Ararahih'urípih
A Dictionary and Text Corpus of the Karuk Language

Karuk Dictionary

by William Bright and Susan Gehr (© Karuk Tribe)

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ikxaréeyav spirit person; a god, such as inhabited the earth before the coming of humans

Dictionary Entry
lexicon ID #2252 | revised Feb 03 2015

ikxaréeyav • N • spirit person; a god, such as inhabited the earth before the coming of humans

Derivation:  ikxarée yav
ikxarée good

Derivatives (9)
ikxaniyákuunich "sacred stones used in the ameekyaaraam salmon ceremony and in the Orleans world renewal (Kroeber & Gifford, 7, 37)"
ikxaréeya mukinínaasich "deer (word used in deer-hunting formulas)"
ikxaréeyav mukinínaasich "deer (word used in deer-hunting formulas)"
ikxariyâahiv "time of the gods or spirit-people"
ikxariyáhaam "a woman's name, Phoebe Maddux"
ikxariyákaam "firewood carrier, i.e. a cord for tying up a bundle of wood"
ikxariyátuuyship "Offield Mountain"
ikxariyeekmaháchraam "sacred sweathouse at Orleans"
ikxariya'áraar ""medicine man", the priest who officiates at the world-renewal ceremony (Kroeber and Gifford, p.7)"

Source: WB 540, p.342; TK 85.8-9, 85.22

Note: The plural is ikxaréeyavsa (TK 74.3). The alternant ikxariya- sometimes occurs in compounds.

  • xás uxus, naa káru ikxaréeyav. Then he thought, "I too am an ikxareeyav." [Reference: How Fish Were Made 010]

Sentence examples (32)

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  1. xás   vúra   uumkun   hitíhaan   pa-kaan   kun-ivyíihmu-tih-anik   p-eekxaréeyav   váa   kumá'ii   pa-kun-'úuhyana-tih-anik   hûut   áta   pa-kun-kupí-tih-eesh   yaas'ára  
    then   Intensive   they   always   NOMZ-there   3pl(>3s)-go.to.(pl.)-DUR-ANC   the-spirit.person   so   because.of   NOMZ-3pl(>3s)-speak-DUR-ANC   how   maybe   NOMZ-3pl(>3s)-do-DUR-FUT   rich.person  
    The First People went in there all the time, since they were talking over what humans were going to do.
    Source: Yaas, "How Grizzly Bear Got his Ears Burnt Off" (JPH_KT-01a) | read full text

  2. víri   vaa   mu-'íffuth   pirishkyâarim   ta   'íp   uum   máruk   kúkkuum   kári   vaa   kun-kúpha-'anik   p-eekxaréeyav   atipimámvaan   achvúun   xákkaan   kun-váthth-êen'nik  
    so   so   3sPOSS-afterward   grizzly   PERF   PAST   3.SG   uphill   again   then   so   3pl(>3s)-do-ANC   the-spirit.person   buzzard   hookbill.salmon   both   3pl(>3s)-fight-ANC  
    Then after Grizzly Bear was already up the hill, again the Ikxareyavs did it, Buzzard and Hookbill had a fight.
    Source: Yaas, "How Buzzard Became Bald" (JPH_KT-01b) | read full text

  3. p-eekxaréeyav   yíchakanach   koovúra   kun-pamfipishniháyaacha  
    the-spirit.person   all.in.one.place   all   3pl(>3s)-come.all.together  
    The gods all gathered together.
    Source: Chester Pepper, "Coyote's Gambling Song" (WB_KL-13) | read full text
    Spoken by Chester Pepper | Download | Play

  4. p-eekxaréeyav   vúra   ixráam   u-pikyafipáyaachha  
    the-spirit.person   Intensive   bet   3s(>3)-win.back.(in.betting)  
    He won back the stakes from the gods.
    Source: Chester Pepper, "Coyote's Gambling Song" (WB_KL-13) | read full text
    Spoken by Chester Pepper | Download | Play

  5. p-eekxaréeyav   vaa   u-kúph-aanik  
    the-spirit.person   so   3s(>3)-do-ANC  
    The gods did this.
    Source: Chester Pepper, "The Origin of the Pikiawish" (WB_KL-47) | read full text

  6. p-eekxaréeyav   vúra   uum   kun-ikyâa-nik  
    the-spirit.person   Intensive   3.SG   3pl(>3s)-make-ANC  
    The gods made it.
    Source: Nettie Ruben, "The Origin of the Pikiawish" (WB_KL-48) | read full text

  7. panamníh-maam   koovúra   tá   kun-imfipíshriihva   p-eekxariya-'ifápiit-shas  
    Orleans-behind   all   PERF   3pl(>3s)-come.together   the-spirit.person-young.unmarried.woman-PL  
    All the spirit girls gathered back of Orleans.
    Source: Nettie Ruben, "Medicine to Get a Husband" (WB_KL-50) | read full text

  8. víri   kôokinay   kahyúras   tá   kun-'aramsípriin   p-eekxariya-'ifápiit-shas  
    so   everywhere   Klamath.Lakes   PERF   3pl(>3s)-start.out   the-spirit.person-young.unmarried.woman-PL  
    They came from Klamath Lakes and everywhere, the spirit girls.
    Source: Nettie Ruben, "Medicine to Get a Husband" (WB_KL-50) | read full text

  9. víri   p-oo-túraayva   púra fátaak   vúra   yâahi-tih-ara   pa-kun-'ûupvu-naa-tih   p-eekxariya-'ifápiit-sha  
    so   NOMZ-3s(>3)-look.around   nowhere   Intensive   be.good-DUR-NEG   NOMZ-3pl(>3s)-dig.roots-PL-DUR   the-spirit.person-young.unmarried.woman-PL  
    When she looked around, she couldn't fit in anyplace where the spirit girls were digging roots.
    Source: Nettie Ruben, "Medicine to Get a Husband" (WB_KL-50) | read full text

  10. víri   p-eekxariya-'ifápiit-sha   tá   kun-piip   íf   u-xú-tih   ni-tâatruprav-eesh  
    so   the-spirit.person-young.unmarried.woman-PL   PERF   3pl(>3s)-say   truly   3s(>3)-think-DUR   1s(>3)-scoop.out-FUT  
    The spirit girls said, "She really thinks she's going to dig up something!"
    Source: Nettie Ruben, "Medicine to Get a Husband" (WB_KL-50) | read full text

  11. víri   chavúra   tapipshítaani   kári   xás   kun-piip   p-eekxariya-'ifápiit-shas   yáxa   hûut   u-pí-tih  
    so   finally   after.a.while   then   then   3pl(>3s)-say   the-spirit.person-young.unmarried.woman-PL   look!   how   3s(>3)-say-DUR  
    Finally after a while the spirit girls said, "Look, what is she saying?"
    Source: Nettie Ruben, "Medicine to Get a Husband" (WB_KL-50) | read full text

  12. kári   xás   vaa   kun-kúupha   p-eekxariya-'ifápiit-sha  
    then   then   so   3pl(>3s)-do   the-spirit.person-young.unmarried.woman-PL  
    Then the spirit girls did this.
    Source: Nettie Ruben, "Medicine to Get a Husband" (WB_KL-50) | read full text

  13. p-oo-túraayva   yánava   koovúra   tá   púfaat   p-eekxariya-'ifápiit-sha  
    NOMZ-3s(>3)-look.around   visible   all   PERF   nothing   the-spirit.person-young.unmarried.woman-PL  
    When (the poor one) looked around, she saw they were all gone, the spirit girls.
    Source: Nettie Ruben, "Medicine to Get a Husband" (WB_KL-50) | read full text

  14. ôok   kun-'íf-anik   ithivthanéen'aachip   áxak   ikxareeyav-'ifápiit-ich-as  
    here   3pl(>3s)-grow-ANC   center.of.world   two   spirit.person-young.unmarried.woman-DIM-PL  
    Two spirit girls grew up here at the middle of the world.
    Source: Chester Pepper, "Love Medicine" (WB_KL-51) | read full text

  15. víri   p-eekxaréeyav   tá   kun-imfipishniháyavha  
    so   the-spirit.person   PERF   3pl(>3s)-assemble.from.all.over  
    The spirits gathered together.
    Source: Chester Pepper, "Love Medicine" (WB_KL-51) | read full text

  16. u-xús   naa   káru   ikxaréeyav  
    3s(>3)-think   1sg.   also   spirit.person  
    He thought, "I'm a spirit too."
    Source: Chester Pepper, "Love Medicine" (WB_KL-51) | read full text

  17. axmáy   kun-ithvíripvarak   p-eekxareeyav-'ifápiit-ich-as  
    suddenly   3pl(>3s)-run.downriver.(two)   the-spirit.person-young.unmarried.woman-DIM-PL  
    Suddenly the spirit girls ran down from upriver.
    Source: Chester Pepper, "Love Medicine" (WB_KL-51) | read full text

  18. axmáy   yúruk   kun-ithvíripraa   p-eekxareeyav-'ifápiit-ich-as  
    suddenly   downriver   3pl(>3s)-run.up.from.downriver.(two)   the-spirit.person-young.unmarried.woman-DIM-PL  
    Suddenly the spirit girls ran up from downriver.
    Source: Chester Pepper, "Love Medicine" (WB_KL-51) | read full text

  19. teepshítaanivanihich   axmáy   kun-íthyiimfuruk   p-eekxareeyav-'ifápiit-ich-as  
    after.a.while   suddenly   3pl(>3s)-fall.into.house.(two)   the-spirit.person-young.unmarried.woman-DIM-PL  
    In a little while, suddenly the spirit girls fell into the house.
    Source: Chester Pepper, "Love Medicine" (WB_KL-51) | read full text

  20. kun-máah-ti   p-eekxaréeyav   t-u-'íifship  
    3pl(>3s)-see-DUR   NOMZ-spirit.person   PERF-3s(>3)-grow.up  
    They would see where a spirit had grown up (i.e., was living).
    Source: Chester Pepper, "Medicine for the Return of Wives" (WB_KL-52) | read full text

  21. kúkuum   fátaak   tá   kun-máh   ikxaréeyav   t-u-'íifship  
    again   somewhere   PERF   3pl(>3s)-see   spirit.person   PERF-3s(>3)-grow.up  
    Again somewhere they would see that a spirit had grown up.
    Source: Chester Pepper, "Medicine for the Return of Wives" (WB_KL-52) | read full text

  22. yánava   ikxaréeyav   t-u-'íifship  
    visible   spirit.person   PERF-3s(>3)-grow.up  
    They saw a spirit had grown up.
    Source: Chester Pepper, "Medicine for the Return of Wives" (WB_KL-52) | read full text

  23. xás   u-xú-ti   ikxaréeyav   u-'árih-raa  
    then   3s(>3)-think-DUR   spirit.person   3s(>3)-jump-here  
    And he thought, "A spirit is coming up."
    Source: Chester Pepper, "Medicine for the Return of Wives" (WB_KL-52) | read full text

  24. víri   kôokaninay   ni-'aapúnmu-ti   p-eekxaréeyav   t-u-'íifship  
    so   everywhere   1s(>3)-know-DUR   NOMZ-spirit.person   PERF-3s(>3)-grow.up  
    I know everyplace that a spirit has grown up.
    Source: Chester Pepper, "Medicine for the Return of Wives" (WB_KL-52) | read full text

  25. p-eekxaréeyav   kun-piykára-naa   ikxaréeyav mukinínaasich  
    the-spirit.person   3pl(>3s)-slaughter-PL   deer  
    The (other) spirits were killing the deer.
    Source: Chester Pepper, "Deer-hunting Medicine" (WB_KL-53) | read full text

  26. kári   xás   kun-piip   asaxêevar   v-eekxaréeyav   xákaan   chími   kun-ímthaatv-eesh  
    then   then   3pl(>3s)-say   mossy   3sPOSS-spirit.person   both   soon   3pl(>3s)-play."stick.game"-FUT  
    And they said, Baldy Peak Spirit (said), "Let's play shinny together!"
    Source: Mamie Offield, "Shinny Game Medicine" (WB_KL-54) | read full text

  27. yukún   uum   káru   ishímfir   asaxêevar   v-eekxaréeyav  
    you.see   3.SG   also   brave   mossy   3sPOSS-spirit.person  
    You see, Baldy Peak Spirit was tough too.
    Source: Mamie Offield, "Shinny Game Medicine" (WB_KL-54) | read full text

  28. asaxêevar   v-eekxaréeyam   mú-'arama   xákaan   tá   kun-'îimasar  
    mossy   3sPOSS-spirit.person   3sPOSS-child   both   PERF   3pl(>3s)-grapple.with  
    He and Baldy Peak Spirit's child grabbed each other (preparatory to play).
    Source: Mamie Offield, "Shinny Game Medicine" (WB_KL-54) | read full text

  29. ta'ítam   u-'îimasar-aheen   asaxêevar   v-eekxaréeyav   xákaan  
    so   3s(>3)-grapple.with-ANT   mossy   3sPOSS-spirit.person   with.(one.person)  
    So he grappled with Baldy Peak Spirit.
    Source: Mamie Offield, "Shinny Game Medicine" (WB_KL-54) | read full text

  30. yukún   uum   ikxareeyaa-tâapas   u-'iifshípree-nik   iknûumin veekxaréeyav  
    you.see   3.SG   spirit.person-most   3s(>3)-grow.up-ANC   Burrill.Peak.spirit  
    You see, Burrill Peak Spirit had grown up into a real ikxaréeyav.
    Source: Mamie Offield, "Shinny Game Medicine" (WB_KL-54) | read full text

  31. xás   pa-'aneekyávaan   vúra   kúnish   ikxaréeyav  
    then   the-doctor   Intensive   sort.of   spirit.person  
    And the doctor was kind of (like) an ikxaréeyav.
    Source: Julia Starritt, "The Sweating Doctor" (WB_KL-81) | read full text

  32. ikxaréeyav  
    spirit.person  
    It's an ikxaréeyav (a divine person, a god).
    Source: Nettie Ruben, "The Pikiawish at Katimin" (WB_KL-83) | read full text