Include derivatives: yes | no
Display mode: sentence | word | word components

1. koova   tá   nee-kvúrish   chavúra   kúkuum   ni-'iyruhunih   chímiva   ípaha   ú-kuyva   so   PERF   1s(>3)-be.tired   finally   again   1s(>3)-roll.(something).downhill.from.here   soon   tree   3s(>3)-strike

   I was so tired finally I rolled it down again, but it hit a tree. Source: Benonie Harrie, "A Hunting Yarn" (DAF_KT-05c) | read full text

2. 'ípa   tree

   tree, plant Source: Phoebe Maddux, The Name of Tobacco (JPH_TKIC-III.2) | read full text

3. pa-koovúra   pa-nanu-ppírish   puyíththaxay   vúra   kúnish   vaa   kum-eekyâa-hara   p-eheeraha-'íppa   vúra   chishihpurith-'íppa   kích   vaa   kúnish   kum-éekyav   pa-'apxantîich   îin   tá   kin-ippêer   NOMZ-all   the-1plPOSS-plant   not.a.single.one   Intensive   sort.of   that   3sPOSS-making-NEG   the-tobacco-tree   Intensive   nightshade.sp.-tree   only   that   sort.of   3sPOSS-making   the-white.man   TOPIC   PERF   3>1pl-say.to

   Of All Karuk plants the Black Nightshade is Most Like Tobacco, the Whites Tell Us Source: Phoebe Maddux, Of All Karuk plants the Black Nightshade is Most Like Tobacco, the Whites Tell Us (JPH_TKIC-III.3) | read full text

4. p-eheeraha-'íppa   mu-p-ikyutunvá-ra-muu   káru   koovúra   pa-mú-thvuy   the-tobacco-tree   3sPOSS-ITER-between.joint-here-to   also   all   the-3sPOSS-name

   "Morphology of the Tobacco Plant" Source: Phoebe Maddux, Morphology of the Tobacco Plant: The Plant (JPH_TKIC-III.5.A) | read full text

5. p-eheeraha-'íppa   pa-kóo   u-thvúy-ttiih-va   pa-mu-shvitá-va   the-tobacco-tree   the-all   3s(>3)-be.named-DUR-PL.ACT   the-3sPOSS-piece-INDEF

   "Morphology of the Tobacco Plant" Source: Phoebe Maddux, Morphology of the Tobacco Plant: The Plant (JPH_TKIC-III.5.A) | read full text

6. koovúra   p-eheeraha-'íppa   all   the-tobacco-tree

   "The Plant" Source: Phoebe Maddux, Morphology of the Tobacco Plant: The Plant (JPH_TKIC-III.5.A) | read full text

7. pa-mu-'íppa   the-3sPOSS-tree

   its stalk or plant Source: Phoebe Maddux, Morphology of the Tobacco Plant: The Plant (JPH_TKIC-III.5.A) | read full text

8. á'yaach   vúra   u-vêehrim-va   p-oo-'íif-ti   p-eheeraha-'íppa   straight.up   Intensive   3s(>3)-stand.(things)-PL.ACT   NOMZ-3s(>3)-grow-DUR   the-tobacco-tree

   The tobacco plant stands straight up as it grows. Source: Phoebe Maddux, Morphology of the Tobacco Plant: The Plant (JPH_TKIC-III.5.A) | read full text

9. p-eheeraha-'íppa   uum   vúra   iváxr-a   kúnish   koovúra   pu-'ássar-hara   sákriiv   the-tobacco-tree   3.SG   Intensive   be.dry-DEVERB   sort.of   all   NEG-juicy-NEG   hard

   The tobacco plant is all dryish, it is not juicy, it is tough. Source: Phoebe Maddux, Morphology of the Tobacco Plant: The Plant (JPH_TKIC-III.5.A) | read full text

10. pa-yáan   vúr   u-'íif-ti-haak   puxxích   thúkkinkunish   p-eheeraha-'íppa   pa-chím   u-imtúpp-eesh-ahaak   vaa   kári   taváttavkunish   NOMZ-recently   Intensive   3s(>3)-grow-DUR-when   very.much   blue-green   the-tobacco-tree   NOMZ-soon   3s(>3)-be.ripe-FUT-when   so   then   light-colored

    When it is just growing, the tobacco plant is real green, when it is already going to get ripe, it is then light-colored. Source: Phoebe Maddux, Sense Characteristics (JPH_TKIC-III.5.A.a) | read full text

11. iheeraha-'ípa   tobacco-tree

    tobacco plant Source: Phoebe Maddux, Parts of the Tobacco Plant (JPH_TKIC-III.5.A.b-g) | read full text

12. p-eheeraha-'ípa   u-súuf-hi   su'   the-tobacco-tree   3s(>3)-backbone-DENOM   inside

    The tobacco plant has pith inside. Source: Phoebe Maddux, Parts of the Tobacco Plant (JPH_TKIC-III.5.A.b-g) | read full text

13. akvaat   uum   ípah-ak   raccoon   arrive   tree-Locative

    The raccoon's in a tree. Source: Lucille Albers, Sentences about animals, insects, and going places (LA-04) | read full text Spoken by Lucille Albers | Download | Play

14. îikam   pa-'ípaha.   outdoors   the-tree.

    There is a tree outside. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences with words for accent (VS-07) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

15. i-tháantakoo   vaa   káan   ípah-ak   2s(>3)-lie.on   that   there   tree-Locative

    Put it in the tree. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about possession, locatives; words for consonants and accent (VS-08) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

16. pa-púsihich   ípah-ak   á'   ú-krii   the-cat.(dimin.)   tree-Locative   above   3s(>3)-live

    The cat is in the tree. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences: questions (VS-16) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

17. pa-'ipaha   t-óo   kyívishrih   the-tree   PERF-3s(>3)   fall.down

    The tree fell. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences: cooking, packing, jumping, throwing (VS-31) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

18. pa-'ípaha   vúra   yáv   t-óo   kyívish   the-tree   Intensive   good   PERF-3s(>3)   fall.down

    The tree fell down good. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences: cooking, packing, jumping, throwing (VS-31) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

19. a'   t-u-páathuraa   pa-'ípah-ak   pa-'unúhxiitich   above   PERF-3s(>3)-throw.upward   the-tree-Locative   the-baseball

    He threw the ball up into the tree. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences: cooking, packing, jumping, throwing (VS-31) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

20. ípah-ak   t-u-páath-ka   tree-Locative   PERF-3s(>3)-throw-to

    He threw it to the tree. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences: cooking, packing, jumping, throwing (VS-31) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

21. máruk   ípaha   uphill   tree

    The tree is uphill. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about spatial relations (VS-33) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

22. vaa   káan   táay   pa-'ápus   apus-'ípaha   that   there   much   the-apple(s)   apple(s)-tree

    There are lots of apples; [it's an] apple tree. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about spatial relations (VS-33) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

23. ípaha   vásihkam   tree   behind

    It's behind the tree. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about spatial relations (VS-33) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

24. ípaha   káan   u-kûuntakoo   tree   there   3s(>3)-sit.(on)

    It [a bird] is sitting on a tree. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about spatial relations (VS-33) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

25. ôok   uum   vúra   taay   pa-'ás   púfaat   páy   uum   pa-'ípaha   here   3.SG   Intensive   much   the-rock   nothing   this   3.SG   the-tree

    There are many rocks, but no trees. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about rocks and trees. (VS-34a) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

26. ôok   uum   vúra   pa-'ás   kích   púfaat   uum   pa-'ípaha   here   3.SG   Intensive   the-rock   only   nothing   3.SG   the-tree

    There are only rocks here, no trees. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about rocks and trees. (VS-34a) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

27. ôok   uum   púfaat   pa-'ípaha   'as   kich   here   3.SG   nothing   the-tree   rock   only

    There are no trees here, only rocks. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about rocks and trees. (VS-34a) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

28. máruk   vúra   uum   taay   pa-'ípaha   uphill   Intensive   3.SG   much   the-tree

    There are trees uphill. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about rocks and trees. (VS-34a) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

29. máruk   úm   taay   pa-'ípaha   uphill   or   much   the-tree

    Are there trees up the hill? Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about rocks and trees. (VS-34a) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

30. vúra   uum   púfaat   pa-'ípaha   máruk   Intensive   3.SG   nothing   the-tree   uphill

    There are no trees up the hill. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about rocks and trees. (VS-34a) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

31. máruk   púfaat   pa-'ípaha   uphill   nothing   the-tree

    There are no trees up the hill. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about rocks and trees. (VS-34a) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

32. páy   uum   pa-'ípaha   taay   pá-saan   this   3.SG   the-tree   much   the-leaf

    This tree has many leaves. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about rocks and trees. (VS-34a) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

33. pa-'ípaha   káan   u-hyárih   the-tree   there   3s(>3)-stand

    The tree is standing there. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about sitting, standing and lying (VS-35a) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

34. vaa   káan   pa-'ípaha   ni-tákararih   that   there   the-tree   1s(>3)-hang

    I'm hanging on the tree. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about sitting, standing and lying (VS-35a) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

35. iim   ipah-ak   i-hyárih   2sg.   tree-Locative   2s(>3)-stand

    Are you standing in the tree? Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about sitting, standing and lying (VS-35a) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

36. xáyfaat   ípah-ak   i-hyárih   don't!   tree-Locative   2s(>3)-stand

    Don't stand in the tree! Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about sitting, standing and lying (VS-35a) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

37. xáyfaat   nani-'asímnaam   ku-tháaniv   don't!   1sPOSS-tree   2pl(>3)-sit

    Don't lie on my bed! (talking to more than one person) Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about sitting, standing and lying (VS-35a) | read full text Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Play

38. Kúkuum   again

    Again we– uphill we– we chopped them down, we stripped little trees. Source: Violet Super, Violet Working (VSu-04) | read full text

39. káan   ípaha   u-'íihya   there   tree   3s(>3)-stand.(long.object)

    A tree stood there. Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-04) | read full text

40. xás   yánava   káan   axvaha-'ípaha   u-'íihya   then   visible   there   pitch-tree   3s(>3)-stand.(long.object)

    And he saw a pitch tree standing there. Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-04) | read full text

41. xás   u-píip   payêem   ni-vôoruraa-vish   pa-'ípaha   then   3s(>3)-say   now   1s(>3)-crawl.up-FUT   the-tree

    And he said, "Now I'll climb a tree. Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-04) | read full text

42. xás   á'   u-vôoruraa   ípah-ak   then   above   3s(>3)-crawl.up   tree-Locative

    And he climbed up a tree. Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-04) | read full text

43. kári   xás   káan   u-máh   akvaat   ípaha   kun-'irukûuntakoo   then   then   there   3s(>3)-see   raccoon   tree   3pl(>3s)-sit.on.(pl.)

    And there he saw raccoons, they were sitting in a tree. Source: Mamie Offield, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-05) | read full text

44. xás   yánava   káan   ípaha   u-'íihya   xás   u-súrukaahi-tih   then   visible   there   tree   3s(>3)-stand.(long.object)   then   3s(>3)-be.hole.into-DUR

    And he saw a tree standing there, and there was a hole in it. Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote Goes to a War Dance" (WB_KL-06) | read full text

45. ta'ítam   máh'iit   yáan   vúra   u-súpaahi-tih   u-vôoruraa   pa-'ípaha   so   morning   recently   Intensive   3s(>3)-become.day-DUR   3s(>3)-crawl.up   the-tree

    So in the morning it was scarcely dawn, he climbed up the tree. Source: Lottie Beck, "The Perils of Weasel" (WB_KL-18) | read full text

46. yukún   vaa   káan   á'   u-'íithra   murax-'ipaha-'ípan   you.see   that   there   above   3s(>3)-lie.(liquid)   slippery-tree-end

    He's up there at the top of a slippery tree." Source: Mamie Offield, "The Perils of Weasel" (WB_KL-19) | read full text

47. uum   vúra   vaa   âanaxus   ú-kriivku-ti   pa-'ípaha   3.SG   Intensive   so   weasel   3s(>3)-hold.on.to-DUR   the-tree

    Weasel held on to the tree. Source: Daisy Jones, "The Perils of Weasel" (WB_KL-20) | read full text

48. kachakâach   mu-'ápuroon   ku-máh-eesh   hôoyva   ípaha-k   u-tákararihva   sú'   vákay   ú-krii   bluejay   3sPOSS-magic.charm   2pl(>3)-see-FUT   somewhere   tree-LOC   3s(>3)-be.hanging   inside   worm   3s(>3)-live

    You can see Blue Jay's 'devil machine' somewhere, it is hanging on a tree, there's a worm inside. Source: Mamie Offield, "Blue Jay As Doctor" (WB_KL-28) | read full text

49. púyava   ípaha   tá   ni-shxáxaar   you.see   tree   PERF   1s(>3)-tear.open

    So I ripped open a tree. Source: Nettie Ruben, "Why Lightning Strikes Trees" (WB_KL-44) | read full text

50. pa-'ípaha   kun-íkfuukiraa   the-tree   3pl(>3s)-grab

    They grabbed the trees. Source: Nettie Ruben, "Why Lightning Strikes Trees" (WB_KL-44) | read full text

51. xás   araramvanyupsítanach   u-xus   xáyfaat   vaa   ni-piip   t-óo   piip   ípah-ak   kích   pa-ni-máah-ti   pá-'aax   then   horsefly   3s(>3)-think   don't!   so   1s(>3)-say   PERF-3s(>3)   say   tree-Locative   only   NOMZ-1s(>3)-see-DUR   the-blood

    and Horsefly thought, "Let me not say it"; he said, "I find the blood only in trees." Source: Nettie Ruben, "Why Lightning Strikes Trees" (WB_KL-44) | read full text

52. púyava   payêem   pa-t-óo   snur   pa-'ípaha   t-óo   kfuukiraa   t-óo   sxáxaar   you.see   now   NOMZ-PERF-3s(>3)   thunder   the-tree   PERF-3s(>3)   grab   PERF-3s(>3)   tear.open

    So now when it thunders, (Lightning) grabs the trees, he rips them open. Source: Nettie Ruben, "Why Lightning Strikes Trees" (WB_KL-44) | read full text

53. kári   xás   koovúra   pa-pinish-tunvêech-as   káru   koovúra   pa-'ípaha   kun-ihyûunish-tih   kunâach'aa   puxîich-i   then   then   all   the-plant-small.(pl.)-PL   also   all   the-tree   3pl(>3s)-shout.to-DUR   bird.sp.   very.much-IMPER

    And all the little plants and all the trees shouted to him, "Go to it, kunâach'aa!" Source: Mamie Offield, "Wrestling Medicine" (WB_KL-55) | read full text

54. pa-'ípaha   u-'íihya   pa-táaskar   tá   kun-imthátap   NOMZ-tree   3s(>3)-stand.(long.object)   the-pole   PERF   3pl(>3s)-tie.onto

    Where a tree stood, they lashed a pole to it. Source: Nettie Ruben, "Deer Hunting" (WB_KL-70) | read full text

55. pa-xuntápan   uum   kun-'ífik-tih   ípaha-k   kun-'íif-tih   the-acorn   3.SG   3pl(>3s)-pick.up-DUR   tree-Locative   3pl(>3s)-grow-DUR

    They picked the acorns, they grew on trees. Source: Julia Starritt, "Making Acorn Soup" (WB_KL-73) | read full text

56. pa-vuráakir   uum   vúra   ípaha   p-oo-kyâar-ahi-tih   the-ladder   3.SG   Intensive   tree   NOMZ-3s(>3)-make.with-ESS-DUR

    The ladder was made of a tree. Source: Julia Starritt, "The Sweathouse" (WB_KL-76) | read full text

57. hári   tá   mít   u-kpákishrih-at   pa-'ípaha   sometime   PERF   near.past   3s(>3)-cut.down-PAST   the-tree

    He cut down a tree sometime (recently). Source: Julia Starritt, "Smoke" (WB_KL-90) | read full text

58. víri   vaa   káan   ípaha   u-'íihya   so   so   there   tree   3s(>3)-stand.(long.object)

    There is a tree standing there. Source: Julia Starritt, "Responses to Pictures" (WB_KL-92) | read full text

59. káru   ávansa   káan   u-hyárih   ú-ksuupku-ti   pa-'ípaha   also   man   there   3s(>3)-stand   3s(>3)-point.at-DUR   the-tree

    And a man is standing there, he is pointing at the tree. Source: Julia Starritt, "Responses to Pictures" (WB_KL-92) | read full text

60. víri   vaa   vúra   yítha   ú-ksuupku-ti   pa-'ípaha   so   so   Intensive   one   3s(>3)-point.at-DUR   the-tree

    There is one pointing at the tree. Source: Julia Starritt, "Responses to Pictures" (WB_KL-92) | read full text

61. víri   vaa   vúra   ú-ksuupku-ti   pa-'ípaha   so   so   Intensive   3s(>3)-point.at-DUR   the-tree

    There is (one) pointing at the tree. Source: Julia Starritt, "Responses to Pictures" (WB_KL-92) | read full text

62. payêem   asiktávaan   p-eehyárih-an   ú-ksuupku-tih   pa-'ípaha   now   woman   NOMZ-stand-Participial   3s(>3)-point.at-DUR   the-tree

    Now a woman is the one standing, she is pointing at the tree. Source: Julia Starritt, "Responses to Pictures" (WB_KL-92) | read full text

63. xás   uum   káru   ú-ksuupku-tih   pa-'ípaha   then   3.SG   also   3s(>3)-point.at-DUR   the-tree

    She too is pointing at the tree. Source: Julia Starritt, "Responses to Pictures" (WB_KL-92) | read full text

64. yeeripáxvu   u-hyárih   ú-ksuupku-ti   ípaha   káan   u-'íihya   adolescent.girl   3s(>3)-stand   3s(>3)-point.at-DUR   tree   there   3s(>3)-stand.(long.object)

    A girl is standing, she is pointing at a tree, it is standing there. Source: Julia Starritt, "Responses to Pictures" (WB_KL-92) | read full text

65. kúkuum   vúra   pa-yeenipaxvúhich   káan   u-hyárih   vaa   vúra   ú-ksuupku-ti   pa-'ípaha   again   Intensive   the-girl   there   3s(>3)-stand   so   Intensive   3s(>3)-point.at-DUR   the-tree

    Again the little girl is standing there, she is pointing at the tree like that. Source: Julia Starritt, "Responses to Pictures" (WB_KL-92) | read full text

66. xás   avansáxiich   uum   u-'áhoo-tih   pa-'ipaha-súruk   kúnish   t-u-'uum   then   boy   3.SG   3s(>3)-go-DUR   the-tree-under   sort.of   PERF-3s(>3)-arrive

    A boy is walking in front, he is sort of going under the tree. Source: Julia Starritt, "Responses to Pictures" (WB_KL-92) | read full text

67. xás   pa-'avansáxiich   ipaha-súruk   t-u-'uum   then   the-boy   tree-under   PERF-3s(>3)-arrive

    The boy is going under a tree. Source: Julia Starritt, "Responses to Pictures" (WB_KL-92) | read full text

68. káan   tishrám-kaam   xás   ú-hthaamhi-tih   káru   ipahá-'anamahach   káan   u-'íihya   there   valley-large   then   3s(>3)-plant-DUR   also   tree-little   there   3s(>3)-stand.(long.object)

    A big field is there, and a man is planting there, and a little tree is standing there. Source: Julia Starritt, "Responses to Pictures" (WB_KL-92) | read full text

69. páy   uum   pichas-'ípaha   u-vêehrim-va   xás   simsímtas   u-taaspáth-ahi-tih   this   3.SG   peaches-tree   3s(>3)-stand.(things)-PL.ACT   then   wire.fence   3s(>3)-fence.around-ESS-DUR

    These peach trees are standing, and there is a wire fence around. Source: Julia Starritt, "Responses to Pictures" (WB_KL-92) | read full text

70. xás   ipahá-'anamahach   káan   u-'íihya   then   tree-little   there   3s(>3)-stand.(long.object)

    A little tree is standing there. Source: Julia Starritt, "Responses to Pictures" (WB_KL-92) | read full text

71. pa-'amkír   káan   u-tháaniv   xás   u-kxúrikahi-ti   ávahkam   ípaha   the-table   there   3s(>3)-sit   then   3s(>3)-be.marked-DUR   over   tree

    The table is sitting there, and a tree is drawn on top. Source: Julia Starritt, "Responses to Pictures" (WB_KL-92) | read full text

72. xás   t-u-'ûusip   pa-'ípaha   xás   yiivári   kúuk   t-u-'íipma   then   PERF-3s(>3)-pick.up   the-tree   then   rather.far   to   PERF-3s(>3)-return

    He picks up the tree, and goes away again. Source: Julia Starritt, "Responses to Pictures" (WB_KL-92) | read full text