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1. pahûutva    kóo    yaas'ára    u'íinahaak    vaa    vúra    kóo    itíhan    kuméekxaram    nanitúnviiv    vaa    pay'ôok    kun'írunaatiheesh    however    as.much.as    rich.person    when.it.exists    so    Intensive    as.much.as    always    its.night    my.children    so    right.here    they.will.pass

   As long as people live, every night my children will pass right here. Source: Margaret Harrie, "The Ten Young Men who Became the Pleiades" (DAF_KT-02) | read full text

2. kari    xás    ni'íripkurih    matée    kumayaayaach    then    then    I.dug.down    later    its.better

   The farther down I dug the better luck I had. Source: Benonie Harrie, "How I Found Gold" (DAF_KT-05b) | read full text

3. karu    kâakum    kumatupichas-háyaachas    xakinivki'itráhyar    chávura    nimma    koovura    also    some    its.quite.small.ones    seventy    finally    I.found.them    all

   Then there were a lot of smaller ones, so that in the end I had seventy dollars in all. Source: Benonie Harrie, "How I Found Gold" (DAF_KT-05b) | read full text

4. viri    kúna    vúra    ithyárukirukam    kumavîitkir    chími    ukfúkuvravish    so    in.addition    Intensive    on.other.side.of.river    its.ridge    soon    he.will.climb.over

   He was about to climb over the ridge on the other side of the creek. Source: Benonie Harrie, "A Hunting Yarn" (DAF_KT-05c) | read full text

5. matêe    kumamáathkich    later    its.heaviness

   Later, it became heavier. Source: Benonie Harrie, "A Hunting Yarn" (DAF_KT-05c) | read full text

6. unuhyâachhiruva    kúma    u'árihishrih    pananí'iithva    víri    natakníihshurootih    too.round    3sPOSS    it.becomes    the.my.pack    so    it.keeps.rolling.off.me

   My pack was becoming too round, so it kept rolling off me. Source: Benonie Harrie, "A Hunting Yarn" (DAF_KT-05c) | read full text

7. I have to be like    fâat    kumakêemish    poo'iithvútihanik    fâatva    I have to be like    what    kind.of.animal    they.packed.them.up    something

   I'll be like ... some kind of animal to pack them, something ... Source: Violet Super, Grace Davis, Madeline Davis, Conversation: Weaving (GD-MD-VSu-01) | read full text Spoken by Violet Super | Download | Play

8. nuu    vúra    yith    va'áraar    yith    kuma'áraaras    we    Intensive    other    its.people    other    kind.of.people

   We're different people, a different kind of people, Source: Violet Super, Grace Davis, Madeline Davis, Conversation: Weaving (GD-MD-VSu-01) | read full text Spoken by Violet Super | Download | Play

9. koovúra    váa    kári    kuníkshuuphanik    kumákuusrah    pakári    kun'ípaktiheesh    kumákuusrah    all    so    then    long.ago.they.decided    that.month    that.time    they.would.come.back    that.month

   And all [the Salmon] fixed the month, the month they will come back. Source: Yaas, "How Fish were Transformed" (JPH_KT-07) | read full text

10. xas    uum    vúra    hitíhaan    kumasúpaa    poopȋiriihiti    pamu'ávan    paxuun    then    3.SG    Intensive    always    its.day    that.she.was.saving.it.for.him    her.husband    the.acorn.soup

    She was saving acorn soup all the time every day for her man. Source: Abner's mother, "Crow Woman and her Neglectful Husband" (JPH_KT-08) | read full text

11. pakoovúra    pananuppírish    puyíththaxay    vúra    kúnish    vaa    kumeekyâahara    peheeraha'íppa    vúra    chishihpurith'íppa    kích    vaa    kúnish    kuméekyav    pa'apxantîich    îin    tá    kinippêer    that.of.all    our.plant    not.a.single.one    Intensive    sort.of    that    it.is.not.the.kind.of.make    the.tobacco.plant    Intensive    black.nightshade.plant    only    that    sort.of    kind.of.make    the.white.man    TOPIC    PERF    he.said.to.us

    Of All Karuk plants the Black Nightshade is Most Like Tobacco, the Whites Tell Us Source: Phoebe Maddux, Of All Karuk plants the Black Nightshade is Most Like Tobacco, the Whites Tell Us (JPH_TKIC-III.3) | read full text

12. nuu    vúra    pakuma'áraaras    vúra    pufâat    úhish    ipsháruktihaphanik    xáat    máruk    kunifyúkutihanik    we    Intensive    the.kind.of.people    Intensive    nothing    seed    they.had.been.bringing.it.long.ago    may    uphill    they.had.been.going.around.long.ago

    Our kind of people never used to pack seed home, I do not care if they had been going around upslope. Source: Phoebe Maddux, They Knew That Seeds Will Grow (JPH_TKIC-IV.3) | read full text

13. purafâat    vúra    káru    kuma'úhish    utháamhítihaphanik    vúra    iheeraha'úhish    vúra    kích    kuniyâatihanik    nothing    Intensive    also    kind.of.seed    they.were.not.planting.it.long.ago    Intensive    tobacco.seed    Intensive    only    they.were.gathering.it.long.ago

    And they never sowed any kinds of seeds, they operated only with the tobacco seeds. Source: Phoebe Maddux, But They Never Packed Seeds Home (JPH_TKIC-IV.4) | read full text

14. purafâat    vúra    káru    kuma'úhish    iinâak    táayhitihanik    vúra    ihêeraha    kích    iheeraha'úhish    vúra    kich    nothing    Intensive    also    kind.of.seed    indoors    have.been.many.long.ago    Intensive    tobacco    only    tobacco.seed    Intensive    only

    And they never had any kind of seeds stored in the houses, only the tobacco, the tobacco seeds. Source: Phoebe Maddux, But They Never Packed Seeds Home (JPH_TKIC-IV.4) | read full text

15. pa'áraaras    kúnish    koovúra    pa'ishímfir    kuma'áraaras    the.men    sort.of    all    the.tough    kind.of.men

    Those guys are all tough guys. Source: Sonny Davis, Sentences about body parts, etc. (SD-01) | read full text Spoken by Sonny Davis | Download | Play

16. fâat    kuma'áv    poo'áamtih    what    kind.of.food    that.he.is.eating.it

    What kind of food is he eating? Source: Sonny Davis, Sentences about cooking (SD-03) | read full text Spoken by Sonny Davis | Download | Play

17. fâat    kuma'áv    what    kind.of.food

    What kind of food is it? Source: Vina Smith, Sentences: questions (VS-16) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

18. fâat    kuma'áv    peemnísheesh    what    kind.of.food    that.you.will.cook

    What kind of food are you gonna cook? Source: Vina Smith, Sentences: questions (VS-16) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

19. fâat    kuméethyur    peekváreesh    what    kind.of.car    that.you.will.buy

    What kind of car are you gonna buy? Source: Vina Smith, Sentences: questions (VS-16) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

20. fâat    kumapáah    peekyáveesh    what    kind.of.boat    that.you.will.make

    What kind of boat are you gonna make? Source: Vina Smith, Sentences: questions (VS-16) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

21. fâat    kuma'ávah    peevíshtaantih    what    kind.of.food    that.you.like

    What kind of food do you like to eat? Source: Vina Smith, Sentences: questions (VS-16) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

22. fâat    kuma'ish    what    kind.of.drink

    What kind of drink (do you like)? Source: Vina Smith, Sentences: questions and answers, verb tenses (VS-17) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

23. vaa    vúra    ip    pa'aapúnmuti    vaa    vúra    kich    vaa    kuméekrii    so    Intensive    PAST    you.know.it    so    Intensive    only    so    kind.of.life

    We only knew that kind of living. Source: Vina Smith, Washing (VS-24) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

24. hãã    vaa    vúra    kich    i'aapúnmuti    vaa    kuméekrii    yes    so    Intensive    only    you.know.it    so    kind.of.life

    Yes, you only knew that kind of living. Source: Vina Smith, Washing (VS-24) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

25. fâat    kuma'ásip    what    kind.of.bowl

    What kind of bowl? Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about spatial relations (VS-33) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

26. vaa    kumá'ii    paxáas    tu'iv    pu'uum    vúra    fâat    kumakêemish    áamtihan    so    because.of    that.almost    he.died    not.he    Intensive    what    kind.of.poison    he.didn't.eat

    "That's why he almost died, he didn’t eat any kind of poison." Source: Violet Super, Violet's Dog (VSu-03) | read full text

27. koovúra    kumáastaa    káru    áxvaay    all    kinds.of.ducks    also    crane

    There were all kinds of ducks and cranes. Source: Nettie Ruben, "Coyote's Homecoming" (WB_KL-02) | read full text

28. chavúra    yûum    kumayúrasak    uthívruuhramnih    finally    uphill.downriver    at.its.ocean    he.floated.into.there

    Finally he floated into the ocean downriver. Source: Chester Pepper, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-03) | read full text

29. xás    upíip    hôoy    vúra    kumeethívthaaneen    usnúrutih    then    he.said    where    Intensive    its.country    it.is.thundering

    And he said, "It's thundering somewhere in the country." Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-04) | read full text

30. kári    xás    kuníthvuy    pa'úkraam    yítha    káru    uum    upítih    vaa    kuma'úkraam    nipikvêeshriheesh    then    then    they.were.named    the.lakes    one    also    3.SG    he.was.saying    that    its.pond    I.will.camp

    And they named the ponds, and (each) one said, "I will camp at that pond." Source: Mamie Offield, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-05) | read full text

31. xás    vúra    koovura'îin    kunsíinva    vúra    akárayvava    kumayaas'árah    vúra    kumeemshúpap    then    Intensive    all    they.failed.to.recognize.him    Intensive    anyone    its.rich.person    Intensive    its.attractive

    And they all failed to recognize anyone so rich, so attractive. Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote Goes to a War Dance" (WB_KL-06) | read full text

32. xás    upiip    fâat    yáxa    kumakitâana    then    he.said    what    look!    kind.of.kitâana

    And he said, "Look, what kind of 'kitâana' is it? Source: Nettie Ruben, "Coyote Trades Songs" (WB_KL-07) | read full text

33. xás    kári    koovúra    peeshnanich'íshiipsha    kuma'áraar    yíchaach    úkyav    then    then    all    the.swiftest.ones    kind.of.people    together    he.gathered.them

    So he gathered together all the swiftest people. Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote Steals Fire" (WB_KL-10) | read full text

34. vaa    kumûuk    kuníhviithtiheesh    peeshyâat    peethívthaaneen    tá    kunpikyâahaak    that    with.it    they.will.be.cleaning    the.spring.salmon    the.world    PERF    when.they.fix.it

    They will clean the spring salmon with that, when they fix the world. Source: Mamie Offield, "Coyote Gives Salmon and Acorns to Mankind" (WB_KL-17) | read full text

35. káriva    kumûuk    tóo    ktir    áriim    tuthantífish    and.thus    with.it    she.did    hit.by.throwing    dead    knocked.him.down

    She hit him with them, knocked him dead. Source: Mamie Offield, "The Perils of Weasel" (WB_KL-19) | read full text

36. kári    xás    vaa    kumûuk    úktir    then    then    so    with.it    she.hit

    And she hit at him with it. Source: Mamie Offield, "The Perils of Weasel" (WB_KL-19) | read full text

37. vaa    kúna    kumûuk    úktir    so    in.addition    with.it    she.hit

    She hit at him with it in turn. Source: Mamie Offield, "The Perils of Weasel" (WB_KL-19) | read full text

38. vúra    uum    hitíhaan    kumasúpaa    póomuusti    pápikvas    Intensive    3.SG    always    its.day    that.she.looked.at.it    the.headdress-feather

    She looked at the headdress-feather every day (while he was gone). Source: Daisy Jones, "The Perils of Weasel" (WB_KL-20) | read full text

39. naa    vúra    kóo    yáv    pa'akâayva    kumayáan'iiftihan    1sg.    Intensive    as.much.as    good    the.anyone    any.young.man

    "I'm just as good as any young man." Source: Lottie Beck, "Old Man Turtle Dances" (WB_KL-22) | read full text

40. xás    kuméemaankam    poopikríhar    then    its.next.day    that.he.went.fishing.again

    And it was the next day that he went fishing again. Source: Lottie Beck, "The Greedy Father" (WB_KL-23) | read full text

41. vúra    kumakâarim    payíkihar    Intensive    worse    the.sick

    The sick person just got worse. Source: Mamie Offield, "Blue Jay As Doctor" (WB_KL-28) | read full text

42. kúkuum    tá    kunpíshavsip    xúrish    athithxuntápan    úus    koovúra    kuma'ávaha    again    PERF    they.pay.a.doctor's.fee    shelled.acorn    hazelnut    pine.nut    all    kinds.of.food

    They would pay her fee repeatedly with shelled acorns, hazel nuts, pine nuts, all kinds of food. Source: Mamie Offield, "Blue Jay As Doctor" (WB_KL-28) | read full text

43. púyava    kári    xás    koovúra    kumakeemishatunvêechas    tá    kunxúrihinaa    aayâach    púfaat    papúufich    ôok    kumeethívthaaneen    you.see    then    then    all    kinds.of.little.wild.animals    PERF    they.were.hungry    it.was.because    nothing    the.deer.meat    here    its.world

    So then all the little wild animals were hungry, it was because there was no deer meat in this world. Source: Mamie Offield, "How Deer Meat Was Lost and Regained" (WB_KL-33) | read full text

44. xás    kunpiip    chimi    nupíkaan    chimi    ôok    kumeethívthaaneen    nupípasramnihi    then    they.said    soon    let's.go.get.her    soon    here    its.world    let's.bring.her.back.in

    And they said, "Let's go get her, let's bring her back into this world!" Source: Mamie Offield, "How Deer Meat Was Lost and Regained" (WB_KL-33) | read full text

45. víri    vaa    vúra    kumakári    kumáheesh    kusrípan    itíhaan    kumahárinay    tu'ur    so    so    Intensive    still    you.will.see.him    madrone.tree    always    its.year    he.peels

    You will see him that way still, every year he peels. Source: Lottie Beck, "The Story of Madrone" (WB_KL-35) | read full text

46. kári    xás    koovúra    kuma'ávaha    yíchaach    kuníkyav    then    then    all    kind.of.food    together    they.gather

    So they gathered all kinds of food. Source: Mamie Offield, "The Story of Slug" (WB_KL-38) | read full text

47. víri    vaa    ukupitih    tusaríshriihva    pakóo    kuma'ávaha    so    that    she.was.doing    she.was.putting.down    all    kinds.of.food

    She was doing this, she was bringing in all kinds of food. Source: Nettie Ruben, "The Story of Bear" (WB_KL-40) | read full text

48. xás    púyava    kumamáh'iit    xás    kúkuum    tu'ípak    vúra    uum    taay    poo'átivutih    póomkaanvuti    pakóo    kuma'ávaha    then    you.see    some.morning    then    again    she.came.back    Intensive    3.SG    much    that.she.was.carrying.in.her.burden.basket    since.she.was.gathering.from.plants    all    kinds.of.food

    And one morning she came back again, she was carrying a lot in her burden basket, since she had gathered all kinds of food. Source: Nettie Ruben, "The Story of Bear" (WB_KL-40) | read full text

49. kári    xás    koovúra    kumakeemishatunvêechas    kunikyâavarihva    then    then    all    kinds.of.little.wild.animals    they.try

    And all the little wild animals tried. Source: Mamie Offield, "Victory Over Fire" (WB_KL-45) | read full text

50. káru    vaa    kumá'ii    koovúra    kumakeemishatunvêechas    kun'áayti    aah    also    that    because.of    all    kinds.of.little.wild.animals    they.are.afraid    fire

    And that's why all the little wild animals are afraid of fire. Source: Mamie Offield, "Victory Over Fire" (WB_KL-45) | read full text

51. yúruk    kumayurásviitkir    káan    xás    utaxarápish    downriver    some.ocean.ridge    there    then    he.ended.his.stride

    Then he ended his stride downriver there, on some ocean ridge. Source: Chester Pepper, "Medicine for the Return of Wives" (WB_KL-52) | read full text

52. uum    vúra    itíhaan    kumamáh'iit    tóo    kvátar    itukuk'afishríhan    3.SG    Intensive    always    its.morning    he.had    go.get.sweathouse.wood    itúkuk.young.man

    The young man of itúkuk went gathering sweathouse wood every morning. Source: Nettie Ruben, "The Boy from Itúkuk" (WB_KL-57) | read full text

53. xás    ithâan    kumamáh'iit    uxus    ithyáruk    kanvâarami    then    once    its.morning    he.thought    across    let.me.go!

    And one morning he thought, "Let me go across-river! Source: Nettie Ruben, "The Boy from Itúkuk" (WB_KL-57) | read full text

54. imáankam    kumamáh'iit    kúkuum    vúra    ukvátar    next.day    its.morning    again    Intensive    he.gathered.sweathouse.wood

    The next morning he rowed across again. Source: Nettie Ruben, "The Boy from Itúkuk" (WB_KL-57) | read full text

55. pavúra    kóo    kuma'íthivishrih    pakunvuhvúhinaatih    káru    pakoo    that.Intensive    all    kind.of.celebration    as.they.were.doing.the.deerskin.dance    also    the.all

    There was all kind of celebration as they did the deerskin dance and all. Source: Nettie Ruben, "The Boy from Itúkuk" (WB_KL-57) | read full text

56. xás    pakóo    kuma'arará'uup    pakun'ativútiihva    pakóo    kuméemyaat    then    all    kinds.of.Indian.treasure    that.they.were.carrying.it.in.burden.baskets    all    kinds.of.fur

    And what they were carrying was every kind of Indian treasure, every kind of fur. Source: Nettie Ruben, "The Boy from Itúkuk" (WB_KL-57) | read full text

57. pufíchtaahkoo    ípmiif    káru    pakóo    kumá'uup    pootháthriinaa    pasipnúukak    white.deer    black.deer    also    all    kinds.of.treasure    that.it.sat    in.the.storage.baskets

    White deerskins, black deerskins, and every kind of treasure sat in the storage baskets. Source: Nettie Ruben, "The Boy from Itúkuk" (WB_KL-57) | read full text

58. víri    kún    axyaráva    pakóo    kuma'arará'uup    so    meaning.unknown    all.full    all    kinds.of.Indian.treasure

    There they were all full, there was all kinds of Indian treasure. Source: Nettie Ruben, "The Boy from Itúkuk" (WB_KL-57) | read full text

59. púyava    pakun'ípak    ôok    kumeethívthaaneen    vaa    uum    pakúphaanhanik    póokupiti    áraar    utâanaxihitihirak    you.see    when.they.returned    here    its.world    that    3.SG    the.ones.who.did.it    as.one.is.doing.it    human    where.one.is.dead

    So when they returned to this world, they are the ones who did as it is done in the land of the dead. Source: Mamie Offield, "A Trip to the Land of the Dead" (WB_KL-58) | read full text

60. ithâan    kumamáh'iit    umá    pachánchaaf    yíiv    á'    vúra    úkrii    once    once.morning    she.saw    the.foam    far    above    Intensive    it.sits

    One morning she saw the foam was up high. Source: Nettie Ruben, "The Pool in Big Rock" (WB_KL-59) | read full text

61. víriva    kumasuruk    pa'ávansa    upêethruprav    so.it    its.underneath    the.man    she.took.it.back.out

    There she took the man out from underneath it. Source: Nettie Ruben, "The Pool in Big Rock" (WB_KL-59) | read full text

62. xás    ithâan    kuméeshyaav    vúra    puxích    tupáthrih    pa'íshaha    tu'uh    then    once    some.winter    Intensive    very.much    it.rained    the.water    it.rose

    And one winter it rained hard, the water rose. Source: Julia Starritt, "How the Rube Family Was Named" (WB_KL-66) | read full text

63. púyava    vúra    káan    sú'    ukrítumkuri    hâari    ithahárinay    káru    hâari    kumáxara    you.see    Intensive    there    inside    it.piles.into    sometime    all.year    also    sometime    longer.time

    So (the acorns) were piled in there, sometimes a year and sometimes longer. Source: Julia Starritt, "Soaking Acorns" (WB_KL-75) | read full text

64. pa'arara'avanséextiivha    uum    yítha    pakuméextiivha    úthvuuyti    imtháatva    the.Indian.men's.games    3.SG    one    game    it.was.called    shinny

    One game, of the Indian men's games, was called 'the stick game' (i.e., shinny). Source: Julia Starritt, "The Shinny Game" (WB_KL-78) | read full text

65. xás    koovúra    kumapírish    úthvuuyva    then    all    plants    she.named

    And she named all kinds of plants. Source: Emily Donahue, "Professor Gifford's Visit" (WB_KL-88) | read full text