Ararahih'urípih
A Dictionary and Text Corpus of the Karuk Language

Karuk Dictionary

by William Bright and Susan Gehr (© Karuk Tribe)

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ishímfir / ishimfira- brave, tough (of a person)

Dictionary Entry
lexicon ID #2961 | revised Dec 03 2014

ishímfir / ishimfira- ADJ • brave, tough (of a person)

Literally: 'hot-flesh'

Derivation íish imfir  (= íish imfir-a)
flesh hot  (= flesh be.hot-DEVERB)

Source: WB 690.1, p.350

  • ishímfiras páchishiih. The dogs are mean. [Reference: JPH "Grammar" 154]
  • naa ník káru ishímfir. I'm tough too. [Reference: WB 18: The Perils of Weasel 054]


Short recording (1) | Sentence examples (11)


Display mode: sentence | word | word components

  1. hãã   vúra-va   ishimfirá-kuupha   vaa  
    yes   just-that   brave-doing   so  
    Yes, (it was) a big happening.
    Source: Julian Lang, Vina Smith, Conversation: Julian's Day (JL-VS-01) | read full text
    Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play
  2. pa-'áraar-as   kúnish   koovúra   pa-'ishímfir   kuma-'áraar-as  
    the-human-PL   sort.of   all   the-brave   3sPOSS-human-PL  
    Those guys are all tough guys.
    Source: Sonny Davis, Sentences about body parts, etc. (SD-01) | read full text
    Spoken by Sonny Davis | Download | Play
  3. naa   vúra   ishímfir  
    1sg.   Intensive   brave  
    I am really tough.
    Source: Vina Smith, Sentences: adjectives (VS-27) | read full text
    Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play
  4. íim   káru   ishímfir  
    2sg.   also   brave  
    You are tough, too.
    Source: Vina Smith, Sentences: adjectives (VS-28) | read full text
    Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play
  5. naa   vúra   ishímfir   íim   káru   ishímfir  
    1sg.   Intensive   brave   2sg.   also   brave  
    I am tough and you are tough, too.
    Source: Vina Smith, Sentences: adjectives (VS-28) | read full text
    Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play
  6. uum   vaa   ishímfir  
    3.SG   that   brave  
    She is tough.
    Source: Vina Smith, Sentences: adjectives (VS-28) | read full text
    Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play
  7. íim   káru   ishímfir  
    2sg.   also   brave  
    You are tough, too.
    Source: Vina Smith, Sentences: adjectives (VS-28) | read full text
    Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play
  8. xás   âanxus   u-píip   naa   ník   káru   ishímfir  
    then   weasel   3s(>3)-say   1sg.   a.little   also   brave  
    And Weasel said, "I'm tough too."
    Source: Lottie Beck, "The Perils of Weasel" (WB_KL-18) | read full text
  9. kári   xás   uum   káru   ishímfir   âanaxus  
    then   then   3.SG   also   brave   weasel  
    And Weasel was tough, too.
    Source: Mamie Offield, "The Perils of Weasel" (WB_KL-19) | read full text
  10. yukún   uum   káru   ishímfir   asaxêevar   v-eekxaréeyav  
    you.see   3.SG   also   brave   mossy   3sPOSS-spirit.person  
    You see, Baldy Peak Spirit was tough too.
    Source: Mamie Offield, "Shinny Game Medicine" (WB_KL-54) | read full text