| Gloss |
Singular |
Plural |
Sem. Dom. |
Alt. Trans. |
Session |
Singular Tokens |
Plural Tokens |
notes
|
| dog |
ʔoɓˈoχ |
ɦaʔˈɓoχ |
|
|
OAD_001 |
Dog_02.wav, Dogs_01.wav |
Dog_03.wav, Dogs_03.wav
|
| cat |
mu:s |
mu:s(k'ɛ) |
|
|
OAD_001 |
Cat_01.wav, Cats_01.wav |
Cat_02.wav, Cats_03.wav
|
| bird |
ⁿdi:t̚ |
ti:t' |
|
|
OAD_001 |
Bird_03.wav, Birds_02.wav |
Bird_04.wav, Birds_03.wav
|
| pig |
ru:l |
ʔaˈtu:l |
|
|
OAD_001 |
Pig_02.wav, Pigs_01.wav |
Pig_03.wav, Media:Pigs_02.wav
|
| insect |
ˈjejɛt |
ˈjejɛt |
|
|
OAD_001 |
Media:Insect_01.wav |
Media:Insect_02.wav
|
| spider |
ˈapɔˈhɔlæʧ |
ˈapɔˈhɔlaʧ |
|
|
OAD_001 |
Media:Spider_03.wav |
Media:Spider_04.wav
|
| ant |
ɲɪ:ɲaχ |
ɲɪ:ɲaχ |
|
|
OAD_001 |
Ant_03.wav |
Ant_04.wav |
|
| butterfly |
oˈfɪd |
ˈχapid |
|
oˈfɪɗ |
OAD_001 |
Butterfly_01.wav |
Butterfly_02.wav
|
| fruit |
oˈɓi: |
χaˈɓi: |
|
|
OAD_001 |
|
|
| person |
ʔɔˈkiːn |
βiːn, ɥiːn |
|
|
MF_002 |
Person_03.wav |
People_01.wav, People_05.wav
|
| man |
ɔˈkʷɔːɾ, ɔˈkʷɔːr |
goːɾ |
|
|
MF_002 |
Man_01.wav |
Men_02.wav
|
| fire |
'fidɛl |
|
|
|
JM_004 |
|
|
| tree |
'ndaχar |
'taχar |
|
|
JM_004 |
|
|
| town, village |
'satɪ |
'satɪkɛ, 'ʧ’atɪkɛ |
|
|
JM_004 |
|
|
ɪ~ɛ~e, ˈsaatɛ
|
| city |
'satɪ fa'ma:k |
'satɪ 'ma:kɛ |
|
|
JM_004 |
|
|
| light |
lɛ:r |
|
|
|
JM_004 |
|
|
| fence |
a'ɗiŋk |
a'ɗiŋk |
|
|
JM_004 |
|
|
presence/voicing of final stop?
|
| name |
gʊn |
a'kʊn |
|
|
JM_004 |
|
|
ʊ~o, ɡon - VW
|
| sap |
go:n |
|
|
|
JM_004 |
|
|
| drum |
famb |
a'pamb |
|
|
JM_004 |
|
|
a~ʌ
|
| song |
a'kjim |
a'kjim |
|
|
JM_004 |
|
|
how do you make superscripts? (j)
|
| salt |
o'ɉɪm |
ha'cɛm |
|
|
JM_004 |
|
|
voicing of palatal stop in pl? ɪ~ɛ
|
| rumor |
ˈonan |
ˈxanan |
|
|
JH_005 |
|
|
lit. 'instance of hearing'
|
| dance |
ˈoᵐbɛtʃ |
ˈhaƥɛtʃ |
|
|
JH_005 |
|
|
|
| gift |
tʃʰɪtʰ |
tʃʰɪtʰ |
|
|
JH_005 |
|
|
|
| fish |
lɪƥ |
ˈlɪƥkɛ |
|
|
JH_005 |
|
|
No regular plural
|
| scale |
aˈʋas |
haˈbas |
|
|
JH_005 |
|
|
|
| tail |
las, ʔaˈlas |
ˈχalas |
|
|
JH_005, MF_013 |
|
|
|
| fin, spine |
aˈƈor |
|
|
|
JH_005, MF_022 |
|
|
Did not elicit plural
|
| boat |
sukʰ |
|
|
|
JH_005 |
|
|
Did not elicit plural
|
| feather |
aˈnaf |
aˈnaf |
|
|
JH_005, MF_013 |
|
|
|
| year |
oˈhi:d |
χaˈki:d |
|
|
VW_006 |
|
|
|
| husband |
oˈkor |
|
|
|
VW_006 |
|
|
|
| baobab tree |
ƥa̰:k |
|
|
|
JH_012 |
|
|
No plural elicited
|
| baobab fruit |
ɓa:k |
|
|
|
JH_012 |
|
|
No plural elicited
|
| shell, rind |
ˈɔχɔƥ |
ˈhaqoƥ |
|
|
JH_012 |
|
|
Also (tree) bark
|
| forest |
aˈqoƥ |
|
|
|
JH_012 |
|
|
No plural elicited; see also TextGrid 013
|
| branch |
aˈna:qʰ |
|
|
|
JH_012 |
|
|
No plural elicited
|
| root |
aˈƥaƈ |
|
|
|
JH_012 |
|
|
No plural elicited
|
| yam |
haƥ |
|
|
|
JH_012 |
|
|
No plural elicited
|
| moss |
ˈna:ʋos |
|
|
|
JH_012 |
|
|
No plural
|
| wind |
aˈƥaɪ |
|
|
|
ED_017 |
|
|
|
| milk |
ˈʔɔsis |
ˈχasis |
|
|
MF_013 |
Media:013_milk_01.wav |
Media:013_milks_03.wav |
|
| tear |
ʔoˈɡoːniːtʰ |
ˈhakoːniːtʰ |
|
|
MF_013 |
Media:013_tear_03.wav |
Media:013_tears_02.wav |
as in crying
|
| phlegm, mucus |
ˈχaːqɔχ |
|
|
|
MF_013 |
Media:013_phlegm_02.wav |
|
|
| urine |
ˈʔasaiːd̥ʰ |
|
|
|
MF_013 |
Media:013_urine_01.wav |
|
derived from "urinate", did not elicit PL
|
| feces |
ɗuŋk |
|
|
|
MF_013 |
Media:013_feces_01.wav |
|
did not check for plural
|
| feces (pol.) |
ˈɲaʄlɔχ |
|
|
|
MF_013 |
Media:013_feces_polite_03.wav |
|
may be more than one word
|
| manure (1) |
ˈnɛːfaɾɛʔ |
|
|
|
MF_013 |
Media:013_manure_02.wav |
|
|
| manure (2) |
ʔaˈtʌs |
|
|
|
MF_013 |
Media:013_manure_2_02.wav |
|
may be derived from some verb [tʌs]
|
| mouse |
ƈɔːχ |
ƈɔːχ (maju) |
|
|
MF_013 |
Media:013-mouse_02.wav |
|
initial C contrast with "perceive from far off" |
|
| meat |
ˈndawaɭ |
ˈtawaɭ |
|
|
MF_013 |
Media:013_meat_02.wav |
Media:013_meats_01.wav |
|
| fat (as on meat) |
ɡɾɛːs, ɡɹɛːs |
|
|
|
MF_013 |
Media:013_fat_01.wav |
Media:013_fat_02.wav |
Fr. "graisse" |
|
| horn |
ʔoˈʤæn |
ˈχaʧæn |
|
|
MF_013 |
Media:013_horn_02.wav |
Media:013_horns_01.wav |
|
| hoof |
ʔoˈfɔχɔs |
ˈχapɔχɔs |
|
|
MF_013 |
Media:013_hoof_01.wav |
Media:013_hooves_01.wav |
|
| wing |
ʔaˈkant |
ʔaˈkant |
|
|
MF_013 |
Media:013_wing_01.wav |
|
see "shoulder"
|
| bracelet |
nˈɟara |
|
|
|
VW_011 |
|
|
|
| woman |
ɔˈtɛw |
rɛw |
|
|
KC_003 |
woman_01.wav |
|
|
| water |
ˈfɔ:fiʔ |
|
|
|
KC_003 |
water_01.wav |
|
also the fluid in a blister
|
| river |
ˈoma:g |
ˈχama:g |
|
|
KC_003 |
river_01.wav |
rivers_01.wav |
|
| ocean |
oˈma:g-oˌma:k |
|
|
|
KC_003 |
ocean_01.wav |
|
|
| lake |
ˈʔambɛ:l |
|
|
|
KC_003 |
lake_01.wav |
|
|
| cream, oil |
ˈʔɔnɛw |
|
|
|
KC_003 |
oil_cream_01.wav |
|
|
| dirt, sand |
laŋg |
|
|
|
KC_003 |
dirtsand_01.wav |
|
|
| mud |
ˈlo:fin |
|
|
|
KC_003 |
mud_01.wav |
|
|
| clay |
ɗʊk' |
|
|
|
KC_003 |
clay_01.wav |
|
|
| domesticated animals |
|
mũːˈmin |
|
|
KN_015 |
|
|
"general" term for livestock/domesticated animals of any type; singular not elicited. |
|
| pets |
|
ˈcɛgɛl |
|
|
KN_015 |
|
|
"personal" term for livestock/domesticated animals; singular not elicited. |
|
| lion |
ˈɲɟogoj |
ˈcogoj |
|
|
KN_015 |
|
|
masc. and fem. forms formed with words for "man" and "woman" |
|
| sheep |
mbaːl |
paːl |
|
|
KN_015 |
|
|
irregular masc. form; fem. formed with word for "woman"; homophonous with 'fishing net' |
|
| ram |
suk mbaːl |
suk' paːl |
|
|
KN_015 |
|
|
|
| ewe |
ˈmbaːlndɛw |
|
|
|
KN_015 |
|
|
|
| fishing net |
mbaːl |
paːl |
|
|
KN_015 |
|
|
homophonous with word for 'sheep' |
|
| vomit |
ˈʔatɛkʰ |
|
|
|
MF_022 |
Media:022-vomit_01.wav |
|
|
|
| blister |
jaːf |
ˈʔajaːf |
|
|
MF_022 |
Media:022-blister_02.wav |
Media:022-blisters_02.wav |
|
|
| thing used to swim |
bɛˈʄir |
|
|
|
MF_022 |
Media:022-thing_for_swimming_01.wav |
|
see "to swim"; pl. not elicited |
|
| bruise, tender spot |
ˈdiɾig̊ʰ |
ˈʔatiɾig̊ʰ |
|
|
MF_022 |
Media:022-bruise_02.wav |
Media:022-bruises_01.wav |
|
|
| (big) swelling |
ʔuːtʰ |
ˈʔaʔuːtʰ |
|
|
MF_022 |
Media:022-swelling_01.wav |
Media:022-swellings_01.wav |
|
|
| wound |
ɗʌj |
ʔaʔɗ̥ʌj, ʔaƭʌj |
|
|
MF_022 |
Media:022-wound_02.wav |
Media:022-wounds_03.wav |
E.g. knife wound. Stress varies between initial and final. |
|
| break, crack |
ʔɔˈɡɛf |
ʔaˈkɛf |
|
|
MF_022 |
Media:022-crack_01.wav |
Media:022-cracks_03.wav |
as in a plate or a piece of wood |
|
| cough |
ʔɔˈqɔtɔːχ |
|
|
|
MF_022 |
Media:022-to_cough_a_cough_01.wav |
|
same as the verb stem, pl. not elicited |
|
| snake |
ˈfaŋgoːɫ |
ˈpaŋgoːɫ |
|
|
KN_020 |
|
|
|
| rabbit |
ndoːɭ |
toːɭ |
|
|
KN_020 |
|
|
|
| worm |
aˈloːtʰitʰ |
aˈloːtʰitʰ |
|
|
KN_020 |
|
|
|
| bee |
ˈŋguːran |
ˈkuːran |
|
|
KN_020 |
|
|
|
| duck |
aˈkanaːɾaʔ |
|
|
|
KN_020 |
|
|
no distinct plural form; from Fr. **canard** |
|
| elephant |
ˈfaɲiːkʰ |
ˈpaɲiːkʰ |
|
|
KN_020 |
|
|
|
| mosquito |
ƥoːk |
ƥoːk |
|
|
KN_020 |
|
|
|
| frog |
faːɓ |
ˈhapaːɓ |
|
|
KN_020 |
|
|
|
| sun |
ɲɟɛc' |
|
|
|
NB_009 |
|
|
|
| moon/month |
oŋgɔl |
xaqɔl |
|
|
NB_009 |
|
|
|
| day |
ɲa:l |
|
|
|
NB_009 |
|
|
|
| week |
ɲa:l/kɔm ndako:hi:du |
ɲa:l/kɔm tako:hi:du |
|
|
NB_009 |
|
|
|
| rain |
ˈatɛɓ̥ |
|
|
|
NB_009 |
|
|
|
| lightning (bolt) |
ˈoxi:ɲ |
xaki:ɲ |
|
|
NB_009 |
|
|
singular refers to a single bolt of lightning, plural several |
|
| house |
mbɪnd |
pɪnd |
|
|
NB_009 |
|
|
|
| window |
oˡfalantɛ:r |
xaˡpalantɛ:r |
|
|
NB_009 |
|
|
Fr. loan word, **fênetre** |
|
| door |
ˡɔdɔn oma:x |
ˡxaton oma:x |
|
|
NB_009 |
|
|
lit. 'mouth of the yard' |
|
| room |
andɔk |
tɔk |
|
|
NB_018 |
|
|
|
| kitchen |
ambaw |
paw |
|
|
NB_018 |
|
|
|
| hair |
ʋil |
aˈʋil |
|
ɥil |
ED_010 |
|
|
|
| chest |
ŋgaŋg |
|
|
|
ED_010 |
|
|
|
| blood |
fɔˈʔɔj |
|
|
|
ED_010 |
|
|
|
| spit |
ˈdɔχɔ:ɲ |
|
|
|
ED_010 |
|
|
|
| belly |
ɔˈfʊd |
|
|
|
ED_010 |
|
|
|
| side, rib(s) |
ɔˈsa:χ |
|
|
|
ED_010 |
|
|
|
| bellybutton |
daɓ |
at'aɓ |
|
|
ED_010 |
|
|
|
| leg, foot |
ɔˈɟaf |
aˈc'af |
|
|
ED_010 |
|
|
|
| hip |
aˈƥɛk |
aˈƥɛk |
|
|
ED_010 |
|
|
|
| hand, arm |
oˈɓaɪ |
χaʔˈɓaɪ |
|
|
ED_017 |
|
|
|
| head |
χɔχ |
aˈqɔχ |
|
|
VW_006, ED_017 |
|
|
q ~ k - VW
|
| nose |
oˈɲis |
ˈχaɲis |
|
|
ED_017 |
|
|
|
| beard |
o'ratam |
'χata,tam |
|
|
JM_004 |
|
|
| tongue, language |
'ɗelem |
a'ɗelem |
|
|
JM_004 |
|
|
implosive? 'dɛlɛm?
|
| bone |
ˈohi:ƈ |
ˈaki:ƈ |
|
(pl) ˈhaki:ƈ |
JH_005 |
|
|
|
| mouth, beak |
ˈodon |
ˈχatɵn |
|
(sg) ˈodɵn |
JH_005, MF_013, ED_017 |
|
|
|
| shoulder |
aˈkaⁿd |
|
|
|
JH_005 |
|
|
Did not elicit plural; may be same word as "wing"
|
| arm, hand |
oˈɓay |
haʔˈɓay |
|
|
VW_006 |
|
|
|
| hand |
oˈɓay |
haʔˈɓay |
|
|
VW_006 |
|
|
|
| elbow |
ˈnonoŋɡ |
χaˈnonoŋɡ |
|
|
VW_006 |
|
|
|
| finger, toe |
ˈnɡol |
ko̰l |
|
|
VW_006, ED_017 |
|
|
|
| eye |
ˈakid, aˈkid |
ˈakid, aˈkid |
|
|
VW_006, ED_017 |
|
|
|
| nose |
oˈɲis |
ˈχaɲis |
|
|
VW_006 |
|
|
|
| lip |
nˈɟapʼko |
ˈtʃapʼkoʔ |
|
|
VW_006, ED_017 |
|
|
|
| mouth |
oˈdon |
haʔˈton |
|
|
VW_006 |
|
|
|
| ear |
nɔf |
ˈnɔf, ˈnɔfkɛ, nɔf ˈmayu |
|
|
VW_006, ED_017 |
|
|
|
| eyelid, eyelash |
ˈɲo:ror |
|
|
|
VW_006, ED_017 |
|
|
|
| eyebrow |
oˈɗi:ɗi:k |
haʔˈɗi:kɗi:k |
|
|
VW_006, ED_017 |
|
|
|
| forehead |
aˈtaɡɪd |
ˈakɔχ |
|
|
VW_006 |
|
|
|
| finger |
ŋgol |
ƙol |
|
|
JH_012 |
|
|
|
| butt |
fuƭ |
ˈapuƭ |
|
|
JH_012 |
|
|
Also (tree) trunk
|
| skin, hide |
ɗo:l |
|
|
|
JH_012 |
|
|
No plural
|
| breast |
ƭɛːn |
ƭɛːn |
|
|
MF_013 |
Media:013_breast_07.wav |
Media:013_breast_08.wav |
|
| muscle |
ˈɗɔːlɛʔ |
ˈɗɔːlɛʔ |
|
|
MF_013 |
Media:013_muscle_01.wav |
Media:013_muscle_04.wav |
|
| biceps |
ʔʌˈʄɔːχ |
χaˈʔʄɔːχ |
|
|
MF_013 |
Media:013_biceps_01.wav |
Media:013_biceps_pl_01.wav |
|
| nail, claw |
ˈmbambaɲ(c) |
ˈpambaɲ |
|
|
MF_013, ED_017 |
Media:013_nail_01.wav |
Media:013_nails_03.wav |
"nail" meaning fingernail/toenail
|
| kneecap |
ˈroʔoi |
ˈhatoʔoi |
|
|
VW_011 |
|
|
|
| knee |
ngubai |
|
|
|
VW_011 |
|
|
no good recording
|
| ankle |
ngubaiˈɟara |
|
|
|
VW_011 |
|
|
lit: "knee bracelet"
|
| stomach, intestine |
la:u |
|
|
|
VW_011 |
|
|
|
| throat(s) |
aˈpɛ̰ɛ̰pʰ |
--- |
|
|
VW_011 |
|
|
|
| neck |
oˈtʃokʰ |
ˈχatʃok |
|
|
VW_011 |
|
|
|
| heart(s), lung(s) |
χɛɛɲ |
--- |
|
|
VW_011 |
|
|
|
| heel |
oˈfaaɗ |
ˈχaƥaaɗ |
|
|
ED_017 |
|
|
|
| love |
bugʰ |
|
|
|
OAD_008 |
Media:Love_01.wav |
Media:Love_02.wav |
note the final stop in "urine"/"urinate" as well
|
| happiness |
ɗai |
|
|
|
OAD_008 |
Media:Happiness_01.wav |
Media:Happiness_03.wav |
|
| sadness |
judnɔχ |
|
|
|
OAD_008 |
Media:Sadness_01.wav |
Media:Sadness_02.wav, Media:Sadness_03.wav |
|
| swim (n) |
ʔaˈbɛʄ |
|
|
|
MF_022 |
Media:022-swim_03.wav |
|
"an instance of swimming" |
|
| young lady |
oˈtoog |
|
|
|
JH_023 |
|
|
Age 15-22
|
| old person |
oˈnogoj |
|
|
|
JH_023 |
|
|
|
