Margaret Harrie: "The Ten Young Men who Became the Pleiades" (1927)
Primary participants: Margaret Harrie (speaker), Jaime de Angulo (researcher),
L.S. Freeland (researcher)
Date: 1927
Location: Northern California
Project identifier: DAF_KT-02
Publication details: Jaime de Angulo and L.S. Freeland,International Journal of American Linguistics 6 (1931), pp. 206-211
PDF of published text: http://linguistics.berkeley.edu/~karuk/text-pdfs/DAF_KT-02.pdf
Additional contributors: Line Mikkelsen (annotator), Ebony Milbury (annotator), Michelle Park (annotator), William Ton (annotator), Yichuan Yang (annotator)
Note: This text has been retranscribed in current spelling and some translations have been modified to better reflect Karuk sentence structure.
Text display mode: paragraph | sentence | word | word components
[1] | uknîi | kaan | kun-'áraarahi-ti | itráhyar | mu-'túnviiv | avansa-múrax |
once.upon.a.time | there | 3pl(>3s)-live.(pl.)-DUR | ten | 3sPOSS-children | man-nothing.but |
Uknii. They lived there. His ten children were just boys. |
(de Angulo and Freeland translates this sentence "Ukniii ... There lived some people who had ten children, all of them boys." It has been changed here to better reflect the Karuk sentence structure.) |
[2] | mah'íitnihach | tá | kun-'ivyíihrupuk | tá | kun-'ákunvan-va |
early.morning | PERF | 3pl(>3s)-go.outdoors.(pl.) | PERF | 3pl(>3s)-go.hunting-PL.ACT |
Early in the morning they go out hunting. |
[3] | ikxúrar | tá | kun-pavyíhuk | koovúra | ichámahich | pa-mukun-púufich |
evening | PERF | 3pl(>3s)-come.back.(pl.) | all | one.by.one | the-3plPOSS-deer |
In the evening they all return one by one with their deer. |
(de Angulo and Freeland translates this sentence "In the evening they return, each one with their deer." It has been changed here to better reflect the Karuk sentence structure.) |
[4] | xas | mu-yiimúsich | káru | ník | u-'áraarahi-ti | áxak | yeeripáxvuh-sa | kaan | kun-'iin |
then | 3sPOSS-little.ways.off | also | a.little | 3s(>3)-live.(pl.)-DUR | two | adolescent.girl-PL | there | 3pl(>3s)-(two).be |
And (others) lived close by. Two girls lived there. |
(de Angulo and Freeland translates this sentence "And close by there were some other people living, who had two daughers." It has been changed here to better reflect the Karuk sentence structure.) |
[5] | xas | pa-'ávansa | mukun-'ikrívraam | váshihkam | u-súruruprin-ahi-ti | vaa | kaan | kun-thanfúrukvu-ti | pa-púufich |
then | the-man | 3plPOSS-house | behind | 3s(>3)-have.holes-ESS-DUR | that | there | 3pl(>3s)-move.(things).into.house-DUR | the-deer |
Now there was a hole in the back of the boys' house, they dragged the deer in there. |
(de Angulo and Freeland translates this sentence "Now, those boys, they always dragged in their deer through a hole in the back of their house. " It has been changed here to better reflect the Karuk sentence structure.) |
[6] | úum | pa-pihnîichich | vúra | kich | itíhaan | iinâak | ú-krii | áah | u-kyâa-tih |
3.SG | the-old.man | Intensive | only | always | indoors | 3s(>3)-live | fire | 3s(>3)-make-DUR |
Their old man always sat inside, tending the fire. |
[7] | káru | u-mnîish-ti | pa-kun-'áv-eesh | pa-kun-pavyíihuk-ahaak |
also | 3s(>3)-cook-DUR | NOMZ-3pl(>3s)-eat-FUT | NOMZ-3pl(>3s)-come.back.(pl.)-when |
Also he was doing the cooking so they should find their meal ready when they came home. |
[8] | kári | xas | pa-yeeripáxvuh-sa | kin-'ipêer |
then | then | the-adolescent.girl-PL | 3pl>3pl-say.to |
Well, then, people told the girls, |
[9] | chi | váa | kúuk | kiik-'uum-i | kíri | váa | káan | ku-'iin | kíri | vaa | mikun-'ávan | íf | pufich'iykáraan-sas |
soon | that | to.there | 2pl(>3)-arrive-IMPER | I.wish | that | there | 2pl(>3)-(two).be | I.wish | that | 2plPOSS-husband | truly | deer-slayer-PL |
"Go over there to live! That's where we want you to live! You had better marry those boys, they are such good hunters!" |
[10] | xas | kun-'iyâaram | kaan | kun-'uum |
then | 3pl(>3s)-(two.people).go | there | 3pl(>3s)-arrive |
So they went and they got there. |
[11] | pa-pihnîich | pácheech | ú-krii |
the-old.man | all.alone | 3s(>3)-live |
The old man was sitting alone. |
[12] | xas | tá | ikxúrar | axmay | mâaka | ú-xak |
then | PERF | evening | suddenly | in.other.room | 3s(>3)-make.noise |
And when evening came suddenly there was a noise at the back of the house. |
[13] | káruma | tá | íp | kun-pikyaar-at | pa-xuun |
in.fact | PERF | PAST | 3pl(>3s)-finish-PAST | the-acorn.soup |
Already they had cooked the acorn mush. |
[14] | itráhyar | pa-'asíp-iit-sa | káru | vaa | kóohoo | imvarám-piit-sa | káru | itráhyar | síkih |
ten | the-bowl-new-PL | little.ways.off | that | as.much.as | plate-new-PL | also | ten | spoon |
There were ten new bowls, and also ten new plates, and also ten spoons. |
[15] | koovúra | pa-xuun | ávahkam | pa-'imváram | mûuk | tá | kun-p-ithxup-va |
all | the-acorn.soup | over | the-plate | with.(by.means.of) | PERF | 3pl(>3s)-ITER-cover-ESS |
And each bowl was covered with its plate. |
[16] | xas | pa-púufich | tá | kun-thathyúrufuruk-va | ma' | kûukam |
then | the-deer | PERF | 3pl(>3s)-drag.indoors.(pl.)-PL.ACT | uphill | in.that.direction |
Then they dragged in the deer through the hole in the wall at the back of the house. |
[17] | xas | u-píip | chími | kiik-'íchunv-i | sípnuukan | kiik-'iru-váramnih-i |
then | 3s(>3)-say | soon | 2pl(>3)-hide.oneself-IMPER | storage.basket.in | 2pl(>3)-PL-go.in-IMPER |
But (the old man) had said, "You had better hide! Get into the storage basket, quick!" |
[18] | xas | yítha | u-píip | "fâat | kumá'ii | pa-nu-'íchunv-eesh |
then | one | 3s(>3)-say | "what | because.of | NOMZ-1pl(>3)-hide.oneself-FUT |
And one of the girls asked, "What for do we have to hide?" |
[19] | xas | yítha | u-píip | "xâatik | nu-'íchunva |
then | one | 3s(>3)-say | "it's.better | 1pl(>3)-hide.oneself |
But the other said, "Yes, we had better hide!" |
[20] | xas | kun-pavyíihfuruk | xas | kun-'ipêer | "chu | pihnîich | pay | mi-váfish |
then | 3pl(>3s)-go.back.indoors.(pl.) | then | 3pl(>3s)-say.to | "here! | old.man | this | 2sPOSS-liver |
And then (the ten young men) came in, and they said, "Here, old man, here is your liver!" |
[21] | xas | u-píip | "pûuhara | ávansa | kípa | ûum | vúup | u-cháfich-tih |
then | 3s(>3)-say | "no | man | like | barely | neck | 3s(>3)-gnaw.meat-DUR |
But he answered, "No indeed! Men always chew the neck!" |
[22] | xas | u-pakúriihva | "súnunuk | á-ni-nak | ki-yánee | náa | pu-váfish | na-vishtan-tih-ara |
then | 3s(>3)-sing.songs | "secretly | á-ni-nak | ki-yánee | 1sg. | NEG-liver | 1s(>3)-like.(food)-DUR-NEG |
And he started singing, "In secret...Tra-la-la...I don't like liver. |
[23] | vúup | kich | kípa | ni-cháfich-tih |
neck | only | like | 1s(>3)-gnaw.meat-DUR |
The neck is what I want to chew!" |
[24] | xas | u-píip | "pihnîich | tharampuka-yaa-'íshara | i-kyâa-heen |
then | 3s(>3)-say | "old.man | acorn.soup-good-extremely | 2s(>3)-make-ANT |
(One of the boys) said, "Old man, that's awfully good mush you fixed today!" |
[25] | xas | u-píip | "páy | xas | íp | na-pakyâa-t |
then | 3s(>3)-say | "this | then | PAST | 1s-succeed-PAST |
And he answered, "Oh! I just had luck with it, that's all!" |
[26] | xas | yítha | pa-mu-xuun-ak | ífuni | u-mah |
then | one | do-3sPOSS-acorn.soup-Locative | hair | 3s(>3)-see |
Then one of the boys found a hair in his mush. |
[27] | xas | u-píip | "pihnîich | ifuniha-xarah-'íshara | pa-mi-'ífunih |
then | 3s(>3)-say | "old.man | hair-long-extremely | the-2sPOSS-hair |
And he said, "Old man! What long hair you have!" |
[28] | xas | u-píip | "vup-'áfiv | tákurukriv-an | hitíhaan | íp | na-páknitsurun-at |
then | 3s(>3)-say | "neck-bottom | be.in.coil-Participial | always | PAST | 2s/3s>1s-pluck.off-PAST |
And the old man answered, "I pulled if off out of the back of my neck where the hair is so curly, you know." |
[29] | káruma | vúra | nik | pu-fuhíish-tih-ap |
in.fact | Intensive | a.little | NEG-believe-DUR-NEG |
But they didn't believe a word of it. |
[30] | xas | pa-kun-pámvaar | kun-'ivyíihrupuk |
then | NOMZ-3pl(>3s)-finish.eating | 3pl(>3s)-go.outdoors.(pl.) |
And when they got through eating they went out. |
[31] | ikmaháchrahaam | kúuk | kun-pavyíihma |
sweathouse | to | 3pl(>3s)-go.back.to.(pl.) |
They went out to the sweathouse. |
[32] | xas | kun-'ikviit-hi-naa-ha |
then | 3pl(>3s)-sleep-PL-DENOM |
Then they went to sleep. |
[33] | xas | pa-pihníich | u-píip | "chími | kiik-p-iru-vôonishuk-i |
then | the-old.man | 3s(>3)-say | "soon | 2pl(>3)-ITER-PL-crawl.out-IMPER |
Then the old man said to the girls, "Come out now!" |
[34] | xas | kun-p-iru-vôonishuk |
then | 3pl(>3s)-ITER-PL-crawl.out |
And they came out. |
[35] | xas | yítha | u-píip | "hûut | kumá'ii | pa-tá | kin-'íchunva |
then | one | 3s(>3)-say | "how | because.of | NOMZ-PERF | 2>1pl-hide.oneself |
Then one of them said, "What for did you hide us? |
[36] | xáyfaat | ik | kúkuum | nu-'íchunva |
don't! | must | again | 1pl(>3)-hide.oneself |
We won't hide again!" |
[37] | aayâach | pa-pihníich | t-óo | píip | "kúkuum | mah'íitnihach | ku-'íchunv-eesh | pa-chími | kun-pávyiihfuruk-heesh-haak |
it.was.because | the-old.man | PERF-3s(>3) | say | "again | early.morning | 2pl(>3)-hide.oneself-FUT | NOMZ-soon | 3pl(>3s)-go.back.indoors.(pl.)-FUT-when |
Because the old man had said, "You must hide again tomorrow morning before they come into the house." |
[38] | xas | mah'íitnihach | kun-'iruvôonsip | xas | kun-'ímnish | xuun |
then | early.morning | 3pl(>3s)-get.up | then | 3pl(>3s)-cook | acorn.soup |
Early the next morning, they got up and cooked the acorn mush. |
[39] | tá | kun-tharámpuk |
PERF | 3pl(>3s)-cook.acorn.soup |
They cooked the acorn mush. |
[40] | xas | kun-pávyiihfuruk | koovúra | tá | kári | pa-kun-'áv-eesh |
then | 3pl(>3s)-go.back.indoors.(pl.) | all | PERF | then | NOMZ-3pl(>3s)-eat-FUT |
Then all (the boys) came into the house all ready to eat. |
[41] | xas | kun-'ipêer | "pa-pihníich | íp | nik | nu-xus-at | tharampuka-yaa-'íshara |
then | 3pl(>3s)-say.to | "the-old.man | PAST | a.little | 1pl(>3)-think-PAST | acorn.soup-good-extremely |
Then one of them said, "Old man, we have been thinking about what a good cook you are!" |
(de Angulo and Freeland translates "nuxusat" as "we have been talking". It has been changed "we've been thinking" here to better reflect the Karuk word choice.) |
[42] | púxay | vúra | chuuphí-tih-ara |
not.yet | Intensive | speak-DUR-NEG |
But he never answered anything. |
[43] | xas | pa-kun-pámvaar | kun-'ákunvan-va |
then | NOMZ-3pl(>3s)-finish.eating | 3pl(>3s)-go.hunting-PL.ACT |
And when they got through eating they went out to hunt. |
[44] | xas | pa-'asiktávaan-sa | káru | áhup | tá | kun-túrar |
then | the-woman-PL | also | wood | PERF | 3pl(>3s)-go.gather.wood |
Then the women went out to fetch firewood. |
[45] | kusripán-'ahup | kun-túrish |
madrone.tree-wood | 3pl(>3s)-finish.gathering.wood |
They brought in madrone wood. |
[46] | kári | xás | kúkuum | tá | ikxúrar | kun-'imnísh-aheen |
then | then | again | PERF | evening | 3pl(>3s)-cook-ANT |
And then again in the afternoon they cooked. |
[47] | káru | kun-tharámpuk |
also | 3pl(>3s)-cook.acorn.soup |
They cooked. |
[48] | axmay | ma'kúkam | ú-xak |
suddenly | just.uphill | 3s(>3)-make.noise |
Suddenly there was a noise at the back of the house. |
[49] | xas | vaa | káan | kun-thathyúrufuruk-va | pa-mukun-púufich | itráhyar | xas | kun-'av |
then | that | there | 3pl(>3s)-drag.indoors.(pl.)-PL.ACT | the-3plPOSS-deer | ten | then | 3pl(>3s)-eat |
They dragged in their deer into the house and then the ten young men ate. |
(de Angulo and Freeland translates this sentence "They dragged in their deer into the house and they ate." It has been changed here to better reflect the Karuk sentence structure.) |
[50] | kun-pámvaar | kun-'ivyíihrupuk | ikmaháchraam | tá | kun-'ásivan-va |
3pl(>3s)-finish.eating | 3pl(>3s)-go.outdoors.(pl.) | sweathouse | PERF | 3pl(>3s)-go.(somewhere).to.sleep-PL.ACT |
When they got through eating, they went outdoors, they went to their sweathouse to sleep. |
(de Angulo and Freeland translates this sentence "When they got through eating, they went out to their sweathouse to sleep." It has been changed here to better reflect the Karuk sentence structure.) |
[51] | kúkuum | mah'íitnihach | tá | kun-'ákunvan-va | pa-tá | kun-pámvaar |
again | early.morning | PERF | 3pl(>3s)-go.hunting-PL.ACT | NOMZ-PERF | 3pl(>3s)-finish.eating |
And again in the early morning they went forth to hunt when they got through eating. |
[52] | xas | yítha | u-píip | "náama | tá | ni-yêeripha | chími | piyâaram-i |
then | one | 3s(>3)-say | "as.for.me | PERF | 1s(>3)-go.through.puberty | soon | go.back.(two.people)-IMPER |
Then one day, one of the girls said, "Listen, I am going through puberty, let's go home!" |
(de Angulo and Freeland translates "tá niyêeripha" as "I am menstruating". It has been changed here to better reflect the meaning of the Karuk phrase.) |
[53] | xas | yítha | u-píip | "pûuhara | yaayâach | pa-pihníich | nú-peen | tá | nu-piyâaram |
then | one | 3s(>3)-say | "no | better | the-old.man | 1pl(>3)-say.to | PERF | 1pl(>3)-go.back.(two.people) |
But the other said, "No, it is better to tell the old man before we go." |
[54] | xas | kun-'ipêer | "tá | nu-piyâaram |
then | 3pl(>3s)-say.to | "PERF | 1pl(>3)-go.back.(two.people) |
So they went and said to him, "We are going home." |
[55] | xas | u-píip | "xáyfaat | ôok | vúra | kíik-'iin-i |
then | 3s(>3)-say | "don't! | here | Intensive | 2pl(>3)-(two).be-IMPER |
But he said, "Don't do that! Stay right here!" |
[56] | xas | kun-píip | "chémi |
then | 3pl(>3s)-say | "all.right |
So they said, "All right!" |
[57] | xas | ikxúrar | kun-pavyíhuk | pa-'avansa |
then | evening | 3pl(>3s)-come.back.(pl.) | the-man |
Then in the evening the boys came home. |
[58] | xas | pa-pihnîich | u-píip | "chími | nu-'íhukvunaa |
then | the-old.man | 3s(>3)-say | "soon | 1pl(>3)-have.flower.dance |
Then the old man said, "Let's have a puberty dance! |
[59] | káruma | t-u-yêeripha | pa-yêeripaxvuh |
in.fact | PERF-3s(>3)-go.through.puberty | the-adolescent.girl |
Now that girl is going through puberty." |
(de Angulo and Freeland translation is "Now that girl is menstruating". It has been changed here to better reflect the meaning of the Karuk.) |
[60] | xas | kun-píip | "hôoy | if |
then | 3pl(>3s)-say | "where | truly |
And they said, "Nonsense!" |
[61] | xas | u-píip | "vúra | nu-'íhukvunaa-vish |
then | 3s(>3)-say | "Intensive | 1pl(>3)-have.flower.dance-FUT |
Then he said, "Indeed! We will have to dance!" |
[62] | xas | kun-píip | "nuu | nu-sêey-ti | pá-vaa | kooka-pákurih |
then | 3pl(>3s)-say | "we | 1pl(>3)-not.know-DUR | NOMZ-so | kind-song |
Then they said, "We don't know that kind of song!" |
(de Angulo and Freeland translation is "Then they said, `But we don't know how to sing!' ". It has been changed here to better reflect the Karuk original.) |
[63] | xas | u-píip | "minik | naa | ni-'ítap-tih |
then | 3s(>3)-say | "of.course | 1sg. | 1s(>3)-know-DUR |
And he said, "I know it!" |
(de Angulo and Freeland translation is "And he said, `I know how!' " It has been changed here to better reflect the Karuk original.) |
[64] | xas | kun-píip | "chími | man |
then | 3pl(>3s)-say | "soon | why... |
Then they said, "All right!" |
[65] | xas | îikam | kích | vúra | pa-kun-tátuyshur |
then | outdoors | only | Intensive | NOMZ-3pl(>3s)-sweep.off |
Then they swept the outside platform nicely. |
[66] | xas | áh-kaam | kun-'íkyav |
then | fire-large | 3pl(>3s)-make |
And they built a big fire. |
[67] | xas | kun-'íkyâasip | pa-'íhukvunaa |
then | 3pl(>3s)-begin | the-flower-dance |
Then they started to dance. |
[68] | xas | pa-pihnîich | u-píip | "naa | ník | pa-ni-pakurîihv-eesh |
then | the-old.man | 3s(>3)-say | "1sg. | a.little | NOMZ-1s(>3)-sing.songs-FUT |
Then the old man said, "I will sing the song." |
[69] | xas | u-pákurih | "yíiv | vúra | nu-thyuruv-eesh |
then | 3s(>3)-sing | "far | Intensive | 1pl(>3)-drag.to-FUT |
And he sang, "We will drag her a long ways." |
[70] | chavúra | páy | nanu-'ávahkam | kun-'ithyúruva |
finally | this | 1plPOSS-over | 3pl(>3s)-drag.to |
Indeed they dragged her up into the sky. |
[71] | xas | páy | nanu-'ávahkam | áachip-ak | tá | kun-'ithyuruva |
then | this | 1plPOSS-over | middle-Locative | PERF | 3pl(>3s)-drag.to |
And right up into the middle of the sky they dragged him along, too. |
[72] | ník | u-pí-ti | pa-pihnîich |
a.little | 3s(>3)-say-DUR | the-old.man |
And the old man was saying, |
[73] | tá | ni-myáhumar | chími | âapun |
PERF | 1s(>3)-be.exhausted | soon | on.the.ground |
"I am tired, let me down!" |
[74] | púxay | fuhísh-tih-ap |
not.yet | believe-DUR-NEG |
But they didn't mind him. |
[75] | aayâach | kun-'ixviphûunish-ti | íp | pa'-ú-thvoonhi-tih-at | va-'íhuk | tá | kun-'ithyúruvarak | pa-mú-traax | kich | kun-'áaphu-tih |
it.was.because | 3pl(>3s)-get.angry.at-DUR | PAST | NOMZ-3s(>3)-be.eager.(to.do)-DUR-PAST | 3sPOSS-do.flower.dance | PERF | 3pl(>3s)-drag.down.from.upriver | the-3sPOSS-arm | only | 3pl(>3s)-carry.(two.objects)-DUR |
That was because they were mad at him because he had wanted to dance. They they dragged him down, they were just carrying him (by) the arms". |
(de Angulo and Freeland translation of the last part of the sentence is "They held him up under his armpits." It has been changed here to better reflect the structure of the Karuk sentence.) |
[76] | xas | pa-pihnîich | xas | u-píip |
then | the-old.man | then | 3s(>3)-say |
And the old man kept saying, |
[77] | tá | ni-myáhumar | chími | âapun |
PERF | 1s(>3)-be.exhausted | soon | on.the.ground |
"I am tired, let me down!" |
[78] | xas | kun-pákurih |
then | 3pl(>3s)-sing |
Then they sang, |
[79] | yíiv | vúra | nu-thyuruv-eesh | chími | âapun | tá | ni-myáhumar | chími | âapun | tá | ni-chnahirúvuukva | chími | âapun | tá | ni-thurirúvuukva | chími | âapun |
far | Intensive | 1pl(>3)-drag.to-FUT | soon | on.the.ground | PERF | 1s(>3)-be.exhausted | soon | on.the.ground | PERF | 1s(>3)-shit.all.over.self | soon | on.the.ground | PERF | 1s(>3)-urinate.all.over.self | soon | on.the.ground |
"We will drag you far away. Let me down, I am tired! Let me down, I am defecating all over myself, let me down, please! I am urinating all over myself, let me down!" |
[80] | xas | pa-pihnîich | xas | u-píip |
then | the-old.man | then | 3s(>3)-say |
Then the old man said, |
[81] | pa-hûutva | kóo | yaas'ára | u-'íin-ahaak | vaa | vúra | kóo | itíhan | kum-éekxaram | nani-túnviiv | vaa | pay'ôok | kun-'írunaa-tih-eesh |
NOMZ-somehow | as.much.as | rich.person | 3s(>3)-exist-when | so | Intensive | as.much.as | always | 3sPOSS-night | 1sPOSS-children | so | right.here | 3pl(>3s)-go.(pl.)-DUR-FUT |
As long as people live, every night my children will pass right here. |
[82] | yaas'ára | îin | kin-máah-tih-eesh |
rich.person | TOPIC | 3pl>3pl-see-DUR-FUT |
And the people who live will see them." |
[83] | xas | úum | asáxvuh | pa-pihnîich |
then | 3.SG | turtle | the-old.man |
Then the old man (changed himself into) a turtle. |
[84] | káru | pa-'axíit-ich-as | uum | ataynamtunvêech | kun-párihish |
also | the-child-DIM-PL | 3.SG | Pleiades | 3pl(>3s)-be.transformed |
And the children turned into the Pleiades. |
[85] | kupánakanach |
the.end |
That is all. |