Ararahih'urípih
A Dictionary and Text Corpus of the Karuk Language

Karuk Dictionary

by William Bright and Susan Gehr (© Karuk Tribe)

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îin new topic; a postposition, indicating that the subject of a sentence is a new topic

Dictionary Entry
lexicon ID #1670 | revised Oct 31 2014

îin POSTP • new topic; a postposition, indicating that the subject of a sentence is a new topic

Note: See article by Macaulay 2000, correcting the description of WB. Subject pronoun prefix with this is always kun- or kin-.


    Sentence examples (85)


    Display mode: sentence | word | word components

    1. nuykáreesh pa'îin púufich i'êethiipvutihat."
      We will kill the one who has been taking the deer from you."
      Source: Mrs. Bennett, "Screech Owl and Coyote" (ALK_14-35) | read full text
    2. yaas'ára îin kinmáahtiheesh."
      And the people who live will see them."
      Source: Margaret Harrie, "The Ten Young Men who Became the Pleiades" (DAF_KT-02) | read full text
    3. xás yítha îin kunipêer: " tá nuparatánmaahpa."
      Then one of them told him: "We have turned back."
      Source: Yaas, "How Grizzly Bear Got his Ears Burnt Off" (JPH_KT-01a) | read full text
    4. " iim vúra îin punêekyáreeshara?" atipimámvaan achvúun úpeeranik.
      "You are not going to kill me?" said Buzzard to Hookbill.
      Source: Yaas, "How Buzzard Became Bald" (JPH_KT-01b) | read full text
    5. xás achvúun uppiip: " naa îin pukinîikyáreeshara, vaa vúra páy kyôomahich nuníshsheesh."
      Then Hookbill said: "I am not going to kill you, this is all that I'm going to do to you."
      Source: Yaas, "How Buzzard Became Bald" (JPH_KT-01b) | read full text
    6. xás úppeeranik, achvúun îin kuníppeeranik: " xáy faat ík vúra ôok ipáfyuk, iim vúra pu'ôok vúrayvutiheeshara."
      And Hookbill told him: "You must never come around here again, you are not going to come around here."
      Source: Yaas, "How Buzzard Became Bald" (JPH_KT-01b) | read full text
    7. vaa uum ifápiitich îin natâatripaavish.
      Then a young girl can hook me out.
      Source: Phoebe Maddux, "Coyote Starts for Klamath Lakes, East Roasted Grasshoppers, Floats Down River and Marries Two Girls" (JPH_KT-05) | read full text
    8. ikrívkihaan xásik arara îin ná'aamtiheesh.
      In the sixth month (April), Human will eat me.
      Source: Yaas, "How Fish were Transformed" (JPH_KT-07) | read full text
    9. kári xas sápxiit úpaanik "payáv îin ná'aamtiheesh."
      Then Steelhead said: “A good person will eat me.”
      Source: Yaas, "How Fish were Transformed" (JPH_KT-07) | read full text
    10. xás pimaníh'aama úpaanik "naa vúra pishîich yaas'ára îin ná'aamtiheesh."
      Then Summer Salmon said: “Human will eat me the first thing (when I get there).”
      Source: Yaas, "How Fish were Transformed" (JPH_KT-07) | read full text
    11. káru uum achvúun úpaanik "naa vúra pishîich yaas'ára îin ná'aamtiheesh, pani'îipmahaak."
      And Hookbill said: “Human will eat me the first thing, when I get there.”
      Source: Yaas, "How Fish were Transformed" (JPH_KT-07) | read full text
    12. kári xás upiip: " uum vúra vaa páy arara'îin kunxúseentih kíri âapun úyruuhriv.
      Then she said: "Someone is causing her sickness.
      Source: Phoebe Maddux, "Bluejay Myth" (JPH_PHM-24-343a) | read full text
    13. xás kúkuum vúra voopiip: " uum vúra arara'îin kunxúseentih."
      Then she said: "Somebody is making it."
      Source: Phoebe Maddux, "Bluejay Myth" (JPH_PHM-24-343a) | read full text
    14. pakoovúra pananuppírish puyíththaxay vúra kúnish vaa kumeekyâahara peheeraha'íppa, vúra chishihpurith'íppa kích vaa kúnish kuméekyav, pa'apxantîich îin tá kinippêer
      Of All Karuk plants the Black Nightshade is Most Like Tobacco, the Whites Tell Us
      Source: Phoebe Maddux, Of All Karuk plants the Black Nightshade is Most Like Tobacco, the Whites Tell Us (JPH_TKIC-III.3) | read full text
    15. púffaat vúra îin áamtihap.
      Nothing eats them.
      Source: Phoebe Maddux, Of All Karuk plants the Black Nightshade is Most Like Tobacco, the Whites Tell Us (JPH_TKIC-III.3) | read full text
    16. chanáakat îin nápar.
      The mosquitos bit me.
      Source: Lucille Albers, Sentences about animals, insects, and going places (LA-04) | read full text
      Spoken by Lucille Albers | Download | Play
    17. chanáakat îin tee párap.
      The mosquito bit you.
      Source: Lucille Albers, Sentences about animals, insects, and going places (LA-04) | read full text
      Spoken by Lucille Albers | Download | Play
    18. papúsihich îin tá námah.
      The cat sees me.
      Source: Vina Smith, Sonny Davis, Sentences about perception, animals, verb tenses (SD-VS-01) | read full text
      Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play
    19. pa'ávansa Orleans úkrii îin íp namáhat.
      The man who lives in Orleans saw me.
      Source: Vina Smith, Sentences with relative clauses, negation, commands (VS-09) | read full text
      Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play
    20. pa'ávansa Orleans úkrii íp îin namáhat.
      The man who lives in Orleans saw me.
      Source: Vina Smith, Sentences with relative clauses, negation, commands (VS-09) | read full text
      Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play
    21. pa'ávansa îin néemusti Orleans aramsîiprintih.
      The man who came from Orleans saw me.
      Source: Vina Smith, Sentences with relative clauses, negation, commands (VS-09) | read full text
      Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play
    22. pa'ávansa Orleans aramsîiprinti iim îin néemustih.
      The man who came from Orleans saw me.
      Source: Vina Smith, Sentences with relative clauses, negation, commands (VS-09) | read full text
      Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play
    23. pa'ávansa îin nipítaptih.
      The man knows me.
      Source: Vina Smith, Sentences with relative clauses, negation, commands (VS-09) | read full text
      Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play
    24. tá numah îin.
      I see you.
      Source: Vina Smith, Sentences with verb paradigms, words for accent (VS-11) | read full text
      Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play
    25. Xás uum paxanchíifich îin kinímuustih.
      And the frog is looking at them.
      Source: Vina Smith, Avansáxiich káru Chishíih káru Xanchíifich (VS-19) | read full text
      Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play
    26. Pa'avansáxiich îin tá kunchuphuníshkoo.
      The boy is talking (to the dog).
      Source: Vina Smith, Avansáxiich káru Chishíih káru Xanchíifich (VS-19) | read full text
      Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play
    27. Xás paxanchíifich îin tá kunímuusti pakunpáatvutih.
      And the frog is looking at them while they're taking a bath.
      Source: Vina Smith, Avansáxiich káru Chishíih káru Xanchíifich (VS-19) | read full text
      Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play
    28. koovúra îin kinimúustiheesh.
      You (one person) are going to look at us.
      Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about looking and talking to people (VS-36) | read full text
      Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play
    29. pananikîit îin neepsháravrikeesh.
      My grandmother will help me.
      Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about weaving a hat (VS-37) | read full text
      Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play
    30. naa iim îin neepsháravriik.
      Will you help me?
      Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about weaving a hat (VS-37) | read full text
      Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play
    31. uum vúra itíhaan îin neepsháravriiktih
      She always helps me.
      Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about weaving a hat (VS-37) | read full text
      Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play
    32. itíhaan îin neepsháravrik.
      She always helps me.
      Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about weaving a hat (VS-37) | read full text
      Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play
    33. káru hôoy akâayva 'îin kun kêemish kun'ákihanik, kéemish u'ávanik.
      "And somewhere, someone, they ... they fed him poison, he ate poison."
      Source: Violet Super, Violet's Dog (VSu-03) | read full text
    34. kári xás pâanpay pishpishih'îin tá kun'av.
      And after a while the yellowjackets ate him.
      Source: Nettie Ruben, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-01) | read full text
    35. chufniivkach'îin káru vúra patá kun'av.
      Flies ate him too.
      Source: Nettie Ruben, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-01) | read full text
    36. chími vúra paasvut'îin káru patá kun'av.
      Soon the ants ate him too.
      Source: Nettie Ruben, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-01) | read full text
    37. xás úpeenti " îim ôok keemisha'îin i'áveeshap."
      And he told (the person sweating), "A monster outside here is going to eat you."
      Source: Chester Pepper, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-03) | read full text
    38. chiimuuch'îin kunxúseeranik " kíri vaa ukúupha, pufáat vúra yávheeshara."
      Lizard thought about him, "Let him do that, nothing will be any good."
      Source: Chester Pepper, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-03) | read full text
    39. xás upíip " yáxa áta uum papihneefich'îin tá nasítviik.
      And he said, "Look, I'll bet Coyote stole it from me.
      Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-04) | read full text
    40. kári xás kun'iruveehíshriihva pa'îin kun'áharamutih, kunímuustih, kunpiip, " fâatkook."
      And those who were chasing him stopped, they looked, they said, "What is it?"
      Source: Mamie Offield, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-05) | read full text
    41. kári xás kunihmáravarak pa'îin kun'áharamutih.
      And the ones chasing him ran down from upriver.
      Source: Mamie Offield, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-05) | read full text
    42. kári xás kunpíip pa'îin kun'áharamutih, " naa nipêesh ' vaa pa'ípa ikmaháchraam kúkreenhat.'"
      Then the ones chasing him said, "I'll bet that was him who was in the sweathouse."
      Source: Mamie Offield, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-05) | read full text
    43. xás pu'akara'îin kínmaahtihap.
      And nobody had seen them.
      Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote Goes to a War Dance" (WB_KL-06) | read full text
    44. xás vúra koovura'îin kunsíinva vúra akárayvava kumayaas'árah, vúra kumeemshúpap.
      And they all failed to recognize anyone so rich, so attractive.
      Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote Goes to a War Dance" (WB_KL-06) | read full text
    45. xás koovura'îin kunímuustih.
      And everybody was looking at him.
      Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote Goes to a War Dance" (WB_KL-06) | read full text
    46. xás patishanihyûum ukvíriprup víri kúna kâam pa'îin kun'áharamuti tá kunihmáravarak.
      And when he ran downriver from tishániik, the ones following him were running down just upriver.
      Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote Goes to a War Dance" (WB_KL-06) | read full text
    47. xás pa'îin kun'áharamuti xára xás kunithyárukha, ayu'âach ishahákaam.
      And those following him were a long time crossing, because there was a lot of water.
      Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote Goes to a War Dance" (WB_KL-06) | read full text
    48. xás paaxich'îin kunímuustih.
      And the children looked at him.
      Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote Steals Fire" (WB_KL-10) | read full text
    49. xás ta'ítam kunihmárasipreeheen, tá kun'áharam pa'áraar îin tá kinipshítviik.
      And so they started to run, they chased the people who had stolen it from them.
      Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote Steals Fire" (WB_KL-10) | read full text
    50. hôoy íf akáray îin xuus i'éethtiheeshap.
      Nobody will take care of you.
      Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote Marries His Own Daughter" (WB_KL-16) | read full text
    51. víri iim xás îin tá néeykar.
      Then you killed me.
      Source: Lottie Beck, "The Perils of Weasel" (WB_KL-18) | read full text
    52. kári xás apsunxarah'îin kun'av.
      But she was eaten by a long snake
      Source: Mamie Offield, "The Perils of Weasel" (WB_KL-19) | read full text
    53. pa'asiktavan'îin kunipêer " xáyfaat, xáyfaat ivâaram."
      The women told him, "Don't, don't go."
      Source: Daisy Jones, "The Perils of Weasel" (WB_KL-20) | read full text
    54. pa'arákaas íp îin kinípeerat, ' kiik'íchunvi.'
      The old man told us to hide.
      Source: Julia Starritt, "The Hair in the Soup" (WB_KL-21) | read full text
    55. xás poopáhariithvunaa pamuhrooha'îin kunipêer " yaxéek iim vaa kích ikupítiheesh.
      And when he caught up with them, his wife told him, "You're going to be doing nothing but this.
      Source: Lottie Beck, "The Greedy Father" (WB_KL-23) | read full text
    56. hûutva kóo mímyaahti pati'ívahaak púra fâat vúra îin aamtíheeshara.
      All your life, when you die, nothing will eat (you).
      Source: Mamie Offield, "The Greedy Father" (WB_KL-24) | read full text
    57. kíri naa vúra kích yaas'arara'îin na'áamti káru tápas neekyâavish."
      May Mankind eat me alone and take care of me!"
      Source: Lottie Beck, "The Story of Tan Oak Acorn" (WB_KL-30) | read full text
    58. hôoy íf yaxéek yaas'ara'îin kunxúseesh húut.'"
      Mankind won't think (about her) in any way.
      Source: Lottie Beck, "The Story of Tan Oak Acorn" (WB_KL-30) | read full text
    59. xás yaas'ara'îin kunipêer " iim kumá'ii pa'ára u'íinahaak i'áamtiheeshap, vaa kúth puharíxay xúrihitiheesh.
      Then Man told her, "For your sake, when people exist, they will eat you, because of that they will never hunger.
      Source: Lottie Beck, "The Story of Tan Oak Acorn" (WB_KL-30) | read full text
    60. káruma ník apxanyâamachas tá kunpithxunátiihva, yaas'arara'îin pu'ithváaftiheeshap."
      The fact is, (the others) wear pretty caps, (but) Mankind won't have much use for them.
      Source: Lottie Beck, "The Story of Tan Oak Acorn" (WB_KL-30) | read full text
    61. víri vaa îin pakín'aaxtih.
      It was that one that was killing them.
      Source: Nettie Ruben, "Lizard and Grizzly Bear" (WB_KL-34) | read full text
    62. pamu'akah'îin kunpápivar.
      His father went to look for him.
      Source: Lottie Beck, "The Story of Madrone" (WB_KL-35) | read full text
    63. chavúra uum koovúra tá kunchífich akráa chamuxich'îin.
      Finally Sucker won everything from Eel.
      Source: Mamie Offield, "Eel and Sucker" (WB_KL-37) | read full text
    64. hínupa chantirih'îin sú' patá kunvôonkurih, vaa kúth pookpaksúrooti pamúsiish.
      There it was Tick that crawled into him, that's why he cut off his penis.
      Source: Nettie Ruben, "The Creation of Eels" (WB_KL-41) | read full text
    65. aah uum úpaanik" púra fâat vúra îin na'íshiptiheeshara."
      Fire once said, "Nothing can put me out."
      Source: Mamie Offield, "Victory Over Fire" (WB_KL-45) | read full text
    66. kári xás pirishkâarim upiip, " naa îin nu'íshiptiheesh."
      Then Grizzly Bear said, "I can put you out."
      Source: Mamie Offield, "Victory Over Fire" (WB_KL-45) | read full text
    67. chavúra púra kára îin ishkáxishrihmathap pá'aah.
      Finally nothing stopped Fire.
      Source: Mamie Offield, "Victory Over Fire" (WB_KL-45) | read full text
    68. kári xás upiip, " naa îin nishkáxishrihmatheesh."
      And he said, "I'll stop him."
      Source: Mamie Offield, "Victory Over Fire" (WB_KL-45) | read full text
    69. kári xás upiip aah, " naa vúra púra fâat îin neeshkáxishrihmatheesh."
      And Fire said, "Nothing can stop me."
      Source: Mamie Offield, "Victory Over Fire" (WB_KL-45) | read full text
    70. víri naa kích îin tá nu'apúnmiik.
      I alone have learned it from you.
      Source: Chester Pepper, "Love Medicine" (WB_KL-51) | read full text
    71. kári xás uxúsaanik ikmahachram'íshiip veekxaréeyav, " yaas'ara'îin tana'apúnmiikahaak, yaas'ára káru vaa ukupheesh."
      And Sacred Sweathouse Spirit thought, "If Mankind has learned it from me, Mankind will do so too."
      Source: Chester Pepper, "Medicine for the Return of Wives" (WB_KL-52) | read full text
    72. kári xás uxúsaanik, " yaas'ara'îin tá na'apúnmiikahaak, víri yaas'ára káru vúra vaa ukupheesh."
      Then (the father) thought, "If Mankind has learned it from me, Mankind will do this way too."
      Source: Chester Pepper, "Deer-hunting Medicine" (WB_KL-53) | read full text
    73. naa kích îin tá nu'apúnmiik.
      I alone have learned it from you.
      Source: Chester Pepper, "Deer-hunting Medicine" (WB_KL-53) | read full text
    74. xás vúra tá kunvîiha, pakeevnikich'íin.
      But the old woman disliked him.
      Source: Nettie Ruben, "The Boy from Itúkuk" (WB_KL-57) | read full text
    75. vúra tá kunvîiha, pakeevnikich'íin.
      The old woman disliked him.
      Source: Nettie Ruben, "The Boy from Itúkuk" (WB_KL-57) | read full text
    76. vaa vúra pa'atipimaamvan'îin kinpôonvuuk.
      The buzzard brought them back.
      Source: Mamie Offield, "A Trip to the Land of the Dead" (WB_KL-58) | read full text
    77. koovura'îin patá kun'áakup, " chí nuthtîiti!"
      Everybody challenged him, "Let’s gamble!"
      Source: Nettie Ruben, "The Pool in Big Rock" (WB_KL-59) | read full text
    78. xás upéer, " chími ôok vúra íkrii," tá kuntápkuup pa'arara'íin.
      And she told him, "Live here!"; the people liked him.
      Source: Daisy Jones, "The Snake People" (WB_KL-60) | read full text
    79. xás pamutat'îin kunipêer " îikam kúuk uumi.
      And his mother told him, "Go outdoors!
      Source: Lottie Beck, "The Kidnapped Child" (WB_KL-61) | read full text
    80. xás pámita îin kunsíitvat úpeenti " xáyfaat mâam kúuk ikuníhivraa."
      And the one who stole him told him, "Don't shoot up over the hill!"
      Source: Lottie Beck, "The Kidnapped Child" (WB_KL-61) | read full text
    81. káruk yítha va'êem kun'êetheepanik mu'arátaanva papreacher muhrooha'íin.
      The preacher's wife took the 'pain' (disease object) away from a certain doctor upriver.
      Source: Julia Starritt, "A Quack Doctor" (WB_KL-67) | read full text
    82. xás kári poo'íshupish pa'arátaanva xás papreacher muhrooha'íin kunáveep pa'arátaanva.
      So when (the doctor) displaying the 'pain,' then the preacher's wife took the pain away from her.
      Source: Julia Starritt, "A Quack Doctor" (WB_KL-67) | read full text
    83. íshyuux kuniyvúnkurihvuti pachishih'íin.
      The dogs used to herd elk in (to ravines).
      Source: Nettie Ruben, "Elk Hunting" (WB_KL-72) | read full text
    84. xás kuníshtaakti hâari pamukit'íin.
      And sometimes it was held by its grandmother.
      Source: Julia Starritt, "The Living-house" (WB_KL-77) | read full text
    85. koovúra'îin kinímuustih.
      Everyone looked at us.
      Source: Nettie Ruben, "The Pikiawish at Katimin" (WB_KL-83) | read full text