Karuk Dictionary
by William Bright and Susan Gehr (© Karuk Tribe)
This is the public version of Ararahih'urípih. Click here for the password-protected private version (which includes some restricted-access text content).
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îin new topic; a postposition, indicating that the subject of a sentence is a new topic
Dictionary Entry
lexicon ID #1670 | revised Oct 31 2014
îin • POSTP • new topic; a postposition, indicating that the subject of a sentence is a new topic
Note: See article by Macaulay 2000, correcting the description of WB. Subject pronoun prefix with this is always kun- or kin-.
Sentence examples (85)
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nu-ykár-eesh pa-'îin púufich i-'êethiipvu-tih-at 1pl(>3)-beat-FUT NOMZ-TOPIC deer 2s(>3)-take.away.from-DUR-PAST We will kill the one who has been taking the deer from you." Source: Mrs. Bennett, "Screech Owl and Coyote" (ALK_14-35) | read full textyaas'ára îin kin-máah-tih-eesh rich.person TOPIC 3pl>3pl-see-DUR-FUT And the people who live will see them." Source: Margaret Harrie, "The Ten Young Men who Became the Pleiades" (DAF_KT-02) | read full textxás yítha îin kun-ipêer tá nu-paratánmaahpa then one TOPIC 3pl(>3s)-say.to PERF 1pl(>3)-turn.back Then one of them told him: "We have turned back." Source: Yaas, "How Grizzly Bear Got his Ears Burnt Off" (JPH_KT-01a) | read full textiim vúra îin pu-n-êekyár-eesh-ara atipimámvaan achvúun ú-peer-anik 2sg. Intensive TOPIC NEG-2s/3s>1s-beat-FUT-NEG buzzard hookbill.salmon 3s(>3)-say.to-ANC "You are not going to kill me?" said Buzzard to Hookbill. Source: Yaas, "How Buzzard Became Bald" (JPH_KT-01b) | read full textxás achvúun u-ppiip naa îin pu-kin-îikyár-eesh-ara vaa vúra páy kyôomahich nu-níshsh-eesh then hookbill.salmon 3s(>3)-say 1sg. TOPIC NEG-1>2s-beat-FUT-NEG so Intensive this little.bit 1pl(>3)-do-FUT Then Hookbill said: "I am not going to kill you, this is all that I'm going to do to you." Source: Yaas, "How Buzzard Became Bald" (JPH_KT-01b) | read full textxás ú-ppeer-anik achvúun îin kun-íppeer-anik xáy faat ík vúra ôok i-páfyuk iim vúra pu-'ôok vúrayvu-tih-eesh-ara then 3s(>3)-say.to-ANC hookbill.salmon TOPIC 3pl(>3s)-say.to-ANC don't! must Intensive here 2s(>3)-come.around.again 2sg. Intensive NEG-here go.around-DUR-FUT-NEG And Hookbill told him: "You must never come around here again, you are not going to come around here." Source: Yaas, "How Buzzard Became Bald" (JPH_KT-01b) | read full textvaa uum ifápiit-ich îin na-tâatripaa-vish so 3.SG young.unmarried.woman-DIM TOPIC 2s/3s>1s-hook.toward.land-FUT Then a young girl can hook me out. Source: Phoebe Maddux, "Coyote Starts for Klamath Lakes, East Roasted Grasshoppers, Floats Down River and Marries Two Girls" (JPH_KT-05) | read full textikrívkihaan xásik arara îin ná-'aam-tih-eesh sixth.month then.(future) human TOPIC 2s/3s>1s-eat-DUR-FUT In the sixth month (April), Human will eat me. Source: Yaas, "How Fish were Transformed" (JPH_KT-07) | read full textkári xas sápxiit ú-paanik "pa-yáv îin ná-'aam-tih-eesh then then steelhead 3s(>3)-say.(ancient) "NOMZ-good TOPIC 2s/3s>1s-eat-DUR-FUT Then Steelhead said: “A good person will eat me.” Source: Yaas, "How Fish were Transformed" (JPH_KT-07) | read full textxás pimaníh'aama ú-paanik "naa vúra pishîich yaas'ára îin ná-'aam-tih-eesh then summer.salmon 3s(>3)-say.(ancient) "1sg. Intensive first rich.person TOPIC 2s/3s>1s-eat-DUR-FUT Then Summer Salmon said: “Human will eat me the first thing (when I get there).” Source: Yaas, "How Fish were Transformed" (JPH_KT-07) | read full textkáru uum achvúun ú-paanik "naa vúra pishîich yaas'ára îin ná-'aam-tih-eesh pa-ni-'îipma-haak also 3.SG hookbill.salmon 3s(>3)-say.(ancient) "1sg. Intensive first rich.person TOPIC 2s/3s>1s-eat-DUR-FUT NOMZ-1s(>3)-return-when And Hookbill said: “Human will eat me the first thing, when I get there.” Source: Yaas, "How Fish were Transformed" (JPH_KT-07) | read full textkári xás u-piip uum vúra vaa páy arara-'îin kun-xúseen-tih kíri âapun ú-yruuhriv then then 3s(>3)-say 3.SG Intensive so this human-TOPIC 3pl(>3s)-think.about-DUR I.wish on.the.ground 3s(>3)-(sg.).lie Then she said: "Someone is causing her sickness. Source: Phoebe Maddux, "Bluejay Myth" (JPH_PHM-24-343a) | read full textxás kúkuum vúra v-oo-piip uum vúra arara-'îin kun-xúseen-tih then again Intensive so-3s(>3)-say 3.SG Intensive human-TOPIC 3pl(>3s)-think.about-DUR Then she said: "Somebody is making it." Source: Phoebe Maddux, "Bluejay Myth" (JPH_PHM-24-343a) | read full textpa-koovúra pa-nanu-ppírish puyíththaxay vúra kúnish vaa kum-eekyâa-hara p-eheeraha-'íppa vúra chishihpurith-'íppa kích vaa kúnish kum-éekyav pa-'apxantîich îin tá kin-ippêer NOMZ-all the-1plPOSS-plant not.a.single.one Intensive sort.of that 3sPOSS-making-NEG the-tobacco-tree Intensive nightshade.sp.-tree only that sort.of 3sPOSS-making the-white.man TOPIC PERF 3>1pl-say.to Of All Karuk plants the Black Nightshade is Most Like Tobacco, the Whites Tell Us Source: Phoebe Maddux, Of All Karuk plants the Black Nightshade is Most Like Tobacco, the Whites Tell Us (JPH_TKIC-III.3) | read full textpúffaat vúra îin áam-tih-ap nothing Intensive TOPIC eat-DUR-INV Nothing eats them. Source: Phoebe Maddux, Of All Karuk plants the Black Nightshade is Most Like Tobacco, the Whites Tell Us (JPH_TKIC-III.3) | read full textchanáakat îin ná-par mosquito TOPIC 2s/3s>1s-bite The mosquitos bit me. Source: Lucille Albers, Sentences about animals, insects, and going places (LA-04) | read full text
Spoken by Lucille Albers | Download | Playchanáakat îin t-ee pár-ap mosquito TOPIC PERF-2s(>3) bite-INV The mosquito bit you. Source: Lucille Albers, Sentences about animals, insects, and going places (LA-04) | read full text
Spoken by Lucille Albers | Download | Playpa-púsihich îin tá ná-mah the-cat.(dimin.) TOPIC PERF 2s/3s>1s-see The cat sees me. Source: Vina Smith, Sonny Davis, Sentences about perception, animals, verb tenses (SD-VS-01) | read full text
Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Playpa-'ávansa Orleans ú-krii îin íp na-máh-at the-man Orleans 3s(>3)-live TOPIC PAST 2s/3s>1s-see-PAST The man who lives in Orleans saw me. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences with relative clauses, negation, commands (VS-09) | read full text
Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Playpa-'ávansa Orleans ú-krii íp îin na-máh-at the-man Orleans 3s(>3)-live PAST TOPIC 2s/3s>1s-see-PAST The man who lives in Orleans saw me. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences with relative clauses, negation, commands (VS-09) | read full text
Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Playpa-'ávansa îin née-mus-ti Orleans aramsîiprin-tih the-man TOPIC 2s/3s>1s-look.at-DUR Orleans start.out-DUR The man who came from Orleans saw me. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences with relative clauses, negation, commands (VS-09) | read full text
Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Playpa-'ávansa Orleans aramsîiprin-ti iim îin née-mus-tih the-man Orleans start.out-DUR 2sg. TOPIC 2s/3s>1s-look.at-DUR The man who came from Orleans saw me. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences with relative clauses, negation, commands (VS-09) | read full text
Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Playpa-'ávansa îin ni-pítap-tih the-man TOPIC 1s(>3)-know-DUR The man knows me. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences with relative clauses, negation, commands (VS-09) | read full text
Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Playtá nu-mah îin PERF 1pl(>3)-see TOPIC I see you. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences with verb paradigms, words for accent (VS-11) | read full text
Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | PlayXás uum pa-xanchíifich îin kin-ímuustih then 3.SG the-frog TOPIC 3pl>3pl-look.at And the frog is looking at them. Source: Vina Smith, Avansáxiich káru Chishíih káru Xanchíifich (VS-19) | read full text
Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | PlayPa-'avansáxiich îin tá kun-chuphuníshkoo the-boy TOPIC PERF 3pl(>3s)-talk.to The boy is talking (to the dog). Source: Vina Smith, Avansáxiich káru Chishíih káru Xanchíifich (VS-19) | read full text
Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | PlayXás pa-xanchíifich îin tá kun-ímuusti pa-kun-páatvu-tih then the-frog TOPIC PERF 3pl(>3s)-look.at NOMZ-3pl(>3s)-bathe-DUR And the frog is looking at them while they're taking a bath. Source: Vina Smith, Avansáxiich káru Chishíih káru Xanchíifich (VS-19) | read full text
Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Playkoovúra îin kin-imúustih-eesh all TOPIC 2>1pl-look.at-FUT You (one person) are going to look at us. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about looking and talking to people (VS-36) | read full text
Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Playpa-nani-kîit îin nee-psháravrik-eesh the-1sPOSS-maternal.grand-relative.through.woman TOPIC 2s/3s>1s-help-FUT My grandmother will help me. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about weaving a hat (VS-37) | read full text
Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Playnaa iim îin nee-psháravriik 1sg. 2sg. TOPIC 2s/3s>1s-help Will you help me? Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about weaving a hat (VS-37) | read full text
Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Playuum vúra itíhaan îin nee-psháravriik-tih 3.SG Intensive always TOPIC 2s/3s>1s-help-DUR She always helps me. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about weaving a hat (VS-37) | read full text
Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Playitíhaan îin nee-psháravrik always TOPIC 2s/3s>1s-help She always helps me. Source: Vina Smith, Sentences about weaving a hat (VS-37) | read full text
Spoken by Vina Smith | Download | Playkáru hôoy akâayva 'îin kun kêemish kun-'áki-hanik kéemish u-'áv-anik also where anyone TOPIC 3pl(>3s) something.dangerous 3pl(>3s)-give.(things).to-ANC something.dangerous 3s(>3)-eat-ANC "And somewhere, someone, they ... they fed him poison, he ate poison." Source: Violet Super, Violet's Dog (VSu-03) | read full textkári xás pâanpay pishpishih-'îin tá kun-'av then then after.while yellowjacket-TOPIC PERF 3pl(>3s)-eat And after a while the yellowjackets ate him. Source: Nettie Ruben, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-01) | read full textchufniivkach-'îin káru vúra pa-tá kun-'av fly-TOPIC also Intensive NOMZ-PERF 3pl(>3s)-eat Flies ate him too. Source: Nettie Ruben, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-01) | read full textchími vúra p-aasvut-'îin káru pa-tá kun-'av soon Intensive the-ant-TOPIC also NOMZ-PERF 3pl(>3s)-eat Soon the ants ate him too. Source: Nettie Ruben, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-01) | read full textxás ú-peen-ti îim ôok keemisha-'îin i-'áv-eesh-ap then 3s(>3)-say.to-DUR outdoors here something.dangerous-TOPIC 2s(>3)-eat-FUT-INV And he told (the person sweating), "A monster outside here is going to eat you." Source: Chester Pepper, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-03) | read full textchiimuuch-'îin kun-xúseer-anik kíri vaa u-kúupha pufáat vúra yáv-heesh-ara lizard-TOPIC 3pl(>3s)-think.about-ANC I.wish so 3s(>3)-do nothing Intensive good-FUT-NEG Lizard thought about him, "Let him do that, nothing will be any good." Source: Chester Pepper, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-03) | read full textxás u-píip yáxa áta uum pa-pihneefich-'îin tá na-sítviik then 3s(>3)-say look! maybe 3.SG the-coyote-TOPIC PERF 2s/3s>1s-steal.from And he said, "Look, I'll bet Coyote stole it from me. Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-04) | read full textkári xás kun-'iruveehíshriih-va pa-'îin kun-'áharamu-tih kun-ímuus-tih kun-piip fâatkook then then 3pl(>3s)-stand.still.(pl.)-PL.ACT NOMZ-TOPIC 3pl(>3s)-follow-DUR 3pl(>3s)-look.at-DUR 3pl(>3s)-say what's.that? And those who were chasing him stopped, they looked, they said, "What is it?" Source: Mamie Offield, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-05) | read full textkári xás kun-ihmáravarak pa-'îin kun-'áharamu-tih then then 3pl(>3s)-run.downstream.from.here.(pl.) NOMZ-TOPIC 3pl(>3s)-follow-DUR And the ones chasing him ran down from upriver. Source: Mamie Offield, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-05) | read full textkári xás kun-píip pa-'îin kun-'áharamu-tih naa ni-p-êesh vaa pa-'ípa ikmaháchraam kú-kree-n-hat then then 3pl(>3s)-say NOMZ-TOPIC 3pl(>3s)-follow-DUR 1sg. 1s(>3)-say-FUT that NOMZ-PAST sweathouse PTCL-live-Participial-PAST Then the ones chasing him said, "I'll bet that was him who was in the sweathouse." Source: Mamie Offield, "Coyote's Journey" (WB_KL-05) | read full textxás pu'akara-'îin kín-maah-tih-ap then nobody-TOPIC 3pl>3pl-see-DUR-NEG And nobody had seen them. Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote Goes to a War Dance" (WB_KL-06) | read full textxás vúra koovura-'îin kun-síinva vúra akárayva-va kuma-yaas'árah vúra kumee-mshúpap then Intensive all-TOPIC 3pl(>3s)-fail.to.recognize Intensive anyone-INDEF 3sPOSS-rich.person Intensive 3sPOSS-attractive And they all failed to recognize anyone so rich, so attractive. Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote Goes to a War Dance" (WB_KL-06) | read full textxás koovura-'îin kun-ímuus-tih then all-TOPIC 3pl(>3s)-look.at-DUR And everybody was looking at him. Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote Goes to a War Dance" (WB_KL-06) | read full textxás pa-tishanih-yûum u-kvíriprup víri kúna kâam pa-'îin kun-'áharamu-ti tá kun-ihmáravarak then NOMZ-placename-uphill.downriver 3s(>3)-run.off..downriver so in.addition little.upriver NOMZ-TOPIC 3pl(>3s)-follow-DUR PERF 3pl(>3s)-run.downstream.from.here.(pl.) And when he ran downriver from tishániik, the ones following him were running down just upriver. Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote Goes to a War Dance" (WB_KL-06) | read full textxás pa-'îin kun-'áharamu-ti xára xás kun-ithyárukha ayu'âach ishahá-kaam then NOMZ-TOPIC 3pl(>3s)-follow-DUR long.time then 3pl(>3s)-cross.(water) it.was.because water-large And those following him were a long time crossing, because there was a lot of water. Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote Goes to a War Dance" (WB_KL-06) | read full textxás p-aaxich-'îin kun-ímuus-tih then the-child-TOPIC 3pl(>3s)-look.at-DUR And the children looked at him. Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote Steals Fire" (WB_KL-10) | read full textxás ta'ítam kun-ihmárasipree-heen tá kun-'áharam pa-'áraar îin tá kin-ip-shítviik then so 3pl(>3s)-start.to.run.(pl.)-ANT PERF 3pl(>3s)-follow NOMZ-human TOPIC PERF 3pl>3pl-ITER-steal.from And so they started to run, they chased the people who had stolen it from them. Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote Steals Fire" (WB_KL-10) | read full texthôoy íf akáray îin xuus i-'éeth-tih-eesh-ap where truly who TOPIC thought 2s(>3)-carry-DUR-FUT-INV Nobody will take care of you. Source: Julia Starritt, "Coyote Marries His Own Daughter" (WB_KL-16) | read full textvíri iim xás îin tá née-ykar so 2sg. then TOPIC PERF 2s/3s>1s-beat Then you killed me. Source: Lottie Beck, "The Perils of Weasel" (WB_KL-18) | read full textkári xás apsunxarah-'îin kun-'av then then long.snake-TOPIC 3pl(>3s)-eat But she was eaten by a long snake Source: Mamie Offield, "The Perils of Weasel" (WB_KL-19) | read full textpa-'asiktavan-'îin kun-ipêer xáyfaat xáyfaat i-vâaram the-woman-TOPIC 3pl(>3s)-say.to don't! don't! 2s(>3)-go The women told him, "Don't, don't go." Source: Daisy Jones, "The Perils of Weasel" (WB_KL-20) | read full textpa-'arákaas íp îin kin-ípeer-at kiik-'íchunv-i the-old.man PAST TOPIC 3>1pl-say.to-PAST 2pl(>3)-hide.oneself-IMPER The old man told us to hide. Source: Julia Starritt, "The Hair in the Soup" (WB_KL-21) | read full textxás p-oo-páhariith-vunaa pa-mu-hrooha-'îin kun-ipêer yaxéek iim vaa kích i-kupí-tih-eesh then NOMZ-3s(>3)-catch.up.with-PL the-3sPOSS-wife-TOPIC 3pl(>3s)-say.to you'll.see 2sg. so only 2s(>3)-do-DUR-FUT And when he caught up with them, his wife told him, "You're going to be doing nothing but this. Source: Lottie Beck, "The Greedy Father" (WB_KL-23) | read full texthûutva kóo mí-myaahti pa-t-i-'ív-ahaak púra fâat vúra îin aam-tíh-eesh-ara somehow as.much.as 2sPOSS-life NOMZ-PERF-2s(>3)-die-when nothing Intensive TOPIC eat-DUR-FUT-NEG All your life, when you die, nothing will eat (you). Source: Mamie Offield, "The Greedy Father" (WB_KL-24) | read full textkíri naa vúra kích yaas'arara-'îin na-'áam-ti káru tápas nee-kyâa-vish I.wish 1sg. Intensive only humankind-TOPIC 2s/3s>1s-eat-DUR also real 2s/3s>1s-make-FUT May Mankind eat me alone and take care of me!" Source: Lottie Beck, "The Story of Tan Oak Acorn" (WB_KL-30) | read full texthôoy íf yaxéek yaas'ara-'îin kun-xús-eesh húut where truly you'll.see rich.person-TOPIC 3pl(>3s)-think-FUT how Mankind won't think (about her) in any way. Source: Lottie Beck, "The Story of Tan Oak Acorn" (WB_KL-30) | read full textxás yaas'ara-'îin kun-ipêer iim kumá'ii pa-'ára u-'íin-ahaak i-'áam-tih-eesh-ap vaa kúth pu-haríxay xúrihi-tih-eesh then rich.person-TOPIC 3pl(>3s)-say.to 2sg. because.of NOMZ-person 3s(>3)-exist-when 2s(>3)-eat-DUR-FUT-INV so because.of NEG-sometimes be.hungry-DUR-FUT Then Man told her, "For your sake, when people exist, they will eat you, because of that they will never hunger. Source: Lottie Beck, "The Story of Tan Oak Acorn" (WB_KL-30) | read full textkáruma ník apxan-yâamach-as tá kun-p-ithxuná-tiih-va yaas'arara-'îin pu-'ithváaf-tih-eesh-ap in.fact a.little cap-pretty-PL PERF 3pl(>3s)-ITER-put.over.head-DUR-PL.ACT humankind-TOPIC NEG-think.well.of-DUR-FUT-NEG The fact is, (the others) wear pretty caps, (but) Mankind won't have much use for them. Source: Lottie Beck, "The Story of Tan Oak Acorn" (WB_KL-30) | read full textvíri vaa îin pa-kín-'aax-tih so that TOPIC NOMZ-3pl>3pl-bite-DUR It was that one that was killing them. Source: Nettie Ruben, "Lizard and Grizzly Bear" (WB_KL-34) | read full textpa-mu-'akah-'îin kun-pápivar the-3sPOSS-father-TOPIC 3pl(>3s)-go.search.for His father went to look for him. Source: Lottie Beck, "The Story of Madrone" (WB_KL-35) | read full textchavúra uum koovúra tá kun-chífich akráa chamuxich-'îin finally 3.SG all PERF 3pl(>3s)-beat eel sucker-TOPIC Finally Sucker won everything from Eel. Source: Mamie Offield, "Eel and Sucker" (WB_KL-37) | read full texthínupa chantirih-'îin sú' pa-tá kun-vôonkurih vaa kúth p-oo-kpaksúr-oo-ti pa-mú-siish surprise tick-TOPIC inside NOMZ-PERF 3pl(>3s)-crawl.in so because.of NOMZ-3s(>3)-cut.off-PL.ACT-DUR the-3sPOSS-penis There it was Tick that crawled into him, that's why he cut off his penis. Source: Nettie Ruben, "The Creation of Eels" (WB_KL-41) | read full textaah uum ú-paanik púra fâat vúra îin na-'íship-tih-eesh-ara fire 3.SG 3s(>3)-say.(ancient) nothing Intensive TOPIC 2s/3s>1s-extinguish.fire-DUR-FUT-NEG Fire once said, "Nothing can put me out." Source: Mamie Offield, "Victory Over Fire" (WB_KL-45) | read full textkári xás pirishkâarim u-piip naa îin nu-'íship-tih-eesh then then grizzly 3s(>3)-say 1sg. TOPIC 1pl(>3)-extinguish.fire-DUR-FUT Then Grizzly Bear said, "I can put you out." Source: Mamie Offield, "Victory Over Fire" (WB_KL-45) | read full textchavúra púra kára îin ishkáxishrihmath-ap pá-'aah finally nobody TOPIC stop.from.doing-NEG the-fire Finally nothing stopped Fire. Source: Mamie Offield, "Victory Over Fire" (WB_KL-45) | read full textkári xás u-piip naa îin ni-shkáxishrihmath-eesh then then 3s(>3)-say 1sg. TOPIC 1s(>3)-stop.from.doing-FUT And he said, "I'll stop him." Source: Mamie Offield, "Victory Over Fire" (WB_KL-45) | read full textkári xás u-piip aah naa vúra púra fâat îin nee-shkáxishrihmath-eesh then then 3s(>3)-say fire 1sg. Intensive nothing TOPIC 2s/3s>1s-stop.from.doing-FUT And Fire said, "Nothing can stop me." Source: Mamie Offield, "Victory Over Fire" (WB_KL-45) | read full textvíri naa kích îin tá nu-'apúnmiik so 1sg. only TOPIC PERF 1pl(>3)-learn.from I alone have learned it from you. Source: Chester Pepper, "Love Medicine" (WB_KL-51) | read full textkári xás u-xús-aanik ikmahachram'íshiip veekxaréeyav yaas'ara-'îin ta-na-'apúnmiik-ahaak yaas'ára káru vaa u-kuph-eesh then then 3s(>3)-think-ANC Sacred.Sweathouse.Spirit rich.person-TOPIC PERF-2s/3s>1s-learn.from-when rich.person also so 3s(>3)-do-FUT And Sacred Sweathouse Spirit thought, "If Mankind has learned it from me, Mankind will do so too." Source: Chester Pepper, "Medicine for the Return of Wives" (WB_KL-52) | read full textkári xás u-xús-aanik yaas'ara-'îin tá na-'apúnmiik-ahaak víri yaas'ára káru vúra vaa u-kuph-eesh then then 3s(>3)-think-ANC rich.person-TOPIC PERF 2s/3s>1s-learn.from-when so rich.person also Intensive so 3s(>3)-do-FUT Then (the father) thought, "If Mankind has learned it from me, Mankind will do this way too." Source: Chester Pepper, "Deer-hunting Medicine" (WB_KL-53) | read full textnaa kích îin tá nu-'apúnmiik 1sg. only TOPIC PERF 1pl(>3)-learn.from I alone have learned it from you. Source: Chester Pepper, "Deer-hunting Medicine" (WB_KL-53) | read full textxás vúra tá kun-vîiha pa-keevnikich-'íin then Intensive PERF 3pl(>3s)-hate the-old.woman.(dimin.)-TOPIC But the old woman disliked him. Source: Nettie Ruben, "The Boy from Itúkuk" (WB_KL-57) | read full textvúra tá kun-vîiha pa-keevnikich-'íin Intensive PERF 3pl(>3s)-hate the-old.woman.(dimin.)-TOPIC The old woman disliked him. Source: Nettie Ruben, "The Boy from Itúkuk" (WB_KL-57) | read full textvaa vúra pa-'atipimaamvan-'îin kin-p-ôonvuuk so Intensive the-buzzard-TOPIC 3pl>3pl-ITER-bring.(people) The buzzard brought them back. Source: Mamie Offield, "A Trip to the Land of the Dead" (WB_KL-58) | read full textkoovura-'îin pa-tá kun-'áakup chí nu-thtîi-ti all-TOPIC NOMZ-PERF 3pl(>3s)-challenge soon 1pl(>3)-gamble-DUR Everybody challenged him, "Let’s gamble!" Source: Nettie Ruben, "The Pool in Big Rock" (WB_KL-59) | read full textxás u-péer chími ôok vúra íkrii tá kun-tápkuup pa-'arara-'íin then 3s(>3)-say.to soon here Intensive live PERF 3pl(>3s)-like the-human-TOPIC And she told him, "Live here!"; the people liked him. Source: Daisy Jones, "The Snake People" (WB_KL-60) | read full textxás pa-mu-tat-'îin kun-ipêer îikam kúuk uum-i then the-3sPOSS-mother-TOPIC 3pl(>3s)-say.to outdoors to.there arrive-IMPER And his mother told him, "Go outdoors! Source: Lottie Beck, "The Kidnapped Child" (WB_KL-61) | read full textxás pá-mita îin kun-síitv-at ú-peen-ti xáyfaat mâam kúuk i-kuníhivraa then NOMZ-near.past TOPIC 3pl(>3s)-steal-PAST 3s(>3)-say.to-DUR don't! uphill to.there 2s(>3)-shoot.over And the one who stole him told him, "Don't shoot up over the hill!" Source: Lottie Beck, "The Kidnapped Child" (WB_KL-61) | read full textkáruk yítha va-'êem kun-'êetheep-anik mu-'arátaanva pa-preacher mu-hrooha-'íin upriver one 3sPOSS-doctor 3pl(>3s)-take.away.from-ANC 3sPOSS-disease the-preacher 3sPOSS-wife-TOPIC The preacher's wife took the 'pain' (disease object) away from a certain doctor upriver. Source: Julia Starritt, "A Quack Doctor" (WB_KL-67) | read full textxás kári p-oo-'íshupish pa-'arátaanva xás pa-preacher mu-hrooha-'íin kun-áveep pa-'arátaanva then then NOMZ-3s(>3)-show.(of.shaman) the-disease then the-preacher 3sPOSS-wife-TOPIC 3pl(>3s)-take.away.from the-disease So when (the doctor) displaying the 'pain,' then the preacher's wife took the pain away from her. Source: Julia Starritt, "A Quack Doctor" (WB_KL-67) | read full textíshyuux kun-iyvúnkurih-vu-ti pa-chishih-'íin elk 3pl(>3s)-chase.into-to-DUR the-dog-TOPIC The dogs used to herd elk in (to ravines). Source: Nettie Ruben, "Elk Hunting" (WB_KL-72) | read full textxás kun-íshtaak-ti hâari pa-mu-kit-'íin then 3pl(>3s)-hold.(person)-DUR sometime the-3sPOSS-maternal.grand-relative.through.woman-TOPIC And sometimes it was held by its grandmother. Source: Julia Starritt, "The Living-house" (WB_KL-77) | read full textkoovúra-'îin kin-ímuus-tih all-TOPIC 3>1pl-look.at-DUR Everyone looked at us. Source: Nettie Ruben, "The Pikiawish at Katimin" (WB_KL-83) | read full text