Derivational Verbal Morphology

Sereer seems to have at least some verbal derivational morphology. So far, we've seen:

• -uʔ / -oʔ, a suffix that takes a stative verb and turns it into an adjective (e.g. saɗik "to be strong, tough" -> saɗkuʔ "strong, tough"; maj "to be many" -> majuʔ "many")
• -ir, a suffix that makes instrument-type nouns from verb stems (e.g. βɛʄ "to swim" --> bɛʄir "thing used to swim")
• -ir, a reciprocal suffix
• -in, a causative suffix (e.g. gɛf "to break, explode (intr.)" --> gɛfin "break it"). Allomorphs -an or -n occur when co-occurring with person marking.
• -ooχ, which seems to be stativizing or anti-causative. Its derived forms are somewhat less consistent than the others.

Verb pairs demonstrating V to V derivation

Suffix involved	Unsuffixed	Gloss	Suffixed	Gloss	Session	notes
-ɔɔχ	ɟik	to buy	ɟikɔɔχ	to sell	JM_046
-lɔɔχ	ɗeet	to see	ɗeetlɔɔχ	to notice	JM_048
-ɔɔχ	dɔχɔɲ	to spit	dɔχɔɲɔɔχ	to spit repeatedly	JM_048
-ɔɔχ	tɛɛr	to land a boat, arrive	tɛɛrɔɔχ	to await a guest	JM_048
-ir	χas	to scold, berate	χasir	to argue	MF_029
-in	waʄ	to boil (intr.)	waʄin	to boil (trans.)	MF_045
-in	mud	to sink	mudin	to make sink, to throw/put into water	MF_047
-ɔɔχ	mud	to sink	mudɔɔχ	to swim down on purpose	MF_047	translation imprecise, seeking clarification
-ɔɔχ	χɔɔʄ	to dip, dunk	χɔɔʄɔɔχ	to dip, dunk into ??	MF_047	translation imprecise; seeking clarification
-ɔɔχ	saang	to roll (trans.)	saangɔɔχ	to roll (intr.)	ED-058
-ir	maaf	to fell, knock down	maafir	to wrestle	NB-057