Ararahih'urípih
A Dictionary and Text Corpus of the Karuk Language

Karuk Dictionary

by William Bright and Susan Gehr (© Karuk Tribe)

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na- marker used for 'I' (subject) without an object, or for 'I' (subject) acting on 'him/her/it/them' (object). Used with negated verb.

Dictionary Entry
lexicon ID #4295 | revised Aug 12 2014

na- • PREF • marker used for 'I' (subject) without an object, or for 'I' (subject) acting on 'him/her/it/them' (object). Used with negated verb.

Source: WB G 520

Sentence examples (79)


Display mode: sentence | word | word components

  1. purafâat neekyâatihara.
    [I'm doing] nothing.
    Source: Charlie Thom, Sr., Sentences from Now You're Speaking Karuk (CT-01) | read full text
    Spoken by Charlie Thom, Sr. | Download | Play

  2. vúra purafâat neekyâatihara.
    [I'm doing] nothing at all.
    Source: Charlie Thom, Sr., Sentences from Now You're Speaking Karuk (CT-01) | read full text
    Spoken by Charlie Thom, Sr. | Download | Play

  3. purafâat vúra ná'aapunmutihara.
    I don't know anything.
    Source: Charlie Thom, Sr., Sentences from Now You're Speaking Karuk (CT-01) | read full text
    Spoken by Charlie Thom, Sr. | Download | Play

  4. vúra uum puná'aapunmutihara.
    I don't know (anything).
    Source: Charlie Thom, Sr., Sentences from Now You're Speaking Karuk (CT-01) | read full text
    Spoken by Charlie Thom, Sr. | Download | Play

  5. xas upakúriihva "súnunuk á-ni-nak ki-yánee náa puváfish navishtantihara,
    And he started singing, "In secret...Tra-la-la...I don't like liver.
    Source: Margaret Harrie, "The Ten Young Men who Became the Pleiades" (DAF_KT-02) | read full text

  6. púxay vúraxay naxútihara káan ukyíimeesh.
    I didn't think it (my shot) reached him there.
    Source: Benonie Harrie, "A Hunting Yarn" (DAF_KT-05c) | read full text

  7. púxay vúra xay hûut koo neethvávara, táma âapun.
    I could hardly pack it any distance at all, before (I had to put it) down again.
    Source: Benonie Harrie, "A Hunting Yarn" (DAF_KT-05c) | read full text

  8. tá nithyúrunih, tá puna'íithvutihara.
    I dragged it, I didn't try to pack it anymore.
    Source: Benonie Harrie, "A Hunting Yarn" (DAF_KT-05c) | read full text

  9. koova tá neekvúrish, chavúra kúkuum ni'iyruhunih, chímiva ípaha úkuyva.
    I was so tired finally I rolled it down again, but it hit a tree.
    Source: Benonie Harrie, "A Hunting Yarn" (DAF_KT-05c) | read full text

  10. kári xás upíip, " púxay vúra na'aráriihkanhivatheeshara! púxay vúra húunxayheeshara!"
    Then he said, "I cannot cure him! I can't do any more for him!"
    Source: Nettie Ruben, "Bluejay, Medicine-Man" (DAF_KT_03) | read full text

  11. xáyfaat uum vaa ipíti " you don't know," hôoy if ipíti puná'aapunmutihara.
    Don't say, [in English] "I don't know.” Say [in Karuk] "I don't know."
    Source: Violet Super, Grace Davis, Madeline Davis, Conversation: Weaving (GD-MD-VSu-01) | read full text
    Spoken by Grace Davis | Download | Play

  12. puná'aapunmutihara
    I don't know.
    Source: Violet Super, Grace Davis, Madeline Davis, Conversation: Weaving (GD-MD-VSu-01) | read full text
    Spoken by Violet Super | Download | Play

  13. naa vúra payêem pufâat náviiktihara.
    I'm not weaving anything right now.
    Source: Violet Super, Grace Davis, Madeline Davis, Conversation: Weaving (GD-MD-VSu-01) | read full text
    Spoken by Grace Davis | Download | Play

  14. íp vúra nik nixútihat, kíri nivik ítam, pâanpay tá na'ûuriha.
    I'm always thinking I'll weave, then I get lazy.
    Source: Violet Super, Grace Davis, Madeline Davis, Conversation: Weaving (GD-MD-VSu-01) | read full text
    Spoken by Madeline Davis | Download | Play

  15. puxáy vúra vaa nakupéeshara paViolet ukupiti.
    I can't do it like Violet does.
    Source: Violet Super, Grace Davis, Madeline Davis, Conversation: Weaving (GD-MD-VSu-01) | read full text
    Spoken by Madeline Davis | Download | Play

  16. hãã víri vaa hûutva kípa hûutva kupakupháheesh, tá naséey.
    How would I do that? I don't know.
    Source: Violet Super, Grace Davis, Madeline Davis, Conversation: Weaving (GD-MD-VSu-01) | read full text
    Spoken by Madeline Davis | Download | Play

  17. víri man punámaahtihara.
    But I can't see.
    Source: Violet Super, Grace Davis, Madeline Davis, Conversation: Weaving (GD-MD-VSu-01) | read full text
    Spoken by Violet Super | Download | Play

  18. chavúra puharíxay naa neepthíthhara.
    But I never finish it.
    Source: Violet Super, Grace Davis, Madeline Davis, Conversation: Weaving (GD-MD-VSu-01) | read full text
    Spoken by Violet Super | Download | Play

  19. Then that's finished, naa pura navâara xás I just pick all the stricks.
    Then that's finished. I don't ... I just pick all the stricks.
    Source: Violet Super, Grace Davis, Madeline Davis, Conversation: Weaving (GD-MD-VSu-01) | read full text
    Spoken by Violet Super | Download | Play

  20. víri manâa puná'aapunmutihara xás vúra xás kôok patákiram vúra kunikyâati.
    I don't know what kind they make for a soaking basket
    Source: Violet Super, Grace Davis, Madeline Davis, Conversation: Weaving (GD-MD-VSu-01) | read full text
    Spoken by Violet Super | Download | Play

  21. víri man yáxa naa puná'aapunmutihara.
    Well, look, I don't know how.
    Source: Violet Super, Grace Davis, Madeline Davis, Conversation: Weaving (GD-MD-VSu-01) | read full text
    Spoken by Grace Davis | Download | Play

  22. naa vúra puná'aapunmutihara.
    I don't know.
    Source: Violet Super, Grace Davis, Madeline Davis, Conversation: Weaving (GD-MD-VSu-01) | read full text
    Spoken by Grace Davis | Download | Play

  23. naa vúra punathitíveeshara, xâat xára kaan kú'uuhyanati, naa vúra vaa punatákirara fâat vúra pakuchuphúruthunatih.
    I won't be able to hear, even if you talk a long time, I won't be able to leach acorn or whatever you're talking about.
    Source: Violet Super, Grace Davis, Madeline Davis, Conversation: Weaving (GD-MD-VSu-01) | read full text
    Spoken by Madeline Davis | Download | Play

  24. yúxnaam vaa káan... púva, néehruuvtihara payúxnaam.
    Never there in the fine sand, I didn't use the fine sand.
    Source: Violet Super, Grace Davis, Madeline Davis, Conversation: Weaving (GD-MD-VSu-01) | read full text
    Spoken by Madeline Davis | Download | Play

  25. xás pirishkâarim upíip: " náa punavâarameeshara, náa nipshaaneesh."
    Then Grizzly Bear said: "I am not going, I will keep the house."
    Source: Yaas, "How Grizzly Bear Got his Ears Burnt Off" (JPH_KT-01a) | read full text

  26. xás uxus: "vúra puna'áveeshara. xáy áas néexrah."
    Then he thought: "I am not going to eat it, I shouldn't get thirsty for water."
    Source: Phoebe Maddux, "Coyote Starts for Klamath Lakes, East Roasted Grasshoppers, Floats Down River and Marries Two Girls" (JPH_KT-05) | read full text

  27. púyav panéepmahoonkoonatihara.
    I am not feeling well.
    Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about personal states (VS-05) | read full text
    Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

  28. naa vúra punaxúrihitihara.
    I am not hungry.
    Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about personal states (VS-05) | read full text
    Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

  29. máh’iit íp naxúrihitihat payêem uum punaxúrihitihara.
    I was hungry this morning, but now I am not hungry.
    Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about personal states (VS-05) | read full text
    Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

  30. payêem uum punaxúrihitihara.
    Now I am not hungry.
    Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about personal states (VS-05) | read full text
    Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

  31. naa vúra puna'aapúnmutihara.
    I do not know.
    Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about personal states (VS-06) | read full text
    Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

  32. naa vúra puna'áytihara.
    I am not afraid.
    Source: Vina Smith, Sentences with verb paradigms, words for accent (VS-11) | read full text
    Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

  33. naa puneehêeratihara.
    I do not smoke.
    Source: Vina Smith, Sentences with verb paradigms, words for accent (VS-11) | read full text
    Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

  34. naa punéekfuuytihara.
    I did not whistle.
    Source: Vina Smith, Sentences with verb paradigms, words for accent (VS-11) | read full text
    Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

  35. naa punapákuriihvutihara.
    I do not sing.
    Source: Vina Smith, Sentences with verb paradigms, words for accent (VS-11) | read full text
    Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

  36. punamáahtihara.
    I do not see it.
    Source: Vina Smith, Sentences with verb paradigms, words for accent (VS-11) | read full text
    Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

  37. punámaahtih.
    I don't see it.
    Source: Vina Smith, Sentences with verb paradigms, words for accent (VS-11) | read full text
    Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

  38. naa vúra punapakurîihvutihara.
    I never sing.
    Source: Vina Smith, Sentences with verb paradigms, words for accent (VS-11) | read full text
    Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

  39. punapakurîihvutihara.
    I don't sing.
    Source: Vina Smith, Sentences with verb paradigms, words for accent (VS-11) | read full text
    Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

  40. puna'ápimtihara.
    I am not looking for it.
    Source: Vina Smith, Sentences with verb paradigms, words for accent (VS-11) | read full text
    Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

  41. pûuhara punamáahtihara papúsihich.
    No, I do not see the cat.
    Source: Vina Smith, Sentences: questions and answers, verb tenses (VS-17) | read full text
    Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

  42. puna'aapúnmutihara.
    I don't know.
    Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about comparisons (VS-18) | read full text
    Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

  43. puna'aapúnmutihara.
    I don't know.
    Source: Vina Smith, Sentences from Now You're Speaking Karuk (VS-20b) | read full text
    Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

  44. I think they have to clean it right away, so the blood doesn't settle, you know, in one place or something, I don't know why they have to do that, that's one thing I puna'áapunmutihara.
    I think they have to clean it right away, so the blood doesn't settle, you know, in one place or something, I don't know why they have to do that, that's one thing I don't know.
    Source: Vina Smith, I'll Never Forget Those Days (VS-22) | read full text
    Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

  45. váa vúra uum yíiv xas vaa vúra uxúti íkiich punakúniihkeeshara xás vúra vaa ukúniihka.
    And it was so far away, he thought, maybe I won't get it, but he did shoot it.
    Source: Vina Smith, I'll Never Forget Those Days (VS-22) | read full text
    Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

  46. váa vúra punapipshinvárihvutihara, váa vúra ni'áapunmuti payêem.
    I'll never forget that, I know it today.
    Source: Vina Smith, I'll Never Forget Those Days (VS-22) | read full text
    Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

  47. pûuhara náa puneekvíi-hitihara.
    No I'm not sleeping
    Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about feeling cold, playing, and getting old (VS-35b) | read full text
    Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

  48. kári vúra naa nîinamich, víri vaa kumá'ii payêem naa uum púfaat neekyâatihara.
    I was little then (chuckle), but now I can’t do anything.
    Source: Violet Super, Violet Cooking (VSu-01) | read full text
    Spoken by Violet Super | Download | Play

  49. paninípshiih áthiik tu'ívahaak, vaa kári vúra puna'áhootihara.
    When my legs get cold, then I can’t walk.
    Source: Violet Super, Violet Cooking (VSu-01) | read full text
    Spoken by Violet Super | Download | Play

  50. naa vúra pu naxútihan, kíri kunikviit-hívath.
    I just didn't want them to put him to sleep.
    Source: Violet Super, Violet's Dog (VSu-03) | read full text

  51. naa vúra púfaat na'aapúnmutiharahanik!
    I didn't know anything!
    Source: William Bright, "Speech to Karuk Tribal Council" (WB-01) | read full text
    Spoken by William Bright | Download | Play

  52. " vúra puna'ísheeshara."
    "I won't drink."
    Source: Nettie Ruben, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-01) | read full text

  53. xás kári too xus, " puna'ísheeshara."
    And he thought, "I won't drink."
    Source: Nettie Ruben, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-01) | read full text

  54. vúra vaa too xus, " puna'ísheeshara, naa ishpúk nikyâantih."
    He thought like that, "I won't drink, I'm going to get money."
    Source: Nettie Ruben, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-01) | read full text

  55. kári xás uxus, " ii! vúra tá puná'uumara, vúra íshaha tá néexrah."
    And he thought, "Oh, I can't reach it, I'm really thirsty."
    Source: Nettie Ruben, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-01) | read full text

  56. xás uxus, " vúra puna'ísheeshara astíipich."
    And he thought, "I won't drink right by the bank."
    Source: Nettie Ruben, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-01) | read full text

  57. " chémi, ník ishávaas, punáyuupheeshara."
    "All right, nephew, I won't open my eyes."
    Source: Nettie Ruben, "Coyote's Homecoming" (second telling) (WB_KL-02a) | read full text
    Spoken by Nettie Ruben | Download | Play

  58. " vúra puna'áveeshara."
    "I won't eat them."
    Source: Chester Pepper, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-03) | read full text

  59. púyava uxús " payêem vúra puna'ípaveeshara paxathímtas.
    So he thought, "Now I won't eat roasted grasshoppers again.
    Source: Chester Pepper, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-03) | read full text

  60. tá koo, vúra puna'áveeshara."
    That's all, I won't eat them."
    Source: Chester Pepper, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-03) | read full text

  61. xás uxúti " vúra puna'ísheeshara ishkéesh'aas."
    And he thought, "I won't drink river water."
    Source: Chester Pepper, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-03) | read full text

  62. " vúra puna'ísheeshara ishkéesh'aas."
    "I won't drink river water."
    Source: Chester Pepper, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-03) | read full text

  63. kúna vúra pu'astíipich na'ísheeshara.
    But I won't drink by the bank.
    Source: Chester Pepper, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-03) | read full text

  64. vúra punáyuupheeshara."
    I won't open my eyes."
    Source: Chester Pepper, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-03) | read full text

  65. xás pihnêefich upíip " payêem ník vúra ishávaas vaa puneepkuphêeshara."
    And Coyote said, "I won't do it again this time, nephew."
    Source: Chester Pepper, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-03) | read full text

  66. xás upíip " payêem vúra puna'itxâarihveesh."
    And (Coyote) said, "Now I won't open my eyes."
    Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-04) | read full text

  67. xás uxus, " hûut kumá'ii papunayâavahitihara."
    And he thought, "Why am I not getting full?"
    Source: Mamie Offield, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-05) | read full text

  68. puna'áveeshara."
    I won't eat them."
    Source: Mamie Offield, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-05) | read full text

  69. naa vúra puna'aapúnmutihara ' hôoy uum papihnêefich úkrii.'"
    I don't know where Coyote is."
    Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote Steals Fire" (WB_KL-10) | read full text

  70. " pûu, púra fâat vúra neepítihara."
    "No, I didn't say anything."
    Source: Mamie Offield, "Duck Hawk and His Wife" (WB_KL-27) | read full text

  71. vúra punathítiimtihara."
    I can't hear them."
    Source: Mamie Offield, "Duck Hawk and His Wife" (WB_KL-27) | read full text

  72. kumá'ii papuna'ûusurutihara.
    For that reason I can't take (the disease object) out.
    Source: Nettie Ruben, "Blue Jay As Doctor" (WB_KL-29) | read full text

  73. xás itháan pakun'ípak, xás úpeenvunaa pamutunvêech " papuna'ípakahaak kuxúseesh ' tá neeykáraheen.'"
    And once when they returned, (Deer) told her little ones, "If I don't come back, you will know (lit., think) that she's killed me."
    Source: Julia Starritt, "The Bear and the Deer" (WB_KL-32) | read full text

  74. " vaa uum vúra punaturâayvutiheeshara."
    "That way I won't be looking for him."
    Source: Lottie Beck, "The Kidnapped Child" (WB_KL-61) | read full text

  75. xás upíip " man'áta, tá punapikrôokara."
    And he said, "I don’t know, I've forgotten."
    Source: Julia Starritt, "How the Rube Family Was Named" (WB_KL-66) | read full text

  76. naa vúra pufâat neekyáatihara.
    I'm not doing anything.
    Source: Various speakers, "Miscellaneous Sentences" (WB_KV) | read full text

  77. kúmá'ii papuna'ûusurutih.
    That's why I can't take it out.
    Source: Nettie Ruben, "Blue Jay as Doctor" (WB_LA78.1-004a) | read full text
    Spoken by Nettie Ruben | Download | Play