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1. hãã   víri   vaa   hûutva   kípa   hûutva   kupa-kuph-áh-eesh   tá   na-séey   yes   so   so   somehow   like   somehow   MODAL-do-Modal-FUT   PERF   1s(>3)-not.know

   How would I do that? I don't know. Source: Violet Super, Grace Davis, Madeline Davis, Conversation: Weaving (GD-MD-VSu-01) | read full text Spoken by Madeline Davis | Download | Play

2. vaa   hûut   ni-kupá'-aapunm-ah-eesh   hûut   uum   koo-s   so   how   1s(>3)-do-know-Modal-FUT   how   3.SG   so.much-PL

   How will I know what size? Source: Violet Super, Grace Davis, Madeline Davis, Conversation: Weaving (GD-MD-VSu-01) | read full text Spoken by Violet Super | Download | Play

3. káru   uum   yíth   kun-kupee-kyâa-hi-tih   also   3.SG   other   3pl(>3s)-MODAL-make-Modal-DUR

   They make a different kind for that. Source: Violet Super, Grace Davis, Madeline Davis, Conversation: Weaving (GD-MD-VSu-01) | read full text Spoken by Grace Davis | Download | Play

4. víri   hûut   kun-kupa-'áv-ahi-tih   so   how   3pl(>3s)-MODAL-eat-Modal-DUR

   So how can they eat it? [without a special plate] Source: Violet Super, Grace Davis, Madeline Davis, Conversation: Weaving (GD-MD-VSu-01) | read full text Spoken by Grace Davis | Download | Play

5. hári   kích   vaa   t-i-kupa-tákir-aha   sometime   like   so   PERF-2s(>3)-MODAL-leach.(acorn.meal)-Modal

   Did you ever soak acorns like that? Source: Violet Super, Grace Davis, Madeline Davis, Conversation: Weaving (GD-MD-VSu-01) | read full text Spoken by Violet Super | Download | Play

6. ishyâat   ú-paanik   yaas'ára   vúra   u-'aapúnmu-tih-eesh   yakun   pa-'îin   yíth   u-kupee-xák-ahi-tih-eesh   pa-tá   ni-p-ikrêe-haak   nani-'îin   king.salmon   3s(>3)-say.(ancient)   rich.person   Intensive   3s(>3)-know-DUR-FUT   you.see   the-falls   other   3s(>3)-MODAL-make.noise-Modal-DUR-FUT   NOMZ-PERF   1s(>3)-ITER-live-when   1sPOSS-falls

   Salmon said: “Human will know the water will sound different in the falls when I am in there, in my falls. Source: Yaas, "How Fish were Transformed" (JPH_KT-07) | read full text

7. p-eheerah-áaptiik   pa-'uh-'íppi   sákriiv-sha   pu-yâamahukich   kup-eeshpátt-ahi-tih-ara   the-tobacco-branch   the-tobacco-bone   hard-PL   NEG-easy   MODAL-be.broken-Modal-DUR-NEG

   The tobacco-branches, the tobacco-stems are tough; they do not break easily. Source: Phoebe Maddux, Morphology of the Tobacco Plant: The Plant (JPH_TKIC-III.5.A) | read full text

8. pa-hûut   u-kup-eethríhaha-ahi-ti   p-eethríha   the-how   3s(>3)-MODAL-bloom-Modal-DUR   the-flower

   Phases of Flowering Source: Phoebe Maddux, Phases of Flowering (JPH_TKIC-III.5.A.j.a1') | read full text

9. vaa   u-kupa-thitív-ahi-tih   kúnish   u-pí-ti   huhuhuhuhuhu   so   3s(>3)-MODAL-hear-Modal-DUR   sort.of   3s(>3)-say-DUR   roaring.sound

   He heard that, it sort of said, "Huhuhuhuhuhu." Source: Chester Pepper, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-03) | read full text

10. yánava   pá-xaath   vaa   vúra   u-kupa-'íshipithun-ahi-ti   p-oo-kupa-vúrayv-ahi-tih-een   visible   the-grasshopper   so   Intensive   3s(>3)-MODAL-run.like.string-Modal-DUR   NOMZ-3s(>3)-MODAL-go.around-Modal-DUR-ANT

    He saw the grasshoppers strung around where he had been wandering. Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-04) | read full text

11. xás   vúra   hûut   chí   pa-kúuk   kun-kupá-'uum-ah-eesh   then   Intensive   how   soon   NOMZ-to.there   3pl(>3s)-MODAL-arrive-Modal-FUT

    And how were they to get there? Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote Goes to the Sky" (WB_KL-08) | read full text

12. víri   hûut   vúra   pa-ni-kupee-p-vûunih-ah-eesh   so   how   Intensive   NOMZ-1s(>3)-MODAL-ITER-get.down.from.uphill-Modal-FUT

    How am I going to get back down?" Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote Goes to the Sky" (WB_KL-08) | read full text

13. kári   xás   u-xús   hûut   áta   ni-kupee-p-vûunih-ah-eesh   then   then   3s(>3)-think   how   maybe   1s(>3)-MODAL-ITER-get.down.from.uphill-Modal-FUT

    Then he thought, "How ever am I to get back down (to earth)?" Source: Mamie Offield, "Coyote Trades Songs and Goes to the Sky" (WB_KL-09) | read full text

14. koovúra   ník   kun-ikyâavarihva   pá-'aah   kun-kupee-kyâa-h-eesh   all   a.little   3pl(>3s)-try   NOMZ-fire   3pl(>3s)-MODAL-make-Modal-FUT

    They tried everything to make fire. Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote Steals Fire" (WB_KL-10) | read full text

15. xás   ú-peen-ti   pa-mú-'aramah   kúna   vúra   yáv   p-ee-kup-eekrêe-hi-tih-eesh   then   3s(>3)-say.to-DUR   the-3sPOSS-child   in.addition   Intensive   good   NOMZ-2s(>3)-MODAL-live-Modal-DUR-FUT

    And he told his child, "But you will live well. Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote Marries His Own Daughter" (WB_KL-16) | read full text

16. vaa   u-kupa-pakurîihv-ahi-tih   cháfich   kích   na-víshtaan-tih   so   3s(>3)-MODAL-sing.songs-Modal-DUR   bone.to.gnaw   only   1s-like.(food)-DUR

    He was singing that, "I just want a bone to gnaw on." Source: Julia Starritt, "The Hair in the Soup" (WB_KL-21) | read full text

17. víri   íp   nu-xús-aat   vaa   ku-kupá-'aapunm-ah-eesh   vaa   íp   kúth   pa-nu-paathrámnih-at   pa-'ásip-ak   so   PAST   1pl(>3)-think-PAST   so   2pl(>3)-MODAL-know-Modal-FUT   so   PAST   because.of   NOMZ-1pl(>3)-throw.into-PAST   the-bowl-DUR

    We thought you would know it in that way, that's why we threw them in the baskets." Source: Julia Starritt, "The Hair in the Soup" (WB_KL-21) | read full text

18. víri   hûut   chími   u-kupee-psháanv-ah-eesh   so   how   soon   3s(>3)-MODAL-take.back.(things)-Modal-FUT

    How was she to carry it home? Source: Julia Starritt, "The Bear and the Deer" (WB_KL-32) | read full text

19. kári   xás   u-xus   tîi   kan-máh-i   hûut   áta   p-oo-kup-eekyâa-hi-tih   then   then   3s(>3)-think   let...   1s(>3)-see-IMPER   how   maybe   NOMZ-3s(>3)-MODAL-make-Modal-DUR

    And she thought, "Let me see how she makes it!" Source: Mamie Offield, "How Deer Meat Was Lost and Regained" (WB_KL-33) | read full text

20. xás   u-piip   víri   hûut   i-kupa-'eethríshuk-v-ahi-ti   pa-mí-myah   then   3s(>3)-say   so   how   2s(>3)-MODAL-take.out-PL.ACT-Modal-DUR   the-2sPOSS-breath

    And she said, "How do you take out your heart?" Source: Nettie Ruben, "Lizard and Grizzly Bear" (WB_KL-34) | read full text

21. púyava   vaa   u-kup-eeykár-ah-anik   pa-pirishkâarim   you.see   so   3s(>3)-MODAL-beat-Modal-ANC   the-grizzly

    So he killed Grizzly that way. Source: Nettie Ruben, "Lizard and Grizzly Bear" (WB_KL-34) | read full text

22. púyava   vúra   tá   kun-káriha   pa-kun-kupa-vúr-ah-eesh   you.see   Intensive   PERF   3pl(>3s)-be.ready   NOMZ-3pl(>3s)-MODAL-jab-Modal-FUT

    And they were ready to jab him. Source: Nettie Ruben, "The Story of Skunk" (WB_KL-46) | read full text

23. kári   xás   xára   vúra   yâamach   kun-kupá-'iin-ahi-tih   then   then   long.time   Intensive   pretty   3pl(>3s)-MODAL-(two).be-Modal-DUR

    And they lived nicely for a long time. Source: Nettie Ruben, "Medicine for the Return of a Sweetheart" (WB_KL-49) | read full text

24. hûut   ník   vúra   pa-ni-kup-eepmáh-ah-eesh   pa-nini-keechíkyav   how   a.little   Intensive   NOMZ-1s(>3)-MODAL-see.again-Modal-FUT   the-1sPOSS-sweetheart

    How will I ever see my sweetheart again? Source: Nettie Ruben, "Medicine for the Return of a Sweetheart" (WB_KL-49) | read full text

25. vaa   xasík   vúra   pa-ni-kup-eepmáh-ah-eesh   pa-nini-keechíkyav   so   then.(future)   Intensive   NOMZ-1s(>3)-MODAL-see.again-Modal-FUT   the-1sPOSS-sweetheart

    That way I'll see my sweetheart again. Source: Nettie Ruben, "Medicine for the Return of a Sweetheart" (WB_KL-49) | read full text

26. vaa   u-xús   vaa   xasík   vúra   pa-ni-kup-eepmáh-ah-eesh   so   3s(>3)-think   so   then.(future)   Intensive   NOMZ-1s(>3)-MODAL-see.again-Modal-FUT

    She thought, "That way I'll see him again." Source: Nettie Ruben, "Medicine for the Return of a Sweetheart" (WB_KL-49) | read full text

27. kári   xás   pa-niinamichtâapas   iknûumin veekxaréeyav   pa-mú-'arama   vaa   vúra   u-kupa-'íf-aha   pa-mú-tiik   u-'ákchaak-tih   xákarari   pa-mú-tiik   u-'ákchaak-tih   then   then   the-smallest   Burrill.Peak.spirit   the-3sPOSS-child   so   Intensive   3s(>3)-MODAL-grow-Modal   the-3sPOSS-hand   3s(>3)-close.hands-DUR   on.both.sides   the-3sPOSS-hand   3s(>3)-close.hands-DUR

    And Burrill Peak Spirit's littlest child grew up this way, his hands were closed, both his hands were closed. Source: Mamie Offield, "Shinny Game Medicine" (WB_KL-54) | read full text

28. víri   vaa   kin-ípeer-anik   hûutva   kóo   ithívthaaneen   u-thaanêe-haak   xáyfaat   ik   kúkuum   vúra   vaa   ku-kup-eep-vík-aha   so   so   3>1pl-say.to-ANC   somehow   as.much.as   land   3s(>3)-sit-when   don't!   must   again   Intensive   so   2pl(>3)-MODAL-ITER-weave-Modal

    (But) they were told, "However long the earth exists, you musn't weave that way (several strands at a time) again." Source: Mamie Offield, "The Flood" (WB_KL-56) | read full text

29. chavúra   u-tooríshriih-va   p-oo-kupa-kúh-ah-eesh   finally   3s(>3)-finish.counting-PL.ACT   NOMZ-3s(>3)-MODAL-be.sick-Modal-FUT

    Finally he finished counting what he would make (a person) sick with. Source: Mamie Offield, "The Devil and the Girl" (WB_KL-64) | read full text

30. vaa   púufich   kun-kupee-ykár-ahi-ti   pa-'áraar   kun-tátapvu-tih   so   deer   3pl(>3s)-MODAL-beat-Modal-DUR   the-human   3pl(>3s)-trap-DUR

    The Indians killed deer that way, they trapped them. Source: Maggie Charley, "Indian Food" (WB_KL-68) | read full text

31. vaa   kun-kupee-ykár-ahi-ti   pa-púufich   so   3pl(>3s)-MODAL-beat-Modal-DUR   the-deer

    They killed the deer that way. Source: Maggie Charley, "Indian Food" (WB_KL-68) | read full text

32. pa-'áraar   uum   pa-'áama   u-kupée-kriihv-ahi-tih   the-human   3.SG   the-salmon   3s(>3)-MODAL-fish.with.set-net-Modal-DUR

    The Indians fished for salmon in a certain way. Source: Julia Starritt, "Salmon Fishing" (WB_KL-69) | read full text

33. víri-va   pa-'áama   kun-kupee-ykár-ahi-tih   so-so   the-salmon   3pl(>3s)-MODAL-beat-Modal-DUR

    They caught the salmon that way. Source: Julia Starritt, "Salmon Fishing" (WB_KL-69) | read full text

34. púyava   íshyaav   kun-kupee-ykár-ahi-tih   you.see   winter   3pl(>3s)-MODAL-beat-Modal-DUR

    They killed it that way in the winter. Source: Nettie Ruben, "Bear Hunting" (WB_KL-71) | read full text

35. p-eekmaháchraam   uum   yíth   u-kup-eekyâa-hi-ti   káru   p-eekrívraam   uum   vúra   yith   the-sweathouse   3.SG   other   3s(>3)-MODAL-make-Modal-DUR   also   the-house   3.SG   Intensive   other

    The sweathouse was made one way and the living-house another. Source: Julia Starritt, "The Sweathouse" (WB_KL-76) | read full text

36. púyava   páy   uum   pa-pirish-'ánav   kun-kupee-kyâa-hi-tih   you.see   this   3.SG   the-plant-medicine   3pl(>3s)-MODAL-make-Modal-DUR

    That’s how they made plant medicine. Source: Julia Starritt, "The Sweating Doctor" (WB_KL-81) | read full text