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1. káruma    tá    íp    kunpikyaarat    paxuun    in.fact    PERF    PAST    they.finished    the.acorn.mush

   Already they had cooked the acorn mush. Source: Margaret Harrie, "The Ten Young Men who Became the Pleiades" (DAF_KT-02) | read full text

2. xas    upíip    "páy    xas    íp    napakyâat    then    he.said    this    then    PAST    I.was.lucky

   And he answered, "Oh! I just had luck with it, that's all!" Source: Margaret Harrie, "The Ten Young Men who Became the Pleiades" (DAF_KT-02) | read full text

3. xas    upíip    "vup'áfiv    tákurukrivan    hitíhaan    íp    napáknitsurunat    then    he.said    base.of.the.neck    coiled    always    PAST    I.plucked.it.off

   And the old man answered, "I pulled if off out of the back of my neck where the hair is so curly, you know." Source: Margaret Harrie, "The Ten Young Men who Became the Pleiades" (DAF_KT-02) | read full text

4. xas    kun'ipêer    "papihníich    íp    nik    nuxusat    tharampukayaa'íshara    then    they.said    old.man    PAST    a.little    we.thought    extremely.good.acorn.soup

   Then one of them said, "Old man, we have been thinking about what a good cook you are!" Source: Margaret Harrie, "The Ten Young Men who Became the Pleiades" (DAF_KT-02) | read full text

5. aayâach    kun'ixviphûunishti    íp    pa'úthvoonhitihat    va'íhuk    tá    kun'ithyúruvarak    pamútraax    kich    kun'áaphutih    it.was.because    they.were.angry.at.him    PAST    that.he.had.been.eager.to    its.flower.dance    PERF    they.dragged.him.down    the.his.arms    only    they.were.carrying.(two.objects)

   That was because they were mad at him because he had wanted to dance. They they dragged him down, they were just carrying him (by) the arms". Source: Margaret Harrie, "The Ten Young Men who Became the Pleiades" (DAF_KT-02) | read full text

6. íp    vúra    nik    nixútihat    kíri    nivik    ítam    pâanpay    tá    na'ûuriha    PAST    Intensive    a.little    I.thought    I.wish    I.weave    earlier.today    after.while    PERF    I.get.lazy

   I'm always thinking I'll weave, then I get lazy. Source: Violet Super, Grace Davis, Madeline Davis, Conversation: Weaving (GD-MD-VSu-01) | read full text Spoken by Madeline Davis | Download | Play

7. íp    niyrúhat    kunish    á'    PAST    I.rolled.it.up    sort.of    above

   I'd kinda rolled it up. Source: Violet Super, Grace Davis, Madeline Davis, Conversation: Weaving (GD-MD-VSu-01) | read full text Spoken by Violet Super | Download | Play

8. víri    vaa    mu'íffuth    pirishkyâarim    ta    'íp    uum    máruk    kúkkuum    kári    vaa    kunkúpha'anik    peekxaréeyav    atipimámvaan    achvúun    xákkaan    kunváththêen'nik    so    so    after.it    grizzly    PERF    PAST    3.SG    uphill    again    then    so    they.did.that.way    the.First.People    buzzard    hookbill.salmon    both    they.fought

   Then after Grizzly Bear was already up the hill, again the Ikxareyavs did it, Buzzard and Hookbill had a fight. Source: Yaas, "How Buzzard Became Bald" (JPH_KT-01b) | read full text

9. káruma    íp    íshpuk    upachnútantihat    in.fact    PAST    dentalium.shells    he.went.to.suck.

   He was going to suck dentalia, he was on the way. Source: Phoebe Maddux, "Coyote Starts for Klamath Lakes, East Roasted Grasshoppers, Floats Down River and Marries Two Girls" (JPH_KT-05) | read full text

10. íp    nimáhat    pamiheerahappírish    PAST    I.saw.it    your.tobacco.leaves

    I saw your good for nothing tobacco weeds. Source: Phoebe Maddux, Morphology of the Tobacco Plant: The Plant (JPH_TKIC-III.5.A) | read full text

11. papúsihich    íp    tu'ávat    the.cat    PAST    it.has.eaten

    The cat just ate. Source: Vina Smith, Sonny Davis, Sentences about perception, animals, verb tenses (SD-VS-01) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

12. xúun    íp    ni'av    acorn.soup    PAST    I.ate.it

    I ate acorn soup. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences: questions (VS-03) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

13. xúun    íp    ni'ávat    acorn.soup    PAST    I.ate.it

    I ate acorn soup. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences: questions (VS-03) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

14. puxích    íp    neekvúrishrihat    máh’iit    payêem    uum    yáv    nipmahóonkoonatih.    very.much    PAST    I.was.tired    morning    now    3.SG    good    I.am.feeling

    I was tired this morning, but now I am feeling good. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about personal states (VS-04) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

15. máh’iit    tá    néep    neekvúrishrihat.    morning    PERF    1SG-PAST    I.was.tired

    I was tired this morning. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about personal states (VS-04) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

16. máh’iit    íp    naxúrihitihat    payêem    uum    punaxúrihitihara    morning    PAST    I.was.hungry    now    3.SG    I.am.not.hungry

    I was hungry this morning, but now I am not hungry. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about personal states (VS-05) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

17. máh’iit    íp    naxúrihitihat    morning    PAST    I.was.hungry

    I was hungry this morning. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about personal states (VS-05) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

18. púsihich    íp    îikam    uvâaram    cat.(dimin.)    PAST    outdoors    it.went.away

    The cat left. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about personal states (VS-06) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

19. ipít    íp    îikam    pûuvish    utháaniv.    yesterday    PAST    outdoors    bag    it.sits

    Yesterday there was a bag outside. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences with words for accent (VS-07) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

20. ipít    íp    pûuvish    îikam    utháaniv.    yesterday    PAST    bag    outdoors    it.sits

    Yesterday there was a bag outside. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences with words for accent (VS-07) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

21. ipít    íp    îikam    pachíshiih    úkrii    yesterday    PAST    outdoors    the.dog    it.(animate).sits

    There was a dog outside yesterday. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about possession, locatives; words for consonants and accent (VS-08) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

22. vaa    káan    íp    nikvêeshrihat    peekrívraamak    that    there    PAST    I.stayed.the.night    at.the.house

    I stayed the night at that house. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about possession, locatives; words for consonants and accent (VS-08) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

23. íp    nimáhat    pa'ávansa    PAST    I.saw.him    the.man

    I saw the man. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences with relative clauses, negation, commands (VS-09) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

24. pa'ávansa    íp    nimáhat    Orleans    úkrii    the.man    PAST    I.saw.him    Orleans    he.lives

    I saw the man who lives in Orleans. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences with relative clauses, negation, commands (VS-09) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

25. pa'ávansa    Orleans    úkrii    îin    íp    namáhat    the.man    Orleans    he.lives    TOPIC    PAST    I.saw.him

    The man who lives in Orleans saw me. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences with relative clauses, negation, commands (VS-09) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

26. pa'ávansa    Orleans    úkrii    íp    îin    namáhat    the.man    Orleans    he.lives    PAST    TOPIC    I.saw.him

    The man who lives in Orleans saw me. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences with relative clauses, negation, commands (VS-09) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

27. vaa    íp    nichuphûunishti    pa'ávansa    that    PAST    I.talk.to.him    the.man

    I talked to that man. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences with relative clauses, negation, commands (VS-09) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

28. ipít    íp    îikam    pa'achnaat    úkrii    yesterday    PAST    outdoors    the.rat    it.(animate).sits

    There was a rat outside yesterday. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences with words for accent (VS-10) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

29. ipít    íp    îikam    úkrii    pa'achnaat    yesterday    PAST    outdoors    it.(animate).sits    the.rat

    There was a rat outside yesterday. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences with words for accent (VS-10) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

30. ipít    íp    îikam    pa'ákviish    ukrêet    yesterday    PAST    outdoors    the.bobcat    it.(animate).sat

    There was a bobcat outside yesterday. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences with words for accent (VS-10) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

31. ipít    íp    îikam    pa'ákviish    úkrii    yesterday    PAST    outdoors    the.bobcat    it.(animate).sits

    There was a bobcat outside yesterday. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences with words for accent (VS-10) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

32. vaa    íp    káan    ukyamîichvutih    xás    tóo    kxip    so    PAST    there    he.is.playing    then    he.has    fly

    He was playing there but he flew (away). Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about spatial relations (VS-13) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

33. pavírusur    íp    nimah    the.bear    PAST    I.see.it

    I saw the bear. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about animals, questions (VS-14) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

34. naa    íp    niyúfishhat    papufích'iish    1sg.    PAST    I.salt.it    the.deer.meat

    I put salt on the deer meat. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences: questions and answers, verb tenses (VS-17) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

35. You know    xás    vaa    ip    máath    poo'áhoo    You know    then    that    PAST    heavy    that.he.walked

    You know, it was heavy to carry. Source: Vina Smith, I'll Never Forget Those Days (VS-22) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

36. vaa    vúra    ip    pa'aapúnmuti    vaa    vúra    kich    vaa    kuméekrii    so    Intensive    PAST    you.know.it    so    Intensive    only    so    kind.of.life

    We only knew that kind of living. Source: Vina Smith, Washing (VS-24) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

37. íp    poo'íf    xás    vúra    vaa    ikpíhan    PAST    when.he.grew.up?    then    Intensive    that    strong

    Growing up he was strong. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about looking and feeling a certain way (VS-32) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

38. íp    peevôonfuruk    íp    kúnish    vaa    ifuráthfiptih    PAST    when.you.entered.the.house    PAST    sort.of    that    you.were.cranky

    It seemed like you were cranky when you came in. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about looking and feeling a certain way (VS-32) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

39. íp    u'áasishrihat    PAST    she.laid.down

    She lay down. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about looking and feeling a certain way (VS-32) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

40. íp    u'áasishriheen    kúnish    vaa    puyáv    ipmahóonkoonatihara    PAST    she.laid.down    sort.of    that    not.good    you.are.not.feeling

    She laid down, she wasn't feeling good. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about looking and feeling a certain way (VS-32) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

41. íp    poovôonfuruk    uksáahtih    PAST    when.she.came.in.the.house    she.was.laughing

    When she came in the house she was laughing. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about looking and feeling a certain way (VS-32) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

42. ipít    ip    máruk    uvâaramat    yesterday    PAST    uphill    he.went

    He went uphill yesterday. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about rocks and trees. (VS-34a) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

43. papúsihich    vúra    uum    taay    ip    u'ávat    ipit    the.cat    Intensive    3.SG    much    PAST    it.ate    yesterday

    The cat ate a lot yesterday. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about a cat (VS-34b) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

44. papúsihich    ip    taay    tu'ávat    the.cat    PAST    much    it.had.eaten

    The cat has already eaten a lot. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about a cat (VS-34b) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

45. pûuhara    papúsihich    ip    taay    tu'ávat    no    the.cat    PAST    much    it.had.eaten

    No, the cat as already eaten a lot. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about a cat (VS-34b) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

46. ipít    ip    nikyámiichva    yesterday    PAST    I.play

    Yesterday I was playing. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about feeling cold, playing, and getting old (VS-35b) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

47. yeee    káruma    íp    nípaat    tu'áhooheen    pihnêefich    well    in.fact    PAST    I.said    he.has.arrived    coyote

    Well! I said Coyote had come! Source: Nettie Ruben, "Coyote's Homecoming" (WB_KL-02) | read full text

48. tá    íp    nipshívshaapat    panini'afupchúrax    PERF    PAST    I.sealed.it.up    my.anus

    I've sealed up my anus." Source: Chester Pepper, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-03) | read full text

49. hinupáy    íp    pa'axváha    mûuk    upsívshaapat    hinupáy    vaa    poo'iinkútih    surprise    PAST    the.pitch    with.(by.means.of)    he.sealed.it.up    surprise    that    that.it.was.burning

    There it was the pitch he had sealed it with that was burning. Source: Chester Pepper, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-03) | read full text

50. xás    íp    táay    áan    usáanvutihat    káruma    vaa    íp    uvúpareeshat    pamúspuk    then    PAST    much    string    he.was.carrying.it    in.fact    that    PAST    he.was.going.to.string.his.money.with.it    his.money

    He was carrying a lot of thread, that's what he was going to string his money with. Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-04) | read full text

51. kári    xás    kunpíip    pa'îin    kun'áharamutih    naa    nipêesh    vaa    pa'ípa    ikmaháchraam    kúkreenhat    then    then    they.said    who    they.were.chasing.him    1sg.    I.will.say    that    who.(in.the.recent.past)    sweathouse    one.who.stayed

    Then the ones chasing him said, "I'll bet that was him who was in the sweathouse." Source: Mamie Offield, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-05) | read full text

52. kári    xás    vaa    káan    xás    utníshukva    tée    p    u'aramsîiprihvarak    then    then    so    there    then    he.looked.out    PERF    PAST    he.came.down.from.upriver

    And when he looked out there, he had already come down from upriver. Source: Mamie Offield, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-05) | read full text

53. xás    pihnêefich    u'aachíchha    xás    upíip    kúnish    íp    nípaat    pamú'aan    uum    káan    úkyiimeesh    then    coyote    he.was.happy    then    he.said    sort.of    PAST    I.said    his.string    3.SG    there    it.will.go.through.the.air

    And Coyote was glad, and he said, "I sort of said his string would reach there!" Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote Goes to the Sky" (WB_KL-08) | read full text

54. xás    pihnêefich    uum    tá    íp    káruk    u'árihroovat    then    coyote    3.SG    PERF    PAST    upriver    he.went.upriver

    And Coyote went upriver. Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote Steals Fire" (WB_KL-10) | read full text

55. káruma    íp    uum    tóo    yuunkat    ahtúun    pamufithih'ípan    in.fact    PAST    3.SG    he.had    put.them.in    oak.bark    his.toes

    He had put oak bark in his toes. Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote Steals Fire" (WB_KL-10) | read full text

56. chavúra    koovúra    ixráam    upikyafipáyaachha    pa'ípa    kóo    kinpáxeepat    finally    all    bet    he.wins.back    recently    as.much.as    they.won.from.them

    Finally he won back all the stakes, as much as they had won away. Source: Chester Pepper, "Coyote's Gambling Song" (WB_KL-13) | read full text Spoken by Chester Pepper | Download | Play

57. xás    upiip    uumkun    tée    p    kun'ákunvarat    then    he.said    they    PERF    PAST    they.went.hunting

    And he said, "They've gone hunting." Source: Julia Starritt, "The Hair in the Soup" (WB_KL-21) | read full text

58. pa'arákaas    íp    îin    kinípeerat    kiik'íchunvi    the.old.man    PAST    TOPIC    he.told.us    you.guys.hide.yourselves!

    The old man told us to hide. Source: Julia Starritt, "The Hair in the Soup" (WB_KL-21) | read full text

59. víri    íp    nuxúsaat    vaa    kukupá'aapunmaheesh    vaa    íp    kúth    panupaathrámnihat    pa'ásipak    so    PAST    we.thought    so    you.will.know.it.in.that.way    so    PAST    because.of    that.we.threw.them.in.them    in.the.baskets

    We thought you would know it in that way, that's why we threw them in the baskets." Source: Julia Starritt, "The Hair in the Soup" (WB_KL-21) | read full text

60. yiimúsich    úhyiivti    chú    páy    axíich    pipúniich    táay    íp    imafúnvaansa    little.ways.off    he.was.shouting    here!    this    child    salmon.tail    much    PAST    beggars

    Some distance (from home) he was shouting, "Here, children, this is the tail! There were a lot of beggars." Source: Lottie Beck, "The Greedy Father" (WB_KL-23) | read full text

61. kúkuum    vúra    úhyiv    chú    páy    axíich    pipúniich    táay    íp    imafúnvaansa    again    Intensive    he.shouted    here!    this    child    salmon.tail    much    PAST    beggars

    Again he shouted, "Here, children, this is the tail! There were a lot of beggars." Source: Lottie Beck, "The Greedy Father" (WB_KL-23) | read full text

62. xás    kunthítiv    sáruk    úhyiivtih    chú    páy    axíich    pipúniich    táay    íp    imafúnvaansa    then    they.heard.him    downhill    he.was.shouting    here!    this    child    salmon.tail    much    PAST    beggars

    Then they heard him, he was shouting downhill, "Here, children, this is the tail! There were a lot of beggars." Source: Lottie Beck, "The Greedy Father" (WB_KL-23) | read full text

63. vúrava    kári    úhyiivti    chú    páy    axíich    pipúniich    táay    íp    imafúnvaansa    just    then    he.was.shouting    here!    this    child    salmon.tail    much    PAST    beggars

    He was still shouting like that, "Here, children, this is the tail! There were a lot of beggars." Source: Lottie Beck, "The Greedy Father" (WB_KL-23) | read full text

64. ôok    íp    nithítiimtihat    póoxaaktih    here    PAST    I.heard    that.it.was.sounding

    Formerly I heard them sounding from here. Source: Mamie Offield, "Duck Hawk and His Wife" (WB_KL-27) | read full text

65. kári    xás    siit    upiip    naa    íp    nipasúpiichvat    pasôomvaan    ti'ípasuk    then    then    mouse    he.said    1sg.    PAST    I.revealed    that.a.new.wife    you.were.bringing.back

    Then Mouse said, "I revealed that you were bringing home a new wife. Source: Mamie Offield, "Duck Hawk and His Wife" (WB_KL-27) | read full text

66. yakún    táay    vúra    íp    úmkaanvat    you.see    much    Intensive    PAST    she.gathered

    You see, she gathered a lot. Source: Julia Starritt, "The Bear and the Deer" (WB_KL-32) | read full text

67. kári    xás    kun'áv    papúufich    niinamíchmahich    kun'av    ipa    u'áxupfurukat    then    then    they.ate    the.deer    a.little.bit.of.each    they.ate    PAST    he.brought.dressed.deermeat.inside

    Then they ate the deer, they ate a little bit of each, which he had brought in dressed. Source: Mamie Offield, "How Deer Meat Was Lost and Regained" (WB_KL-33) | read full text

68. íp    kanéepeerat    xáyfaat    ôok    inaa    PAST    they.told.me    don't!    here    you.go.upriver

    They told me, 'Don't go up there.'" Source: Lottie Beck, "The Story of Madrone" (WB_KL-35) | read full text

69. ayu'âach    pa'ifápiit    tée    p    xákaan    kunikvéeshrihat    it.was.because    the.young.woman    PERF    PAST    both    they.spent.the.night

    It is because he spent the night with the girl. Source: Lottie Beck, "The Story of Madrone" (WB_KL-35) | read full text

70. vírusur    uum    tá    íp    u'ípakat    bear    3.SG    PERF    PAST    she.returned

    Bear had already come back home. Source: Nettie Ruben, "The Story of Bear" (WB_KL-40) | read full text

71. váa    kúuk    ukvíripma    pa'ípa    unhíshriihvat    pa'áthiith    so    to.there    she.ran.toward    Where.recent.past    she.tied.down    the.hazel.branches

    She ran there where she had tied the hazel branches. Source: Mamie Offield, "The Devil and the Girl" (WB_KL-64) | read full text

72. kári    xás    upiip    áp    ná'aathvat    víri    tá    ni'ípak    then    then    he.said    PAST    I.was.afraid    so    PERF    I.came.back

    And she said, "I was afraid, so I came back." Source: Mamie Offield, "The Devil and the Girl" (WB_KL-64) | read full text

73. xás    uthvuyâanati    ípa    kóo    kunípeerat    ikvan    then    he.was.naming    PAST    all    they.said    buy

    And he was naming all that they had told him to buy. Source: Julia Starritt, "How the Rube Family Was Named" (WB_KL-66) | read full text

74. xás    koovúra    tupipshinvárihva    péethvuy    ípa    kunípeerat    ikvan    then    all    he.forgot    the.name    PAST    they.said    buy

    And he forgot all the names that they had told him to buy. Source: Julia Starritt, "How the Rube Family Was Named" (WB_KL-66) | read full text

75. tée    p    ás    upárishat    PERF    PAST    rock    they.had.heated.them

    They had already heated rocks. Source: Nettie Ruben, "Making Acorn Soup" (WB_KL-74) | read full text

76. káruk    íp    nifyúkutihat    ítam    upriver    PAST    I.was.going.around    earlier.today

    Earlier today I was going around upriver. Source: Julia Starritt, "A Blow-out" (WB_KL-91) | read full text

77. xás    ipvárakirak    panini'ahtákni    pamuyukúku    íp    umátnuusat    then    on.the.way.back.downriver    my.car    its.shoe    PAST    it.burst

    And on the way back down from upriver, my tire burst. Source: Julia Starritt, "A Blow-out" (WB_KL-91) | read full text