Karuk Dictionary
by William Bright and Susan Gehr (© Karuk Tribe)
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îin new topic; a postposition, indicating that the subject of a sentence is a new topic
Dictionary Entry
lexicon ID #1670 | revised Oct 31 2014
îin • POSTP • new topic; a postposition, indicating that the subject of a sentence is a new topic
Note: See article by Macaulay 2000, correcting the description of WB. Subject pronoun prefix with this is always kun- or kin-.
Sentence examples (85)
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nuykáreesh pa'îin púufich i'êethiipvutihat we.will.kill.him because.he deer he.has.been.taking.it.from.you We will kill the one who has been taking the deer from you." Source: Mrs. Bennett, "Screech Owl and Coyote" (ALK_14-35) | read full textyaas'ára îin kinmáahtiheesh rich.person TOPIC they.will.see.them And the people who live will see them." Source: Margaret Harrie, "The Ten Young Men who Became the Pleiades" (DAF_KT-02) | read full textxás yítha îin kunipêer tá nuparatánmaahpa then one TOPIC they.told.him PERF we.turned.back Then one of them told him: "We have turned back." Source: Yaas, "How Grizzly Bear Got his Ears Burnt Off" (JPH_KT-01a) | read full textiim vúra îin punêekyáreeshara atipimámvaan achvúun úpeeranik 2sg. Intensive TOPIC you.will.not.kill.me buzzard hookbill.salmon he.told.him "You are not going to kill me?" said Buzzard to Hookbill. Source: Yaas, "How Buzzard Became Bald" (JPH_KT-01b) | read full textxás achvúun uppiip naa îin pukinîikyáreeshara vaa vúra páy kyôomahich nuníshsheesh then hookbill.salmon he.said 1sg. TOPIC I.shall.not.kill.you so Intensive this little.bit I.shall.do.to.you Then Hookbill said: "I am not going to kill you, this is all that I'm going to do to you." Source: Yaas, "How Buzzard Became Bald" (JPH_KT-01b) | read full textxás úppeeranik achvúun îin kuníppeeranik xáy faat ík vúra ôok ipáfyuk iim vúra pu'ôok vúrayvutiheeshara then he.told.him hookbill.salmon TOPIC he.told.him don't! must Intensive here you.come.around.again 2sg. Intensive not.here you.will.not.be.going.around And Hookbill told him: "You must never come around here again, you are not going to come around here." Source: Yaas, "How Buzzard Became Bald" (JPH_KT-01b) | read full textvaa uum ifápiitich îin natâatripaavish so 3.SG young.woman TOPIC she.will.hook.me.out.of.the.water Then a young girl can hook me out. Source: Phoebe Maddux, "Coyote Starts for Klamath Lakes, East Roasted Grasshoppers, Floats Down River and Marries Two Girls" (JPH_KT-05) | read full textikrívkihaan xásik arara îin ná'aamtiheesh sixth.month then.(future) human TOPIC he.will.eat.me In the sixth month (April), Human will eat me. Source: Yaas, "How Fish were Transformed" (JPH_KT-07) | read full textkári xas sápxiit úpaanik "payáv îin ná'aamtiheesh then then steelhead long.ago.he.said that.a.good.person TOPIC he.will.eat.me Then Steelhead said: “A good person will eat me.” Source: Yaas, "How Fish were Transformed" (JPH_KT-07) | read full textxás pimaníh'aama úpaanik "naa vúra pishîich yaas'ára îin ná'aamtiheesh then summer.salmon long.ago.he.said 1sg. Intensive first rich.person TOPIC he.will.eat.me Then Summer Salmon said: “Human will eat me the first thing (when I get there).” Source: Yaas, "How Fish were Transformed" (JPH_KT-07) | read full textkáru uum achvúun úpaanik "naa vúra pishîich yaas'ára îin ná'aamtiheesh pani'îipmahaak also 3.SG hookbill.salmon long.ago.he.said 1sg. Intensive first rich.person TOPIC he.will.eat.me when.I.return And Hookbill said: “Human will eat me the first thing, when I get there.” Source: Yaas, "How Fish were Transformed" (JPH_KT-07) | read full textkári xás upiip uum vúra vaa páy arara'îin kunxúseentih kíri âapun úyruuhriv then then she.said 3.SG Intensive so this somebody they.are.thinking I.wish on.the.ground she.lies Then she said: "Someone is causing her sickness. Source: Phoebe Maddux, "Bluejay Myth" (JPH_PHM-24-343a) | read full textxás kúkuum vúra voopiip uum vúra arara'îin kunxúseentih then again Intensive thus.she.said 3.SG Intensive somebody they.are.thinking.it Then she said: "Somebody is making it." Source: Phoebe Maddux, "Bluejay Myth" (JPH_PHM-24-343a) | read full textpakoovúra pananuppírish puyíththaxay vúra kúnish vaa kumeekyâahara peheeraha'íppa vúra chishihpurith'íppa kích vaa kúnish kuméekyav pa'apxantîich îin tá kinippêer that.of.all our.plant not.a.single.one Intensive sort.of that it.is.not.the.kind.of.make the.tobacco.plant Intensive black.nightshade.plant only that sort.of kind.of.make the.white.man TOPIC PERF he.said.to.us Of All Karuk plants the Black Nightshade is Most Like Tobacco, the Whites Tell Us Source: Phoebe Maddux, Of All Karuk plants the Black Nightshade is Most Like Tobacco, the Whites Tell Us (JPH_TKIC-III.3) | read full textpúffaat vúra îin áamtihap nothing Intensive TOPIC it.eats.them Nothing eats them. Source: Phoebe Maddux, Of All Karuk plants the Black Nightshade is Most Like Tobacco, the Whites Tell Us (JPH_TKIC-III.3) | read full textchanáakat îin nápar mosquito TOPIC it.bit.me The mosquitos bit me. Source: Lucille Albers, Sentences about animals, insects, and going places (LA-04) | read full text
Spoken by Lucille Albers | Download | Playchanáakat îin tee párap mosquito TOPIC PERF it.bit.you The mosquito bit you. Source: Lucille Albers, Sentences about animals, insects, and going places (LA-04) | read full text
Spoken by Lucille Albers | Download | Playpapúsihich îin tá námah the.cat TOPIC PERF it.sees.me The cat sees me. Source: Vina Smith, Sonny Davis, Sentences about perception, animals, verb tenses (SD-VS-01) | read full text
Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Playpa'ávansa Orleans úkrii îin íp namáhat the.man Orleans he.lives TOPIC PAST I.saw.him The man who lives in Orleans saw me. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences with relative clauses, negation, commands (VS-09) | read full text
Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Playpa'ávansa Orleans úkrii íp îin namáhat the.man Orleans he.lives PAST TOPIC I.saw.him The man who lives in Orleans saw me. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences with relative clauses, negation, commands (VS-09) | read full text
Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Playpa'ávansa îin néemusti Orleans aramsîiprintih the.man TOPIC he.sees.me Orleans coming.from The man who came from Orleans saw me. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences with relative clauses, negation, commands (VS-09) | read full text
Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Playpa'ávansa Orleans aramsîiprinti iim îin néemustih the.man Orleans coming.from 2sg. TOPIC he.sees.me The man who came from Orleans saw me. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences with relative clauses, negation, commands (VS-09) | read full text
Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Playpa'ávansa îin nipítaptih the.man TOPIC he.knows.me The man knows me. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences with relative clauses, negation, commands (VS-09) | read full text
Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Playtá numah îin PERF I.see.you TOPIC I see you. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences with verb paradigms, words for accent (VS-11) | read full text
Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | PlayXás uum paxanchíifich îin kinímuustih then 3.SG the.frog TOPIC he.is.looking.at.them And the frog is looking at them. Source: Vina Smith, Avansáxiich káru Chishíih káru Xanchíifich (VS-19) | read full text
Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | PlayPa'avansáxiich îin tá kunchuphuníshkoo the.boy TOPIC PERF he.is.talking.to.him The boy is talking (to the dog). Source: Vina Smith, Avansáxiich káru Chishíih káru Xanchíifich (VS-19) | read full text
Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | PlayXás paxanchíifich îin tá kunímuusti pakunpáatvutih then the.frog TOPIC PERF he.is.looking.at.them while.they.are.bathing And the frog is looking at them while they're taking a bath. Source: Vina Smith, Avansáxiich káru Chishíih káru Xanchíifich (VS-19) | read full text
Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Playkoovúra îin kinimúustiheesh all TOPIC you.are.looking.at.us You (one person) are going to look at us. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about looking and talking to people (VS-36) | read full text
Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Playpananikîit îin neepsháravrikeesh my.grandmother TOPIC she.will.help.me My grandmother will help me. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about weaving a hat (VS-37) | read full text
Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Playnaa iim îin neepsháravriik 1sg. 2sg. TOPIC you.help.me Will you help me? Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about weaving a hat (VS-37) | read full text
Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Playuum vúra itíhaan îin neepsháravriiktih 3.SG Intensive always TOPIC she.helped.me She always helps me. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about weaving a hat (VS-37) | read full text
Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Playitíhaan îin neepsháravrik always TOPIC she.helps.me She always helps me. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about weaving a hat (VS-37) | read full text
Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Playkáru hôoy akâayva 'îin kun kêemish kun'ákihanik kéemish u'ávanik also where anyone TOPIC 3pl(>3s) something.dangerous they.fed.him something.dangerous he.ate "And somewhere, someone, they ... they fed him poison, he ate poison." Source: Violet Super, Violet's Dog (VSu-03) | read full textkári xás pâanpay pishpishih'îin tá kun'av then then after.while yellowjackets PERF they.ate.him And after a while the yellowjackets ate him. Source: Nettie Ruben, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-01) | read full textchufniivkach'îin káru vúra patá kun'av flies also Intensive that they.ate.him Flies ate him too. Source: Nettie Ruben, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-01) | read full textchími vúra paasvut'îin káru patá kun'av soon Intensive the.ants also that they.ate.him Soon the ants ate him too. Source: Nettie Ruben, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-01) | read full textxás úpeenti îim ôok keemisha'îin i'áveeshap then he.told.him outdoors here a.monster it.will.eat.you And he told (the person sweating), "A monster outside here is going to eat you." Source: Chester Pepper, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-03) | read full textchiimuuch'îin kunxúseeranik kíri vaa ukúupha pufáat vúra yávheeshara Lizard he.thought.it.about.him I.wish so he.does.it nothing Intensive will.not.be.good Lizard thought about him, "Let him do that, nothing will be any good." Source: Chester Pepper, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-03) | read full textxás upíip yáxa áta uum papihneefich'îin tá nasítviik then he.said look! maybe 3.SG Coyote PERF he.stole.it.from.me And he said, "Look, I'll bet Coyote stole it from me. Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-04) | read full textkári xás kun'iruveehíshriihva pa'îin kun'áharamutih kunímuustih kunpiip fâatkook then then they.stood.still who they.were.following.him they.were.looking.at.them they.said what's.that? And those who were chasing him stopped, they looked, they said, "What is it?" Source: Mamie Offield, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-05) | read full textkári xás kunihmáravarak pa'îin kun'áharamutih then then they.ran.down.from.upriver who they.were.chasing.them And the ones chasing him ran down from upriver. Source: Mamie Offield, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-05) | read full textkári xás kunpíip pa'îin kun'áharamutih naa nipêesh vaa pa'ípa ikmaháchraam kúkreenhat then then they.said who they.were.chasing.him 1sg. I.will.say that who.(in.the.recent.past) sweathouse one.who.stayed Then the ones chasing him said, "I'll bet that was him who was in the sweathouse." Source: Mamie Offield, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-05) | read full textxás pu'akara'îin kínmaahtihap then nobody they.were.seeing.them And nobody had seen them. Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote Goes to a War Dance" (WB_KL-06) | read full textxás vúra koovura'îin kunsíinva vúra akárayvava kumayaas'árah vúra kumeemshúpap then Intensive all they.failed.to.recognize.him Intensive anyone its.rich.person Intensive its.attractive And they all failed to recognize anyone so rich, so attractive. Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote Goes to a War Dance" (WB_KL-06) | read full textxás koovura'îin kunímuustih then all they.were.looking.at.him And everybody was looking at him. Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote Goes to a War Dance" (WB_KL-06) | read full textxás patishanihyûum ukvíriprup víri kúna kâam pa'îin kun'áharamuti tá kunihmáravarak then when.downriver.from.tishániik he.ran.downriver so in.addition little.upriver the.ones.that they.were.following.him PERF they.ran.downriver And when he ran downriver from tishániik, the ones following him were running down just upriver. Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote Goes to a War Dance" (WB_KL-06) | read full textxás pa'îin kun'áharamuti xára xás kunithyárukha ayu'âach ishahákaam then the.ones.that they.were.following.him long.time then they.went.across-river it.was.because lots.of.water And those following him were a long time crossing, because there was a lot of water. Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote Goes to a War Dance" (WB_KL-06) | read full textxás paaxich'îin kunímuustih then the.children they.were.looking.at.him And the children looked at him. Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote Steals Fire" (WB_KL-10) | read full textxás ta'ítam kunihmárasipreeheen tá kun'áharam pa'áraar îin tá kinipshítviik then so they.started.to.run PERF they.chased.them the.people.who TOPIC PERF they.stole.it.back.from.them And so they started to run, they chased the people who had stolen it from them. Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote Steals Fire" (WB_KL-10) | read full texthôoy íf akáray îin xuus i'éethtiheeshap where truly who TOPIC thought will.be.taking.it.of.you Nobody will take care of you. Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote Marries His Own Daughter" (WB_KL-16) | read full textvíri iim xás îin tá néeykar so 2sg. then TOPIC PERF you.killed.me Then you killed me. Source: Lottie Beck, "The Perils of Weasel" (WB_KL-18) | read full textkári xás apsunxarah'îin kun'av then then long.snake they.ate But she was eaten by a long snake Source: Mamie Offield, "The Perils of Weasel" (WB_KL-19) | read full textpa'asiktavan'îin kunipêer xáyfaat xáyfaat ivâaram the.women they.told.him don't! don't! you.go The women told him, "Don't, don't go." Source: Daisy Jones, "The Perils of Weasel" (WB_KL-20) | read full textpa'arákaas íp îin kinípeerat kiik'íchunvi the.old.man PAST TOPIC he.told.us you.guys.hide.yourselves! The old man told us to hide. Source: Julia Starritt, "The Hair in the Soup" (WB_KL-21) | read full textxás poopáhariithvunaa pamuhrooha'îin kunipêer yaxéek iim vaa kích ikupítiheesh then when.he.caught.up.with.them his.wife she.told.him you'll.see 2sg. so only you.will.be.doing And when he caught up with them, his wife told him, "You're going to be doing nothing but this. Source: Lottie Beck, "The Greedy Father" (WB_KL-23) | read full texthûutva kóo mímyaahti pati'ívahaak púra fâat vúra îin aamtíheeshara somehow as.much.as your.life when.you.die nothing Intensive TOPIC it.won't.be.eating.you All your life, when you die, nothing will eat (you). Source: Mamie Offield, "The Greedy Father" (WB_KL-24) | read full textkíri naa vúra kích yaas'arara'îin na'áamti káru tápas neekyâavish I.wish 1sg. Intensive only Humankind they.eat.me also real they.will.make.me May Mankind eat me alone and take care of me!" Source: Lottie Beck, "The Story of Tan Oak Acorn" (WB_KL-30) | read full texthôoy íf yaxéek yaas'ara'îin kunxúseesh húut where truly you'll.see Humankind they.will.think how Mankind won't think (about her) in any way. Source: Lottie Beck, "The Story of Tan Oak Acorn" (WB_KL-30) | read full textxás yaas'ara'îin kunipêer iim kumá'ii pa'ára u'íinahaak i'áamtiheeshap vaa kúth puharíxay xúrihitiheesh then Humankind they.told.her 2sg. because.of when.humanity it.exists it.will.eat.you so because.of never it.will.be.hungry Then Man told her, "For your sake, when people exist, they will eat you, because of that they will never hunger. Source: Lottie Beck, "The Story of Tan Oak Acorn" (WB_KL-30) | read full textkáruma ník apxanyâamachas tá kunpithxunátiihva yaas'arara'îin pu'ithváaftiheeshap in.fact a.little pretty.caps PERF they.wear.them.on.their.heads Humankind it.will.not.think.well.of.them The fact is, (the others) wear pretty caps, (but) Mankind won't have much use for them. Source: Lottie Beck, "The Story of Tan Oak Acorn" (WB_KL-30) | read full textvíri vaa îin pakín'aaxtih so that TOPIC that.was.killing.them It was that one that was killing them. Source: Nettie Ruben, "Lizard and Grizzly Bear" (WB_KL-34) | read full textpamu'akah'îin kunpápivar his.father he.went.to.search.for.him His father went to look for him. Source: Lottie Beck, "The Story of Madrone" (WB_KL-35) | read full textchavúra uum koovúra tá kunchífich akráa chamuxich'îin finally 3.SG all PERF they.beat eel sucker Finally Sucker won everything from Eel. Source: Mamie Offield, "Eel and Sucker" (WB_KL-37) | read full texthínupa chantirih'îin sú' patá kunvôonkurih vaa kúth pookpaksúrooti pamúsiish surprise Tick inside that she.crawled.in so because.of that.he.cut.it.off.straight his.penis There it was Tick that crawled into him, that's why he cut off his penis. Source: Nettie Ruben, "The Creation of Eels" (WB_KL-41) | read full textaah uum úpaanik púra fâat vúra îin na'íshiptiheeshara fire 3.SG he.says nothing Intensive TOPIC he.will.be.putting.me.out Fire once said, "Nothing can put me out." Source: Mamie Offield, "Victory Over Fire" (WB_KL-45) | read full textkári xás pirishkâarim upiip naa îin nu'íshiptiheesh then then grizzly he.says 1sg. TOPIC I.will.put.it.out Then Grizzly Bear said, "I can put you out." Source: Mamie Offield, "Victory Over Fire" (WB_KL-45) | read full textchavúra púra kára îin ishkáxishrihmathap pá'aah finally nobody TOPIC he.stops.him the.fire Finally nothing stopped Fire. Source: Mamie Offield, "Victory Over Fire" (WB_KL-45) | read full textkári xás upiip naa îin nishkáxishrihmatheesh then then he.says 1sg. TOPIC I.will.stop.him And he said, "I'll stop him." Source: Mamie Offield, "Victory Over Fire" (WB_KL-45) | read full textkári xás upiip aah naa vúra púra fâat îin neeshkáxishrihmatheesh then then he.says fire 1sg. Intensive nothing TOPIC it.will.stop.me And Fire said, "Nothing can stop me." Source: Mamie Offield, "Victory Over Fire" (WB_KL-45) | read full textvíri naa kích îin tá nu'apúnmiik so 1sg. only TOPIC PERF I.learned.it.from.you I alone have learned it from you. Source: Chester Pepper, "Love Medicine" (WB_KL-51) | read full textkári xás uxúsaanik ikmahachram'íshiip veekxaréeyav yaas'ara'îin tana'apúnmiikahaak yaas'ára káru vaa ukupheesh then then he.thought Sacred.Sweathouse.Spirit Humankind if.they.have.learned.it.from.me rich.person also so they.will.do.it And Sacred Sweathouse Spirit thought, "If Mankind has learned it from me, Mankind will do so too." Source: Chester Pepper, "Medicine for the Return of Wives" (WB_KL-52) | read full textkári xás uxúsaanik yaas'ara'îin tá na'apúnmiikahaak víri yaas'ára káru vúra vaa ukupheesh then then he.thought Humankind PERF if.it.learned.it.from.me so rich.person also Intensive so he.will.do.it Then (the father) thought, "If Mankind has learned it from me, Mankind will do this way too." Source: Chester Pepper, "Deer-hunting Medicine" (WB_KL-53) | read full textnaa kích îin tá nu'apúnmiik 1sg. only TOPIC PERF I.learned.it.from.you I alone have learned it from you. Source: Chester Pepper, "Deer-hunting Medicine" (WB_KL-53) | read full textxás vúra tá kunvîiha pakeevnikich'íin then Intensive PERF she.disliked.him the.old.woman But the old woman disliked him. Source: Nettie Ruben, "The Boy from Itúkuk" (WB_KL-57) | read full textvúra tá kunvîiha pakeevnikich'íin Intensive PERF she.disliked.him the.old.woman The old woman disliked him. Source: Nettie Ruben, "The Boy from Itúkuk" (WB_KL-57) | read full textvaa vúra pa'atipimaamvan'îin kinpôonvuuk so Intensive the.buzzard it.brought.them.back The buzzard brought them back. Source: Mamie Offield, "A Trip to the Land of the Dead" (WB_KL-58) | read full textkoovura'îin patá kun'áakup chí nuthtîiti everybody that they.challenged.him soon let's.gamble Everybody challenged him, "Let’s gamble!" Source: Nettie Ruben, "The Pool in Big Rock" (WB_KL-59) | read full textxás upéer chími ôok vúra íkrii tá kuntápkuup pa'arara'íin then she.told.him soon here Intensive live PERF they.liked.him the.people And she told him, "Live here!"; the people liked him. Source: Daisy Jones, "The Snake People" (WB_KL-60) | read full textxás pamutat'îin kunipêer îikam kúuk uumi then his.mother she.told.him outdoors to.there go! And his mother told him, "Go outdoors! Source: Lottie Beck, "The Kidnapped Child" (WB_KL-61) | read full textxás pámita îin kunsíitvat úpeenti xáyfaat mâam kúuk ikuníhivraa then who TOPIC they.stole.him he.told.him don't! uphill to.there you.shoot.over! And the one who stole him told him, "Don't shoot up over the hill!" Source: Lottie Beck, "The Kidnapped Child" (WB_KL-61) | read full textkáruk yítha va'êem kun'êetheepanik mu'arátaanva papreacher muhrooha'íin upriver one doctor she.took.it.away.from.her her.pain the.preacher his.wife The preacher's wife took the 'pain' (disease object) away from a certain doctor upriver. Source: Julia Starritt, "A Quack Doctor" (WB_KL-67) | read full textxás kári poo'íshupish pa'arátaanva xás papreacher muhrooha'íin kunáveep pa'arátaanva then then when.she.displayed.it the.pain then the.preacher his.wife she.took.it.away.from.her the.pain So when (the doctor) displaying the 'pain,' then the preacher's wife took the pain away from her. Source: Julia Starritt, "A Quack Doctor" (WB_KL-67) | read full textíshyuux kuniyvúnkurihvuti pachishih'íin elk they.chased.into.water the.dogs The dogs used to herd elk in (to ravines). Source: Nettie Ruben, "Elk Hunting" (WB_KL-72) | read full textxás kuníshtaakti hâari pamukit'íin then she.held.it sometime its.grandmother And sometimes it was held by its grandmother. Source: Julia Starritt, "The Living-house" (WB_KL-77) | read full textkoovúra'îin kinímuustih everyone they.were.looking.at.us Everyone looked at us. Source: Nettie Ruben, "The Pikiawish at Katimin" (WB_KL-83) | read full text