Ararahih'urípih
A Dictionary and Text Corpus of the Karuk Language

Karuk Dictionary

by William Bright and Susan Gehr (© Karuk Tribe)

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ishímfir / ishimfira- brave, tough (of a person)

Dictionary Entry
lexicon ID #2961 | revised Dec 03 2014

ishímfir / ishimfira- • ADJ • brave, tough (of a person)

Literally: 'hot-flesh'

Derivation:  íish imfir  (= íish imfir-a)
flesh hot  (= flesh be.hot-DEVERB)

Source: WB 690.1, p.350

  • ishímfiras páchishiih. The dogs are mean. [Reference: JPH "Grammar" 154]
  • naa ník káru ishímfir. I'm tough too. [Reference: WB 18: The Perils of Weasel 054]

Short recording (1) | Sentence examples (11)


Display mode: sentence | word | word components

  1. hãã    vúrava    ishimfirákuupha    vaa   
    yes    just    big.happening    so   
    Yes, (it was) a big happening.
    Source: Julian Lang, Vina Smith, Conversation: Julian's Day (JL-VS-01) | read full text
    Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

  2. pa'áraaras    kúnish    koovúra    pa'ishímfir    kuma'áraaras   
    the.men    sort.of    all    the.tough    kind.of.men   
    Those guys are all tough guys.
    Source: Sonny Davis, Sentences about body parts, etc. (SD-01) | read full text
    Spoken by Sonny Davis | Download | Play

  3. naa    vúra    ishímfir   
    1sg.    Intensive    brave   
    I am really tough.
    Source: Vina Smith, Sentences: adjectives (VS-27) | read full text
    Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

  4. íim    káru    ishímfir   
    2sg.    also    brave   
    You are tough, too.
    Source: Vina Smith, Sentences: adjectives (VS-28) | read full text
    Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

  5. naa    vúra    ishímfir    íim    káru    ishímfir   
    1sg.    Intensive    brave    2sg.    also    brave   
    I am tough and you are tough, too.
    Source: Vina Smith, Sentences: adjectives (VS-28) | read full text
    Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

  6. uum    vaa    ishímfir   
    3.SG    that    brave   
    She is tough.
    Source: Vina Smith, Sentences: adjectives (VS-28) | read full text
    Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

  7. íim    káru    ishímfir   
    2sg.    also    brave   
    You are tough, too.
    Source: Vina Smith, Sentences: adjectives (VS-28) | read full text
    Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

  8. xás    âanxus    upíip    naa    ník    káru    ishímfir   
    then    weasel    he.said    1sg.    a.little    also    brave   
    And Weasel said, "I'm tough too."
    Source: Lottie Beck, "The Perils of Weasel" (WB_KL-18) | read full text

  9. kári    xás    uum    káru    ishímfir    âanaxus   
    then    then    3.SG    also    brave    weasel   
    And Weasel was tough, too.
    Source: Mamie Offield, "The Perils of Weasel" (WB_KL-19) | read full text

  10. yukún    uum    káru    ishímfir    asaxêevar    veekxaréeyav   
    you.see    3.SG    also    brave    mossy    its.spirit   
    You see, Baldy Peak Spirit was tough too.
    Source: Mamie Offield, "Shinny Game Medicine" (WB_KL-54) | read full text