media:Two_02.wav	Media:Two_03.wav	ƭikʰ is counting form; initial voices when quant. certain N
three	ˈtadikʰ			MF_002	Media:Three_07.wav
four	ˈnaɦikʰ, ˈnaɦeɪkʰ			MF_002	Media:Four_01.wav	Media:Four_04.wav	2nd vowel changes, see session 006
five	ˈƥɛtʰikʰ, ˈɓɛtʰikʰ			MF_002	Media:Five_02.wav	Media:Five_05.wav
six	ɓɛˈtʰu ˈfɔ lɛŋ			MF_002	Media:Six_03.wav
seven	ɓɛˈtʰu ˈʔɗikʰ			MF_002	Media:Seven_01.wav
eight	ɓɛˈtʰu ˈtadikʰ			MF_002	Media:Eight_03.wav
nine	ɓɛˈtʰu ˈnaɦekʰ			MF_002	Media:Nine_02.wav
ten	ˈhaɾˈɓɐɦaj, ˈhaɾɓɦaj			MF_002	Media:Ten_02.wav	Media:Ten_07.wav

Adjectives and Adverbs

Gloss	form	Alt. Trans.	Sem. Dom.	Session	Sound1	Sound 2	notes
invincible	χɔχ			VW_006
a lot	ˈmaju			VW_006	ALot_01
spoiled (food)	aˈfɔt			JH_012
dank	aˈho:ɲa			JH_012
strong, tough	ˈsaƭkuʔ	saƭko		MF_013	tough_01, tough_04		mod. of "meat," means "sinew" or "gristle"; derived from related V
small	nɛʋ			KC_003	small_01
big	ˈmagin			KC_003	big_01
big	ˈmaak			KC_003			see ocean
black	ɓa̰ːl			KN_015
dead	ʔɔˈhɔnuʔ			MF_022			as modifies "person"
old	'nogoju			JH_023
pretty	'mosu			JH_037			"the pretty butterfly" ofiiɗ omosu le
ugly	'parɟu			JH_037			"the ugly insect" jeejet parɟu kɛ
red	'jaχgu			JH_037
white	'ran			JH_037
senile	a'naaχaha			VW_038
cold (to touch)	aɓuuɓa			VW_038	Media:038cold(totouch)_01.wav		not clear on diff from aɓuta
cold (feeling)	ɟoɡon			VW_038
cold (to touch)	aˈɓuta			VW_038			not clear on diff from aɓuuɓa
delicious	felu			OAD_028
very, a lot	aɓaχ		aˈƥaχ	OAD_026
bitter	χaɗ		χaaɗ	OAD_028
delicious	fɛlu			OAD_028
it's correct/right/normal	aƭato			JM_014			not sure of POS
a little bit	oⁿdik			VW_040
hot	asuˈma			VW_040
young	ⁿdɛb			VW_040
today	‘χaje			JM_014
tomorrow	(o)feet			JM_014
yesterday	faak			JM_014
here	meek			JM_014
there (closer)	maana			JM_014
there (far away)	maaga			JM_014
now	ndiiki			JM_014, VW_040
second	ɗikander			JM_030
small	teɓ			JM_030			same as "young" above?

Verbs

Gloss	form	Alt. trans.	Session	Sound1	Sound 2	notes
dance	fɛtʃ		JH_005
give	tʃʰɪʔ		JH_005
measure	liiƥ		JH_005
lead, be in front	doχ		JH_039
share	fog		JH_039
steal	guuɗ		JH_039
attend, be present	maad		JH_039
kill	ʋar		JH_039
be sick	ɟir		JH_039
circumcise/be circumcised	hucoχ		JH_039			Don't know which meaning
enter	rok		JH_039
hit	naf		JH_005, ED_033
cultivate	χɔɔχ		VW_006, ED_017
urinate	said̥ʰ		MF_013
perceive from far off	ʄɔːkʰ		MF_013	Media:013_to_perceive_03.wav		any sensory input seems to work
be strong, tough	saʔɗikʰ	'saƭik	MF_013	Media:013_be_strong_01.wav		see derived ADJ
blow (wind)	ɓaɪ		ED_017
see	gaʔ		OAD_008	Media:to_see_01.wav
drink	jɛr		OAD_008	Media:to_drink_01.wav
eat	ɲa:m		OAD_008	Media:to_eat_01.wav
sit	mo:f		OAD_008, JM_014	Media:to_sit_01.wav
look	ɗɛ:t		OAD_008	Media:to_look_01.wav
swim	β̞ɛʄ		MF_022	Media:022-to_swim_03.wav		often with excrescent final vowel
cough	ʔɔˈqɔtɔːχ		MF_022	cough_01
vomit	ˈdɛkɔχ		MF_022	Media:022-to_vomit_01.wav
cut	dɛɡ̊ʰ		MF_022	Media:022-to_cut_01.wav		final is likely /g/
crack, break, explode (intr)	ɡɛf		MF_022	crack_explode_01
chop (wood)	ɡod̥ʰ		MF_022	Media:022-to_chop_01.wav		final is likely /d/
sleep	ˈɗaːn		KN_015, MF_029	Media:029-to_sleep_03.wav
transplant a seedling	ˈɟimb		VW_038
pick (a fruit)	ɗat		JM_014
play	ŋas		JM_014
have	ɉeg		JM_014
draw a line	piis		JM_021
pick up	naq		JM_030			q or k? (I think q)
fence (in)	ɗing		JM_030
rain	deɓ		JM_030
deshell, shell	χobid		JM_030, MF_045	Media:045-to_shell_03.wav		e.g., of a nut
strip away bark	χoƥit		JM_030
take a big bite	χaƥit		JM_030
chew	ʄah		JM_030
come	gar		JM_014
draw water from well	ʄew	ɲʄɛw	JM_030, KN_031
go toward	ɟof		VW_038
be crooked	aˈkam		ED_033
cry	lɔɔl	ɭɔɔɭ	ED_033, MF_029	Media:029-to_cry_01.wav
defecate	χɔɔm		KN_031
run	ɲːʄuf		KN_031
wash (laundry)	ɗap		KC_025	ToWashLaundry_01
wash	ˈlahaad		KC_025	ToWash_01		washing other things than body, but including hands
wash (body)	ɓog		KC_025	ToWashBody_01	ToWashBody_02	clip 2 features aspiration on g
cook	ɟaʋ		KC_027, MF_045	tocook_01.wav	Media:045-to_cook_02.wav	I originally wrote dʒaʋ
dream	ɗaad		MF_029	Media:029-to_dream_03.wav
hunt	χaʄlooχ		JM_046
jump	fool		JM_046
climb	ŋaaj		JM_046
descend	fudooχ		JM_046
be pregnant	fud		JM_046
be invincible/impregnable, etc.	χoχ		JM_046
slap	faɗ		JM_046
look for/search	waaƭ		JM_046
buy	ɉik		JM_046
sell	ɉikooχ		JM_046
look for, look around	ʋid		VW_040
go along (e.g. a road)	ɓɛɛr		VW_040
follow	rɛɛf		VW_040
be	rɛf		VW_040
stick to	ƭap		VW_040
hold in shirt,clothes	fof		KC_041	ToCarryInShirt_01	ToCarryInShirt_02	related to mbof, pof 'tied bundle(s)'
be spicy/burn	ɲaaj		JM_048
burn (intr.)	ɗoχ		JM_048
give	cit		JM_048			means the same as ciʔ
see	ɗeet		JM_048
notice	ɗeetlooχ		JM_048
go	ret		JM_048
spit	doχoɲ		JM_048
spit repeatedly	doχoɲooχ		JM_048
land a boat/arrive	teer		JM_048
wait for someone	teerooχ		JM_048
turn on/light	kaƥin		JM_048			of lights, appliances, fire, etc.
turn on/light, blow	wuɗ		JM_048
be ruined by termites	wuɗ		JM_048			said of wood
burn (intr.)	kaƥ		JM_048			said of fire, “the fire burns”
say	laj		JM_048
go home	χad		JM_048
be clean	χool		JM_048
make a mistake	χal		JM_048
argue	'χasir		MF_029	Media:029-to_argue_02.wav
scold	χas		MF_029	Media:029-to_scold_02.wav
fart	χaas		MF_029	Media:029-to_fart_03.wav
burp			MF_029	Media:029-to_burp_01.wav
sneeze			MF_029	Media:029-to_sneeze_02.wav
yawn			MF_029	Media:029-to_yawn_02.wav
be alive	ɲɔɔw		MF_029	Media:029-to_be_alive_04.wav
be dead	χɔn		MF_029	Media:029-to_die_02.wav
boil (intr.)	waʄ		MF_045	Media:045-to_boil_01.wav
boil (trans.)	waˈʄin		MF_045	Media:045-to_make_boil_01.wav
fry	ˈrɔsiʔ		MF_045	Media:045-to_fry_02.wav
land, be blown ashore	ˈɓakɔɔχ		MF_045	Media:045-to_land_02.wav		as would a boat; possibly not transitive; may be derived from ɓak "push aside" in the sense that the boat is blown off course
peel	ɗɛl		MF_045	Media:045-to_peel_05.wav		as in removing a hard rind that adheres to the flesh; contrast with (de)shell above
push aside	ɓak		MF_045	Media:045-to_push_to_side_02.wav		usu. of food on a plate
shave	ruus		MF_045	Media:045-to_shave_03.wav		see "knife (2)"
sift, sieve	fiɗ		MF_045	Media:045-to_sift_03.wav
farm, plant	duf		OAD_042	Media:farm_1.wav
chew	ɟaχ		OAD_042	Media:chew_1.wav
die	χon		OAD_042	Media:die_1.wav

Pronouns

Gloss	form	Alt. Trans.	Sem. Dom.	Session	Sound 1	Sound 2
I	miʔ			OAD_008	Media:I_01.wav
you.sg	woʔ			OAD_008	Media:you_sg_01.wav, Media:you_sg_02.wav
he, she, it	tɛn	tɛnt (?)		OAD_008	Media:she_he_01.wav
we	inoʔ			OAD_008	Media:we_01.wav, Media:we_03.wav
you.pl	nu:n			OAD_008	Media:you_pl_01.wav, Media:you_pl_02.wav
they	den, denɔʔ			OAD_008	Media:they_01.wav, Media:they_02.wav

Adpositions

Gloss	form	Alt. Trans.	Post?	Session	Sound 1	Sound2	Notes
at	onga		yes	JM_021
behind/after	aciⁿɉ			JM_021, VW_040
amidst/between/surrounded by/inside	ⁿdɛɛr			VW_024
in front of	mbaambir			JM_021
over/above/on/up	tok			JM_021, VW_040			used also as adv. "up"
under	ɗoχang	ɗoχaᵑɡ, ɗoχaŋ		JM_021
in/inside	kam			JM_021, VW_040
near/by/next to	paam	pam		JM_021, VW_040
behind	ka'taa			VW_040
around	kɛˈʋidna			VW_040
outside	ˈtafil			VW_040			also N "outside"
inside/in between/in the middle	a'ndeer			JM_012, VW_040
at	non			VW_024
toward	ɟof, ɟofin, ɟofna			VW_024
near to	mɛmaʔna			VW_024
far from	mɛgotna			VW_024

Miscellany

Gloss	form	Alt. Trans.	Sem. Dom.	Session	Sound 1	Sound 2
greeting	ˈnam ˈfiɔʔ			MF_002	Media:Hello_02.wav
greeting (contracted)	ˈnamɔʔ			MF_002	Media:Hello_short_03.wav
thank you	ˈʤoː kɐˈɲɟɐl, -ɺə			MF_002	Media:Thankyou_03.wav	Media:Thankyou_04.wav
response to thanks	ʔɪˈnʌ ˈmbogʷʊn, -ɣʷ-			MF_002	Media:Youre_welcome_05.wav	Media:Youre_welcome_04.wav
response to greeting	mɛˈɦɛ ˈmɛn			MF_002	Media:Response_to_hello_04.wav
yes	i: , i:jo			OAD_008
no	haʔa			OAD_008