Ararahih'urípih
A Dictionary and Text Corpus of the Karuk Language

Karuk Dictionary

by William Bright and Susan Gehr (© Karuk Tribe)

This is the public version of Ararahih'urípih. Click here for the password-protected private version (which includes some restricted-access text content).


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ishímfir / ishimfira- brave, tough (of a person)

Dictionary Entry
lexicon ID #2961 | revised Dec 03 2014

ishímfir / ishimfira- ADJ • brave, tough (of a person)

Literally: 'hot-flesh'

Derivation íish imfir  (= íish imfir-a)
flesh hot  (= flesh be.hot-DEVERB)

Source: WB 690.1, p.350

  • ishímfiras páchishiih. The dogs are mean. [Reference: JPH "Grammar" 154]
  • naa ník káru ishímfir. I'm tough too. [Reference: WB 18: The Perils of Weasel 054]


Short recording (1) | Sentence examples (11)

  1. ishímfira "tough" (spoken by Vina Smith)
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