Serer lexicon

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Nouns

Gloss Singular Plural Sem. Dom. Alt. Trans. Session Singular Tokens Plural Tokens notes
dog ʔoɓˈoχ ɦaʔˈɓoχ OAD_001 Dog_02.wav, Dogs_01.wav Dog_03.wav, Dogs_03.wav
cat mu:s mu:s(k'ɛ) OAD_001 Cat_01.wav, Cats_01.wav Cat_02.wav, Cats_03.wav
bird ⁿdi:t̚ ti:t' ndiiƭ OAD_001 Bird_03.wav, Birds_02.wav Bird_04.wav, Birds_03.wav
pig ru:l ʔaˈtu:l OAD_001 Pig_02.wav, Pigs_01.wav Pig_03.wav, Media:Pigs_02.wav
insect ˈjɛ:jɛt ˈjɛ:jɛt OAD_001 Media:Insect_01.wav Media:Insect_02.wav
spider ˈapɔˈhɔlæʧ ˈapɔˈhɔlaʧ OAD_001 Media:Spider_03.wav Media:Spider_04.wav
ant ɲɪ:ɲaχ ɲɪ:ɲaχ ɲiinaχ OAD_001 Ant_03.wav Ant_04.wav
butterfly oˈfɪd ˈχapid oˈfɪɗ OAD_001 Butterfly_01.wav Butterfly_02.wav
fruit oˈɓi: χaˈɓi: OAD_001 Media:fruit_sg1.wav, Media:fruit_sg2.wav, Media:fruit_sg3.wav Media:fruit_pl1.wav, Media:fruit_pl2.wav, Media:fruit_pl3.wav
person ʔɔˈkiːn βiːn, ɥiːn MF_002 Person_03.wav People_01.wav, People_05.wav
man ɔˈkʷɔːɾ, ɔˈkʷɔːr goːɾ MF_002, ED_033 Man_01.wav Men_02.wav
fire 'fiɗel 'piɗel JM_004
tree 'ndaχar 'taχar JM_004
town, village 'saatɛ 'saatɛ kɛ, 'ʧaatɛ kɛ JM_004, VW_038 ɪ~ɛ
city 'saatɛ fa'maak 'saatɛ maak kɛ JM_004, VW_038
light lɛ:r JM_004
fence a'ƭiŋg a'ƭiŋg JM_004 Media:040fence_01.wav presence/voicing of final stop? aʔˈɗig - VW 040
name gon a'kon JM_004, VW_038 ʊ~o
sap go:n JM_004, VW_038
drum famb a'pamb JM_004, VW_038 a~ʌ
song a'kim a'kim JM_004, VW_038
salt o'ɟɛm ha'cɛm JM_004, VW_038
rumor ˈonan ˈxanan JH_005 lit. 'instance of hearing'
dance ˈoᵐbɛtʃ ˈhaƥɛtʃ JH_005 is this really implosive? We should check -JM
gift tʃʰɪtʰ tʃʰɪtʰ JH_005
fish lɪƥ ˈlɪƥkɛ JH_005 No regular plural
scale aˈʋas haˈbas JH_005
tail las, ʔaˈlas ˈχalas JH_005, MF_013
fin, spine aˈƈor JH_005, MF_022 Did not elicit plural
boat sukʰ JH_005 Did not elicit plural
feather, wing aˈnaf aˈnaf JH_005, MF_013, JM_014
year oˈhi:d χaˈqi:d VW_006
husband oˈkor gor VW_006, ?
baobab tree ƥa̰:k ƥa̰:k JH_012, MF_045 Media:045-baobab_01.wav
baobab fruit ɓaak ʔaˈƥaak JH_012, MF_045 Media:045-baobab_fruit_02.wav Media:045-baobab_fruits_02.wav
shell, rind ˈɔχɔƥ ˈhaqoƥ JH_012, KC_007 shell_rind_01, shell_rind_02 Also (tree) bark
forest aˈqoƥ JH_012 No plural elicited; see also TextGrid 013
branch aˈnaaq JH_012, VW_038 Media:038branch_01.wav No plural elicited
root aˈƥaƈ aˈƥaƈ JH_012, MF_045 Media:045-root_03.wav
yam haƥ haˈqaƥ JH_012, MF_045 Media:045-yam_01.wav Media:045-yams_01.wav
moss ˈna:ʋos JH_012 No plural
wind aˈƥaɪ ED_017
milk ˈʔɔsis ˈχasis MF_013 Media:013_milk_01.wav Media:013_milks_03.wav
tear ʔoˈɡoːniːtʰ ˈhakoːniːtʰ MF_013 Media:013_tear_03.wav Media:013_tears_02.wav as in crying
phlegm, mucus ˈχaːqɔχ MF_013 Media:013_phlegm_02.wav
urine ˈʔasaiːd̥ʰ MF_013 Media:013_urine_01.wav derived from "urinate", did not elicit PL
feces ɗuŋk MF_013 Media:013_feces_01.wav did not check for plural
feces (pol.) ˈɲaʄlɔχ MF_013 Media:013_feces_polite_03.wav may be more than one word
manure (1) ˈnɛːfaɾɛʔ MF_013 Media:013_manure_02.wav
manure (2) ʔaˈtʌs a'tos MF_013 Media:013_manure_2_02.wav may be derived from some verb [tʌs]
mouse ƈɔːχ ƈɔːχ (maju) MF_013 Media:013-mouse_02.wav initial C contrast with "perceive from far off"
meat ˈndawaɭ ˈtawaɭ MF_013 Media:013_meat_02.wav Media:013_meats_01.wav
fat (as on meat) ɡɾɛːs, ɡɹɛːs MF_013 Media:013_fat_01.wav Media:013_fat_02.wav Fr. "graisse"
horn ʔoˈʤæn ˈχaʧæn MF_013 Media:013_horn_02.wav Media:013_horns_01.wav Also word for side handles on a pot.
hoof ʔoˈfɔχɔs ˈχapɔχɔs MF_013 Media:013_hoof_01.wav Media:013_hooves_01.wav
wing ʔaˈkant ʔaˈkant MF_013, ED_033 Media:013_wing_01.wav see "shoulder"
bracelet nˈɟara VW_011
woman ɔˈtɛw rɛw KC_003 woman_01
water ˈfɔ:fiʔ KC_003 water_01 also the fluid in a blister
river ˈoma:g ˈχama:g KC_003 river_01 rivers_01
ocean oˈmaag-oˌmaak KC_003, VW_038 ocean_01
lake ˈʔambɛ:l KC_003 lake_01
cream, oil ˈʔɔnɛw KC_003 oil_cream_01
dirt, sand, land laŋg laŋke KC_003, KC_041 DirtSandLand_01 DirtsSandsLands_01
mud ˈlo:fin KC_003 mud_01
clay ɗʊk' KC_003 clay_01
domesticated animals mũːˈmin KN_015 "general" term for livestock/domesticated animals of any type; singular not elicited.
pets ˈcɛgɛl KN_015 "personal" term for livestock/domesticated animals; singular not elicited.
lion ˈɲɟogoj ˈcogoj KN_015 masc. and fem. forms formed with words for "man" and "woman"
sheep mbaːl paːl KN_015 irregular masc. form; fem. formed with word for "woman"; homophonous with 'fishing net'
ram suk mbaːl suk' paːl KN_015
ewe ˈmbaːlndɛw KN_015
fishing net mbaːl paːl KN_015 homophonous with word for 'sheep'
vomit ˈʔatɛkʰ MF_022 Media:022-vomit_01.wav
blister jaːf ˈʔajaːf MF_022 Media:022-blister_02.wav Media:022-blisters_02.wav
thing used to swim bɛˈʄir MF_022 Media:022-thing_for_swimming_01.wav see "to swim"; pl. not elicited
bruise, tender spot ˈdiɾig̊ʰ ˈʔatiɾig̊ʰ MF_022 Media:022-bruise_02.wav Media:022-bruises_01.wav
(big) swelling ʔuːtʰ ˈʔaʔuːtʰ MF_022 Media:022-swelling_01.wav Media:022-swellings_01.wav
wound ɗʌj ʔaʔɗ̥ʌj, ʔaƭʌj MF_022 Media:022-wound_02.wav Media:022-wounds_03.wav E.g. knife wound. Stress varies between initial and final.
break, crack ʔɔˈɡɛf ʔaˈkɛf MF_022 Media:022-crack_01.wav Media:022-cracks_03.wav as in a plate or a piece of wood
cough ʔɔˈqɔtɔːχ MF_022 Media:022-to_cough_a_cough_01.wav same as the verb stem, pl. not elicited
snake ˈfaŋgoːɫ ˈpaŋgoːɫ KN_020
rabbit ndoːɭ toːɭ KN_020
worm aˈloːtʰitʰ aˈloːtʰitʰ KN_020
bee ˈŋguːran ˈkuːran KN_020, ED_033
duck aˈkanaːɾaʔ KN_020 no distinct plural form; from Fr. **canard**
elephant ˈfaɲiːkʰ ˈpaɲiːkʰ KN_020
mosquito ƥoːk ƥoːk KN_020
frog faːɓ ˈhapaːɓ KN_020
sun ɲɟɛc' NB_009
moon/month oɴɢɔɔl xaqɔɔl NB_009
day ɲa:l NB_009
week ɲa:l/kɔm ndako:hi:du ɲa:l/kɔm tako:hi:du NB_009
rain ˈatɛɓ̥ NB_009, KC_003
lightning (bolt) ˈoxi:ɲ xaki:ɲ NB_009 singular refers to a single bolt of lightning, plural several
house mbɪnd pɪnd NB_009
window oˡfalantɛ:r xaˡpalantɛ:r NB_009 Fr. loan word, **fênetre**
door ˡɔdɔn oma:x ˡxaton oma:x NB_009 lit. 'mouth of the yard'
room andɔk tɔk NB_018
kitchen ambaw paw NB_018
hair ʋil aˈʋil pl. a'bil ɥil ED_010 hair_01
chest ŋgaŋg ED_010, ED_033
blood fɔˈʔɔj ED_010
spit ˈdɔχɔ:ɲ ED_010
belly ɔˈfʊd ED_010
side, rib(s) ɔˈsa:χ ED_010
belly button daɓ at'aɓ ED_010
leg, foot ɔˈɟaf aˈc'af ED_010
hip aˈƥɛk aˈƥɛk ED_010
head χoχ aˈqoχ VW_006, ED_017 q ~ k, o~ɔ - VW
nose oˈɲis ˈχaɲis ED_017
beard o'ratam χatatam JM_004
tongue, language 'ɗelem a'ƭelem JM_004
bone ˈohi:ƈ ˈaki:ƈ (pl) ˈhaki:ƈ JH_005
mouth, beak ˈodon, oˈdon ˈχatɵn, χaʔˈton (sg) ˈodɵn JH_005, MF_013, ED_017, VW_006
shoulder aˈkaⁿd JH_005 Did not elicit plural; may be same word as "wing"
hand, arm oˈɓaɪ, oˈɓay χaʔˈɓaɪ, χaʔˈɓay ED_017, VW_006
elbow ˈnonoŋɡ χaˈnonoŋɡ VW_006
eye ˈakid, aˈkid ˈakid, aˈkid VW_006, ED_017
nose oˈɲis ˈχaɲis VW_006
lip nˈɟapʼko ˈtʃapʼkoʔ VW_006, ED_017
ear nɔf ˈnɔf, ˈnɔfkɛ, nɔf ˈmayu VW_006, ED_017
eyelid, eyelash ˈɲo:ror VW_006, ED_017
eyebrow oˈɗi:ɗi:k haʔˈɗi:kɗi:k VW_006, ED_017
forehead aˈtaɡɪd ˈakɔχ VW_006
finger ŋgol ƙol qol (NB) JH_012, VW_038
finger, toe ˈnɡol ko̰l qol (NB) VW_006, ED_017, ED_033
butt fuƭ ˈapuƭ JH_012 Also (tree) trunk
skin, hide ɗo:l JH_012 No plural
breast ƭɛːn ƭɛːn MF_013 Media:013_breast_07.wav Media:013_breast_08.wav
muscle ˈɗɔːlɛʔ ˈɗɔːlɛʔ MF_013 Media:013_muscle_01.wav Media:013_muscle_04.wav
biceps ʔʌˈʄɔːχ χaˈʔʄɔːχ MF_013 Media:013_biceps_01.wav Media:013_biceps_pl_01.wav
nail, claw ˈmbambaɲ(c) ˈpambaɲ MF_013, ED_017 Media:013_nail_01.wav Media:013_nails_03.wav "nail" meaning fingernail/toenail
kneecap ˈroʔoi ˈhatoʔoi o'roʔoj VW_011
knee ngubai VW_011 no good recording
ankle ngubaiˈɟara VW_011 lit: "knee bracelet"
stomach, intestine la:u VW_011
throat(s) aˈpɛ̰ɛ̰pʰ --- VW_011
neck oˈtʃokʰ ˈχatʃok VW_011
heart(s), lung(s) χɛɛɲ --- VW_011
heel oˈfaaɗ ˈχaƥaaɗ ED_017
love bugʰ OAD_008 Media:Love_01.wav Media:Love_02.wav note the final stop in "urine"/"urinate" as well
happiness ɗai OAD_008 Media:Happiness_01.wav Media:Happiness_03.wav
sadness judnɔχ OAD_008 Media:Sadness_01.wav Media:Sadness_02.wav, Media:Sadness_03.wav
swim (n) ʔaˈbɛʄ MF_022 Media:022-swim_03.wav "an instance of swimming"
young lady oˈtoog JH_023 Age 15-22
old person oˈnogoj JH_023
seedling ˈcimb VW_038
child onˈdɛɓ, onˌdɛɓanˈdoŋɡ VW_038 no difference found yet
field oˈqol ˈhaqɔl VW_038, KC_007 Media:038field1_01.wav, Media:038field1_02.wav fields_01
glue ˈkol VW_038 Fr. loan
food/life o’ɲoow χa’ɲoow JM_014, MF_029 Media:029-food_life_02.wav
food ‘ɲamel ‘ɲamel JM_014
game faŋas faŋas JM_014
bath ɓɔgɔχ ɓɔgɔχ JM_014
bed nɟɔŋg coŋg JM_014
road aƭat JM_014, VW_038 Media:038road_01.wav, Media:038road_02.wav
chair/bench dumbul atumbul JM_014
something to sit on omoofan JM_014
Sereer person oseereer seereer JM_014
Wolof person oʔolof olof JM_014
Fula person opulaane fulaane JM_014
Jola person oƈoola ʄoola JM_014 check voicing of implosive in pl.
Sose person osoose soose JM_014
place ombiɲ JM_021
wall myyr myyr JM_021
wall ta'baχ JM_021, VW_038 no known diff from maχ
wall maχ JM_021, VW_038 no known diff from taˈbaχ
yard maaχ JM_021
termite maχ JM_021
tomb ‘amboj poj JM_021
hyena oˈmoon hamoon JH_039 same as 'bottle'
bottle oˈmoon hamoon JH_039 same as 'hyena'
friend ˈharit ˈkarit JH_039
enemy oˈnoon noon JH_039
stranger oˈkenar genar JH_039
peer oˈkeⁿd geⁿd JH_039
fellow traveler oˈjoon JH_039 also companion, accompanier; did not elicit plural
leader oˈjaal JH_039 did not elicit plural
trap ᵐbog pog JH_039
thief oˈkuuƭ guuƭ JH_039
thief oˈkuuguuɗ guuguuɗ JH_039
chief oˈmaad JH_039 did not elicit plural
baby oˈŋgek χakek JH_039
foreskin oˈsool JH_039 did not elicit plural
apprentice, learner oˈcaaɟaŋg JH_039
teacher oˈcaaɟaŋgin JH_039
stove/cooking place ndeen teen JM_021
table ataabul JM_021
book a'teere a'teere JM_021
religious book a'kaamir a'kaamir JM_021
shore, beach tefes tefes JM_021
line apiis apiis JM_021
(chess) piece apis JM_021
dead person oqon χon MF_29, JM_030
corpse odal χatal JM_030
corpse ondal χandal JM_030
witch/sorcerer onaq JM_030
cow naak naak animals JM_030 k or q?
time ɉaf acaf JM_030 “Time” as in 1 time, 2 times, etc. (Sp. vez)
dry season ƈiid ƈiid JM_030
rainy season ndiig tiig JM_030
pot ˌakaˈlɛɛra ˌakaˈlɛɛra VW_038, VW_040, MF_045 Media:045-pot_01.wav
beach ˈtɛfɛs VW_038
blanket ᵐbaiɟ VW_024
turtle χɔmb ʔaˈqɔmb animals KN_031
bat aˈɗɛɓ aˈɗɛɓ KN_031
paper kaˈitʰ OAD_026
bottle omo:n OAD_026
rope oˈƥakʰ ˈχaƥak OAD_026, MF_045 Media:045-rope_03.wav Media:045-ropes_01.wav
clothes ˈniraχ clothing KC_025 Clothes_01
sarong paj 'haʔɓaj clothing KC_025 Sarong_01, Sarong_02 Sarongs_01 tense p in singular may be ɓ̥
shirt 'ndookiʔ 'tookiʔ clothing KC_007 Shirt_01 Shirts_01 plural of shirt may be synonymous with clothes ?
shoes '(o)ɲafaʄ̥ 'haɲafaʄ̥ clothing KC_007 Shoe_01, Shoe_02 ? last voiceless consonant
pants ˈoombaɓ̥ paɓ̥ clothing KC_007 PantsSG_01, PantsSG_02 PantsPL_01
hat 'oomaˌhandaʔ ˈhamaˌhandaʔ, ˈχamaˌhandaʔ clothing KC_007 Hat_01, Hat_02 Hats_01
sock ˈ(o)kaʋas ˈhakaʋas clothing KC_007 sock_01, sock_02 socks_01 possible loanword from Wolof or other language
earring ˈ(o)lɔɔŋlɔɔŋ ˈhalɔɔŋlɔɔŋ clothing KC_007 earring_01, earring_02 earrings_01
necklace t͡ʃɛk t͡ʃɛk clothing KC_007 necklace_01 homophonous with chicken, though chicken requires "an article, a-"
chicken ˈat͡ʃɛk animals KC_007 chicken_01 homophonous with necklace, though chicken requires "an article, a-"
tomorrow ˈofɛɛt time KC_025 Tomorrow_01
egg gɪn ˈakɪn animals KC_007 egg_01 eggs_01
seed ʔaχ ʔaχ plants KC_007 seed_01
thorn ŋgiʄ̥ kiʄ̥ plants KC_007 thorn_01.wav, thorn_02 thorns_01 final C is voiceless palatal implosive stop?
field ˈosaaʋiit ˈχasaaʋiit KC_007 fieldALT_01 fieldsALT_01 alternative to oqol
chaperone oⁿdiik VW_040
outside ˈtafil VW_040 also P "outside of"
wooden bowl, pot oˈroon ˈχaʔtoon VW_040, KC_041 WoodenBowl_01 WoodenBowls_01, WoodenBowls_02, bigger bowl. do the plural C's sound retroflex?
wooden bowl, pot aˈsaχal VW_040 WoodenBowl2_01 smaller bowl. sg same as pl
spoon ˈoɓaŋg ˈχaʔɓaŋg KC_041 Spoon_01 Spoons_01 made from a halved hard tree fruit
spoon aˈkuɗuʔ KC_041 Spoon2_01 different from one made from halved hard tree fruit? pl needs to be checked
plate, cover ˈafnir ˈaʔafnir? KC_041 Plate_01 Plates_01 the plural may be just a classifer plus word initial a?
feast mbuut puut KC_041 Feast_01 Feasts_01 no voicing, tense t final c? retroflex?
famine ŋgɛχ ŋgɛɛχ KC_041 Famine_01 no plural, semantically odd, 'when people are starving'
poverty? oɲak KC_041 Poverty_01 'when you don't have anything, when poor'
bucket aˈsiʋoʔ aˈsiʋoʔ KC_041 Bucket_01 french loanwoard
handle ˈdamir oˈdamir KC_041 Handle_01 Handles_01 bucket handle. VOT suggests [d] instead of unaspirated [t]
tied bundle mbof pof KC_041 tied_bundle_01 tied_bundles_01 related to V fof that means to hold in ones shirt,clothes extend out? N like a hobo's bundle with corners tied. Elicited instead of 'bag(s)'
ashes ndaʋ taʋ KC_041 AshesSG_01 AshesPL_01 plural also is debt for item not paid for in full
mountain, stone ɓɪl ˈʔaʔɓɪl KC_041 MtnStone_01 MtnsStones_01 mountain = stone
braid maar haˈmaar bodyparts KC_041 Braid_01 Braids_01
cotton ligitʰ clothing KC_041 Cotton_01
forest burnage oɲaaj JM_048 Not “a forest fire” but an abstract concept
money χaalis χaalis JM_048
cow walker oteefanke deefanke JM_048 Someone hired to walk cows from one place to another after a sale. ke is part of the word, not an article
wood/timber ateχ ateχ JM_048
medicine teχ teχ JM_048
firewood oɉuƭ χacuƭ JM_048
lone tree trunk aqool aqool JM_048 Entire trunk with no branches. I've heard that people use these for storage Faytak 07:05, 5 October 2012 (UTC)
bow (weapon) aqali JM_048 doesn’t include arrow
traditional drink oɴɢalaχ χaχalaχ JM_048 made with millet, peanuts, baobab fruit, sugar
a trip, going atet atet MF_013, JM_048 in euph. "go to the woods," see 013 TextGrid
slap ombaƭ JM_046
cup (1) ʔoˈkop MF_045 Media:045-cup_02.wav Fr. coupe
cup (2) ʔoˈkas MF_045 Media:045-cup(2)_05.wav Fr. tasse (t > k??)
fish hatchling ʔoˈɓak ˈχaƥak MF_045 Media:045-fish_hatchling_02.wav Media:045-fish_hatchlings_03.wav
knife (1) ˈʤapil MF_045 Media:045-knife(1)_02.wav no pl. elicited
knife (2) nduus MF_045 Media:045-knife(2)_01.wav "shaver," from ruus "to shave"
mango (1) ʔɔˈmaŋɡo MF_045 Media:045-mango(1)_01.wav no pl. elicited
mango (2) ʔɔˈmaŋɡaɾoʔ MF_045 Media:045-mango(2)_04.wav no pl. elicited
mortar ʔoˈfaƥ ˈχapaƥ MF_045 Media:045-mortar_01.wav Media:045-mortars_01.wav for crushing millet; large, kept outdoors
pestle ʔaˈʔun ʔaˈʔun MF_045 Media:045-pestle_02.wav for crushing millet; large, kept outdoors
sieve (1) taˈmɛʔ MF_045 Media:045-sieve(1)_01.wav Fr. tamis, no pl. elicited
sieve, sifter (2) nduus MF_045 Media:045-sieve(2)_02.wav no pl. elicited
Péthié peʧ MF_045 Media:045-pethie_01.wav ML's home village; spelling provided by ML
worker oca:ɟal ɟa:ɟal OAD_042 Media:worker_1.wav
reader, studier oca:ɟaŋg ɟa:ɟaŋg OAD_042 Media:studier_01.wav
stealer 1 oku:ɗ̥ oku:guɗ OAD_042 Media:stealer_1_1.wav
stealer 2 gu:ɗ gu:guɗ OAD_042 Media:stealer_2_1.wav
mohawk (circular) duf OAD_042 Media:mohawk_1.wav
planter (1) otu:duf du:duf OAD_042 Media:farmer_1_1.wav
planter (2) oqo:χoχ χo:χoχ OAD_042 Media:farmer_2_1.wav
net mba:l OAD_042 Media:net_1.wav
goat (male) suk fambɛ OAD_042 Media:male_goat_1.wav
goat (female) fambɛ reu OAD_042 Media:female_goat_1.wav
sheep (male) suk mba:l OAD_042 Media:male_sheep_1.wav
sheep (female) mba:l reu OAD_042 Media:female_sheep_1.wav
childless goat odiŋg fambɛ OAD_042 Media:childless_goat_1.wav
baby goat/sheep ombotɛ χapotɛ OAD_042 Media:baby_sheep_1.wav
pebble gac χakac OAD_042 Media:pebble_1.wav
bird ogac χakac OAD_042 Media:bird_special_1.wav a special kind of bird that appears during rainy season (yellow and black feathers)
ring oχɛɗ χaqɛɗ OAD_042 Media:ring_1.wav
crocodile fano:χ apano:χ OAD_042 Media:crocodile_1.wav
gorilla ako:ŋg ako:ŋg OAD_042 Media:gorilla_1.wav
monkey aʔkoj aʔkoj OAD_042 Media:monkey_1.wav
large male monkey aɗaŋgin ataŋgin OAD_042 Media:male_monkey_1.wav

Numerals

Gloss form Alt. Trans. Sem. Dom Session Sound1 Sound 2 notes
one lɛŋk, lɛŋx MF_002 Media:One_01.wav Media:One_02.wav
two ƭikʰ, ɗikʰ MF_002 Media:Two_02.wav Media:Two_03.wav ƭikʰ is counting form; initial voices when quant. certain N
three ˈtadikʰ MF_002 Media:Three_07.wav
four ˈnaɦikʰ, ˈnaɦeɪkʰ MF_002 Media:Four_01.wav Media:Four_04.wav 2nd vowel changes, see session 006
five ˈƥɛtʰikʰ, ˈɓɛtʰikʰ MF_002 Media:Five_02.wav Media:Five_05.wav
six ɓɛˈtʰu ˈfɔ lɛŋ MF_002 Media:Six_03.wav
seven ɓɛˈtʰu ˈʔɗikʰ MF_002 Media:Seven_01.wav
eight ɓɛˈtʰu ˈtadikʰ MF_002 Media:Eight_03.wav
nine ɓɛˈtʰu ˈnaɦekʰ MF_002 Media:Nine_02.wav
ten ˈhaɾˈɓɐɦaj, ˈhaɾɓɦaj MF_002 Media:Ten_02.wav Media:Ten_07.wav

Adjectives and Adverbs

Gloss form Alt. Trans. Sem. Dom. Session Sound1 Sound 2 notes
invincible χɔχ VW_006
a lot ˈmaju VW_006 ALot_01
spoiled (food) aˈfɔt JH_012
dank aˈho:ɲa JH_012
strong, tough ˈsaƭkuʔ saƭko MF_013 tough_01, tough_04 mod. of "meat," means "sinew" or "gristle"; derived from related V
small nɛʋ KC_003 small_01
big ˈmagin KC_003 big_01
big ˈmaak KC_003 see ocean
black ɓa̰ːl KN_015
dead ʔɔˈhɔnuʔ MF_022 as modifies "person"
old 'nogoju JH_023
pretty 'mosu JH_037 "the pretty butterfly" ofiiɗ omosu le
ugly 'parɟu JH_037 "the ugly insect" jeejet parɟu kɛ
red 'jaχgu JH_037
white 'ran JH_037
senile a'naaχaha VW_038
cold (to touch) aɓuuɓa VW_038 Media:038cold(totouch)_01.wav not clear on diff from aɓuta
cold (feeling) ɟoɡon VW_038
cold (to touch) aˈɓuta VW_038 not clear on diff from aɓuuɓa
delicious felu OAD_028
very, a lot aɓaχ OAD_026
bitter χaɗ OAD_028
delicious fɛlu OAD_028
it's correct/right/normal aƭato JM_014 not sure of POS
a little bit oⁿdik VW_040
hot asuˈma VW_040
young ⁿdɛb VW_040
today ‘χaje JM_014
tomorrow (o)feet JM_014
yesterday faak JM_014
here meek JM_014
there (closer) maana JM_014
there (far away) maaga JM_014
now ndiiki JM_014, VW_040
second ɗikander JM_030
small teɓ JM_030 same as "young" above?

Verbs

Gloss form Alt. trans. Session Sound1 Sound 2 notes
dance fɛtʃ JH_005
give tʃʰɪʔ JH_005
measure liiƥ JH_005
lead, be in front doχ JH_039
share fog JH_039
steal guuɗ JH_039
attend, be present maad JH_039
kill ʋar JH_039
be sick ɟir JH_039
circumcise/be circumcised hucoχ JH_039 Don't know which meaning
enter rok JH_039
hit naf JH_005, ED_033
cultivate χɔɔχ VW_006, ED_017
urinate said̥ʰ MF_013
perceive from far off ʄɔːkʰ MF_013 Media:013_to_perceive_03.wav any sensory input seems to work
be strong, tough saʔɗikʰ 'saƭik MF_013 Media:013_be_strong_01.wav see derived ADJ
blow (wind) ɓaɪ ED_017
see gaʔ OAD_008 Media:to_see_01.wav
drink jɛr OAD_008 Media:to_drink_01.wav
eat ɲa:m OAD_008 Media:to_eat_01.wav
sit mo:f OAD_008, JM_014 Media:to_sit_01.wav
look ɗɛ:t OAD_008 Media:to_look_01.wav
swim β̞ɛʄ MF_022 Media:022-to_swim_03.wav often with excrescent final vowel
cough ʔɔˈqɔtɔːχ MF_022 cough_01
vomit ˈdɛkɔχ MF_022 Media:022-to_vomit_01.wav
cut dɛɡ̊ʰ MF_022 Media:022-to_cut_01.wav final is likely /g/
crack, break, explode (intr) ɡɛf MF_022 crack_explode_01
chop (wood) ɡod̥ʰ MF_022 Media:022-to_chop_01.wav final is likely /d/
sleep ˈɗaːn KN_015, MF_029 Media:029-to_sleep_03.wav
transplant a seedling ˈɟimb VW_038
pick (a fruit) ɗat JM_014
play ŋas JM_014
have ɉeg JM_014
draw a line piis JM_021
pick up naq JM_030 q or k? (I think q)
fence (in) ɗing JM_030
rain deɓ JM_030
deshell, shell χobid JM_030, MF_045 Media:045-to_shell_03.wav e.g., of a nut
strip away bark χoƥit JM_030
take a big bite χaƥit JM_030
chew ʄah JM_030
come gar JM_014
draw water from well ʄew ɲʄɛw JM_030, KN_031
go toward ɟof VW_038
be crooked aˈkam ED_033
cry lɔɔl ɭɔɔɭ ED_033, MF_029 Media:029-to_cry_01.wav
defecate χɔɔm KN_031
run ɲːʄuf KN_031
wash (laundry) ɗap KC_025 ToWashLaundry_01
wash ˈlahaad KC_025 ToWash_01 washing other things than body, but including hands
wash (body) ɓog KC_025 ToWashBody_01 ToWashBody_02 clip 2 features aspiration on g
cook ɟaʋ KC_027, MF_045 tocook_01.wav Media:045-to_cook_02.wav I originally wrote dʒaʋ
dream ɗaad MF_029 Media:029-to_dream_03.wav
hunt χaʄlooχ JM_046
jump fool JM_046
climb ŋaaj JM_046
descend fudooχ JM_046
be pregnant fud JM_046
be invincible/impregnable, etc. χoχ JM_046
slap faɗ JM_046
look for/search waaƭ JM_046
buy ɉik JM_046
sell ɉikooχ JM_046
look for, look around ʋid VW_040
go along (e.g. a road) ɓɛɛr VW_040
follow rɛɛf VW_040
be rɛf VW_040
stick to ƭap VW_040
hold in shirt,clothes fof KC_041 ToCarryInShirt_01 ToCarryInShirt_02 related to mbof, pof 'tied bundle(s)'
be spicy/burn ɲaaj JM_048
burn (intr.) ɗoχ JM_048
give cit JM_048 means the same as ciʔ
see ɗeet JM_048
notice ɗeetlooχ JM_048
go ret JM_048
spit doχoɲ JM_048
spit repeatedly doχoɲooχ JM_048
land a boat/arrive teer JM_048
wait for someone teerooχ JM_048
turn on/light kaƥin JM_048 of lights, appliances, fire, etc.
turn on/light, blow wuɗ JM_048
be ruined by termites wuɗ JM_048 said of wood
burn (intr.) kaƥ JM_048 said of fire, “the fire burns”
say laj JM_048
go home χad JM_048
be clean χool JM_048
make a mistake χal JM_048
argue 'χasir MF_029 Media:029-to_argue_02.wav
scold χas MF_029 Media:029-to_scold_02.wav
fart χaas MF_029 Media:029-to_fart_03.wav
burp MF_029 Media:029-to_burp_01.wav
sneeze MF_029 Media:029-to_sneeze_02.wav
yawn MF_029 Media:029-to_yawn_02.wav
be alive ɲɔɔw MF_029 Media:029-to_be_alive_04.wav
be dead χɔn MF_029 Media:029-to_die_02.wav
boil (intr.) waʄ MF_045 Media:045-to_boil_01.wav
boil (trans.) waˈʄin MF_045 Media:045-to_make_boil_01.wav
fry ˈrɔsiʔ MF_045 Media:045-to_fry_02.wav
land, be blown ashore ˈɓakɔɔχ MF_045 Media:045-to_land_02.wav as would a boat; possibly not transitive; may be derived from ɓak "push aside" in the sense that the boat is blown off course
peel ɗɛl MF_045 Media:045-to_peel_05.wav as in removing a hard rind that adheres to the flesh; contrast with (de)shell above
push aside ɓak MF_045 Media:045-to_push_to_side_02.wav usu. of food on a plate
shave ruus MF_045 Media:045-to_shave_03.wav see "knife (2)"
sift, sieve fiɗ MF_045 Media:045-to_sift_03.wav
farm, plant duf OAD_042 Media:farm_1.wav
chew ɟaχ OAD_042 Media:chew_1.wav
die χon OAD_042 Media:die_1.wav

Pronouns

Gloss form Alt. Trans. Sem. Dom. Session Sound 1 Sound 2
I miʔ OAD_008 Media:I_01.wav
you.sg woʔ OAD_008 Media:you_sg_01.wav, Media:you_sg_02.wav
he, she, it tɛn tɛnt (?) OAD_008 Media:she_he_01.wav
we inoʔ OAD_008 Media:we_01.wav, Media:we_03.wav
you.pl nu:n OAD_008 Media:you_pl_01.wav, Media:you_pl_02.wav
they den, denɔʔ OAD_008 Media:they_01.wav, Media:they_02.wav

Adpositions

Gloss form Alt. Trans. Post? Session Sound 1 Sound2 Notes
at onga yes JM_021
behind/after aciⁿɉ JM_021, VW_040
amidst/between/surrounded by/inside ⁿdɛɛr VW_024
in front of mbaambir JM_021
over/above/on/up tok JM_021, VW_040 used also as adv. "up"
under ɗoχang ɗoχaᵑɡ, ɗoχaŋ JM_021
in/inside kam JM_021, VW_040
near/by/next to paam pam JM_021, VW_040
behind ka'taa VW_040
around kɛˈʋidna VW_040
outside ˈtafil VW_040 also N "outside"
inside/in between/in the middle a'ndeer JM_012, VW_040
at non VW_024
toward ɟof, ɟofin, ɟofna VW_024
near to mɛmaʔna VW_024
far from mɛgotna VW_024

Miscellany

Gloss form Alt. Trans. Sem. Dom. Session Sound 1 Sound 2
greeting ˈnam ˈfiɔʔ MF_002 Media:Hello_02.wav
greeting (contracted) ˈnamɔʔ MF_002 Media:Hello_short_03.wav
thank you ˈʤoː kɐˈɲɟɐl, -ɺə MF_002 Media:Thankyou_03.wav Media:Thankyou_04.wav
response to thanks ʔɪˈnʌ ˈmbogʷʊn, -ɣʷ- MF_002 Media:Youre_welcome_05.wav Media:Youre_welcome_04.wav
response to greeting mɛˈɦɛ ˈmɛn MF_002 Media:Response_to_hello_04.wav
yes i: , i:jo OAD_008
no haʔa OAD_008