| Gloss |
Singular |
Plural |
Noun class (sg, pl.) |
Alt. Trans. |
Session |
Singular Tokens |
Plural Tokens |
notes
|
| dog |
oɓox |
xaƥox |
ole, oxe |
|
OAD_001 |
Dog_02.wav, Dogs_01.wav |
Dog_03.wav, Dogs_03.wav
|
| cat |
muus |
muus |
ne, ke |
|
OAD_001 |
Cat_01.wav, Cats_01.wav |
Cat_02.wav, Cats_03.wav
|
| bird |
ndiiƭ |
tiiƭ |
ne, ke |
|
OAD_001 |
Bird_03.wav, Birds_02.wav |
Bird_04.wav, Birds_03.wav
|
| pig |
ruul |
atuul |
le, ake |
|
OAD_001 |
Pig_02.wav, Pigs_01.wav |
Pig_03.wav, Media:Pigs_02.wav
|
| insect |
yeeyet |
yeeyet |
?, ke |
|
OAD_001 |
Media:Insect_01.wav |
Media:Insect_02.wav
|
| spider |
apoxolac |
apoxolac |
le, ? |
|
OAD_001 |
Media:Spider_03.wav |
Media:Spider_04.wav
|
| ant |
ñiinax |
ñiinax |
|
ñiiñax |
OAD_001 |
Ant_03.wav |
Ant_04.wav |
|
| butterfly |
ofiɗ |
xapiɗ |
ole, axe |
|
OAD_001 |
Butterfly_01.wav |
Butterfly_02.wav
|
| fruit |
oɓiy |
xaƥiy |
ole |
oɓii |
OAD_001 |
Media:fruit_sg1.wav, Media:fruit_sg2.wav, Media:fruit_sg3.wav |
Media:fruit_pl1.wav, Media:fruit_pl2.wav, Media:fruit_pl3.wav
|
| person |
okiin |
wiin |
oxe, we |
|
MF_002 |
Person_03.wav |
People_01.wav, People_05.wav
|
| man |
okoor |
goor |
oxe, we |
|
MF_002, ED_033 |
Man_01.wav |
Men_02.wav
|
| fire |
fiɗel |
piɗel |
fe |
|
JM_004 |
|
|
| tree |
ndaxar |
taxar |
ne |
|
JM_004 |
|
|
| town, village |
saate |
saate, caate |
?, ke |
|
JM_004, VW_038 |
|
|
|
| city |
saate famaak |
saate maak (ke) |
|
|
JM_004, VW_038 |
|
|
| light |
leer |
|
|
|
JM_004 |
|
|
| fence |
aƭing |
aƭing |
ale, ? |
|
JM_004 |
Media:040fence_01.wav |
|
|
| name |
gon |
akon |
|
|
JM_004, VW_038 |
|
|
|
| sap |
goon |
|
|
|
JM_004, VW_038 |
|
|
| drum |
famb |
apamb |
|
|
JM_004, VW_038 |
|
|
a~ʌ
|
| song |
akim |
akim |
|
|
JM_004, VW_038 |
|
|
|
| salt |
ojem |
xacem |
|
|
JM_004, VW_038 |
|
|
|
| rumor |
onan |
xanan |
|
|
JH_005 |
|
|
lit. 'instance of hearing'
|
| dance |
ombec |
xaƥec |
|
|
JH_005 |
|
|
is this really implosive? We should check -JM
|
| gift |
cit |
cit |
|
|
JH_005 |
|
|
|
| fish |
liƥ |
liƥ |
|
|
JH_005 |
|
|
|
| scale |
owas |
xabas |
|
|
JH_005 |
|
|
|
| tail |
alas |
alas |
|
|
JH_005, MF_013 |
|
|
|
| fin, spine |
aƈor |
|
|
|
JH_005, MF_022 |
|
|
Did not elicit plural
|
| boat |
suk |
ne |
|
|
JH_005 |
|
|
Did not elicit plural
|
| feather, wing |
anaf |
anaf |
|
|
JH_005, MF_013, JM_014 |
|
|
also "leaf"
|
| year |
oxiid |
xaqiid |
|
|
VW_006 |
|
|
|
| husband |
okor |
gor |
|
|
VW_006, ? |
|
|
|
| baobab tree |
ƥaak |
ƥaak |
ne, ke |
|
JH_012, MF_045 |
Media:045-baobab_01.wav |
|
|
| baobab fruit |
ɓaak |
aƥaak |
le, ake |
|
JH_012, MF_045 |
Media:045-baobab_fruit_02.wav |
Media:045-baobab_fruits_02.wav |
|
| shell, rind |
oxoƥ |
xaqoƥ |
|
|
JH_012, KC_007 |
shell_rind_01, shell_rind_02 |
|
Also (tree) bark
|
| forest |
aqoƥ |
|
|
|
JH_012 |
|
|
No plural elicited; see also TextGrid 013
|
| branch |
anaaq |
|
ale, ? |
|
JH_012, VW_038 |
Media:038branch_01.wav |
|
No plural elicited
|
| root |
aƥaƈ |
aƥaƈ |
|
|
JH_012, MF_045 |
Media:045-root_03.wav |
|
|
| yam |
xaƥ |
xaqaƥ |
|
|
JH_012, MF_045 |
Media:045-yam_01.wav |
Media:045-yams_01.wav |
|
| moss |
naawos |
|
|
|
JH_012 |
|
|
No plural
|
| wind |
aƥay |
|
|
|
ED_017 |
|
|
|
| milk |
osis |
xasis |
|
|
MF_013 |
Media:013_milk_01.wav |
Media:013_milks_03.wav |
|
| tear |
ogoonit |
xakoonit |
|
|
MF_013 |
Media:013_tear_03.wav |
Media:013_tears_02.wav |
as in crying
|
| phlegm, mucus |
xaaqox |
|
|
|
MF_013 |
Media:013_phlegm_02.wav |
|
|
| urine |
asayid |
|
|
|
MF_013 |
Media:013_urine_01.wav |
|
derived from "urinate", did not elicit PL
|
| feces |
ɗung |
|
|
|
MF_013 |
Media:013_feces_01.wav |
|
did not check for plural
|
| feces (pol.) |
ñaʄlox |
|
|
|
MF_013 |
Media:013_feces_polite_03.wav |
|
may be more than one word
|
| manure (1) |
neefaɾe' |
|
|
|
MF_013 |
Media:013_manure_02.wav |
|
|
| manure (2) |
atos |
|
|
|
MF_013 |
Media:013_manure_2_02.wav |
|
from verb tos
|
| mouse |
ƈoox |
ƈoox |
|
|
MF_013 |
Media:013-mouse_02.wav |
|
initial C contrast with "perceive from far off" |
|
| meat |
ndawal |
tawal |
|
|
MF_013 |
Media:013_meat_02.wav |
Media:013_meats_01.wav |
|
| fat (as on meat) |
grees |
|
|
|
MF_013 |
Media:013_fat_01.wav |
Media:013_fat_02.wav |
Fr. "graisse" |
|
| horn |
ojan |
xacan |
|
|
MF_013 |
Media:013_horn_02.wav |
Media:013_horns_01.wav |
Also word for side handles on a pot. |
|
| hoof |
ofoxos |
xapoxos |
|
|
MF_013 |
Media:013_hoof_01.wav |
Media:013_hooves_01.wav |
|
| wing |
akand |
akand |
|
|
MF_013, ED_033 |
Media:013_wing_01.wav |
|
see "shoulder"
|
| bracelet |
njara |
|
|
jara ? |
VW_011 |
|
|
|
| woman |
otew |
rew |
oxe, we |
|
KC_003 |
woman_01 |
women_01 |
|
| water |
foofi’ |
poofi’ |
le |
|
KC_003 |
water_01 |
waters_01 |
also the fluid in a blister
|
| river |
omaag |
xamaag |
ole |
|
KC_003 |
river_01 |
rivers_01 |
|
| ocean |
omaag omaak |
xamaag xamaak |
|
|
KC_003, VW_038 |
ocean_01 |
oceans_01 |
|
| lake |
ambeel |
peel |
|
|
KC_003 |
lake_01 |
lakes_01 |
|
| cream, oil |
‘onew |
xonew |
|
|
KC_003 |
oil_cream_01 |
oils_creams_01 |
|
| cream, oil |
oɗuum |
xaƭuum |
|
|
KC_003 |
oil_cream_01 |
oils_creams_02 |
|
| dirt, sand, land |
lang |
lang |
?, ke |
|
KC_003, KC_041 |
DirtSandLand_01 |
DirtsSandsLands_01 |
|
| mud |
loofin |
|
|
lofin |
KC_003 |
mud_01 |
|
|
| clay |
ɗuk |
|
|
ɗok |
KC_003 |
clay_01 |
|
|
| domesticated animals |
|
mũːˈmin |
|
|
KN_015 |
|
|
"general" term for livestock/domesticated animals of any type; singular not elicited. |
|
| pets |
|
cegel |
|
|
KN_015 |
|
|
"personal" term for livestock/domesticated animals; singular not elicited. |
|
| lion |
njogoy |
cogoy |
|
|
KN_015 |
|
|
masc. and fem. forms formed with words for "man" and "woman" |
|
| sheep |
mbaal |
paal |
|
|
KN_015 |
|
|
irregular masc. form; fem. formed with word for "woman"; homophonous with 'fishing net' |
|
| ram |
suk mbaal |
suk paal |
|
|
KN_015 |
|
|
‘male sheep’
|
| ewe |
mbaal ndew |
|
|
|
KN_015 |
|
|
‘sheep female’
|
| fishing net |
mbaal |
paal |
|
|
KN_015 |
|
|
homophonous with word for 'sheep' |
|
| vomit |
atek |
|
|
|
MF_022 |
Media:022-vomit_01.wav |
|
|
|
| blister |
yaaf |
ayaaf |
|
|
MF_022 |
Media:022-blister_02.wav |
Media:022-blisters_02.wav |
|
|
| thing used to swim |
beʄir |
|
|
|
MF_022 |
Media:022-thing_for_swimming_01.wav |
|
see "to swim"; pl. not elicited |
|
| bruise, tender spot |
dirig |
atirig |
|
|
MF_022 |
Media:022-bruise_02.wav |
Media:022-bruises_01.wav |
|
|
| (big) swelling |
'uut |
a'uut |
|
|
MF_022 |
Media:022-swelling_01.wav |
Media:022-swellings_01.wav |
|
|
| wound |
ɗoy |
aƭoy |
|
|
MF_022 |
Media:022-wound_02.wav |
Media:022-wounds_03.wav |
E.g. knife wound. Stress varies between initial and final. |
|
| break, crack |
ogef |
akef |
ole, ? |
|
MF_022 |
Media:022-crack_01.wav |
Media:022-cracks_03.wav |
as in a plate or a piece of wood |
|
| cough |
oqotoox |
|
|
oqotax |
MF_022, OAD_056 |
Media:022-to_cough_a_cough_01.wav |
|
same as the verb stem, pl. not elicited |
|
| snake |
fangool |
pangool |
fe, ? |
|
KN_020 |
|
|
|
| rabbit |
ndool |
tool |
|
|
KN_020 |
|
|
|
| worm |
alootit |
alootit |
|
|
KN_020 |
|
|
|
| bee |
nguuran |
kuuran |
|
|
KN_020, ED_033 |
|
|
|
| duck |
akanaara’ |
|
|
|
KN_020 |
|
|
no distinct plural form; from Fr. **canard** |
|
| elephant |
fañiik |
(a)pañiik |
fe/le, (a)ke |
|
KN_020 |
|
|
|
| mosquito |
ƥook |
ƥook |
|
|
KN_020 |
|
|
|
| frog |
faaɓ |
xapaaɓ |
|
|
KN_020 |
|
|
|
| sun |
njec |
|
|
|
NB_009 |
|
|
|
| moon/month |
onqool |
xaqool |
|
|
NB_009, VW_054 |
|
|
|
| day |
ñaal |
ñaal |
?, ke |
|
NB_009 |
|
|
|
| week |
ñaal/kom ndakoohiidu |
ñaal/kom takoohiidu |
|
|
NB_009 |
|
|
|
| rain |
ateƥ |
|
|
|
NB_009, KC_003 |
|
|
|
| lightning (bolt) |
oxiiñ |
xakiiñ |
|
check k |
NB_009 |
|
|
singular refers to a single bolt of lightning, plural several |
|
| house |
mbind |
pind |
ne |
|
NB_009 |
|
|
|
| window |
ofalanteer |
xapalanteer |
|
ofalanter |
NB_009 |
|
|
Fr. loan word, **fênetre** |
|
| door |
odon omaax |
xaton omaax |
|
|
NB_009 |
|
|
lit. 'mouth of the yard' |
|
| room |
andok |
tok |
|
|
NB_018 |
|
|
|
| kitchen |
ambaw |
paw |
|
|
NB_018 |
|
|
|
| hair |
wil |
abil |
|
pl. awil ? |
ED_010 |
hair_01 |
|
|
| chest |
ngang |
|
|
|
ED_010, ED_033 |
|
|
|
| blood |
fo’oy |
le, ? |
|
|
ED_010 |
|
|
|
| spit |
doxooñ |
|
|
|
ED_010 |
|
|
|
| belly |
ofud |
|
|
|
ED_010 |
|
|
|
| side, rib(s) |
osaax |
|
|
|
ED_010 |
|
|
|
| belly button |
daɓ |
ataɓ |
|
|
ED_010 |
|
|
|
| leg, foot |
ojaf |
acaf |
|
|
ED_010 |
|
|
|
| hip |
apek |
apek |
|
|
ED_010 |
|
|
|
| head |
xox |
aqox |
|
xoox |
VW_006, ED_017 |
|
|
q ~ k, o~ɔ - VW
|
| nose |
oñis |
xañis |
|
|
ED_017, VW_006 |
|
|
|
| beard |
oratam |
xatatam |
|
|
JM_004 |
|
|
| tongue, language |
ɗelem |
aƭelem |
|
|
JM_004 |
|
|
|
| bone |
oxiiƈ |
akiiƈ |
|
(pl) ˈhaki:ƈ |
JH_005 |
|
|
|
| mouth, beak |
odon |
xaton |
|
(sg) ˈodɵn |
JH_005, MF_013, ED_017, VW_006 |
|
|
|
| shoulder |
akand |
akand |
|
|
JH_005 |
|
|
same word as "wing"
|
| hand, arm |
oɓay |
xaƥay |
|
|
ED_017, VW_006 |
|
|
|
| elbow |
nonong |
xanonong |
|
|
VW_006 |
|
|
|
| eye |
akid |
akid |
|
|
VW_006, ED_017 |
|
|
|
| lip |
njapko |
capko |
|
njaƥko |
VW_006, ED_017 |
|
|
|
| ear |
nof |
nof |
?, ke |
|
VW_006, ED_017 |
|
|
|
| eyelid, eyelash |
ñooror |
|
|
|
VW_006, ED_017 |
|
|
|
| eyebrow |
oɗiiɗiik |
xaƭiikɗiik |
|
check k in pl. |
VW_006, ED_017 |
|
|
|
| forehead |
atagid |
akox |
|
|
VW_006 |
|
|
check plural; looks like ‘heads’ aqox
|
| finger, toe |
ngol |
kol |
|
qol (NB) |
VW_006, ED_017, ED_033, JH_012, VW_038 |
|
|
|
| butt |
fuƭ |
apuƭ |
|
|
JH_012 |
|
|
Also (tree) trunk
|
| skin, hide |
ɗool |
|
|
|
JH_012 |
|
|
No plural
|
| breast |
ƭeen |
ƭeen |
|
|
MF_013 |
Media:013_breast_07.wav |
Media:013_breast_08.wav |
|
| muscle |
ɗoole' |
ɗoole' |
|
|
MF_013 |
Media:013_muscle_01.wav |
Media:013_muscle_04.wav |
|
| biceps |
oʄoox |
xaƈoox |
|
|
MF_013 |
Media:013_biceps_01.wav |
Media:013_biceps_pl_01.wav |
|
| nail, claw |
mbambañ |
pambañ |
|
|
MF_013, ED_017 |
Media:013_nail_01.wav |
Media:013_nails_03.wav |
"nail" meaning fingernail/toenail
|
| kneecap |
oro’oy |
xato’oy |
|
|
VW_011 |
|
|
|
| knee |
ngubay |
|
|
|
VW_011 |
|
|
no good recording
|
| ankle |
ngubay jara |
|
|
|
VW_011 |
|
|
lit: "knee bracelet"
|
| stomach, intestine |
laaw |
|
?, ke |
law |
VW_011 |
|
|
|
| throat(s) |
aˈpɛ̰ɛ̰pʰ |
--- |
|
|
VW_011 |
|
|
|
| neck |
ocok |
xacok |
|
ojok ? |
VW_011 |
|
|
|
| heart(s), lung(s) |
xeeñ |
--- |
|
|
VW_011 |
|
|
|
| heel |
ofaaɗ |
xaƥaaɗ |
|
|
ED_017 |
|
|
|
| love |
bug |
|
|
|
OAD_008 |
Media:Love_01.wav |
Media:Love_02.wav |
note the final stop in "urine"/"urinate" as well
|
| happiness |
ɗay |
|
|
|
OAD_008 |
Media:Happiness_01.wav |
Media:Happiness_03.wav |
|
| sadness |
yudnoox |
|
|
|
OAD_008 |
Media:Sadness_01.wav |
Media:Sadness_02.wav, Media:Sadness_03.wav |
|
| swim (n) |
abeʄ |
|
|
abeƈ |
MF_022 |
Media:022-swim_03.wav |
|
"an instance of swimming" |
|
| young lady |
otoog |
|
|
|
JH_023 |
|
|
Age 15-22
|
| old person |
onogoy |
|
|
|
JH_023 |
|
|
|
| seedling |
cimb |
|
|
|
VW_038 |
|
|
|
| child |
ondeɓ, ondeɓandong |
|
oxe |
|
VW_038, VW_040 |
|
|
no difference found yet
|
| field |
oqol |
xaqol |
ole |
|
VW_038, KC_007 |
Media:038field1_01.wav, Media:038field1_02.wav |
fields_01 |
|
| glue |
kol |
|
|
|
VW_038 |
|
|
Fr. loan
|
| food/life |
oñoow |
xañoow |
|
|
JM_014, MF_029 |
Media:029-food_life_02.wav |
|
|
| food |
ñamel |
ñamel |
|
|
JM_014 |
|
|
check length (from verb ñaam)
|
| game |
faŋas |
faŋas |
|
|
JM_014 |
|
|
|
| bath |
ɓogox |
ɓogox |
|
|
JM_014 |
|
|
|
| bed |
njoŋg |
cong |
|
|
JM_014 |
|
|
|
| road |
aƭat |
|
ale |
|
JM_014, VW_038 |
Media:038road_01.wav, Media:038road_02.wav |
|
|
| chair/bench |
dumbul |
atumbul |
le, ? |
|
JM_014 |
|
|
|
| something to sit on |
omoofan |
|
|
|
JM_014 |
|
|
|
| Sereer person |
oseereer |
seereer |
|
|
JM_014 |
|
|
|
| Wolof person |
o’olof |
olof |
|
|
JM_014 |
|
|
|
| Fula person |
opulaane |
fulaane |
|
|
JM_014 |
|
|
|
| Jola person |
oƈoola |
ʄoola |
|
|
JM_014 |
|
|
check voicing of implosive in pl.
|
| Sose person |
osoose |
soose |
|
|
JM_014 |
|
|
|
| place |
ombiñ |
|
|
|
JM_021 |
|
|
|
| wall |
myyr |
myyr |
ne |
|
JM_021 |
|
|
|
| wall |
tabax |
|
|
|
JM_021, VW_038 |
|
|
no known diff from maχ
|
| wall |
max |
|
|
|
JM_021, VW_038 |
|
|
no known diff from taˈbaχ
|
| yard |
maax |
|
|
|
JM_021 |
|
|
|
| termite |
max |
|
|
|
JM_021 |
|
|
|
| grave/tomb |
amboy |
poy |
ale |
|
JM_021 |
|
|
|
|
| hyena |
omoon |
xamoon |
|
|
JH_039 |
|
|
same as 'bottle'
|
| bottle |
omoon |
xamoon |
|
|
JH_039 |
|
|
same as 'hyena'
|
| friend |
xaarit |
qaarit |
|
|
JH_039 |
|
|
|
| enemy |
onoon |
noon |
|
|
JH_039 |
|
|
|
| stranger |
okenar |
genar |
|
|
JH_039 |
|
|
|
| peer |
okend |
gend |
|
|
JH_039 |
|
|
|
| fellow traveler |
oyoon |
|
|
|
JH_039 |
|
|
also companion, accompanier; did not elicit plural
|
| leader |
oyaal |
|
|
|
JH_039 |
|
|
did not elicit plural
|
| trap |
mbog |
pog |
|
|
JH_039 |
|
|
|
| thief |
okuuƭ |
guuƭ |
|
|
JH_039 |
|
|
|
| thief |
okuuguuɗ |
guuguuɗ |
|
|
JH_039 |
|
|
|
| chief |
omaad |
|
|
|
JH_039 |
|
|
did not elicit plural
|
| baby |
ongek |
xakek |
|
|
JH_039 |
|
|
|
| foreskin |
osool |
|
|
|
JH_039 |
|
|
did not elicit plural
|
| apprentice, learner |
ocaajang |
|
|
|
JH_039 |
|
|
|
| teacher |
ocaajangin |
|
|
|
JH_039 |
|
|
|
| stove/cooking place |
ndeen |
teen |
ne |
|
JM_021 |
|
|
|
| table |
ataabul |
|
ale |
|
JM_021 |
|
|
|
| book |
ateere |
ateere |
le |
ateere’ |
JM_021 |
|
|
|
| religious book |
akaamir |
akaamir |
|
|
JM_021 |
|
|
|
| shore, beach |
tefes |
tefes |
fe |
|
JM_021, VW_038 |
|
|
|
| line |
apiis |
apiis |
ale, ake |
|
JM_021 |
|
|
|
| (chess) piece |
apis |
|
|
|
JM_021 |
|
|
|
| dead person |
oqon |
xon |
|
|
MF_29, JM_030 |
|
|
|
| corpse |
odal |
xatal |
|
|
JM_030 |
|
|
|
| witch/sorcerer |
onaq |
|
|
|
JM_030 |
|
|
|
| cow |
naak |
naak |
le |
|
JM_030 |
|
|
k or q?
|
| time |
jaf |
acaf |
|
|
JM_030 |
|
|
“Time” as in 1 time, 2 times, etc. (Sp. vez)
|
| dry season |
ƈiid |
ƈiid |
|
|
JM_030 |
|
|
|
| rainy season |
ndiig |
tiig |
|
|
JM_030 |
|
|
|
| pot |
akaleera |
akaleera |
le |
|
VW_038, VW_040, MF_045 |
Media:045-pot_01.wav |
|
|
| blanket |
mbaj |
|
ne, ? |
|
VW_024 |
|
|
|
| turtle |
xomb |
aqomb |
|
|
KN_031 |
|
|
|
| bat |
aɗeɓ |
aɗeɓ |
|
|
KN_031 |
|
|
|
| paper |
kaˈitʰ |
|
|
|
OAD_026 |
|
|
|
| bottle |
omoon |
|
|
|
OAD_026 |
|
|
|
| rope |
oƥak |
xaƥak |
ole, axe |
|
OAD_026, MF_045 |
Media:045-rope_03.wav |
Media:045-ropes_01.wav |
|
| clothes |
nirax |
|
|
ñirax |
KC_025 |
Clothes_01 |
|
| sarong |
paj |
'haʔɓaj |
|
check stop |
KC_025 |
Sarong_01, Sarong_02 |
Sarongs_01 |
tense p in singular may be ɓ̥ |
|
| shirt |
ndooki’ |
tooki’ |
ne |
ndoki’, toki’ |
KC_007, JM_062 |
Shirt_01 |
Shirts_01 |
plural of shirt may be synonymous with clothes ? Pretty sure vowel is short -JM |
|
| shoes |
(o)ñafaƭ |
xañafaƭ |
ole, ? |
oñafaƭ |
KC_007 |
Shoe_01, Shoe_02 |
|
? last voiceless consonant |
|
| pants |
ombap |
pap |
|
|
KC_007 |
PantsSG_01, PantsSG_02 |
PantsPL_01
|
| hat |
oomaxanda’ |
xamaxanda’ |
le, ? |
long o? ‘? |
KC_007 |
Hat_01, Hat_02 |
Hats_01 |
|
| sock |
(o)kawas |
xakawas |
|
|
KC_007 |
sock_01, sock_02 |
socks_01 |
possible loanword from Wolof or other language |
|
| earring |
(o)looŋlooŋ |
xalooŋlooŋ |
|
-loŋloŋ |
KC_007 |
earring_01, earring_02 |
earrings_01 |
|
| necklace |
cek |
cek |
|
|
KC_007 |
necklace_01 |
|
homophonous with chicken, though chicken requires "an article, a-" |
|
| chicken |
acek |
|
|
|
KC_007 |
chicken_01 |
|
homophonous with necklace, though chicken requires "an article, a-" |
|
| tomorrow |
ofeet |
|
|
ˈofɛɛƭ |
KC_025 |
Tomorrow_01 |
|
| egg |
gin |
akin |
|
|
KC_007 |
egg_01 |
eggs_01 |
|
|
| seed |
‘ax |
‘ax |
|
|
KC_007 |
seed_01 |
|
|
|
| thorn 1 |
ngiiƈ |
kiiƈ |
ne, ? |
|
KC_007 |
thorn_01.wav, thorn_02 |
thorns_01 |
final C is voiceless palatal implosive stop? |
|
| thorn 2 |
oxiiƈ |
kiiƈ |
|
|
OAD_056 |
|
|
this may be a third version of 'thorns' |
|
| field |
osaawiit |
xasaawiit |
|
|
KC_007 |
fieldALT_01 |
fieldsALT_01 |
alternative to oqol
|
| chaperone |
ondiik |
|
|
|
VW_040 |
|
|
|
| outside |
tafil |
|
|
|
VW_040 |
|
|
also P "outside of"
|
| wooden bowl, pot |
oroon |
xatoon |
|
|
VW_040, KC_041 |
WoodenBowl_01 |
WoodenBowls_01, WoodenBowls_02, |
bigger bowl. do the plural C's sound retroflex? |
|
| medium wooden bowl, pot |
asaxal |
|
|
|
VW_040 |
WoodenBowl2_01 |
|
smaller bowl. sg same as pl |
|
| small wooden bowl, pot |
asaq |
|
|
|
VW_054 |
|
|
|
|
| spoon |
oɓang |
xaƥang |
ole, ? |
|
KC_041 |
Spoon_01 |
Spoons_01 |
made from a halved hard tree fruit |
|
| spoon |
akuɗu’ |
|
|
|
KC_041 |
Spoon2_01 |
|
different from one made from halved hard tree fruit? pl needs to be checked |
|
| plate, cover |
‘afnir |
a’afnir |
|
|
KC_041 |
Plate_01 |
Plates_01 |
the plural may be just a classifer plus word initial a? |
|
| feast |
mbuut |
puut |
|
mbuud, puud |
KC_041 |
Feast_01 |
Feasts_01 |
no voicing, tense t final c? retroflex? |
|
| famine |
ngex |
|
|
ngeex |
KC_041 |
Famine_01 |
|
no plural, semantically odd, 'when people are starving' |
|
| poverty? |
oñak |
|
|
|
KC_041 |
Poverty_01 |
|
'when you don't have anything, when poor' |
|
| bucket |
asiwo’ |
asiwo’ |
|
|
KC_041 |
Bucket_01 |
|
french loanwoard |
|
| handle |
damir |
odamir |
|
sg. tamir |
KC_041 |
Handle_01 |
Handles_01 |
bucket handle. VOT suggests [d] instead of unaspirated [t] |
|
| tied bundle |
mbof |
pof |
ne |
|
KC_041 |
tied_bundle_01 |
tied_bundles_01 |
related to V fof that means to hold in ones shirt,clothes extend out? N like a hobo's bundle with corners tied. Elicited instead of 'bag(s)' |
|
| ashes |
ndaw |
taw |
|
|
KC_041 |
AshesSG_01 |
AshesPL_01 |
plural also is debt for item not paid for in full |
|
| mountain, stone |
ɓil |
aƥil |
le |
|
KC_041 |
MtnStone_01 |
MtnsStones_01 |
mountain = stone |
|
| braid |
maar |
xamaar |
|
|
KC_041 |
Braid_01 |
Braids_01 |
|
|
| cotton |
ligit |
|
|
|
KC_041 |
|
Cotton_01 |
|
|
| forest burnage |
oñaay |
|
|
|
JM_048 |
|
|
Not “a forest fire” but an abstract concept
|
| money |
xaalis |
xaalis |
fe, ke |
|
JM_048 |
|
|
|
| cow walker |
oteefanke |
deefanke |
xe, we |
|
JM_048 |
|
|
Someone hired to walk cows from one place to another after a sale. ke is part of the word, not an article
|
| wood/timber |
atex |
atex |
ale, ake |
ateex |
JM_048, MF_075 |
|
|
|
| medicine |
tex |
tex |
|
teex |
JM_048, MF_075 |
Media:075-medicine_teex.wav |
|
|
| firewood |
ojuƭ |
xacuƭ |
|
long vowel? |
JM_048, ED_055 |
|
|
|
| lone tree trunk |
aqool |
aqool |
|
|
JM_048 |
|
|
Entire trunk with no branches. I've heard that people use these for storage Faytak 07:05, 5 October 2012 (UTC)
|
| bow (weapon) |
aqali |
|
|
|
JM_048 |
|
|
doesn’t include arrow
|
| traditional drink |
onqalax |
xaxalax |
|
|
JM_048 |
|
|
made with millet, peanuts, baobab fruit, sugar
|
| a trip, going |
atet |
atet |
|
|
MF_013, JM_048 |
|
|
in euph. "go to the woods," see 013 TextGrid
|
| slap |
ombaƭ |
|
|
|
JM_046 |
|
|
|
| cup (1) |
okop |
|
ole, ? |
|
MF_045 |
Media:045-cup_02.wav |
|
Fr. coupe
|
| cup (2) |
okas |
|
|
|
MF_045 |
Media:045-cup(2)_05.wav |
|
Fr. tasse (t > k??)
|
| fish hatchling |
oɓak |
xaƥak |
ole |
|
MF_045 |
Media:045-fish_hatchling_02.wav |
Media:045-fish_hatchlings_03.wav |
|
| knife (1) |
japil |
capil |
fe, ke |
|
MF_045, KC_77 |
Media:045-knife(1)_02.wav |
|
no pl. elicited
|
| knife (2) |
nduus |
|
|
|
MF_045 |
Media:045-knife(2)_01.wav |
|
"shaver," from ruus "to shave"
|
| mango (1) |
omango |
|
|
|
MF_045 |
Media:045-mango(1)_01.wav |
|
no pl. elicited
|
| mango (2) |
omangaro' |
|
|
|
MF_045 |
Media:045-mango(2)_04.wav |
|
no pl. elicited
|
| mortar |
ofaƥ |
xapaƥ |
ole |
|
MF_045 |
Media:045-mortar_01.wav |
Media:045-mortars_01.wav |
for crushing millet; large, kept outdoors
|
| pestle |
a'un |
a'un |
|
|
MF_045 |
Media:045-pestle_02.wav |
|
for crushing millet; large, kept outdoors
|
| sieve (1) |
tame' |
|
|
|
MF_045 |
Media:045-sieve(1)_01.wav |
|
Fr. tamis, no pl. elicited
|
| sieve, sifter (2) |
fiɗir |
|
|
|
MF_045 |
Media:045-sieve(2)_02.wav |
|
no pl. elicited
|
| Péthié |
pec |
|
|
|
MF_045 |
Media:045-pethie_01.wav |
|
ML's home village; spelling provided by ML
|
| worker |
ocaajal |
jaajal |
|
|
OAD_042 |
Media:worker_1.wav |
|
|
| reader, studier |
ocaajaŋg |
jaajang |
|
|
OAD_042 |
Media:studier_01.wav |
|
| stealer 1 |
okuuɗ̥ |
okuuguɗ |
|
check final stop |
OAD_042 |
Media:stealer_1_1.wav |
|
| stealer 2 |
guuɗ |
guuguɗ |
|
check |
OAD_042 |
Media:stealer_2_1.wav |
|
| mohawk (circular) |
duf |
|
|
|
OAD_042 |
Media:mohawk_1.wav |
|
| planter (1) |
otuuduf |
duuduf |
|
|
OAD_042 |
Media:farmer_1_1.wav |
|
| planter (2) |
oqooxox |
xooxox |
|
|
OAD_042 |
Media:farmer_2_1.wav |
|
| net |
mbaal |
|
|
|
OAD_042 |
Media:net_1.wav |
|
| goat (male) |
suk fambe |
|
|
s. ˈfambɛʔ |
OAD_042 |
Media:male_goat_1.wav |
|
| goat (female) |
fambe rew |
|
|
ˈfambɛʔ r. |
OAD_042 |
Media:female_goat_1.wav |
|
| sheep (male) |
suk mbaal |
|
|
|
OAD_042 |
Media:male_sheep_1.wav |
|
| sheep (female) |
mbaal rew |
|
|
|
OAD_042 |
Media:female_sheep_1.wav |
|
| childless goat |
oding fambe |
|
|
o. ˈfambɛʔ |
OAD_042 |
Media:childless_goat_1.wav |
|
| baby goat/sheep |
ombote |
xapote |
|
|
OAD_042 |
Media:baby_sheep_1.wav |
|
| pebble |
gac |
xakac |
|
|
OAD_042 |
Media:pebble_1.wav |
|
| bird |
ogac |
xakac |
|
|
OAD_042 |
Media:special_bird_sg_and_pl.wav |
|
a special kind of bird that appears during rainy season (yellow and black feathers)
|
| ring |
oxeɗ |
xaqeɗ |
ole |
|
OAD_042 |
Media:ring_1.wav |
Media:rings_1.wav |
|
| crocodile |
fanoox |
apanoox |
|
|
OAD_042 |
Media:crocodile_1.wav |
Media:crocodiles_1.wav |
|
| gorilla |
akoong |
akoong |
|
|
OAD_042 |
Media:gorilla_1.wav |
|
| monkey |
akoy |
akoy |
|
|
OAD_042 |
Media:monkey_1.wav |
|
| big male monkey |
adangin |
atangin |
|
|
OAD_042 |
Media:male_monkey_1.wav |
Media:male_monkeys_1.wav |
|
| footpad |
dang |
|
|
|
NB_051 |
|
|
bottom of the foot of a dog or canine
|
| ax |
ɓaax |
|
|
|
NB_051 |
|
|
| hammer |
omaxto |
|
|
|
NB_051 |
|
|
Fr. loanword
|
| hammer |
(o)dajir |
(xa)tajir |
|
|
NB_051 |
|
|
The forms without the prefixes were judged to be indefinite, or at least not definite. The unprefixed pl., taɟir was judged to be either sg or pl (i.e. not strictly pl). The prefixed forms were the ones that must be used with a postposed article.
|
| hammer |
(o)dajtir |
(xa)tajtir |
|
|
NB_051 |
|
|
Smth for beating/hammering something appart, where (o)daɟir is for putting something together. Judgements the same as (o)daɟir/(xa)taɟir
|
| watermelon |
xaal |
aqaal |
|
|
ED_055 |
|
|
| a mistake |
kal |
|
|
|
ED_055 |
|
|
| farming |
aqox |
|
|
|
ED_055 |
|
|
| inlet |
aqal |
|
|
|
ED_055 |
|
|
| mangrove |
njas |
cas |
|
|
ED_055 |
|
|
| mangrove seed |
ofulox |
xapulox |
|
|
ED_055 |
|
|
| a bull |
nqoox |
qoox |
|
|
ED_055 |
|
|
| camel |
ngelem |
kelem |
|
|
ED_055 |
|
|
| black pepper |
poobar |
|
|
|
MF_047 |
Media:047-black_pepper_03.wav |
|
Fr. poivre, no pl. elicited
|
| coffee |
kafe |
kafe |
fe |
|
MF_047 |
Media:047-coffee_01.wav |
|
Fr. café
|
| millet dehusking process |
sok |
|
|
|
MF_047 |
Media:047-dehusking_process_01.wav |
|
cf. "dehusk millet", no pl. elicited
|
| garlic |
laaj |
laaj |
|
|
MF_047 |
Media:047-garlic_01.wav |
|
word refers to whole head
|
| goat |
fambe' |
pambe' |
le, ke |
|
MF_047 |
Media:047-goat_02.wav |
Media:047-goats_01.wav |
|
| grille, grate for open fire |
juɗir |
cuɗir |
|
|
MF_047 |
grille |
grilles |
|
| hot pepper |
kaane' |
kaane' |
?, ke |
|
MF_047 |
Media:047-hot_pepper_01.wav |
|
|
| onion |
soble' |
soble' |
?, ke |
|
MF_047 |
Media:047-onion_01.wav |
|
|
| overly energetic person (1) |
sob |
|
|
|
MF_047 |
Media:047-overly_energetic_person_01.wav |
|
no pl. elicited
|
| overly energetic person (2) |
fodaƭar |
|
|
|
MF_047 |
Media:047-overly_energetic_person_03.wav |
|
no pl. elicited; will re-elicit to clarify second stop's voicing
|
| tea (drink) |
ataaya |
ataaya |
fe, ke |
|
MF_047 |
Media:047-tea_01.wav |
|
no pl. elicited
|
| tea (leaves) |
warga |
warga |
fe, ke |
|
MF_047 |
Media:047-tea_leaves_01.wav |
|
no pl. elicited
|
| doctor |
opan |
fan |
|
|
KC_055 |
doctor_01 |
doctors_01 |
|
| hole |
oyuul |
xayuul |
ole |
|
KC_055 |
hole_01 |
holes_01 |
|
| hole (in ground) |
asemb |
asemb |
ale, ake |
|
KC_055, JM_92 |
hole_01 |
|
|
| big hole (in ground) |
ngamb |
kamb |
|
|
KC_055 |
hole_01 |
holes_01 |
I need to check voicing on final C. once file is uploaded.
|
| sickness |
jiir |
aciir |
|
|
KC_055 |
sickness_01 |
sicknesses_01 |
|
| wave |
ayand |
|
|
|
KC_055 |
wave_01 |
|
|
| family |
ƥasil |
ƥasil |
|
|
KC_055 |
family_01 |
|
|
| knot |
dug |
atug |
|
check stops |
KC_055 |
knot_01 |
knots_01 |
|
| chick |
oñuuc |
? |
|
|
OAD_056 |
|
|
|
| jujube (berry) |
oxiic |
xakiic |
|
check k |
OAD_056 |
|
|
|
| wind 1 |
aɓay |
aɓay |
|
|
OAD_056 |
|
|
|
| wind 2 |
ngeñ |
? |
|
|
OAD_056 |
Media:079-wind_ngeñ.wav |
|
|
| sneeze (n) |
disox |
? |
|
disoox |
OAD_056 |
|
|
|
| coarse millet |
kiis |
? |
|
|
OAD_056 |
|
|
|
| finding (n) |
ngis |
? |
|
|
OAD_056 |
|
|
|
| news |
oqas |
|
|
|
JM_062 |
|
|
|
| stick |
oɗong |
xaƭong |
ole, ? |
|
JM_062 |
|
|
|
| large pile of peanuts |
ngaƭ |
kaƭ |
|
|
JM_062 |
|
|
|
| small pile of peanuts |
ofokat |
xapokat |
|
|
JM_062 |
|
|
|
| little brother |
ondeɓ |
|
|
|
JM_062 |
|
|
also sister??
|
| snake ('crawler') |
ƥood |
|
|
|
ED_058 |
|
|
|
| hammock, swing |
njaajaand |
caajaand |
|
|
ED_058 |
|
|
|
| limp |
laƈ |
|
|
|
ED_065 |
|
|
derived from V laʄ 'to limp'
|
| stump |
apanq |
apanq |
le, ? |
|
VW_054 |
|
|
variable with [aˈpaŋg], possibly fang too
|
| belief |
ongim |
|
|
|
VW_054 |
|
|
|
| storm |
‘und |
|
|
|
VW_068 |
|
|
|
| bread |
mbuuru' |
puuru' |
ne, ke |
|
MF_061 |
Media:061-bread_02.wav |
Media:061-breads_01.wav |
typical loaf is long, dense
|
| bundle |
sipran |
asipran |
|
osiprand, xasiprand |
MF_061 |
Media:061-bundle_01.wav |
Media:061-bundles_01.wav |
of millet, two tied half-bundles with untied ends stuck into each other and then tied a third time in the middle
|
| half-bundle |
xumb |
qumb |
|
|
MF_061 |
Media:061-half_bundle_01.wav |
Media:061-half_bundles_01.wav |
of millet, bundle of stalks tied at one end; possibly related to χum "to tie"
|
| grain |
mbep |
pep |
|
|
MF_061 |
Media:061-grain_01.wav |
Media:061-grains_03.wav |
e.g. millet or rice
|
| honey |
yuum |
yuum |
fe, ke |
|
MF_061 |
Media:061-honey_01.wav |
|
|
| oven |
fuur |
fuur, apuur |
fe, ke |
|
MF_061 |
Media:061-oven_01.wav |
Media:061-ovens.wav |
Fr. four
|
| piece, chunk |
oɓek |
χaƥek |
ole, axe |
|
MF_061 |
Media:061-piece_02.wav |
Media:061-pieces.wav |
small; used at least for sugar cubes
|
| storage of millet |
oleer |
|
|
|
MF_061 |
Media:061-storage_of_millet_01.wav |
|
pl. not elicited; unsure of definition, asking later
|
| sugar |
suukar |
suukar |
fe, ke |
|
MF_061 |
Media:061-sugar_01.wav |
|
Fr. sucre; diminutive ˈɲɟuukar, "little bit of sugar"
|
| traditional bread sp. |
tapalapa |
tapalapa |
fe/ne, ke |
|
MF_061 |
Media:061-traditional_bread(2)_01.wav |
|
possibly onomatopoetic, see "slapping/clapping sound". also occurs as modifier in ˈmbuuruʔ ˈtapaˈlapa "bread sp."
|
| god |
roog |
roog |
|
|
JM_076 |
|
|
|
| mother |
ya' |
|
|
|
JM_076 |
|
|
|
| mother |
yaay |
|
|
|
JM_076 |
|
|
|
| Senegal |
senegal |
|
|
|
JM_076 |
|
|
|
| air |
ngeñ |
|
|
ngeeñ |
JM_080 |
|
|
|
| ball |
obal |
|
|
|
JM_080 |
|
|
|
| soup |
sup |
|
|
|
KC_03 |
|
|
|
| millet |
ngaaf |
kaaf |
ne, ke |
|
MF_61 |
|
|
|
| horse |
pis ? |
pis |
?, ke |
|
JM_62 |
|
|
|
| stone |
ɗak |
|
le |
|
KC_77 |
|
|
|
| meal, cooking, dish |
njaw |
caw |
ne, ke |
|
OAD_78 |
|
|
|
| baby |
oxeq |
|
|
|
unrecorded |
|
|
|
| doctor |
doktoor |
|
fe |
|
JM_92 |
|
|
|
| letter (mail) |
oleetar |
|
ole |
|
JM_92 |
|
|
|
| shovel |
apel |
apel |
ale, ake |
|
JM_92 |
|
|
|
| star |
oxoor |
haqoor |
|
hakoor ? |
KC_055 |
star_01 |
stars_01 |
|
| firefly |
melenɗucan |
xamelenɗucan |
|
omelenduƈan (or ʄ?) |
KC_055 |
firefly_01 |
fireflies_01 |
|
| young man (alt) |
oofes |
xoopes |
|
ofes, xapes |
KC_055 |
youngman_01 |
youngmen_01 |
|
| young man |
owaxambaane |
xabaxambaane |
|
|
KC_055 |
youngman_01 |
youngmen_01 |
|
| bell |
oweling |
habeliŋ |
|
oweleng, xabeleng (?) |
KC_073 |
bell_01, bell_02 |
bells_01, bells_02 |
|
