Serer lexicon

Nouns

Note: please update orthography of all rows for which you are listed as first eliciting.

Gloss	Singular	Plural	Noun class (sg, pl.)	Alt. Trans.	Session	Singular Tokens	Plural Tokens	notes
dog	oɓox	xaƥox	ole, oxe		OAD_001	Dog_02.wav, Dogs_01.wav	Dog_03.wav, Dogs_03.wav
cat	muus	muus	ne, ke		OAD_001	Cat_01.wav, Cats_01.wav	Cat_02.wav, Cats_03.wav
bird	ndiiƭ	tiiƭ	ne, ke		OAD_001	Bird_03.wav, Birds_02.wav	Bird_04.wav, Birds_03.wav
pig	ruul	atuul	le, ake		OAD_001	Pig_02.wav, Pigs_01.wav	Pig_03.wav, Media:Pigs_02.wav
insect	yeeyet	yeeyet	?, ke		OAD_001	Media:Insect_01.wav	Media:Insect_02.wav
spider	apoxolac	apoxolac			OAD_001	Media:Spider_03.wav	Media:Spider_04.wav
ant	ñiinax	ñiinax		ñiiñax	OAD_001	Ant_03.wav	Ant_04.wav
butterfly	ofiɗ	xapiɗ	ole, axe		OAD_001	Butterfly_01.wav	Butterfly_02.wav
fruit	oɓiy	xaƥiy	ole	oɓii	OAD_001	Media:fruit_sg1.wav, Media:fruit_sg2.wav, Media:fruit_sg3.wav	Media:fruit_pl1.wav, Media:fruit_pl2.wav, Media:fruit_pl3.wav
person	okiin	wiin	oxe, we		MF_002	Person_03.wav	People_01.wav, People_05.wav
man	okoor	goor	oxe, we		MF_002, ED_033	Man_01.wav	Men_02.wav
fire	fiɗel	piɗel	fe		JM_004
tree	ndaxar	taxar	ne		JM_004
town, village	saate	saate, caate	?, ke		JM_004, VW_038
city	saate famaak	saate maak (ke)			JM_004, VW_038
light	leer				JM_004
fence	aƭing	aƭing			JM_004	Media:040fence_01.wav
name	gon	akon			JM_004, VW_038
sap	goon				JM_004, VW_038
drum	famb	apamb			JM_004, VW_038			a~ʌ
song	akim	akim			JM_004, VW_038
salt	ojem	xacem			JM_004, VW_038
rumor	onan	xanan			JH_005			lit. 'instance of hearing'
dance	ombec	xaƥec			JH_005			is this really implosive? We should check -JM
gift	cit	cit			JH_005
fish	liƥ	liƥ			JH_005
scale	owas	xabas			JH_005
tail	alas	alas			JH_005, MF_013
fin, spine	aƈor				JH_005, MF_022			Did not elicit plural
boat	suk				JH_005			Did not elicit plural
feather, wing	anaf	anaf			JH_005, MF_013, JM_014
year	oxiid	xaqiid			VW_006
husband	okor	gor			VW_006, ?
baobab tree	ƥaak	ƥaak	ne, ke		JH_012, MF_045	Media:045-baobab_01.wav
baobab fruit	ɓaak	aƥaak	le, ake		JH_012, MF_045	Media:045-baobab_fruit_02.wav	Media:045-baobab_fruits_02.wav
shell, rind	oxoƥ	xaqoƥ			JH_012, KC_007	shell_rind_01, shell_rind_02		Also (tree) bark
forest	aqoƥ				JH_012			No plural elicited; see also TextGrid 013
branch	anaaq				JH_012, VW_038	Media:038branch_01.wav		No plural elicited
root	aƥaƈ	aƥaƈ			JH_012, MF_045	Media:045-root_03.wav
yam	xaƥ	xaqaƥ			JH_012, MF_045	Media:045-yam_01.wav	Media:045-yams_01.wav
moss	naawos				JH_012			No plural
wind	aƥay				ED_017
milk	osis	xasis			MF_013	Media:013_milk_01.wav	Media:013_milks_03.wav
tear	ogooniit	xakooniit			MF_013	Media:013_tear_03.wav	Media:013_tears_02.wav	as in crying
phlegm, mucus	xaaqox				MF_013	Media:013_phlegm_02.wav
urine	asayid				MF_013	Media:013_urine_01.wav		derived from "urinate", did not elicit PL
feces	ɗung				MF_013	Media:013_feces_01.wav		did not check for plural
feces (pol.)	ñaʄlox				MF_013	Media:013_feces_polite_03.wav		may be more than one word
manure (1)	neefaɾe'				MF_013	Media:013_manure_02.wav
manure (2)	atos				MF_013	Media:013_manure_2_02.wav		from verb tos
mouse	ƈoox	ƈoox			MF_013	Media:013-mouse_02.wav		initial C contrast with "perceive from far off"
meat	ndawal	tawal			MF_013	Media:013_meat_02.wav	Media:013_meats_01.wav
fat (as on meat)	grees				MF_013	Media:013_fat_01.wav	Media:013_fat_02.wav	Fr. "graisse"
horn	ojan	xacan			MF_013	Media:013_horn_02.wav	Media:013_horns_01.wav	Also word for side handles on a pot.
hoof	ofoxos	xapoxos			MF_013	Media:013_hoof_01.wav	Media:013_hooves_01.wav
wing	akand	akand			MF_013, ED_033	Media:013_wing_01.wav		see "shoulder"
bracelet	njara			jara ?	VW_011
woman	otew	rew	oxe, we		KC_003	woman_01
water	foofi’	poofi’	le		KC_003	water_01		also the fluid in a blister
river	omaag	xamaag			KC_003	river_01	rivers_01
ocean	omaag omaak	xamaag xamaak			KC_003, VW_038	ocean_01
lake	ambeel	peel			KC_003	lake_01
cream, oil	‘onew	xonew			KC_003	oil_cream_01
cream, oil	oɗuum	xaƭuum			KC_003	oil_cream_01
dirt, sand, land	lang	lang	?, ke		KC_003, KC_041	DirtSandLand_01	DirtsSandsLands_01
mud	loofin			lofin	KC_003	mud_01
clay	ɗuk			ɗok	KC_003	clay_01
domesticated animals		mũːˈmin			KN_015			"general" term for livestock/domesticated animals of any type; singular not elicited.
pets		cegel			KN_015			"personal" term for livestock/domesticated animals; singular not elicited.
lion	njogoy	cogoy			KN_015			masc. and fem. forms formed with words for "man" and "woman"
sheep	mbaal	paal			KN_015			irregular masc. form; fem. formed with word for "woman"; homophonous with 'fishing net'
ram	suk mbaal	suk paal			KN_015			‘male sheep’
ewe	mbaal ndew				KN_015			‘sheep female’
fishing net	mbaal	paal			KN_015			homophonous with word for 'sheep'
vomit	atek				MF_022	Media:022-vomit_01.wav
blister	yaaf	ayaaf			MF_022	Media:022-blister_02.wav	Media:022-blisters_02.wav
thing used to swim	beʄir				MF_022	Media:022-thing_for_swimming_01.wav		see "to swim"; pl. not elicited
bruise, tender spot	dirig	atirig			MF_022	Media:022-bruise_02.wav	Media:022-bruises_01.wav
(big) swelling	'uut	a'uut			MF_022	Media:022-swelling_01.wav	Media:022-swellings_01.wav
wound	ɗoy	aƭoy			MF_022	Media:022-wound_02.wav	Media:022-wounds_03.wav	E.g. knife wound. Stress varies between initial and final.
break, crack	ogef	akef			MF_022	Media:022-crack_01.wav	Media:022-cracks_03.wav	as in a plate or a piece of wood
cough	oqotoox			oqotax	MF_022, OAD_056	Media:022-to_cough_a_cough_01.wav		same as the verb stem, pl. not elicited
snake	fangool	pangool			KN_020
rabbit	ndool	tool			KN_020
worm	alootit	alootit			KN_020
bee	nguuran	kuuran			KN_020, ED_033
duck	akanaara’				KN_020			no distinct plural form; from Fr. **canard**
elephant	fañiik	(a)pañiik	fe/le, (a)ke		KN_020
mosquito	ƥook	ƥook			KN_020
frog	faaɓ	xapaaɓ			KN_020
sun	njec				NB_009
moon/month	onqool	xaqool			NB_009, VW_054
day	ñaal	ñaal	?, ke		NB_009
week	ñaal/kom ndakoohiidu	ñaal/kom takoohiidu			NB_009
rain	ateƥ				NB_009, KC_003
lightning (bolt)	oxiiñ	xakiiñ		check k	NB_009			singular refers to a single bolt of lightning, plural several
house	mbind	pind	ne		NB_009
window	ofalanteer	xapalanteer		ofalanter	NB_009			Fr. loan word, **fênetre**
door	odon omaax	xaton omaax			NB_009			lit. 'mouth of the yard'
room	andok	tok			NB_018
kitchen	ambaw	paw			NB_018
hair	wil	abil		pl. awil ?	ED_010	hair_01
chest	ngang				ED_010, ED_033
blood	fo’oy				ED_010
spit	doxooñ				ED_010
belly	ofud				ED_010
side, rib(s)	osaax				ED_010
belly button	daɓ	ataɓ			ED_010
leg, foot	ojaf	acaf			ED_010
hip	aƥek	aƥek			ED_010			implosive? -JM
head	xox	aqox		xoox	VW_006, ED_017			q ~ k, o~ɔ - VW
nose	oñis	xañis			ED_017, VW_006
beard	oratam	xatatam			JM_004
tongue, language	ɗelem	aƭelem			JM_004
bone	oxiiƈ	akiiƈ		(pl) ˈhaki:ƈ	JH_005
mouth, beak	odon	xaton		(sg) ˈodɵn	JH_005, MF_013, ED_017, VW_006
shoulder	akand	akand			JH_005			same word as "wing"
hand, arm	oɓay	xaƥay			ED_017, VW_006
elbow	nonong	xanonong			VW_006
eye	akid	akid			VW_006, ED_017
lip	njapko	capko		njaƥko	VW_006, ED_017
ear	nof	nof	?, ke		VW_006, ED_017
eyelid, eyelash	ñooror				VW_006, ED_017
eyebrow	oɗiiɗiik	xaƭiikɗiik		check k in pl.	VW_006, ED_017
forehead	atagid	akox			VW_006			check plural; looks like ‘heads’ aqox
finger, toe	ngol	kol		qol (NB)	VW_006, ED_017, ED_033, JH_012, VW_038
butt	fuƭ	apuƭ			JH_012			Also (tree) trunk
skin, hide	ɗool				JH_012			No plural
breast	ƭeen	ƭeen			MF_013	Media:013_breast_07.wav	Media:013_breast_08.wav
muscle	ɗoole'	ɗoole'			MF_013	Media:013_muscle_01.wav	Media:013_muscle_04.wav
biceps	oʄoox	xaƈoox			MF_013	Media:013_biceps_01.wav	Media:013_biceps_pl_01.wav
nail, claw	mbambañ	pambañ			MF_013, ED_017	Media:013_nail_01.wav	Media:013_nails_03.wav	"nail" meaning fingernail/toenail
kneecap	oro’oy	xato’oy			VW_011
knee	ngubay				VW_011			no good recording
ankle	ngubay jara				VW_011			lit: "knee bracelet"
stomach, intestine	laaw		?, ke	law	VW_011
throat(s)	aˈpɛ̰ɛ̰pʰ	---			VW_011
neck	ocok	xacok		ojok ?	VW_011
heart(s), lung(s)	xeeñ	---			VW_011
heel	ofaaɗ	xaƥaaɗ			ED_017
love	bug				OAD_008	Media:Love_01.wav	Media:Love_02.wav	note the final stop in "urine"/"urinate" as well
happiness	ɗay				OAD_008	Media:Happiness_01.wav	Media:Happiness_03.wav
sadness	yudnoox				OAD_008	Media:Sadness_01.wav	Media:Sadness_02.wav, Media:Sadness_03.wav
swim (n)	abeʄ			abeƈ	MF_022	Media:022-swim_03.wav		"an instance of swimming"
young lady	otoog				JH_023			Age 15-22
old person	onogoy				JH_023
seedling	cimb				VW_038
child	ondeɓ, ondeɓandong		oxe		VW_038, VW_040			no difference found yet
field	oqol	xaqol	ole		VW_038, KC_007	Media:038field1_01.wav, Media:038field1_02.wav	fields_01
glue	kol				VW_038			Fr. loan
food/life	oñoow	xañoow			JM_014, MF_029	Media:029-food_life_02.wav
food	ñamel	ñamel			JM_014			check length (from verb ñaam)
game	faŋas	faŋas			JM_014
bath	ɓogox	ɓogox			JM_014
bed	njoŋg	cong			JM_014
road	aƭat		ale		JM_014, VW_038	Media:038road_01.wav, Media:038road_02.wav
chair/bench	dumbul	atumbul			JM_014
something to sit on	omoofan				JM_014
Sereer person	oseereer	seereer			JM_014
Wolof person	o’olof	olof			JM_014
Fula person	opulaane	fulaane			JM_014
Jola person	oƈoola	ʄoola			JM_014			check voicing of implosive in pl.
Sose person	osoose	soose			JM_014
place	ombiñ				JM_021
wall	myyr	myyr			JM_021
wall	tabax				JM_021, VW_038			no known diff from maχ
wall	max				JM_021, VW_038			no known diff from taˈbaχ
yard	maax				JM_021
termite	max				JM_021
grave/tomb	amboy	poy	ale		JM_021
hyena	omoon	xamoon			JH_039			same as 'bottle'
bottle	omoon	xamoon			JH_039			same as 'hyena'
friend	xaarit	qaarit			JH_039
enemy	onoon	noon			JH_039
stranger	okenar	genar			JH_039
peer	okend	gend			JH_039
fellow traveler	oyoon				JH_039			also companion, accompanier; did not elicit plural
leader	oyaal				JH_039			did not elicit plural
trap	mbog	pog			JH_039
thief	okuuƭ	guuƭ			JH_039
thief	okuuguuɗ	guuguuɗ			JH_039
chief	omaad				JH_039			did not elicit plural
baby	ongek	xakek			JH_039
foreskin	osool				JH_039			did not elicit plural
apprentice, learner	ocaajang				JH_039
teacher	ocaajangin				JH_039
stove/cooking place	ndeen	teen	ne		JM_021
table	ataabul		ale		JM_021
book	ateere	ateere	le	ateere’	JM_021
religious book	akaamir	akaamir			JM_021
shore, beach	tefes	tefes	fe		JM_021, VW_038
line	apiis	apiis	ale, ake		JM_021
(chess) piece	apis				JM_021
dead person	oqon	xon			MF_29, JM_030
corpse	odal	xatal			JM_030
corpse	ondal	xandal			JM_030
witch/sorcerer	onaq				JM_030
cow	naak	naak	animals		JM_030			k or q?
time	jaf	acaf			JM_030			“Time” as in 1 time, 2 times, etc. (Sp. vez)
dry season	ƈiid	ƈiid			JM_030
rainy season	ndiig	tiig			JM_030
pot	akaleera	akaleera	le		VW_038, VW_040, MF_045	Media:045-pot_01.wav
blanket	mbaj				VW_024
turtle	xomb	aqomb	animals		KN_031
bat	aɗeɓ	aɗeɓ			KN_031
paper	kaˈitʰ				OAD_026
bottle	omoon				OAD_026
rope	oƥak	xaƥak	ole, axe		OAD_026, MF_045	Media:045-rope_03.wav	Media:045-ropes_01.wav
clothes	nirax			ñirax	KC_025	Clothes_01
sarong	paj	'haʔɓaj		check stop	KC_025	Sarong_01, Sarong_02	Sarongs_01	tense p in singular may be ɓ̥
shirt	ndooki’	tooki’		ndoki’, toki’	KC_007, JM_062	Shirt_01	Shirts_01	plural of shirt may be synonymous with clothes ? Pretty sure vowel is short -JM
shoes	(o)ñafaʄ̥	xañafaʄ̥		oñafaƭ	KC_007	Shoe_01, Shoe_02		? last voiceless consonant
pants	oombaƥ	paƥ		ombap pap	KC_007	PantsSG_01, PantsSG_02	PantsPL_01
hat	oomaxanda’	xamaxanda’		long o? ‘?	KC_007	Hat_01, Hat_02	Hats_01
sock	(o)kawas	xakawas			KC_007	sock_01, sock_02	socks_01	possible loanword from Wolof or other language
earring	(o)looŋlooŋ	xalooŋlooŋ		-loŋloŋ	KC_007	earring_01, earring_02	earrings_01
necklace	cek	cek			KC_007	necklace_01		homophonous with chicken, though chicken requires "an article, a-"
chicken	acek				KC_007	chicken_01		homophonous with necklace, though chicken requires "an article, a-"
tomorrow	ofeet			ˈofɛɛƭ	KC_025	Tomorrow_01
egg	gin	akin			KC_007	egg_01	eggs_01
seed	‘ax	‘ax			KC_007	seed_01
thorn 1	ngiʄ̥	kiʄ̥		ŋgiiƈ, kiiƈ	KC_007	thorn_01.wav, thorn_02	thorns_01	final C is voiceless palatal implosive stop?
thorn 2	oxiiƈ	kiiƈ			OAD_056			this may be a third version of 'thorns'
field	osaawiit	xasaawiit			KC_007	fieldALT_01	fieldsALT_01	alternative to oqol
chaperone	ondiik				VW_040
outside	tafil				VW_040			also P "outside of"
wooden bowl, pot	oroon	xatoon			VW_040, KC_041	WoodenBowl_01	WoodenBowls_01, WoodenBowls_02,	bigger bowl. do the plural C's sound retroflex?
medium wooden bowl, pot	asaxal				VW_040	WoodenBowl2_01		smaller bowl. sg same as pl
small wooden bowl, pot	asaq				VW_054
spoon	oɓang	xaƥang			KC_041	Spoon_01	Spoons_01	made from a halved hard tree fruit
spoon	akuɗu’				KC_041	Spoon2_01		different from one made from halved hard tree fruit? pl needs to be checked
plate, cover	‘afnir	a’afnir			KC_041	Plate_01	Plates_01	the plural may be just a classifer plus word initial a?
feast	mbuut	puut		mbuud, puud	KC_041	Feast_01	Feasts_01	no voicing, tense t final c? retroflex?
famine	ngex			ngeex	KC_041	Famine_01		no plural, semantically odd, 'when people are starving'
poverty?	oñak				KC_041	Poverty_01		'when you don't have anything, when poor'
bucket	asiwo’	asiwo’			KC_041	Bucket_01		french loanwoard
handle	damir	odamir		sg. tamir	KC_041	Handle_01	Handles_01	bucket handle. VOT suggests [d] instead of unaspirated [t]
tied bundle	mbof	pof			KC_041	tied_bundle_01	tied_bundles_01	related to V fof that means to hold in ones shirt,clothes extend out? N like a hobo's bundle with corners tied. Elicited instead of 'bag(s)'
ashes	ndaw	taw			KC_041	AshesSG_01	AshesPL_01	plural also is debt for item not paid for in full
mountain, stone	ɓil	aƥil			KC_041	MtnStone_01	MtnsStones_01	mountain = stone
braid	maar	xamaar			KC_041	Braid_01	Braids_01
cotton	ligit				KC_041		Cotton_01
forest burnage	oñaay				JM_048			Not “a forest fire” but an abstract concept
money	xaalis	xaalis	fe, ke		JM_048
cow walker	oteefanke	deefanke	xe, we		JM_048			Someone hired to walk cows from one place to another after a sale. ke is part of the word, not an article
wood/timber	atex	atex	ale, ake		JM_048
medicine	tex	tex			JM_048
firewood	ojuƭ	xacuƭ		long vowel?	JM_048, ED_055
lone tree trunk	aqool	aqool			JM_048			Entire trunk with no branches. I've heard that people use these for storage Faytak 07:05, 5 October 2012 (UTC)
bow (weapon)	aqali				JM_048			doesn’t include arrow
traditional drink	onqalax	xaxalax			JM_048			made with millet, peanuts, baobab fruit, sugar
a trip, going	atet	atet			MF_013, JM_048			in euph. "go to the woods," see 013 TextGrid
slap	ombaƭ				JM_046
cup (1)	okop				MF_045	Media:045-cup_02.wav		Fr. coupe
cup (2)	okas				MF_045	Media:045-cup(2)_05.wav		Fr. tasse (t > k??)
fish hatchling	oɓak	xaƥak	ole		MF_045	Media:045-fish_hatchling_02.wav	Media:045-fish_hatchlings_03.wav
knife (1)	japil	capil	fe, ke		MF_045, KC_77	Media:045-knife(1)_02.wav		no pl. elicited
knife (2)	nduus				MF_045	Media:045-knife(2)_01.wav		"shaver," from ruus "to shave"
mango (1)	omango				MF_045	Media:045-mango(1)_01.wav		no pl. elicited
mango (2)	omangaro'				MF_045	Media:045-mango(2)_04.wav		no pl. elicited
mortar	ofaƥ	xapaƥ	ole		MF_045	Media:045-mortar_01.wav	Media:045-mortars_01.wav	for crushing millet; large, kept outdoors
pestle	a'un	a'un			MF_045	Media:045-pestle_02.wav		for crushing millet; large, kept outdoors
sieve (1)	tame'				MF_045	Media:045-sieve(1)_01.wav		Fr. tamis, no pl. elicited
sieve, sifter (2)	fiɗir				MF_045	Media:045-sieve(2)_02.wav		no pl. elicited
Péthié	pec				MF_045	Media:045-pethie_01.wav		ML's home village; spelling provided by ML
worker	ocaajal	jaajal			OAD_042	Media:worker_1.wav
reader, studier	ocaajaŋg	jaajang			OAD_042	Media:studier_01.wav
stealer 1	okuuɗ̥	okuuguɗ		check final stop	OAD_042	Media:stealer_1_1.wav
stealer 2	guuɗ	guuguɗ		check	OAD_042	Media:stealer_2_1.wav
mohawk (circular)	duf				OAD_042	Media:mohawk_1.wav
planter (1)	otuuduf	duuduf			OAD_042	Media:farmer_1_1.wav
planter (2)	oqooxox	xooxox			OAD_042	Media:farmer_2_1.wav
net	mbaal				OAD_042	Media:net_1.wav
goat (male)	suk fambe			s. ˈfambɛʔ	OAD_042	Media:male_goat_1.wav
goat (female)	fambe rew			ˈfambɛʔ r.	OAD_042	Media:female_goat_1.wav
sheep (male)	suk mbaal				OAD_042	Media:male_sheep_1.wav
sheep (female)	mbaal rew				OAD_042	Media:female_sheep_1.wav
childless goat	oding fambe			o. ˈfambɛʔ	OAD_042	Media:childless_goat_1.wav
baby goat/sheep	ombote	xapote			OAD_042	Media:baby_sheep_1.wav
pebble	gac	xakac			OAD_042	Media:pebble_1.wav
bird	ogac	xakac			OAD_042	Media:special_bird_sg_and_pl.wav		a special kind of bird that appears during rainy season (yellow and black feathers)
ring	oxeɗ	xaqeɗ			OAD_042	Media:ring_1.wav	Media:rings_1.wav
crocodile	fanoox	apanoox			OAD_042	Media:crocodile_1.wav	Media:crocodiles_1.wav
gorilla	akoong	akoong			OAD_042	Media:gorilla_1.wav
monkey	aʔkoj	aʔkoj			OAD_042	Media:monkey_1.wav
big male monkey	aɗangin	atangin			OAD_042	Media:male_monkey_1.wav	Media:male_monkeys_1.wav
footpad	dang				NB_051			bottom of the foot of a dog or canine
hyena	omoon	xamoon			NB_051
ax	ɓaax				NB_051
hammer	omaxto				NB_051			Fr. loanword
hammer	(o)dajir	(xa)tajir			NB_051			The forms without the prefixes were judged to be indefinite, or at least not definite. The unprefixed pl., taɟir was judged to be either sg or pl (i.e. not strictly pl). The prefixed forms were the ones that must be used with a postposed article.
hammer	(o)dajtir	(xa)tajtir			NB_051			Smth for beating/hammering something appart, where (o)daɟir is for putting something together. Judgements the same as (o)daɟir/(xa)taɟir
watermelon	xaal	aqaal			ED_055
a mistake	kal				ED_055
farming	aqox				ED_055
inlet	aqal				ED_055
mangrove	njas	cas			ED_055
mangrove seed	ofulox	xapulox			ED_055
a bull	nqoox	qoox			ED_055
camel	ngelem	kelem			ED_055
black pepper	poobar				MF_047	Media:047-black_pepper_03.wav		Fr. poivre, no pl. elicited
coffee	kafe	kafe	fe		MF_047	Media:047-coffee_01.wav		Fr. café
millet dehusking process	sok				MF_047	Media:047-dehusking_process_01.wav		cf. "dehusk millet", no pl. elicited
garlic	laaj	laaj			MF_047	Media:047-garlic_01.wav		word refers to whole head
goat	fambe'	pambe'	le, ke		MF_047	Media:047-goat_02.wav	Media:047-goats_01.wav
grille, grate for open fire	juɗir	cuɗir			MF_047	grille	grilles
hot pepper	kaane'	kaane'	?, ke		MF_047	Media:047-hot_pepper_01.wav
onion	soble'	soble'	?, ke		MF_047	Media:047-onion_01.wav
overly energetic person (1)	sob				MF_047	Media:047-overly_energetic_person_01.wav		no pl. elicited
overly energetic person (2)	fodaƭar				MF_047	Media:047-overly_energetic_person_03.wav		no pl. elicited; will re-elicit to clarify second stop's voicing
tea (drink)	ataaya	ataaya	fe, ke		MF_047	Media:047-tea_01.wav		no pl. elicited
tea (leaves)	warga	warga	fe, ke		MF_047	Media:047-tea_leaves_01.wav		no pl. elicited
doctor	opan	fan			KC_055
hole	oyuul	xayuul			KC_055
hole (in ground)	asemb				KC_055
big hole (in ground)	ngamb	kamb			KC_055			I need to check voicing on final C. once file is uploaded.
sickness	jiir	aciir			KC_055
wave	ayand				KC_055
family	ƥasil	ƥasil			KC_055
knot	dug	aƭug		check stops	KC_055
chick	oñuuc	?			OAD_056
jujube (berry)	oxiic	xakiic		check k	OAD_056
wind 1	aɓay	aɓay			OAD_056
wind 2	ngeñ	?			OAD_056
sneeze (n)	disox	?		disoox	OAD_056
coarse millet	kiis	?			OAD_056
finding (n)	ngis	?			OAD_056
news	oqas				JM_062
stick	oɗong	xaƭong			JM_062
large pile of peanuts	ngaƭ	kaƭ			JM_062
small pile of peanuts	ofokat	xapokat			JM_062
little brother	ondeɓ				JM_062			also sister??
snake ('crawler')	ƥood				ED_058
hammock, swing	njaayaand	caayaand			ED_058
limp	laƈ				ED_065			derived from V laʄ 'to limp'
stump	apanq	apanq			VW_054			variable with [aˈpaŋg]
belief	ongim				VW_054
storm	‘und				VW_068
bread	mbuuru'	puuru'	ne, ke		MF_061	Media:061-bread_02.wav	Media:061-breads_01.wav	typical loaf is long, dense
bundle	sipran	asipran		osiprand, xasiprand	MF_061	Media:061-bundle_01.wav	Media:061-bundles_01.wav	of millet, two tied half-bundles with untied ends stuck into each other and then tied a third time in the middle
half-bundle	xumb	qumb			MF_061	Media:061-half_bundle_01.wav	Media:061-half_bundles_01.wav	of millet, bundle of stalks tied at one end; possibly related to χum "to tie"
grain	mbep	pep			MF_061	Media:061-grain_01.wav	Media:061-grains_03.wav	e.g. millet or rice
honey	yuum	yuum	fe, ke		MF_061	Media:061-honey_01.wav
oven	fuur	fuur, apuur	fe, ke		MF_061	Media:061-oven_01.wav	Media:061-ovens.wav	Fr. four
piece, chunk	oɓek	χaƥek	ole, axe		MF_061	Media:061-piece_02.wav	Media:061-pieces.wav	small; used at least for sugar cubes
storage of millet	oleer				MF_061	Media:061-storage_of_millet_01.wav		pl. not elicited; unsure of definition, asking later
sugar	suukar	suukar	fe, ke		MF_061	Media:061-sugar_01.wav		Fr. sucre; diminutive ˈɲɟuukar, "little bit of sugar"
traditional bread sp.	tapalapa	tapalapa	fe/ne, ke		MF_061	Media:061-traditional_bread(2)_01.wav		possibly onomatopoetic, see "slapping/clapping sound". also occurs as modifier in ˈmbuuruʔ ˈtapaˈlapa "bread sp."
god	roog	roog			JM_076
mother	ya'				JM_076
mother	yaay				JM_076
Senegal	senegal				JM_076
air	ngeñ			ngeeñ	JM_080
ball	obal				JM_080
soup	sup				KC_03
millet	ngaaf	kaaf	ne, ke		MF_61
horse	pis ?	pis	?, ke		JM_62
stone	ɗak		le		KC_77
meal, cooking, dish	njaw	caw	ne, ke		OAD_78

Numerals

Gloss	form	Alt. Trans.	Sem. Dom	Session	Sound1	Sound 2	notes
one	lɛŋk, lɛŋx			MF_002	Media:One_01.wav	Media:One_02.wav
two	ƭikʰ, ɗikʰ			MF_002	Media:Two_02.wav	Media:Two_03.wav	ƭikʰ is counting form; initial voices when quant. certain N
three	ˈtadikʰ			MF_002	Media:Three_07.wav
four	ˈnaɦikʰ, ˈnaɦeɪkʰ			MF_002	Media:Four_01.wav	Media:Four_04.wav	2nd vowel changes, see session 006
five	ˈƥɛtʰikʰ, ˈɓɛtʰikʰ			MF_002	Media:Five_02.wav	Media:Five_05.wav
six	ɓɛˈtʰu ˈfɔ lɛŋ			MF_002	Media:Six_03.wav
seven	ɓɛˈtʰu ˈʔɗikʰ			MF_002	Media:Seven_01.wav
eight	ɓɛˈtʰu ˈtadikʰ			MF_002	Media:Eight_03.wav
nine	ɓɛˈtʰu ˈnaɦekʰ			MF_002	Media:Nine_02.wav
ten	ˈhaɾˈɓɐɦaj, ˈhaɾɓɦaj			MF_002	Media:Ten_02.wav	Media:Ten_07.wav

Adjectives and Adverbs

Gloss	form	Alt. Trans.	Sem. Dom.	Session	Sound1	Sound 2	notes
invincible	χɔχ			VW_006			this is a verb, don’t think it’s an adjective
a lot	mayu			VW_006	ALot_01
spoiled (food)	afot			JH_012			don’t think this is an adjective; should be a mass noun
dank	axooña			JH_012			not adjective?
strong, tough	saƭku			MF_013	tough_01, tough_04		mod. of "meat," means "sinew" or "gristle"; derived from related V
small	new			KC_003	small_01
big	magin			KC_003	big_01		this is a verb, not an adjective
big	maak			KC_003			see ocean
black	ɓaal			KN_015
dead	oxonu			MF_022			as modifies "person"
old	nogoyu			JH_023
pretty	mosu			JH_037			"the pretty butterfly" ofiiɗ omosu le
ugly	parju	parʄu		JH_037			"the ugly insect" yeeyet parju ke
red	yaxgu			JH_037
white	ran			JH_037
senile	anaaxaxa			VW_038			looks like a 3rd sg. verb
cold (to touch)	aɓuuɓa			VW_038	Media:038cold(totouch)_01.wav		This is a verb. not clear on diff from aɓuta
cold (feeling)	jogon			VW_038			not adjective?
cold (to touch)	aɓuta			VW_038			This is a verb. not clear on diff from aɓuuɓa
delicious	felu			OAD_028
very, a lot	aɓax		aƥax	OAD_026
bitter	xaɗ		xaaɗ	OAD_028			adjective?
delicious	felu			OAD_028
it's correct/right/normal	aƭato			JM_014			This is a noun with the “copula-esque” o ending. Not adjective.
a little bit	ondik			VW_040			basic form?
hot	asuma			VW_040			This is a verb
young	ⁿdɛb			VW_040			Pretty sure this is deɓ ‘small’ in the person noun class
today	xaye			JM_014
tomorrow	(o)feet			JM_014
yesterday	faak			JM_014
here	meek			JM_014				also mɛnɛ VW_071
there (closer)	maana			JM_014				also mɛɛnɛ VW_071
there (far away)	maaga			JM_014
now	ndiiki			JM_014, VW_040
second	ɗikander			JM_030
small	teɓ			JM_030			same as "young" above? Yes (in diff NC)
fast, quickly	ñofu			ED_065, VW_068
hard	apax			ED_065			basic form pax?
all	fop			VW_054
bent	tuxdox			VW_054			adjective?
curly	laxasoxu			VW_054
loudly	apaax			VW_068
loudly	tok			VW_068				lit "up"
slowly	ondang			VW_068				doubled to indicate "progress"
simultaneously/at the same time	andoor			VW_068				possibly dependent, must be post-verb. This is a verbal extension.
clumsy	fodaru			VW_068
heavy	meɗ			OAD_074
light	jelet			OAD_074

Onomatopoeia

Gloss	Variant 1	Variant 2	Session	Sound1	Sound 2	notes
cow sound	mbu:	mba:
sheep sound	mbɛ:
slapping/clapping	táp		MF_061	Media:061-O_clap(1)_01.wav		hands clapping, or dough slapping on surface or hands
slapping/clapping	páŋ	pã́	MF_061	Media:061-O_clap(2)_01.wav	Media:061-O_clap(2)_02.wav	hands clapping (possibly other sounds)

Verbs

Gloss	Form	Alt. Trans.	Session	Sound1	Sound 2	notes
dance	fec		JH_005
give	ci'		JH_005
measure	liiƥ		JH_005
lead, be in front	dox		JH_039
share	fog		JH_039
steal	guuɗ		JH_039
attend, be present	maad		JH_039
kill	war		JH_039
be sick	jir		JH_039
circumcise/be circumcised	xucox		JH_039			Don't know which meaning
enter	rok		JH_039
hit	naf		JH_005, ED_033
cultivate	xoox		VW_006, ED_017
urinate	sayid		MF_013
perceive from far off	ʄook		MF_013	Media:013_to_perceive_03.wav		any sensory input seems to work
be strong, tough	saƭik		MF_013	Media:013_be_strong_01.wav		see derived ADJ
blow (wind)	ɓay		ED_017
see	ga’		OAD_008	Media:to_see_01.wav
drink	yer		OAD_008	Media:to_drink_01.wav
eat	ñaam		OAD_008	Media:to_eat_01.wav
sit	moof		OAD_008, JM_014	Media:to_sit_01.wav
look	ɗeet		OAD_008	Media:to_look_01.wav
swim	weʄ		MF_022	Media:022-to_swim_03.wav		often with excrescent final vowel
cough	oqotoox		MF_022	cough_01
vomit	dekox		MF_022	Media:022-to_vomit_01.wav
cut	deg		MF_022	Media:022-to_cut_01.wav		final is likely /g/
crack, break, explode (intr)	gef		MF_022	crack_explode_01
chop (wood)	god		MF_022	Media:022-to_chop_01.wav		final is likely /d/
sleep	ɗaan		KN_015, MF_029	Media:029-to_sleep_03.wav
transplant a seedling	jimb		VW_038
pick (a fruit)	ɗat		JM_014
play	ŋas		JM_014
have	jeg		JM_014
draw a line	piis		JM_021
pick up	naq		JM_030			q or k? (I think q)
fence (in)	ɗing		JM_030
rain	deɓ		JM_030
deshell, shell	xobid		JM_030, MF_045	Media:045-to_shell_03.wav		e.g., of a nut
strip away bark	xoƥit		JM_030
take a big bite	xaƥit		JM_030
chew	ʄax	jax, yax ?	JM_030, OAD_042
come	gar		JM_014, OAD_042	Media:chew_3.wav
draw water from well	ʄew	ɲʄɛw	JM_030, KN_031
go toward	jof		VW_038
be crooked	akam		ED_033			initial vowel?
cry	lool		ED_033, MF_029	Media:029-to_cry_01.wav
defecate	xoom		KN_031
run	ʄuf		KN_031
wash (laundry)	ɗap		KC_025	ToWashLaundry_01
wash	laxaad		KC_025	ToWash_01		washing other things than body, but including hands
wash (body)	ɓog		KC_025	ToWashBody_01	ToWashBody_02	clip 2 features aspiration on g
cook	jaw		KC_027, MF_045	tocook_01.wav	Media:045-to_cook_02.wav	I originally wrote dʒaʋ
dream	ɗaad		MF_029	Media:029-to_dream_03.wav
hunt	xaʄloox		JM_046
jump	fool		JM_046
climb	ŋaay		JM_046
descend	fudoox		JM_046
be pregnant	fud		JM_046
be invincible/impregnable, etc.	xox		JM_046
slap	faɗ		JM_046
look for/search	waaƭ		JM_046
buy	jik		JM_046
sell	jikoox		JM_046
look for, look around	wid		VW_040
go along (e.g. a road)	ɓeer		VW_040
follow	reef		VW_040
be	ref		VW_040, JM_062
stick to	ƭap		VW_040
hold in shirt,clothes	fof		KC_041	ToCarryInShirt_01	ToCarryInShirt_02	related to mbof, pof 'tied bundle(s)'
be spicy/burn	ñaay		JM_048
burn (intr.)	ɗox		JM_048
give	cit		JM_048			means the same as ci’
see	ɗeet		JM_048
notice	ɗeetlooχ		JM_048
go	ret		JM_048
spit	doxoñ		JM_048
spit repeatedly	doxoñoox		JM_048
land a boat/arrive	teer		JM_048
wait for someone	teeroox		JM_048
turn on/light	kaƥin		JM_048			of lights, appliances, fire, etc.
turn on/light, blow	wuɗ		JM_048
be ruined by termites	wuɗ		JM_048			said of wood
burn (intr.)	kaƥ		JM_048			said of fire, “the fire burns”
say	lay		JM_048
go home	xad		JM_048
be clean	xool		JM_048
make a mistake	xal		JM_048
argue	xasir		MF_029	Media:029-to_argue_02.wav		xas + recip.
scold	xas		MF_029	Media:029-to_scold_02.wav
fart	xaas		MF_029	Media:029-to_fart_03.wav
burp	xaraɓ		MF_029	Media:029-to_burp_01.wav
sneeze	disoox		MF_029, OAD_056	Media:029-to_sneeze_02.wav
yawn	xaɓas		MF_029	Media:029-to_yawn_02.wav
be alive	ñoow		MF_029	Media:029-to_be_alive_04.wav
die, be dead	xon		MF_029, OAD_042	Media:029-to_die_02.wav, Media:die_1.wav
boil (intr.)	waʄ		MF_045	Media:045-to_boil_01.wav
boil (trans.)	waʄin		MF_045	Media:045-to_make_boil_01.wav
fry	rosi'		MF_045	Media:045-to_fry_02.wav
land, be blown ashore	ɓakoox		MF_045	Media:045-to_land_02.wav		as would a boat; possibly not transitive; may be derived from ɓak "push aside" in the sense that the boat is blown off course
peel	ɗel		MF_045	Media:045-to_peel_05.wav		as in removing a hard rind that adheres to the flesh; contrast with (de)shell above
push aside	ɓak		MF_045	Media:045-to_push_to_side_02.wav		usu. of food on a plate
shave	ruus		MF_045	Media:045-to_shave_03.wav		see "knife (2)"
sift, sieve	fiɗ		MF_045	Media:045-to_sift_03.wav
farm, plant	duf		OAD_042	Media:farm_1.wav
tangle (trans.)	liw		MF_047			no good sound file
untangle	liwit		MF_047	Media:047-to_untangle_01.wav
be tangled, tangle (intrans.)	liwoox		MF_047	Media:047-to_be_tangled_02.wav
dip, dunk	xooʄ		MF_047	Media:047-to_dip_03.wav		pl. stem -ɴɢɔɔʄ-
sink (1)	mud		MF_047	Media:047-to_sink_01.wav
submerge, make sink	mudin		MF_047	Media:047-to_submerge_03.wav		also throwing or putting into water, e.g. a river
drown	lab		MF_047	Media:047-to_drown_01.wav		can be used for both struggling to swim and dying as a result
mix (intr.), to combine	jaxas		MF-047	Media:047-to_mix_01.wav
mix (trans.)	jaxasir		MF-047	Media:047-to_mix_up_03.wav
be mixed up, tangled	jaxasiroox		MF-047	Media:047-to_be_tangled_01.wav		as in cables or rope balled up
cast, scatter	wis		MF-047	Media:047-to_cast_01.wav		as in throwing seeds or salt
cook over fire	juɗ		MF-047	Media:047-to_cook_over_fire_02.wav		on a grill or rack
dehusk millet	sox		MF-047	Media:047-to_dehusk_millet_02.wav		achieved by grinding
grind millet	'un		MF-047	Media:047-to_grind_millet_02.wav		cf. "mortar for grinding millet"
pound millet seed heads	sug		MF-047	Media:047-to_pound_millet_seeds_01.wav		in order to remove seeds from seed head
grind	ɗok		MF-047	Media:047-to_grind_03.wav		grinding things other than millet, in small mortar and pestle, indoors
put something in	yip		MF-047	Media:047-to_put_into_st_02.wav		into a container
sprinkle	suuy		MF-047	Media:047-to_sprinkle_01.wav		let particulate matter or liquid fall from hand
tie to, up, around	xum		MF-047	Media:047-to_tie(1)_01.wav		e.g. a horse to a fence
knot	dug		MF-047	Media:047-to_tie(2)_02.wav		e.g. a rope to itself, in a knot
to make mistake	xal		ED_055
to weed	xal		ED_055
to bend	tuƭ		ED_055
to rub	duum		KC_055
to fly	yet		OAD_056, MR_069
to make, to do	fi’		OAD_056
to know	and		OAD_056
to believe, to sing	gim		OAD_056
to think 1	yiif		OAD_056, MR_069
to think 2	xalat		OAD_056, MR_069		Wolof word, but more often used than ji:f
to pass, to hand	coox		OAD_056
to pass nearby	jooŋ		OAD_056
find something on the ground	gis		OAD_056
have mouth full	gum		JM_062, MF_061	Media:061-to_fill_mouth.wav		with water or air
dig	gas		JM_062			Wolof borrowing
carry on shoulders	gadoox		JM_062
take offense and leave	xaadoox		JM_062
stay somewhere a few days	gaaɗoox		JM_062			on the way to somewhere else
combine piles of peanuts	gaɗ		JM_062
be something	refin		JM_062
follow someone	reefin		JM_062			reef + in
ride/run (tr.)	ʄufin		JM_062			of a horse: causative of ʄuf ‘run’
walk (tr.)	ñaajin		JM_062			of a horse: causative of ñaaj ‘walk’
walk	ñaaj		JM_062
crawl	ɓood		ED_058
be slippery	ɓodax		ED_058
bow	ʄuug		ED_058
lean	jay		ED_058
swing	jaayoox		ED_058			I have this recorded as "swing" or "balance" -MF
somersault	xalanqox	oox?	ED_058			probably rolling forward
fall	yen		ED_058, MR_069
roll (in a bed)	firkilox	oox?	ED_058			probably rolling over
roll (trans)	saanqoox		ED_058			rel. to a verb saaŋg 'roll (intr.)'?
sprint	wat ojor		ED_065
race	daʔƭatir	presence of glottal stop?	ED_065
limp	laʄ		ED_065			cf "limp" (n)
ask for, almost do something	lac		ED_065
wish, ask	xed		ED_065
finish	paang		VW_054
put	don		VW_054
put into	bek		VW_054			eg. into a pot
scream	wuuq		VW_054			sound file please! -MF
shout	xacox		VW_054			often [χatʃoχ]
renege	xac		VW_054			often [χatʃ]
dig out	‘ut		VW_054			in phrase : ɲɟɛtnɛ aʔuta "sunrise", lit. sun digout. Similar to /‘upit/ ‘un-bury’
lift head/finish/be done	ʄut		VW_054, VW_068
bow head/bend over	ʄuug		VW_054
bend over from above	ayoorox		VW_054
dangle, hang from a height	yoor		VW_054
ripen	fot		VW_068
storm	a’und		VW_068			I think the root is /‘und/ -JM
be clumsy	foderna		VW_068			prob. inflected form, need to get plain
be clumsy	sob		VW_068
wake up (intr.), lengthen (intr.)	yok		OAD_056, MF_061	Media:061-to_wake_up_01.wav
be awake	yokoox		MF_061	Media:061-to_be_awake_01.wav
wake up (trans.); lengthen (trans.)	yokin		MF_061	Media:061-to_wake_someone_up_02.wav		caus. -in > -aan in inflected forms
knot together	dugran		MF_061	Media:061-to_knot_together_03.wav		possibly refl. and caus.: -r-an
tie together	xumran		MF_061	Media:061-to_tie_together_01.wav		possibly refl. and caus.: -r-an
to swish	xugujaañoox		MF_061	Media:061-to_swish_03.wav		with liquid in mouth, to clean
read	jang		JM_076
live somewhere	gen		JM_076			transitive
stand/stop	geenoox		JM_076
to lie	fɛn		MR_069
to float	xumb		MR_069
for night to fall	yeŋ		MR_069
fall	sam		MR_069			only for inanimates

Pronouns

Gloss	form	Alt. Trans.	Sem. Dom.	Session	Sound 1	Sound 2
I	miʔ			OAD_008	Media:I_01.wav
you.sg	woʔ			OAD_008	Media:you_sg_01.wav, Media:you_sg_02.wav
he, she, it	tɛn	tɛnt (?)		OAD_008	Media:she_he_01.wav
we	inoʔ			OAD_008	Media:we_01.wav, Media:we_03.wav
you.pl	nu:n			OAD_008	Media:you_pl_01.wav, Media:you_pl_02.wav
they	den, denɔʔ			OAD_008	Media:they_01.wav, Media:they_02.wav

Adpositions

Gloss	form	Alt. Trans.	Post?	Session	Sound 1	Sound2	Notes
at	onga		yes	JM_021, VW_068			Now I think this just a demonstrative, not a postposition -JM
behind/after	acinj			JM_021, VW_040
amidst/between/surrounded by/inside	ⁿdɛɛr			VW_024
in front of	mbaambir			JM_021, VW_054
over/above/on/up	tok			JM_021, VW_040			used also as adv. "up"
under	ɗoxang	ɗoχaŋ		JM_021
in/inside	kam			JM_021, VW_040
near/by/next to	paam	pam		JM_021, VW_040
behind	ka'taa			VW_040
around	kɛˈʋidna			VW_040
outside	ˈtafil			VW_040			also N "outside"
in front of	adoχ			VW_038 (JH_039)			derived from "leader" N
inside/in between/in the middle	andeer			JM_012, VW_040
at	non			VW_024
toward	ɟof, ɟofin, ɟofna			VW_024
near to	mɛmaʔna			VW_024
far from	mɛgotna			VW_024
to	mɛna, mɛn			VW_054
at	n-			VW_054			eg. noboχolɛ "at the dog"
with	fo			VW_054
before	bala			VW_054
from	χatna no-			VW_068
from	inoorna no-			VW_068
during	anaᵑga			VW_068
during	yɛtɛ			VW_068
during/in	na			VW_068
until	botɛ			VW_068
until	bona			VW_068
until	booyaatɛ			VW_068
in front of	adoχ			VW_040 (JH_039)			derived from "leader" N

Miscellany

Gloss	form	Alt. Trans.	Sem. Dom.	Session	Sound 1	Sound 2
greeting	nam fiyo			MF_002	Media:Hello_02.wav
greeting (contracted)	namo			MF_002	Media:Hello_short_03.wav
thank you	joo kanjal			MF_002	Media:Thankyou_03.wav	Media:Thankyou_04.wav
response to thanks	inambogun			MF_002	Media:Youre_welcome_05.wav	Media:Youre_welcome_04.wav
response to greeting	mexe men			MF_002	Media:Response_to_hello_04.wav
yes	ii, iiyo			OAD_008
no	xa'a			OAD_008

Names

Gloss	form	Alt. Trans.	Sem. Dom.	Session	Sound 1	Sound 2
Malick	maalik			lots
???	jegaan
Elijah	elaaʒi
Abraham	ibrahima
A nickname	aas