Karuk Dictionary
by William Bright and Susan Gehr (© Karuk Tribe)
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ik must
Dictionary Entry
lexicon ID #1729 | revised Nov 07 2014
ik • PCL • must
Derivatives (11; show derivatives)
Source: WB 437, p.337
Note: Used as PCL within sentence, but as suffix (no /’/) after verb form.
- yítha ík káan ukrîishriheesh. One of you must sit down here. [Reference: KT 152.33]
- i'asímchaaktiheeshik. You must close your eyes now. [Reference: WB G845.3]
Sentence examples (74)
Include derivatives: yes | no
Display mode: sentence | word | word components
áhup ik chími ápim sáan-furuk-i wood must soon look.for carry.(things)-indoors-IMPER Look for wood, bring it in! Source: Charlie Thom, Sr., Sentences from Now You're Speaking Karuk (CT-01) | read full text
Spoken by Charlie Thom, Sr. | Download | Playxáyfaat ik kúkuum nu-'íchunva don't! must again 1pl(>3)-hide.oneself We won't hide again!" Source: Margaret Harrie, "The Ten Young Men who Became the Pleiades" (DAF_KT-02) | read full textchéemyaach ík vúra ishyâat i-mshîinaa-vish quickly must Intensive king.salmon 2s(>3)-shine.this.way.upriver-FUT Shine early, Spring Salmon, hither upriver. Source: Phoebe Maddux, "How Western Yellow-Bellied Racer was Transformed" (JPH_KIM-10) | read full textchéemyaach ík vúra atáychukinach i-'úunuprav-eesh quickly must Intensive young.brodiaea.plant 2s(>3)-sprout.up-FUT Grow early, Spring Cacomite. Source: Phoebe Maddux, "How Western Yellow-Bellied Racer was Transformed" (JPH_KIM-10) | read full textkári xás ú-paanik p-oo-pítithun-anik xáyfaat ík vúra váa náa ni-thítiim-ti pa-mikun-pákurih náa pú-vaa naní-vaa-hara pa-mikun-pákurih then then 3s(>3)-say.(ancient) NOMZ-3s(>3)-look.back-ANC don't! must Intensive so 1sg. 1s(>3)-hear-DUR the-2plPOSS-song 1sg. NEG-so 1sPOSS-so-NEG the-2plPOSS-song Then he said looking back: "I must never hear your song any more; your song will not do for me." Source: Yaas, "How Grizzly Bear Got his Ears Burnt Off" (JPH_KT-01a) | read full textpirishkâarim váa ú-paanik xáyfaat ík vúra váa náa ni-thítiim-ti pa-mikun-pákurih grizzly so 3s(>3)-say.(ancient) don't! must Intensive so 1sg. 1s(>3)-hear-DUR the-2plPOSS-song Grizzly Bear said it: "I must never hear your song any more. Source: Yaas, "How Grizzly Bear Got his Ears Burnt Off" (JPH_KT-01a) | read full textxás ú-ppeer-anik achvúun îin kun-íppeer-anik xáy faat ík vúra ôok i-páfyuk iim vúra pu-'ôok vúrayvu-tih-eesh-ara then 3s(>3)-say.to-ANC hookbill.salmon TOPIC 3pl(>3s)-say.to-ANC don't! must Intensive here 2s(>3)-come.around.again 2sg. Intensive NEG-here go.around-DUR-FUT-NEG And Hookbill told him: "You must never come around here again, you are not going to come around here." Source: Yaas, "How Buzzard Became Bald" (JPH_KT-01b) | read full textxás kun-íppéer iim kyáru vura xáy faat ík ôok i-páfyuk iim kyáru vura pu-'ôok ikr-êevish-ara achvúun kun-íppéer then 3pl(>3s)-say.to 2sg. also Intensive don't! must here 2s(>3)-come.around.again 2sg. also Intensive NEG-here live-FUT-NEG hookbill.salmon 3pl(>3s)-say.to And they told him: "You yourself must not come around here, you too are not going to stay here," they told Hookbill. Source: Yaas, "How Buzzard Became Bald" (JPH_KT-01b) | read full textchéemyaach ík vúr ishyâat i-mshîinaa-vish quickly must Intensive king.salmon 2s(>3)-shine.this.way.upriver-FUT Shine early, Spring Salmon, hither up river. Source: Phoebe Maddux, "Coyote Starts for Klamath Lakes, East Roasted Grasshoppers, Floats Down River and Marries Two Girls" (JPH_KT-05) | read full textchéemyaach ík vúra ataychúkinach i-'uunúprav-eesh quickly must Intensive young.brodiaea.plant 2s(>3)-sprout.up-FUT Grow up early, Spring Cacomite. Source: Phoebe Maddux, "Coyote Starts for Klamath Lakes, East Roasted Grasshoppers, Floats Down River and Marries Two Girls" (JPH_KT-05) | read full textchéemyaach ík vúra ishyâat i-mshîinaa-vish quickly must Intensive king.salmon 2s(>3)-shine.this.way.upriver-FUT Shine early, Spring Salmon, hither up river. Source: Fritz Hansen, "Mourning Dove Young Man Gambles away his Doodle Bug Grandmother's Dress" (JPH_KT-06) | read full textchéemyaach ík vúra ishyâat i-mshîinaa-vish quickly must Intensive king.salmon 2s(>3)-shine.this.way.upriver-FUT Shine early, Spring Salmon, hither up river. Source: Abner's mother, "Crow Woman and her Neglectful Husband" (JPH_KT-08) | read full textchéemyaach ík vúr ishyâat i-mshîinnaa-vish quickly must Intensive king.salmon 2s(>3)-shine.this.way.upriver-FUT Shine early, Spring Salmon, hither up river. Source: Fritz Hansen, "Coyote Falls through the Living-House Roof Hole" (JPH_KT-12) | read full textchéemyaach ík vúra ishyâat i-mshíinaa-vish quickly must Intensive king.salmon 2s(>3)-shine.this.way.upriver-FUT Shine upriver soon, Spring Salmon. Source: Phoebe Maddux, "Bluejay Myth" (JPH_PHM-24-343a) | read full textchéemyaach ík vúra ataychúkinach i-'uunúprav-eesh quickly must Intensive young.brodiaea.plant 2s(>3)-sprout.up-FUT Grow up soon, young Blue Dicks. Source: Phoebe Maddux, "Bluejay Myth" (JPH_PHM-24-343a) | read full textxáyfaat táay ík pa-páy i-'îina-tih don't! much must NOMZ-this 2s(>3)-do-DUR Stop it! Source: Vina Smith, Sentences from Now You're Speaking Karuk (VS-20c) | read full text
Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Playimáan ik ni-máh-eesh-i tomorrow must 1s(>3)-see-FUT-IMPER I am going to see her tomorrow. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about feeling cold, playing, and getting old (VS-35b) | read full text
Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Playkári xás kun-ipêer pa-pihnêefich i-'asímchaak-tih-eesh ik then then 3pl(>3s)-say.to the-coyote 2s(>3)-close.eyes-DUR-FUT must And they told Coyote, "You must keep your eyes closed. Source: Nettie Ruben, "Coyote's Homecoming" (WB_KL-02) | read full textxáyfaat ík mán i-yúupha don't! must why... 2s(>3)-open.eyes Don't open your eyes." Source: Nettie Ruben, "Coyote's Homecoming" (WB_KL-02) | read full textkupánakanakana chéemyaach ík vúra ataychúkinach i-'uunúprav-eesh the.end quickly must Intensive young.brodiaea.plant 2s(>3)-sprout.up-FUT kupánakanakana. Young brodiaea plant, you must come up quickly. Source: Nettie Ruben, "Coyote's Homecoming" (WB_KL-02) | read full textná-yaavh-eesh ik 2s/3s>1s-hurry-FUT must You must hurry to me. Source: Nettie Ruben, "Coyote's Homecoming" (WB_KL-02) | read full textchéemyaach ík vúra ishyâat i-mshírihraa-vish quickly must Intensive king.salmon 2s(>3)-shine.this.way.upriver-FUT Spring salmon, you must shine upriver quickly. Source: Nettie Ruben, "Coyote's Homecoming" (WB_KL-02) | read full textná-yaavh-eesh ik 2s/3s>1s-hurry-FUT must You must hurry to me. Source: Nettie Ruben, "Coyote's Homecoming" (WB_KL-02) | read full textkúna vúra xáyfaat ík i-yúupha in.addition Intensive don't! must 2s(>3)-open.eyes But you mustn't open your eyes. Source: Nettie Ruben, "Coyote's Homecoming" (second telling) (WB_KL-02a) | read full text
Spoken by Nettie Ruben | Download | Playvaa ík vúra pa-nu-víit-i-haak that must Intensive NOMZ-1pl(>3)-paddle-DUR-when That's the way it must be when we paddle. Source: Nettie Ruben, "Coyote's Homecoming" (second telling) (WB_KL-02a) | read full text
Spoken by Nettie Ruben | Download | Playvaa ík vúra i-'asímchaak-tih-eesh that must Intensive 2s(>3)-close.eyes-DUR-FUT You will have to keep your eyes closed like that." Source: Nettie Ruben, "Coyote's Homecoming" (second telling) (WB_KL-02a) | read full text
Spoken by Nettie Ruben | Download | Playkári xás kun-ipêer xáyfaat ík i-yúupha then then 3pl(>3s)-say.to don't! must 2s(>3)-open.eyes And they told him, "Don't open your eyes. Source: Nettie Ruben, "Coyote's Homecoming" (second telling) (WB_KL-02a) | read full text
Spoken by Nettie Ruben | Download | Playkupánakanakana chêech ík vúra ishyâat imshírihraa-vish the.end quickly must Intensive king.salmon shine.this.way.upriver-FUT kupánakanakana. Spring salmon, you must shine upriver quickly. Source: Nettie Ruben, "Coyote's Homecoming" (second telling) (WB_KL-02a) | read full text
Spoken by Nettie Ruben | Download | Playná-yaavh-eesh ík 2s/3s>1s-hurry-FUT must You must hurry to me. Source: Nettie Ruben, "Coyote's Homecoming" (second telling) (WB_KL-02a) | read full text
Spoken by Nettie Ruben | Download | Playkáru chêech ík ataychúkinach i-'uunúprav-eesh also quickly must young.brodiaea.plant 2s(>3)-sprout.up-FUT And young brodiaea plant, you must come up quickly. Source: Nettie Ruben, "Coyote's Homecoming" (second telling) (WB_KL-02a) | read full text
Spoken by Nettie Ruben | Download | Playná-yaavh-eesh ik 2s/3s>1s-hurry-FUT must You must hurry to me. Source: Nettie Ruben, "Coyote's Homecoming" (second telling) (WB_KL-02a) | read full text
Spoken by Nettie Ruben | Download | Playpúyava ík kári xasík i-yúuph-eesh you.see must then then.(future) 2s(>3)-open.eyes-FUT Then you can open your eyes. Source: Chester Pepper, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-03) | read full textxás u-píip náach-ish xáyfaat ík vúra nee-xviphûunish then 3s(>3)-say man's.sister's.son-DIM don't! must Intensive 2s/3s>1s-get.angry.at Then he said, "Nephew, you mustn't get angry at me!" Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-04) | read full textxáyfaat ík vúra íshaha u-mah don't! must Intensive water 3s(>3)-see He mustn't find any water. Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-04) | read full textkoovúra ík pa-'íshaha u-váxraah-vunaa-vish all must the-water 3s(>3)-be.dry-PL-FUT All the water must dry up." Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-04) | read full textkúna vúra i-'asimchák-eesh ík xáyfaat ík i-txâarihva in.addition Intensive 2s(>3)-close.eyes-FUT must don't! must 2s(>3)-open.eyes But you must close your eyes, you mustn't open them. Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-04) | read full textkári xás kun-ipêer vúra ík i-'asímchaak-tih-eesh then then 3pl(>3s)-say.to Intensive must 2s(>3)-close.eyes-DUR-FUT And they told him, "You must keep your eyes closed. Source: Mamie Offield, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-05) | read full textkári xás ík vúra i-túraayv-eesh pa-nú-peer-ahaak then then must Intensive 2s(>3)-look.around-FUT NOMZ-1pl(>3)-say.to-when Then when we tell you, you can look around." Source: Mamie Offield, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-05) | read full textpayêem ík vúra i-'asímchaak-tih-eesh now must Intensive 2s(>3)-close.eyes-DUR-FUT This time you must keep your eyes closed. Source: Mamie Offield, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-05) | read full textkári xás ík vúra i-túraayv-eesh pa-nú-peer-ahaak then then must Intensive 2s(>3)-look.around-FUT NOMZ-1pl(>3)-say.to-when Then when we tell you, you can look around." Source: Mamie Offield, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-05) | read full textxás u-pêer pa-sípnuuk naa ík vúra nee-músahi-tih-eesh p-ee-kûuntakoo then 3s(>3)-say.to the-storage.basket 1sg. must Intensive 2s/3s>1s-look-DUR-FUT NOMZ-2s(>3)-sit.(on) And he said to the storage basket, "You must look like me as you sit. Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote Goes to a War Dance" (WB_KL-06) | read full textxasík ík i-pakurîihvu-tih-eesh ik then.(future) must 2s(>3)-sing.songs-DUR-FUT must You must be singing." Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote Goes to a War Dance" (WB_KL-06) | read full textxás u-pêer vaa ík vúra kóo ôok i-kûuntakoo-vish pa-ni-'ípak-ahaak xasík i-kôoh-eesh then 3s(>3)-say.to so must Intensive as.much.as here 2s(>3)-sit.(on)-FUT NOMZ-1s(>3)-come.back-when then.(future) 2s(>3)-stop-FUT And he told it, "You must be sitting here like that until I come back, then you can stop." Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote Goes to a War Dance" (WB_KL-06) | read full textxás kun-píip pa-'avansáxiich káan tá kun-'íih-m-ahaak ík kári ku-pêethkee-vish then 3pl(>3s)-say NOMZ-boy there PERF 3pl(>3s)-dance-to-when must then 2pl(>3)-take.back.out-FUT And they said, "When the boys dance to there, you people must pull them out." Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote Goes to the Sky" (WB_KL-08) | read full textkári xás u-píip chími man kúna vúra xáyfaat ík i-'ûurih then then 3s(>3)-say soon why... in.addition Intensive don't! must 2s(>3)-be.unwilling And they said, "All right, but you mustn't get tired." Source: Mamie Offield, "Coyote Trades Songs and Goes to the Sky" (WB_KL-09) | read full textxás u-piip puxích ík vúra ku-pakúriihv-eesh then 3s(>3)-say very.much must Intensive 2pl(>3)-sing.songs-FUT And he said, "You must sing loudly." Source: Nettie Ruben, "Coyote as Doctor" (WB_KL-11) | read full texthâari vúra xas-ík na-pi-musarûuk-vu-tih-eesh sometime Intensive then.(future)-must 2s/3s>1s-ITER-come.to.see-PL.ACT-DUR-FUT You can come back to see me sometime." Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote Marries His Own Daughter" (WB_KL-16) | read full textaxmáy ík vúra yav suddenly must Intensive good At one moment it would be good. Source: Daisy Jones, "The Perils of Weasel" (WB_KL-20) | read full textpa-vúra i-xus-áhaak kúnish chí kanee-ykár-eesh vúra i-kpêehv-eesh ík NOMZ-Intensive 2s(>3)-think-when sort.of soon 3pl>1s-beat-FUT Intensive 2s(>3)-shout-FUT must Whenever you think they are sort of about to kill you, you must shout. Source: Daisy Jones, "The Perils of Weasel" (WB_KL-20) | read full textvíri pa-yaas'ára hûutva t-u-'íin-ahaak víri pa-yaas'ára kâarim t-u-kúph-aak vaa kári xás ík i-chuuphí-tih-eesh so the-rich.person somehow PERF-3s(>3)-exist-when so the-rich.person bad PERF-3s(>3)-do-when so then then must 2s(>3)-speak-DUR-FUT However (long) Mankind exists, when Mankind does bad, then you will have to speak. Source: Mamie Offield, "The Greedy Father" (WB_KL-24) | read full textchêech ík vúra ku-pthíth-eesh quickly must Intensive 2pl(>3)-finish.weaving-FUT "You must finish weaving quickly." Source: Lottie Beck, "The Story of Tan Oak Acorn" (WB_KL-30) | read full textxás u-pêer pa-'avansáxiich imáankam sáruk astíip pa-mí-chaas xákaan ík ku-yâaram-eesh ikxúrar then 3s(>3)-say.to the-boy next.day downhill shore the-2sPOSS-younger.brother with.(one.person) must 2pl(>3)-(two.people).go-FUT evening And she told the boy, "Tomorrow evening you and your younger brother must go down to the river-bank. Source: Julia Starritt, "The Bear and the Deer" (WB_KL-32) | read full textxasík vaa ík vúra kóo káan ku-'íin-eesh p-aaxvâahar t-óo msípishri-haak xasík ku-pínaa-vish then.(future) so must Intensive as.much.as there 2pl(>3)-(two).be-FUT NOMZ-ptich-wood PERF-3s(>3) cool.down-when then.(future) 2pl(>3)-come.(pl.)-FUT You must stay there until the pitch-wood is extinguished, then you will come back." Source: Julia Starritt, "The Bear and the Deer" (WB_KL-32) | read full textxás u-pêer xáyfaat ík vúra haríxay kâam kúuk i-'íipma then 3s(>3)-say.to don't! must Intensive sometimes little.upriver to.there 2s(>3)-return And he told him, "You mustn't ever go back upriver there. Source: Lottie Beck, "The Story of Madrone" (WB_KL-35) | read full textyanav-éek-va t-u-'áhoo-heen apsunmúnukich one-must-so PERF-3s(>3)-go-ANT racer.snake She saw Racer coming. Source: Nettie Ruben, "The Adulterers Discovered" (WB_KL-39) | read full textaxmáy ík máruk ára u-'íhunih-eesh suddenly must uphill person 3s(>3)-dance.down.from.uphill-FUT Suddenly a person was about to dance down. Source: Nettie Ruben, "The Story of Skunk" (WB_KL-46) | read full textkári xás u-piip púya payêem ík vôohara mûuk i-vúr-eesh pa-pay'ôok t-u-'íhithuna-haak nunú-thvaaykam then then 3s(>3)-say and.so now must digging.stick with.(by.means.of) 2s(>3)-jab-FUT NOMZ-right.here PERF-3s(>3)-dance.around-when 1plPOSS-front And (one) said, "Say, this time we must jab him with a digging stick when he dances around here in front of us." Source: Nettie Ruben, "The Story of Skunk" (WB_KL-46) | read full textáxak ík p-ee-vík-eesh two must NOMZ-2s(>3)-weave-FUT You must weave two (of them)." Source: Mamie Offield, "Shinny Game Medicine" (WB_KL-54) | read full textvíri pa-ni-p-váruprav-ahaak vaa ik ku-mûuk nee-thxúp-eesh pa-'árus so NOMZ-1s(>3)-ITER-come.out-when so must 3sPOSS-with.(by.means.of) 2s/3s>1s-cover-FUT the-seed.basket When I come back out (of the water), you must cover me with the seed-basket." Source: Mamie Offield, "Shinny Game Medicine" (WB_KL-54) | read full textyukún naa ík káru vaa ni-kuph-eesh p-oo-kúphaa-nik p-eeknûumin veekxaréeyav you.see 1sg. must also that 1s(>3)-do-FUT NOMZ-3s(>3)-do-ANC the-Burrill.Peak.spirit You see, I must also do that way, as Burrill Peak Spirit did. Source: Mamie Offield, "Shinny Game Medicine" (WB_KL-54) | read full textvíri vaa kin-ípeer-anik hûutva kóo ithívthaaneen u-thaanêe-haak xáyfaat ik kúkuum vúra vaa ku-kup-eep-vík-aha so so 3>1pl-say.to-ANC somehow as.much.as land 3s(>3)-sit-when don't! must again Intensive so 2pl(>3)-MODAL-ITER-weave-Modal (But) they were told, "However long the earth exists, you musn't weave that way (several strands at a time) again." Source: Mamie Offield, "The Flood" (WB_KL-56) | read full textvaa ík káan i-'uum-êesh pá-mita nu-'ínoohvoo-tih-irak pa-'aasív-ak so must there 2s(>3)-arrive-FUT NOMZ-near.past 1pl(>3)-stay.all.the.time.(pl.)-DUR-where the-cave-Locative You must go there where we used to stay, in the cave. Source: Mamie Offield, "A Trip to the Land of the Dead" (WB_KL-58) | read full textxáyfaat ík ná-'ay don't! must 2s/3s>1s-fear You mustn't be afraid of me. Source: Mamie Offield, "A Trip to the Land of the Dead" (WB_KL-58) | read full textxáyfaat ík í-kvip don't! must 2s(>3)-run You mustn't run. Source: Mamie Offield, "A Trip to the Land of the Dead" (WB_KL-58) | read full textkári xás u-piip i-vík-eesh ík átimnam then then 3s(>3)-say 2s(>3)-weave-FUT must pack-basket And it said, "You must weave a burden basket. Source: Mamie Offield, "A Trip to the Land of the Dead" (WB_KL-58) | read full textkáru taay ík vúra yáfus i-kyâa-vish also much must Intensive dress 2s(>3)-make-FUT And you must make many dresses. Source: Mamie Offield, "A Trip to the Land of the Dead" (WB_KL-58) | read full textvíri vaa ík i-'áharam-eesh so so must 2s(>3)-follow-FUT You must follow it. Source: Mamie Offield, "A Trip to the Land of the Dead" (WB_KL-58) | read full textkári xás kin-ipéer pa-'áraar t-u-'ív-ahaak vaa ík apmántiim ku-yvúruk-tih-eesh then then 3pl>3pl-say.to NOMZ-human PERF-3s(>3)-die-when that must lip 2pl(>3)-rub-DUR-FUT And they were told, "When a person dies, you must rub this on his lips. Source: Mamie Offield, "A Trip to the Land of the Dead" (WB_KL-58) | read full textxáyfaat ík kú-ykar pa-'ápsuun pa-'ôok ku-máh-aak don't! must 2pl(>3)-beat the-snake NOMZ-here 2pl(>3)-see-when You mustn't kill the snakes when you see them here." Source: Daisy Jones, "The Snake People" (WB_KL-60) | read full textxás u-píip pa-'asiktávaan xáyfaat ík i-pasúpiichva then 3s(>3)-say the-woman don't! must 2s(>3)-reveal And the woman said, "You mustn't reveal it. Source: Mamie Offield, "The Devil Discovered" (WB_KL-62) | read full textkári xás kin-ipêer káan ík kú-vyiihm-eesh then then 3pl>3pl-say.to there must 2pl(>3)-go.to.(pl.)-FUT And they told (the Indians) to come there. Source: Nettie Ruben, "The White Man's Gifts" (WB_KL-65) | read full textpuv-éek vúra uchvánihich t-óo krii tá kun-pavyíhish not.yet-must Intensive little.bit PERF-3s(>3) live PERF 3pl(>3s)-gather.again.(pl.) (The sun) was not yet well out, (when) they got back. Source: Nettie Ruben, "Elk Hunting" (WB_KL-72) | read full text